*Bio-diversities and adaptabilities of different species of plants in its

locating natural environments(top)

*The developing process of natural living organisms and its biological

formation hierarchies(bottom)

We are focusing on architectural design process considering the design objectives being fully measur-able and quantified during the whole process. We try to develop a performance oriented design method, with building performances set as ultimate design problem and propose respective design concept and strategy to achieve innovative and integrated schemes that resulting improvements in performance criteria and contribute to an optimized solution.

The development of design is adopting biological formation process and mechanism of natural struc-tures, contributes to the concept of bio-morphological design method. Regarding to the formation of natural and living structures, they have been gradually evolved to respond to the pressure of sur-rounding environments, which established a mechanism well adapting to the changing conditions and emerging the most efficient typology of its kind. The emerged structures is purely driven by natural mechanism, in pursue of sustainability and adaptation.

The generative design process is trying to transform the constructive procedure of natural growth into architectural design procedures in a bottom-up manner to initiate design with compositional ele-ments, directed by the development process of building components itself, and focusing on how to establish the chain interaction and development rules of basic elements. With a set of rules and con-straints, along with initial conditions, each element then start to interact with each other and trans-form themselves to converge to a building component which forming the design solution.

BiologicalHierarchy

AdaptiveCharacteristics

*Diagram of order of generative sub-processes and generation/optimization

loop description

Meanwhile, the generation process reversely initiate from a

bottom up manner based on the mechanism of natural

growth, which begins with the compositing elements gen-

erate from former input to behave and cooperate with each

other by coordination of the system that gradually forming

the entire geometry of the building.

One of the major breakthroughs in the project respect to generative design is the generation of three-

dimensional architectural geometry, conquering the difficulties in shape exploration for its complexity

and unpredictability when manipulating the forms and dimensions of a building, in respect to better

performance/quality.

Considering the intension of optimizing energy efficiency regard to maximizing natural daylight, one of

the principle concepts during the design process should concern the interference of shadow cast onto

the building from the surrounding conditions.This could be revised during earlier phase of a design

process like site planning, arranging building location and development of building form and geome-

tries.

As for energy efficiency, the system also takes account for indoor heat gain caused by arbitrary building

form and orientation from previous shadow performance evaluation process. Regarding solar radiation

being a decisive factors in architectural design which contribute to serious impact of indoor comfort and

conditioning energy load. The system tend to avoid ill- defined building orientations which large areas of

the building envelope being hit by direct solar rays and absorbing the most solar radiation causing the

raise of temperature for indoor environments.

*Building contour generation process from congregated grid-cell of shadow perfor-

mance(top)

*Solar radiation analysis of building geometrical alterna-

tives from GA iteration and respective generation process

(middle)

*Unfolded surface solar radia-tion remap from alternatives

(bottom)

original structure

deformed structure

The design system aim at reducing structural deformation of irregular floor system which concerning

load-cases of self-weight and loads from its program requirements. The structural performative design

start with the generative process of column positioning, developing ideal structural layout based on

loading scenario to minimize respective deformations. The concept is to first applies regular hexagonal

tessellations as structural grid system and locate three supporting columns to the most efficient positions

for which the loading active area of each column could cover as much area without overlapping to

reduce the maximum displacement of the structure from the FEM analysis.

The next phase of the process is focusing on structural behavior-based optimization, responding to the

FEM analysis of the initial structural systems with its loading/supporting conditions, developing evolu-

tionary structural morphology with respect to a multi-story building system. The hexagonal tessellations

of the floor supporting grid system will undergone a series of self-organization process, one of the main

Intention is to achieve structural tessellation optimization from the feedbacks of the analysis as

stress/strain energy as the optimization process input and modify the design accordingly to generate

alternatives which being more structurally efficient. Each member would initiate transformations of its

geometry according to its FEM analysis results, meantime associated with other elements keeping the

joint connections of the grid system while achieving emerged morphology. From the tessellation

emerged from this dynamic relaxation method, the evolved hexagonal structural pattern would have

varying densities which the hexagon shapes are being resized, the generative mechanism will try to con-

gregate materials in the places most needed.

*FEM analysis of floor structural behavior regard-

ing to displacements(top)

*Generation alternatives regarding to structural system

displacements(middle)

*Further FEM analysis examining structural behavior improvements of re-organized

structural system relate to the original(bottom)

The main idea being focused on the energy efficiency of the building, which extended from the inten-

tion of pursuing sustainability, by minimizing energy consumption of the building, especially for the part

related to solar affection. The generative process of the system is designed to facilitate natural daylight.

During this phase of the process, the system focus on building envelope openings contribute to desirable

indoor luminance level. The system manipulate the sizes and dimensions fully based on achieving the

objective of having evenly lighten floor area by the sunlight with desired luminance level, featuring

adaptive mechanism considering the solar interaction with the building and the varying room depth

throughout the space.

The generative process of envelope openings is fully associated with envelope solar radiation. For which

the daylight performance and solar radiation affections are both simultaneously considered to avoid

large openings in critical areas which contribute to the rise of temperature of indoor environment. The

opening sizes are in relate to varying values of envelope radiation which initially deviating the opening

sizes from the beginning of the design. This contributes to solar adaptive and dynamic varying patterns

of openings emerged from the generation process. Another major approach introduced is the categori-

zation of openings according to its orientations. Each group of the openings is controlled by respective

independent variables manipulating the sizes to cooperatively achieve desired luminance level at every

floor area. For which the openings become adaptive to their conditions.

*Layout of hexagon building openings presenting the relation of opening sizes respect to radia-tion level by introducing analysis

results as system factors(top)

*Categorization of openings according to its orientation,

range in 15 degrees for each group and covering

from color blue to red (bottom left)

*Floor daylight level simulation of proposed opening patterns

generated from GA iteration expressing uniformly distributed luminance throughout the area

(bottom right)

*Rendering of final generated design solution of the project

from the three optimization loops(top left)

*Explosion diagram of final generated solution

(top right)

*Elevations & sections of final design solution

(bottom)

void of structure system grid beam of structure system

column

*Rendering of final generated solution of the project from

the three optimization loops(top left)

*Floor structure system morphology diagram of final generated solution

>>level 2/level 3/level 5(top right)

*Elevations of final generated solution(left) north façade

(right) south facade(bottom)

The design method can deliver objective fulfilling design alternatives to architects for further selection and comparison. Furthermore, the pro-posed methodology has become an approach to support design deci-sions in problem solving or performance requiring considerations. The design method can also provide design diversity by the multiple solutions developed through the generation process, for these presenting alterna-tives all being satisfy with design goals but have different design configu-rations in form, space and appearance, etc.

The method features rapid generation of design schemes relate to desired performances, delivered in a comparatively short amount of period. With script modeling and digital building information, the design method pres-ents flexìbilities in design modifications required during a project between architectural firms and construction company. Through the progressions of current computational capacities, we’re now more than ever having the possibilities to facilitate digital design tools and resources to integrate with architectural design process. These revolutions in design process have become accessible with low threshold of knowledge without challenging requirements. Architects have greatly benefit by rather simplified digital design instruments and environments for architectural designs.

Gain experience and knowledge regarding to the development of a performative/generative design method and its compositing procedures. The established building design work-flow can efficiently deliver knowl-edge of hierarchy and interrelation of building components based on associative design approach. When implementing design method, it requires clear-defined design Logic/framework that transforming needed geometries from raw information passed down by former processes. Con-clude as some of the literature that fully generative process in developing 3D building form/system may be a tough challenge. During script model-ing, the data-flow processing mechanism is rather complicate and inter-twined, regarding to each branch of data needed to process individually through the same procedure. For generative process, all the sub-pro-cesses and clusters are strongly interrelated and dependent with each other, the organization of each package of data become a major task during the process.

We expect application of the design method and process in practical architectural projects for early stage development of design, and gradu-ally become a standard design procedure as part of the method or the entire process being implemented in delivering final design solutions. The design method features possibilities to integrate any developing CAD technologies and digital design instruments, contribute to extension from concept Creation to detail development. For instance, the developing connections with standards as IFC to build BIM model representation. It is desirable to establish the design process into a design system which pro-viding clear-defined procedures and components that resulting a more specific operability. For the design system, it’s containing all the facilitated design tools, modeling environments and software packages that the system being ready for utilization by architects to implement in design projects.