redefining america: findings from the 2006 latino national survey luis r. fraga
DESCRIPTION
Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey Luis R. Fraga Stanford University University of Washington John A. Garcia University of Arizona Rodney E. Hero University of Notre Dame Michael Jones-Correa Cornell University Valerie Martinez-Ebers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey
Luis R. FragaStanford University
University of Washington
John A. GarciaUniversity of Arizona
Rodney E. HeroUniversity of Notre Dame
Michael Jones-CorreaCornell University
Valerie Martinez-EbersTexas Christian University
Gary M. SeguraUniversity of Washington
Sources of Funding
• Annie E. Casey Foundation• Carnegie Corporation• Ford Foundation• Hewlett Foundation• Irvine Foundation• Joyce Foundation• Kellogg Foundation• National Science Foundation• Russell Sage Foundation• Texas A&M University: MALRC, PERG
Percent Hispanic of U.S. Population, 1960-2030
3.64.8
6.9
9.7
13.2
16.4
19.3
22.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Source: Chapter 2. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies. Adapted from Figure 2-2.
Per
cent
Hispanic Births and Net Immigration by Decade: 1960-2030
2.61.3
3.2 34.4
5.57
8.19.2
7.6
11.2
7.3
13.4
8.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000
2000-10 2010-20 2020-30
Births Immigration
Source: Chapter 2. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies. Adapted from Figure 2-1.
Mill
ions
Assimilation, Values, and IdentityAssimilation, Values, and Identity
Latino Diversity
Census Bureau (American Community Survey, Released August 2006)
Mexican 63.9%Puerto Rican 9%Cuban 3.5%Salvadoran 2.9%Dominican 2.7%Guatemalan 1.7%Colombian 1.8%ALL OTHERS 14.3%
Native-born (not Island-born): 35.4%Foreign-born 61%Island-born PR 3.6%
No high school diploma 43%College graduate 11.1%
Latino National Survey (unweighted N)Summer 2006
*Mexican 66.1% (5704)*Puerto Rican 9.5% (822)*Cuban 4.9% (420)*Salvadoran 4.7% (407)*Dominican 3.9% (335)*Guatemalan 1.7% (149)*Colombian 1.6% (139)*All Others 7.6%
*Native-born 28.4% (2450)*Foreign-born (adults) 66.2% (5717)*Island-born PR 5.4% (467)
*No high school diploma 37%*College graduate 16.2%
44 million Latinos in the US
Language Proficiencyacross Generations
1st Gen 2nd Gen 3rd Gen 4th Gen
Answered in English
19.2 73.7 90.4 91.3
Answered in Spanish, Speak
English
19.1 19.5 8.2 7.7
Total Share with English Proficiency
38.3 93.2 98.6 99.0
Retain Spanish Proficiency
99.2 91.6 68.7 60.5
• Strong English dominance and nearly universal English proficiency among the first-generation of US born;
• Generally strong Spanish retention, aided by refreshed populations of Spanish-speakers.
Importance of Learning English/ Retaining Spanish across Generations
1st Gen 2nd Gen 3rd Gen 4th Gen
How important do you think it is that everyone in the United States learn English?
Somewhat 5.2 8.6 11.8 11.6
Very 94.1 89.3 86.1 84.0
How important do you think it is for you or your family to maintain the ability to speak Spanish?
Somewhat 9.7 13.7 17.9 22.2
Very 88.6 84.4 73.0 66.7
Sense of American and Home-Country IdentityAcross Generations
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
How strongly do you think of yourself as “American”?
Somewhat Strongly 28.7 25.1 15.2 16.3
Very Strongly24.5 56.9 78.5 76.4
How strongly do you think of yourself as (Mexican, Cuban, etc)?
Somewhat Strongly 19.6 22.2 26.1 34.3
Very Strongly 67.6 64.3 45.1 40.5
Attention to US and “Home Country” Politics and Public Affairs
• Attention to US politics is strong, even among the foreign born, and approaches (and in some cases surpasses) levels for all other groups, among Latinos born in the US.
• While about 57% of foreign born respondents agree that they should be able to vote in home country elections, only about 4% have ever done so, and about 58% report paying little or no attention to politics back home.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Attention to/Interest in US politics
Somewhat or Very Interested 60.0 73.9 79.2 81.3
Attention to/Interest in “Home-Country” politics
Little or No Attention Paid 57.5 61.0 72.8 72.8
Preferences for Cultural Assimilation and Distinctness
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Importance of Changing to Blend into Larger Society
Somewhat 26.2 33.3 34.7 37.5
Very 61.4 44.6 40.6 35.7
Importance of Maintaining Distinct Culture
Somewhat 16.2 18.3 20.3 26.1
Very 78.6 75.8 72.9 66.7
• Support for blending into the larger culture and for maintaining a distinct culture are positively related (r=.1415):•Not seen as an either/or proposition
Civic and Political Civic and Political ParticipationParticipation
Latino Interest in Politics(in percentages)
All US Born Naturalized Non- Respondents Citizens Citizens Citizens
Not Interested 32 21 28 41
Somewhat Interested 48 50 48 48
Very Interested 20 29 24 1
QUESTION: How interested are you in politics and public affairs? Would you say you are very interested, somewhat interested or not at all interested?
Civic Engagement Among Naturalized and Non- Citizens
(in percentages)All US Born Naturalized Non-
Respondents Citizens Citizens Citizens
Groupparticipation 19 29 23 10
Contactsofficials 30 45 37 17
Organizationalproblem-solving 43 46 43 42
Multiple contactsw/ officials 25 20 19 31
Patterns of Partisanship
Overall U.S. Born Puerto Rico Born Outside
U.S.
Democrat 42.1 55.9 56.3 33.9
Republican 21.5 26.0 22.9 18.8
Independent 8.1 5.6 3.1 10.0
Don’t Care 12.7 4.8 5.5 17.4
Don’t Know 15.6 8.6 12.7 20.0
Citizenship and Issue Positions:Problem Facing the Country
Citizen Non-citizen
Iraq War 30.0 33.2
Economy 14.7 12.4
Illegal Immigration 8.4 14.8
Education/ Schools 4.2 4.7
Other 12.4 6.6
“What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the country today?”
Partisanship and Issue Positions:Problem Facing the Country
Democrat Republican Independent
Iraq War 33.8 25.1 25.8
Economy 15.0 14.6 14.5
Illegal Immigration 6.9 9.0 10.6
Education/ Schools 5.4 4.5 5.0
Other 11.7 17.3 16.1
“What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the country today?”
Partisanship and Issue Positions:Preferred Party to Address Problem Facing Country
Democrats Republicans Neither Don’t Know
Democrat 39.4 7.4 43.1 10.1
Republican 14.6 26.2 46.3 13.0
Independent 12.1 6.8 63.8 17.2
Don’t Care 6.2 3.9 54.2 35.7
Don’t Know 6.1 4.8 48.5 40.6
“Which political party do you think has a better approach to address this problem?”
Latino Linked Fate
Do Latinos see their futures, and those of their national origin group, linked to that of other Latinos? YES
Mex indiv.
Mex group
Cuban indiv.
Cuban group
PR indiv.
PR group
Nothing 14.3 7.1 18.4 13.4 22.1 11.3
Little 15.3 13.2 11.9 8.6 15.3 14.1
Some 24.6 25.8 20.5 22.2 21.7 28.5
A Lot 39.2 46.8 36.3 43.7 34.1 38.5
How much does your “doing well” depend on other Latinos/Hispanics also doing well? How much does [national origin] “doing well” …?
Contributing Factors to Latino Linked Fate
Perceived commonality1 Latino Linked Fate
• Nativity 67.4/62.9 • Language Use 67.9/61.7 • Linked fate w/ African. Amer. 74.3/58.6 • Partisan Identity 74.5/61.2• Linked fate w/ Latinos 73.7/46.1• Race/ethnicity of co-workers 66.6/63.3
1 The set of percentages represents Latino respondents who indicated some or a lot of commonality for native/foreign born, English/Spanish speakers. For the linked fate percentages, it is some/a lot vs. little/nothing. For partisan, it is partisans vs. non-partisans. And coworkers represent mixed group of coworkers vs. only Latinos.
IMMIGRATION POLICY
Preferred I mmigration Policy Regarding Undocumented I mmigrants, by Generation
54
25
10
28
24
44
14
7
11
13
47
14
11
1215
47
14
11
12
31
12
4
9
43Immediate Legalization
Guest Worker Program with Legalization
Guest Worker Program, Temporary
Secure Border
None
Preferred Immigration Policy by Generation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ImmediateLegalization
Guest WorkerLegaliz
Guest Worker Seal Border None of These
Preferred Immigration Policy
Perc
en
t w
ith
in G
en
era
tion
Preferred Immigration Policy First
Preferred Immigration PolicySecond
Preferred Immigration Policy Third
Preferred Immigration Policy Fourth
Preferred Immigration Policy All
Latinos in the Midwest:
Public Policy and Issues
Latinos’ and their Schools
• Grading the Schools• Participation in the Schools
Grade Given to Community Schools
Grade Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
________________________________A 32.0 27.0 32.0 44.6
B 38.1 38.0 52.2 35.5
C 19.0 26.2 10.7 13.9
D 5.3 4.3 2.5
F 5.5 4.3 4.9 3.2
Kids in School
Level Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa Aspir. Expect. Aspir. Expect. Aspir. Expect. Aspir.
Expect.
High Sch./ 4.0 14.1 8.0 7.2 7.4 19.9 8.2 20.7GED
Vocational 2.2 4.4 1.7 3.4 0.0 2.3 1.4 2.7
College 38.8 41.4 37.6 38.9 39.1 33.8 39.6 42.5
Advanced/ 54.8 39.8 52.5 39.5 53.4 43.8 50.7 33.8Professional
Has Met with Child’s Teacher
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________
Yes 90.9 93.0 92.6 90.8
No 9.0 6.9 7.3 9.1
DK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Has Attended PTA Meeting
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
____________________________________________
Yes 74.0 71.8 72.8 67.6
No 25.5 27.6 24.7 31.7
DK 0.3 0.5 2.4 0.6
Ref 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Has Acted as School Volunteer
Nation Chi metro Ill other Iowa
_______________________________________
Yes 52.7 52.6 45.5 53.8
No 47.0 47.3 54.4 46.1
DK 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ref 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Contact with School Officials
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________________
No good contact 11.5 14.8 10.16.8
Good contact 88.2 88.9 89.793.1
Attitude of Public Toward Latino Immigrants
Iowa_______________________________________
Very/somewhat unwelcoming 43.5
Welcoming/very welcoming 54.0
Dk/Rf 3.2
Most Important National Problem
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
___________________________________
Economy 13.4 18.3 17.1 9.7Unemp. 4.4 5.3 1.5 6.3Illegal imm. 11.3 12.5 16.0 14.9Other 9.6 9.0 8.2 9.8Iraq war 31.4 28.1 23.7 33.0DK/Ref 13.4 11.4 18.7 12.3
Most Important Problem for Latinos
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Economy 6.7 6.5 9.2 4.0Unemployment 12.1 12.6 10.1 12.0Education 9.0 13.6 8.8 4.2Illegal Imm. 29.7 28.7 28.3 31.6Something else 11.5 11.9 11.6 14.8Race relations 4.5 2.8 3.0 5.5DK/Ref 17.5 14.3 16.9 18.1
Fair Treatment by Police?
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
______________________________________
Yes 48.2 50.5 48.1 48.2
No 39.5 38.9 42.1 40.0
DK 12.2 10.4 9.6 11.6
Keep Troops in Iraq as Long as Necessary to Stabilize
Nation Chi metro Ill other Iowa
______________________________________________
Oppose 59.9 64.2 61.0 55.1
Support 24.3 19.6 24.0 28.0
Not Sure 15.5 15.9 14.7 16.6
Government Should Provide Incometo Those Who Need It
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________
Oppose11.3 12.1 9.5 8.8
Support80.1 77.8 84.9 82.5
Not Sure 8.5 9.8 5.3 8.4
Current Health Care System Needs Government Intervention
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________________Oppose 8.1 7.4 9.4 7.8
Support 82.4 81.2 77.9 81.2
Not sure 9.3 11.2 12.4 10.8
Undocumented Immigrants Should be Charged Higher College Tuition
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa_____________________________________________
Oppose 78.2 72.4 85.9 78.6
Support 14.2 11.3 11.6 14.1
Not Sure 7.4 6.0 2.2 7.1
Use of Matricula Consular as Acceptable Form of ID for Immigrants
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa____________________________________________
Oppose 18.8 11.6 11.5 17.9
Support 65.3 76.1 82.8 66.7
Not Sure 15.8 12.1 5.4 15.2
Use Standardized Tests for Grade Promotion/High School Graduation
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________
Oppose27.8 24.8 25.4 28.9
Support55.0 54.3 56.9 56.2
Not Sure 16.9 20.8 17.6 14.7
Fund Public Schools so All Have Same Amount Per Student
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Oppose 7.2 3.5 10.0 7.9
Support 82.8 86.2 78.8 81.2
Not Sure 9.8 10.0 11.0 10.7
School Vouchers for Private School, Even if Takes Away from Public Schools
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Oppose 37.9 30.7 23.6 45.6
Support 46.3 52.4 61.4 42.7
Not Sure 15.6 16.7 14.8 11.5
Replace Multi-year Bilingual Instruction with English Only After One Year
Nation Chi metro Ill other Iowa
_______________________________________Oppose 42.8 47.6 39.2 49.9
Support 44.0 39.0 50.5 37.1
Not Sure 12.9 13.1 10.1 12.8
Government Should Provide Income Support to Those Who Cannot Adequately
Support Themselves
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Oppose 12.0 8.9 14.5 12.9
Support 75.6 80.4 82.2 76.6
Not Sure 12.2 10.4 3.1 10.3
Same Sex Couples
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Legally Marry 19.8 22.4 19.7 22.4
Civil Union 7.0 7.6 10.0 6.4
No Legal 32.1 22.6 18.0 31.7Recognition
DK 40.9 47.2 52.1 39.4
Abortion Should Be…
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa_______________________________________
Legal in All 10.5 12.8 11.0 5.8Circumstances
Legal in Most 7.4 8.6 6.1 8.4Circumstances
Legal When 48.2 47.2 46.1 53.2Necessary to SaveMother
Illegal 20.1 14.7 22.0 19.6
Unsure 13.6 16.5 14.6 12.8
Public Health Clinics/Hospitals in Spanish in Your Community?
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Yes 79.9 83.3 71.4 77.1
No 12.0 9.1 23.6 16.2
DK 6.9 6.3 4.9 5.9
Refused 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.6
Police/Law enforcement, Courts/Legal Representation in Spanish?
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Yes 69.4 67.2 64.1 61.8
No 17.3 19.11 25.4 25.7
DK 12.0 11.9 10.3 11.5
Refused 1.1 1.7 0.0 0.7
Information from Public Schools in Spanish?
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
______________________________________Yes 78.0 83.8 75.4 75.5
No 11.4 8.5 15.0 16.0
DK 9.2 6.3 9.5 7.6
Refused 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.7
Neighborhood Impacted by Pollution, Toxic Waste, Landfills?
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________No 65.2 67.4 70.1 71.6
Yes 29.3 25.0 26.6 25.1
DK 5.3 7.4 3.1 3.0
Pollution, Toxic Waste More, Less, or Equally Likely to be Located in Minority
Neighborhoods?
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
______________________________________
More/Equally 50.2 51.6 60.4 52.5
Likely
Less Likely 28.5 27.9 19.8 28.6
DK/Ref 21.1 20.4 19.6 18.6
Your Views: ImmigrantsEffects on American Society
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Strengthen 91.0 95.3 94.7 92.5Country
A Burden 8.9 4.6 5.2 7.4On Country
Preferred Immigration Policy Proposals
Nation Chi metro other Ill Iowa
_______________________________________Legalization 42.5 45.1 46.3 41.1
Guest worker 31.4 33.7 32.4 32.9Leading tolegalization
Guest worker 11.6 8.8 8.6 13.0Permits legalizationClose border 4.5 3.3 3.8 3.2
None 9.7 8.7 8.7 9.6
Additional Information Regarding
Latino National Survey
Latino National Survey
• Executive Summary• Demographic Tables• Background Tables
• Questionnaire and Toplines
Available at the website of the Washington Institute for the Study of Ethnicity, Race, and Sexuality (WISER),
University of Washington, Seattle:
http://depts.washington.edu/uwiser/LNS.shtml