research activities - kth

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Division of Heat and Power Technology

Infrastructure

Department of Energy Technology

KTH 2011

Low Pressure Turbine Test Rig - Division of Heat and Power Technology

Test section

Test facility Object KTH Aeroelasticity Test Rig (AETR) Brand name Design KTH/ Division of Heat and Power Technology

(Damian Vogt) Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of

Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year 2002 Purchase value Indicative weekly rate

600 kEuro 5 kEuro

Necessary space Rig in use: 45m2 (9mx5m), storage: ca 14 m2 (7mx2m) General application Experimental investigations of aerodynamic damping in a

LPT rotor during controlled blade oscillation; flow field measurement capabilities, optical access to test section; casing and hub instrumentation (traversable); low subsonic to high subsonic operation

Application for industry Testing of aerodynamic damping of blade rows; reblading possible

Capacity Tip diameter 980mm, radius ratio: 1.25, axial chord (root) 55mm, inlet angle ±45deg, outlet angle ±70deg, inlet Mach number: 0.1-0.44, outlet Mach number: 0.67-0.99, Re 3.2e5-5.2e5 Blade oscillation: bending (flex, chordwise) 0-6.5deg, torsion 0-9deg, combined torsion and bending (at a phase angle of 90deg), reduced frequency 0-0.5

Reasons for possession

Experimental investigation of aeroelastic stability of low pressure turbine rotors. Unique facility as real 3D blade modes are investigated in an annular flow.

Current task volume Possible increases, Limitations

Reblading in 2009 within FUTURE Optical window for L2F measurements (2009)

Needs of investments - Normal instrumentation Steady-state pressure: PSI9016 (16 channels), PSI8400

(212 channels), taps on blades, hub and casing Time-resolved pressure: KULITE sensors (XCQ-062, XCQ-2-062, LQ-5-080), data sampling: KT8000 (Kayser-Threde) high-speed data acquisition system, 32 channels, 200kHz max sampling frequency, sensors on blades, hub and casing Steady-state temperature Aerodynamic probes (4-hole) Bowed plexiglass window (low-tech flow viz) Data acquisition and rig control: LabView Blade oscillation: Laser vibrometer on oscillating blade

Loading Availability

80% usage (TurboVib project, FUTURE project)

Responsible persons Damian Vogt (KTH)

Test Turbine - Division of Heat and Power Technology

Object Cold Flow Test Turbine Brand name ABB STAL design Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of


1250 kEuro (1984) Depending on the length of the project

Necessary space ca 30 m2. General application Performance tests of turbine stages, both gas and steam

turbines. Efficiency measurements and detailed investigation of intrastage flow parameters.

Application for industry Used to investigate new blading for turbines, secondary flows, investigation of cooling/bleeding flows.

Capacity Number of stages 1-3, min. inner diameter 280 mm, max. outer diameter 600 mm and max. speed 9000 rpm. Max capacity; flow: 4,7 kg/s, p_in: 4 bar (abs), t_in: 25-90°C. Cavity leakage flows (inflow or outflow).


The test turbine is a unique facility for development of turbine blading. The facility is a joint venture between KTH and Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.


Presently about two measurement campaigns per year. An increase in volume is possible with 1-2 campaigns.

Needs of investments No direct need, all systems in operation. For continuous runs (>30 min) at higher than 7500 rpm a service/upgrading of bearing system is needed. Outlaid upgrading exists for speeds up to 13000rpm (~100 kEuro)

Normal instrumentation LabView as data acquisition system, Pressure (PSI System 9010): 96 channels, Temperature (Datascan): 40 channels. For steady and unsteady flow field investigations: Various probes. Shaft- and bearing friction torque, rotational speed etc. Rotating measurement system (slip rings 36 circuits).


40% 60%

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Pressure (PSI Systems: up to 160 Ch): Temperature (Keithley 2701+7706): 20 TC channels. For flow field investigations: Various probes, hotwires. Fully automatic probe traverse system. Bronkhorst mass flow controllers (2*97 + 2*180 kg/h air) for control of coolants.


80% (TurboAero project, Sector rig project )

Responsible persons Jens Fridh (KTH), Ranjan Saha (KTH)

VM100 Wind Tunnel Facility- Division of Heat and Power Technology

The test rig as of October 2006 Example of test object

Object Atmospheric transonic wind tunnel Acronym VM100 Brand Name HPT/KTH design Location Division of Heat and Power Technology,

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Purchase Year 1998 Purchase Value/ Booked Value Indicative weekly rate

250 kEuro (1998) Depending on the project

Necessary space Ca 45m2 General Applications Investigations of fundamental aerodynamic

phenomena, such as steady/unsteady flow interaction, shock/boundary layer interaction, acoustic blockage etc

Other Applications Probe calibration Tests of isolated airfoils Student laboratory exercises

Capacity Process air: 4.7kg/s at temperatures up to 90°C and 4bars Power supply: 1MW compressor


The test rig gives the possibility to isolate and study specific aerodynamic phenomena. The alternative to study these in full scale test rigs introduces difficulties in separating the effects of various phenomena from each other


The test is used periodically. Increase in volume is possible

Needs of investments Current equipment is up to date. Increase in instrumentation is in process

Normal instrumentation 400 channel steady state pressure system 16 channel hot wire/film system 32 channel unsteady pressure system 3 component L2F system 2 component LDV system

3D Laser Velocity Measurement System–Division of Heat and Power Technology Object 3D Laser Velocity Measurement system Brand name Polytech Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal

Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year 1997 (at that time the 5th 3D system sold in the

world) Purchase value Booked value Indicative weekly rate

370 kEURO (1997) Depending on the project

Necessary space 5 m2 General application Flow measurement up to 500 m/s. Has been

applied towards measurements inside a rotor passage at over 7000 rpm. Steady state and time-dependent resolution. Can detect wakes and shock motions

Other application General measurement instrument to measure flow velocities

Capacity N/A Reason for possession Can be used for three-dimensional measurements Current task volume Possible increases Limitations

Is used periodically. A very detailed measuring campaign can take about 2 weeks to several months. Usually about a month Several new projects can be started using this equipment

Need of investment None Normal instrumentation Loading Availability

Within the next 3 years, has been booked for a 5 months period. Other tests will also be performed, but this is very flexible

LDA Laser Doppler Anemometry Measurement System–Division of Heat and Power Technology

Object Laser Doppler Anemometry Measurement

system Brand name Polytech Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal

Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year 1996 Purchase value Booked value Indicative weekly rate

50 kEURO Depending on the project

Necessary space 3 m2 General application Laminar and turbulent flows

Investigations on aerodynamics Subsonic flows Turbines, automotive etc.

Other application Liquid flows Hot environments (flame, plasma etc.) Velocity of particles

Capacity N/A Reason for possession Can be used for local particles velocity

measurements Current task volume Possible increases Limitations

Is used periodically. A very detailed measuring campaign can take about 2 weeks to several months.

Need of investment None Normal instrumentation 3D translation system Loading Availability

Has been fully booked until September 2003. Available after this date.

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Surge Test Facility - Division of Heat and Power Technology

Object Surge Test Facility Brand name Turbocharger by Mitsubishi Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of

Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year 1993 / Upgraded 2006 Purchase value Indicative weekly rate

110 KSEK 3 KSEK

Necessary space Ca 15 m2. General application Student Lab for the demonstration of surge in a radial

compressor. Performance map measurement. Application for industry The test facility might be used for tests to investigate

potentials to increase the operating range with new designed turbochargers

Capacity max. speed 70000 rpm (test)/ Theoretical 180000 rpm Massflow 0.04 – 0.18 kg/s, Pressure ratio: up to 1.2 (test)


The test rig is a valuable educational tool to demonstrate the impact of surge and the parameters of performance.


Rig in operation. Eventual extension for design studies, which would need a project agreement with a driving partner from industry. Contacts are made with VOLVO.

Needs of investments Overhaul of measurement equipment. El-motor driven compressor, if accurate compressor maps should be measured. Design variations.

Normal instrumentation Various pressures with PSI Pressure scanner, Temperature with thermocouples. Flow meter (Venturi), optical measurement of rotational speed. Keatly data collection system programmed in lab view and experimental computer.


Cascade fan Within 2 weeks notice

Responsible persons Arturo Manrique (KTH)

Demonstration Jet Engine–Division of Heat and Power Technology

Object Small Jet Engine, Turbomin 100 Brand name Turbomin Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal

Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year Purchase value Booked value Indicative weekly rate

20 KEuro

Necessary space 3 m2 (storage) – 25 m2 (when running) General application Demonstration

Laboratory Exercises Other application N/A Capacity About 200 kW fuel input (350ml/min) Reason for possession Demonstration/Exercises Current task volume Is used periodically in undergraduate courses for

Laboratory Exercises, mainly in Period 2 and 3.

Need of investment Changing/Calibrating measurement instruments General Service

Normal instrumentation Thermocouples Pressure Transducers Flow meter Revolution meter

Loading Around 40h/year

Availability Available

Others When running: - The ventilation system at 25-30 Hz - A safety distance of 4-5m between control unit and the engine - Ear protection for the users

Hot Wire/Film Anemometer – Division of Heat and Power Technology

The Anemometer System as of May 1998 Example of HF sensors mounted on airfoil

Object Hot Wire/Film Anemometer Brand Name TSI Location Division of Heat and Power Technology,

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Purchase Year 1996 Purchase Value Booked Value Rental cost, weekly rate

60 kEuro (1996)

Necessary space Ca 2m2 General Applications Investigations of fundamental aerodynamic

phenomena, such as boundary layer behaviour, transition and separation development, turbulence, steady/unsteady flow interaction, shock/boundary layer interaction, etc

Other Applications Probe calibration Student laboratory excercises

Capacity 16 channels with simultaneous data aqcuisition 1MHz total sampling speed 50 kHz max sampling speed per channel

Reasons for possession Consequences of liquidation

The equipment gives the possibility to study detailed boundary layer phenomena. The alternative to study these with laser (LDA, L2F, PIV) equipment provides difficulties in resolving the boundary layers due to the larger measurement volume

Current task volume Possible increases

The equipment is used periodically. Increase in volume is possible

Needs of investments Current equipment is up to date. Normal instrumentation Loading Availability

Not high In % of time (available for other tests than today planned)

Unsteady Pressure Measurement System - Division of Heat and Power Technology

XCQ-062 transducer

LQ-080 transducer

Data Acquisition System KT8000

Object Unsteady Pressure Measurement System Brand name Data acquisition system: KT8000

Pressure transducers: KULITE (different types) Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of


Data acquisition system with 40 sensors: 125kEuro (2000)

Necessary space 2m2 General application High-speed data acquisition system for Wheatstone-bridge

sensing (+-5V symmetric excitation), currently use with KULITE sensors for unsteady pressure measurements at high frequencies (32 channels up to 200kHz sampled)

Other application Any other time-resolved measurements with respective transducer (Wheatstone bridge, 5V symmetric excitation) such as strain gauges

Capacity 32 channels, max parallel sampling rate 200kHz 4 thermocouple inputs (type K) Programmable signal amplification and low-pass filters for each channel,PC based control program, PC operation system WIN-NT, PC mounted in rack


Measurement system allows investigating unsteady phenomena at high frequencies. It will be used to study aeroelastic phenomena and transition under fluctuating back pressure.

Current Task Volume Possible increases, Limitations

Currently used in studying transition and aeroelastic phenomena.

Normal instrumentation Industrial PC (NT4) and data acquisition software Estimated Usage Costs 28 Euro/h Responsible persons Damian Vogt (KTH)

Catalytic Combustion Test Facility - Division of Heat and Power Technology mbustion Test Facility - Division of Heat and Power Technology

Object Test rig for catalytic combustion of gasified biomass for gas turbines application.

Brand name HTP/KTH design Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of


150 kEuro (1994) Depending on the length of the project

Necessary space Ca 30 m2. Location Department of Heat and Power, Royal Institute of

Technology, Stockholm. General application Testing catalytic combustors fired with gasified biomass as

the fuel. Application for industry . Capacity 500 kW, 4 bar, gasified biomass as the fuel, 1300 K outlet

temperature. Reasons for possession

Setting up a test facility to investigate the feasibility of firing a catalytic gas turbine combustor under the aspect of low emission level with respect to NOx, CO and unburned HC.


Improving modifications to test different catalysts. Limitation is manpower.

Needs of investments New data acquisition system. Development of a new version of the rig for combustor turbines developing.

Normal instrumentation Under installation Loading Availability

80% 20%

Responsible persons Reza Fakhrai, Martin Vosecky, Arturo Manrique

Small-scale gasification system - Division of Heat and Power Technology

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Gasification system, with clean-up section and instrumentation

Object Small-scale gasification system HPT/KTH design Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute

of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Commission year 2007 Purchase value Indicative weekly rate

90 kSEK (excl. instrumentation) Depends on the project

Necessary space 15 m2 General application Investigation of gasification performance on pellets with

different biomass origin, such as wood, palm-oil residues, cane sugar residues.

Other application Also utilized in undergraduate courses as laboratory exercise. Will possibly be used in a pilot-plant project

Capacity This depends on fuel type and load. Maximum around 4 kg biomass per hour = 20 kW thermal power.


The system allows for systematically investigating gasification parameters of previously non-considered fuels such as palm-oil residues to prove the technology for these.


Limitation in running time due to increasing temperature of outgoing gas.

Needs of investments Further cooling of outgoing gas for longer runtime Normal instrumentation Thermocouples type N

Air flow meter Gas chromatograph for gas composition


80% during May-July 2008

Responsible persons Catharina Erlich (KTH)

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Pellets fired Stirling engine system- Division of Heat and Power Technology

Main experimental set-up

Boiler- 20kW pellet burner

1 kW Stirling engine

Object Pellets fired Stirling engine system Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of Technology,

Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year 2009 and 2010 Purchase value Indicative weekly rate

200 kSEK (excl. instrumentation) Depends on the project

Necessary space 15 m2

General application Investigation of pellets combustion with different biomass origin and evaluation of the performance of the Stirling engine.

Other application The Stirling engine can be adapted to other types of burners (ex. biogas burners) and other types or sources of energy such us the solar energy.

Capacity This depends on fuel type and load. Maximum around 4 kg biomass per hour = 20 kW thermal power. The Stirling engine will run according to the thermal energy provided.

Reasons for possession The system allows to systematically investigate combustion parameters of previously non-considered fuels such as sugar cane bagasse, sunflower husks and Brazil nuts shells in combination with production of electricity through the Stirling engine.


In construction of a new combustion chamber to couple the Stirling engine and pellet burner. Limitation in running time due to the high ash content of the biomass residues.

Needs of investments Further assembly of the new combustion chamber, electrical connections and some modifications into the burner to allow the use of the high ash content biomass.

Normal instrumentation

Thermocouples type K Gas analyzers for CO, CO2,NO, NOx, and O2 Current and voltage of Stirling engine Mass balance, air flow meter, water flow meter


100% after finished the assembly of the Stirling engine into the combustion chamber.

Responsible persons Evelyn Cardozo (KTH), Catharina Erlich (KTH) and Anders Malmquist (KTH)

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Gas Turbine Combustor ‐ Division of Heat and Power Technology

Object Gas Turbine Combustor - Open Flame Combustion Brand name Locally designed Test rig at (KTH) - Combustor is from Rover

Machine Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of

Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year 1995 – refurbished in 2011 Purchase value Indicative weekly rate

Fixed components (combustion hardware, fuel control accessories, temperature gages etc) 150 k SEK Shared components (Data loggers, Data acquisition and control system with computer hardware, On-line emission analysis system) 750 k SEK System Maintenance cost – 100 k SEK Indicative weekly rate: Equipment use only 25 k SEK (no labor and fuel costs included)

Necessary space Ca 20 m2. General application Lab exercise for Applied Heat and Power Technology (MJ2426)

Course Lab Exercise for Combustion Theory (MJ2420) Course

Other applications To understand some of the difficulties and problems that a research projects can introduce. Demonstrate and visualize combustion process involved in gas turbine combustor, with conventionally accepted fuel types and any other potential expectations of different fuels

Capacity Shaft power 80 kW, jet pipe Temperature 670oC, compressor speed 46000 rpm and air mass flow 0.884 kg/s.

Reasons for possession The rover combustor is valuable educational tool. This lab exercise is to make the students understand and give the opportunity to work with the factors and concepts involved in the combustion inside a combustor.


Due to the lab exercise, increase in volume is possible.

Needs of investments Overhaul of measurement equipments

Normal instrumentation LabView as data acquisition system, online gas analyzers for NOx, UHC, CO, O2, H2, CO2: Air flow measurement: Pitot tube, Pressure transducer: Temperature :Thermocouples N type Fuel Flow measurements: Brooks mass flow controller Keithley 2701 data logger.


Approximately 3-4 hrs lab exercise During April/May of the year approximately for 10 occasions (ten student groups), will run the equipment in MJ2426 course During October/November of the year approximately for 5 to 6 occasions (5 to 6 student groups), will run the equipment in MJ2420 course

Responsible persons Jeevan Jayasuriya (KTH), Ershad Khan (KTH) , Leif Pettersson (KTH) --------------Updated the document in March 2011

4 bar Air Supply Compressor - Division of Heat and Power Technology

Operator’s panel

Compressor unit

Object 4 bar Compressor Brand name Atlas Copco

ZA4 Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of


500k€ (1986)

Necessary space 20m2 General application Main air supply compressor for 4 bar wind tunnel system,

oil-free compression system, screw compressor principle Other application Air compression in general Capacity 4.5 bara max pressure, 4.75kg/s max mass flow

Air cooler downstream of compressor 20C-80C (district cooling) Cyclone droplet separator installed Electrical drive 1120kW


Supplying wind tunnel system with compressed air


Used continuously

Needs of investments - Normal instrumentation Operator’s panel on compressor side Loading Availability

Loading dependent on wind tunnel use Estimated usage costs: 70Euro/h

Responsible persons Stellan Hedberg (KTH), Damian Vogt (KTH), Jens Fridh (KTH)

40 bar Air Supply Compressor - Division of Heat and Power Technology

Storage tank

Compressor unit

Object 40 bar Compressor Brand name CompAir 5000 Reavell Location Division of Heat and Power Technology, Royal Institute of

Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Purchase year Purchase value Indicative weekly rate

200k€

Necessary space 30m2 incl. tank General application Main air supply compressor for 40 bar combustion

facilities Other application Secondary air supply for wind tunnel tests (e.. cooling air

injection) Capacity 40 bara max pressure, 0.1kg/s max mass flow

5m3 high-pressure storage tank included Electrical drive


Supplying test facilities with high-pressure compressed air


Used continuously

Needs of investments - Normal instrumentation Operator’s panel on compressor side Loading Availability

Loading dependent on wind tunnel use Estimated usage costs: 20Euro/h

Responsible persons Stellan Hedberg (KTH)

research activities - kth

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