quinquennial review team · 2019-12-23 · 1. introduction 1 2. process 2 2.1. briefing by the icar...

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14)

NCIPM

National Centre for Integrated Pest ManagementLal Bahadur Shastri Building, Pusa Campus

New Delhi 110 012, India

Tel.: 91-011-2584393525740951, 25740952, 25843985

Fax: 91-011-25841472, E-mail: [email protected]

Web:www.ncipm.org.in

REPORT OF THE QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM

on

National Centre for Integrated Pest Management

for 2008-14

NCIPM

S.No. Subject Page no.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. PROCESS 2

2.1. Briefing by the ICAR 2

2.2. Presentations 2

2.3.Laboratory visits and Interaction with Scientists 2

2.4. Visit to Experimental Sites 2

3. REPORT 2

3.1. Brief History 2

3.2. Mandate of the Centre 3

3.3. Priorities, Programmes and Projects 4

3.4. Structure and Organization 32

3.5. Management Practices 33

3.6. Collaboration 33

4. OVERALL ASSESSMENT 39

5. CONSOLIDATED RECOMMENDATIONS 39

CONTENTS

S.No. Subject Page no.

6. LIST OF APPENDICES 45

Appendix I: Letter from ICAR and Master Plan map 46

Appendix II: Action taken on previous QRT recommendations 52

Appendix III: QRT Schedule 55

Appendix IV: List of Projects 56

Appendix V: Tables cited in the text 61

Appendix VI: List of staff members 72

Appendix VII: List of scientific equipment 75

Appendix VIII: Year-wise expenditure 81

Appendix IX: List of CIPMCs and KVKs 83

Appendix X: ISO certification 96

Appendix XI: Minutes of the meeting 97

Appendix XII: List of research publications 98

A3P : Accelerated Pulse Production ProgrammeAICRP : All India Coordinated Research ProjectAINP : All India Network ProjectANGRAU : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural UniversityASP : Active Server PagesBCKV : Bidhan Chandra Krishi ViswavidyalayaBMP : BitmapBSKVV : Baba Saheb Sawant Konkan Krishi VidyapeethBt : Bacillus thuringiensisCFU : Colony Forming UnitCPCT : Centre of Protected Cultivation TechnologyCRIDA : Central Research Institute for Dryland AgricultureCROPSAP : Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory ProjectCRRI : Central Rice Research InstituteCRURRS : Central Rainfed and Upland Rice ResearchStationCSAUA&T : Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and TechnologyDAC : Department of Agriculture and CooperationDARE : Department of Agricultural Research and EducationDAT : Days After TransplantingDMRT : Duncan’s Multiple Range TestDPPO&S : Directorate of Plant Protection and Quarantine DRR : Directorate of Rice ResearchEPN : Entomopathogenic NematodesETL : Economic Threshold LevelFP : Farmers’ PracticesFYM : Farm Yard ManureGIS : Geographic Information SystemHaNPV : Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis VirusIARI : Indian Agricultural Research InstituteIASRI : Indian Agricultural Statistics Research InstituteICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchICRISAT : International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid TropicsICT : Information and Communication TechnologyIFOAM : International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement IGKVV : Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa VidyalayaIIHR : Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchIIPR : Indian Institute of Pulses ResearchIIVR : Indian Institute of Vegetable ResearchIPM : Integrated Pest ManagementIRC : Institute Research CommitteeJNKVV : Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalayaK : Potash

ACRONYMS

KVK : Krishi Vigyan KendraMAU : Marathwada Agricultural UniversityMLR : Multiple Linear RegressionsMoA : Ministry of AgricultureMPKV : Mahatama Phule Krishi VidyapeethMPUAT : Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and TechnologyN : NitrogenNAARM : National Academy of Agricultural Research ManagementNAIP : National Agricultural Innovation ProjectNARS : National Agricultural Research SystemNASC : National Agricultural Science CentreNATP : National Agricultural Technology Project NBAII : National Bureau of Agriculturally Important InsectsNCIPM : National Centre for Integrated Pest ManagementNDUAT : Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and TechnologyNFSM : National Food Security MissionNICRA : National Initiative on Climate Resilient AgricultureNISPM : National Information System for Pest ManagementNPRC : National Pulse Research CentreP : PhosphorusPAU : Punjab Agricultural UniversityPBND : Peanut Bud Necrosis DiseasePDA : Potato Dextrose AgarPDKV : Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethPME : Priority Setting, Monitoring and EvaluationQRT : Quinquennial Review TeamRAC : Research Advisory CommitteeRARS : Regional Agricultural Research StationRTPS : Real Time Pest SurveillanceRRS : Regional Research StationSAU : State Agricultural UniversitySlNPV : Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis VirusSMD : Sterility Mosaic DiseaseSMS : Short Message ServiceSMW : Standard Meteorological WeekSVBPUAT : Sardar Vallabh bhai University of Agriculture and TechnologyTMC MM : Technology Mission on Cotton- Mini MissionTNAU : Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityTRRI : Tamil Nadu Rice Research InstituteUAS : University of Agricultural SciencesVPKAS : Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan SansthanWBPH : White Backed Plant HopperYSB : Yellow Stem BorerZARS : Zonal Agricultural Research Station

NCIPM

The members of QRT extend warm thanks to (i) the Director General, Indian Coun-cil of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, for giving the opportunity to review the work of NCIPM for the period 2008-14; (ii) the DDG (CS) for kindly briefing the Com-mittee about the importance of the review and Council’s expectations for future develop-ments; (iii) ADG (PP) for his active participation in the work of the team; and (iv) the Director and scientists and staff of NCIPM, functionaries and scientists of various ICAR institutes, State Agricultural Universities, State Agricultural Departments and farmers participating in the NCIPM programmes for extending unstinted cooperation, courtesy and hospitality. The Committee would also like to place on record deep appreciation for (i) Dr. R.K. Tanwar, Member Secretary, QRT for his untiring efforts for providing logistic support for QRT meetings and for his help in preparing the report; (ii) Mr. Vikas Kanwar for kindly providing necessary documents /information from time to time; (iii) Sh. S. P. Singh, Assistant Chief Technical Officer for making flawless arrangements for QRT’s visits to various NCIPM programmes in the country, and (iv) Ms. Neelam Mehta of NCIPM and Mr. Zile Singh, Secretary of the Chairman QRT, for their assistance in the prepara-tion in this report.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14) ix

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The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) constituted a Quinquennial Review Team (QRT) in September 2012 to review the work of the National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM), New Delhi during the period 2008-12, which was later extended to 2008-14, and recommend its future research thrust. The team had a series of meetings between February, 2013 and April, 2014 and visited the field trials of NCIPM laid in collaboration with participating Centres of ICAR institutes, SAUs, and AICRPs in the selected target areas covering different agro climatic regions. In-depth discussions with the scientists of NCIPM and interactions with stake-holders in meetings with farmers during the field visit were very useful in reviewing the performance of the Centre, and developing roadmap for future development to address the major current and emerging challenges of IPM.

Dr. S.K. Datta, DDG (CS) briefed the QRT members about the important issues, which may be addressed while reviewing contribution of NCIPM. He emphasized that the QRT may examine the role of NCIPM in un-dertaking new technologies and addressing environmental issues. He firmly felt the need for a greater visibility of IPM programmes in the country.

In the first meeting of the QRT, Dr. C. Chattopadhyay, Director, NCIPM highlighted the achievements of the Centre and presented a Vision for the future. Presentations were also made by all the scientists working at the Centre highlighting the progress made during the period under review. This was followed by visit of QRT members to different laboratories and detailed discussions with individual scientists about their research pro-grammes and achievements. Interactions with scientists provided opportunity to view the actual data collected by the scientists, their publications in the form of research papers and technical bulletins, and the products de-veloped by them. The QRT visited various field trials of the Centre in Rajasthan, West Bengal, Karnataka, Gu-jarat and Uttar Pradesh. At all the places interactive meetings were held with the farmers involved in NCIPM programmes and the field workers trained in IPM.

NCIPM was established on February 12, 1988 at Faridabad with a Regional Station for Biological Control (RSBC) at Bangalore, and in January 1995 it was moved to IARI Campus. NCIPM was visualized as a Centre to provide an interface between research, development and application of IPM technologies. In 1993 the RSBC was delinked from NCIPM and upgraded to a National Directorate and later as National Bureau. NCIPM made modest beginning in 1995-1996 through synthesis and validation of IPM modules for cotton, rice, chickpea and mustard. The success story of IPM in cotton during 1996-1998 in Maharashtra was exemplary and provided a model for development of similar modules for other crops and regions. The Centre has also developed fore-warning models for Helicoverpa armigera and potato aphids.

The Centre has played an important role in training the trainers since 1996. During the last decade, the Centre has successfully elevated IPM paradigm from individual farm to area-wide pest management across the crops and regions through net-works of partnerships and collaborations. The highlights of the Centre are e-pest surveillance and management advisory system in identified crops. Integration of electronic net-working and human resource development has resulted in effective pest management practices in different regions and

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14) x

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transfer of field data directly to the main server at NCIPM. Presently, NCIPM envisages larger role in making IPM more effective across the country through higher levels of integration of multi-disciplinary technologies and of stakeholders by means of improved research, education, training and extension for an enhanced crop and ecological health, and sustainable agricultural growth.

Major contributions of the Centre are related to validation and dissemination of IPM in the targeted crops (rice, cotton, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits). During 2008 to 14, area covered under IPM programmes in different target crops increased from 658-1587 ha. It is a marginal increase in the area covered by the IPM programmes propelled by the Centre. During 2008-14 the Centre has established e-Pest Surveillance and Advisory System covering 14 States with emphasis on Maharashtra and Odisha. This programme has resulted in reduction in the use of insecticides for pest management without compromising the productivity of crops.

The IPM module developed by the Centre for pest management in basmati rice was found to be very ef-fective in Uttarakhand, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in trials covering 20 to 200 ha. Economic impact of these trials could not be ascertained as the farmers did not maintain appropriate records of their inputs and outputs. However, the farmers in the village Bambawad were very happy as the IPM resulted in reduced incidence of pests and diseases in their fields.

IPM and National Information System for Pest Management (NISPM) programmes in cotton resulted in significant reduction in chemical pesticide application and increase in the use of bio-control agents and botani-cals. The farmers in Dhawat village showed keen interest and awareness in identifying harmful and beneficial insects and selecting appropriate treatments for managing pest population. IPM practices helped in increasing cotton productivity by 20-25%. The IPM modules developed by the Centre for cotton also gave significant re-duction in mealybug infestation in Punjab.

IPM also showed good promise in pulse production. A major impact of IPM was observed in improving productivity of pigeonpea in Karnataka. Higher productivity in pigeonpea helped the farmers of Afzalpur vil-lage in establishing their own Dal mill and establishing a Farmers’ Cooperative Society. Farmers claimed this could be achieved mainly due to the introduction of IPM. However, availability of bio-control agents in the area is a constraint.

IPM practices have been effective in reducing pest and disease incidence in groundnut, mustard and soy-bean. In mustard (Brassica juncea) at Alwar, IPM practices including application of bio-control agents, FYM, and gypsum gave significant reduction in the incidence of Sclerotinia rot, which is a serious problem in major mustard growing areas

IPM practices have also been effective in reducing pests and diseases in vegetables like tomato, brinjal, bell pepper, chilli, onion, cauliflower, cabbage and fruits particularly mango, pomegranate and banana. In protected cultivation grafting of seedlings of tomato and cucumber on resistant/tolerant root stocks gave high degree of tolerance to root-knot nematode. The infestation by root-knot nematode was also reduced in greenhouses by the application of FYM and selected fumigants.

NCIPM has pioneered e-pest and pest advisory system. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is being used to collect and transfer field data on pests and diseases in different crops. The data are ac-cessible to SAUs for issuing advisories to farmers and extension workers. This programme has been successfully implemented in large areas under NISPM and crop pest surveillance programme. Under the new initiatives on Technical Assistance Programme in Africa, this activity has also been extended to Malawi (Africa) in their cot-ton programme in 2013-14.

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14) xi

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The real time pest surveillance helped in predicting yellow stem borer in rice, Spodoptera litura in ground-nut, and Helicoverpa armigera in pigeonpea. Weather-based criteria have been developed for predicting pests and diseases affecting the identified crops. The Centre has recorded emergence of several pests and diseases, and natural enemies of insect pests.

The Centre has been very active in developing computer based expert system for quick and effective dis-semination of information to the target users. A GIS-based automated crop pest mapping system has been developed for major pests and diseases of soybean, cotton, chickpea and pigeonpea.

The Centre has patented two technologies, applied for patent for 11 technologies (including one Interna-tional Patent) and commercialized nine technologies.

The Centre has linkages with IARI, IASRI, SAUs (26), other ICAR Institutes (11), All-India Coordinated Research Projects (5), State Agricultural Departments (5), KVKs (13) and Industries (5).

NCIPM received the ICAR Outstanding Team Award in 2008 and National e-Governance Award in 2012. Dr. P. Jeyakumar (Senior Scientist) was awarded ‘Swami Sahajanand Saraswati’ Award by the ICAR in 2009. The Centre has been certified ISO 9001:2008 Management System on March 18, 2014, by Equalitas Certifica-tion Ltd.

The overall performance of NCIPM during 2008-2014 was found to be very good considering the limita-tions of human resource, physical infrastructure and restricted mandate. Looking at the success of IPM in man-aging pests and diseases of important crops in different agro-climatic zones, there is an urgent need to increase the area of coverage in the country. At present, only 3% of the total cropped area is covered by IPM. NCIPM should take lead in providing IPM umbrella for the entire country.

Recommendations of the QRT

For a wider impact of IPM in Indian agriculture and improving the visibility of NCIPM programmes, fol-lowing recommendations have been made for ICAR’s consideration and implementation.

1. Name and Mandate of the Institute:The current mandate of the Institute is restricted to development and promotion of IPM technologies and the establishment of linkages and collaborations. The research component of the Centre is completely missing from its name and mandate. In view of this, the following revised name and mandate are suggested:The name of the Institute may be changed to National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM), to harmonize it with the names of other National Research Centres of ICAR.

Revised Mandate of NCIPM

• Research, development, evaluation, validation and promotion of IPM technologies for major agricultural and horticultural crops.

• Surveillance and monitoring pest populations. • Teaching and training for human resource development in IPM.• Extend IPM technologies for agricultural and horticultural crops for

national coverage.• To establish national and international linkages.

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14) xii

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2. Priorities, Programmes and Projects:

The Institute has identified rice, cotton, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits as the thrust areas. IPM technologies which are being used in these crops were identified earlier. Not much research seems to have been done for improving these technologies, although their application has shown promise in cotton at Anand (Gujarat), rice at Bambawad (UP), pulses and chilli at Raichur (Karnataka) and Brassica at Alwar (Rajasthan).(i) Considering the gains in improving crop productivity, there is a need to give wider coverage to IPM across

the country in different crops. (ii) At present the IPM programmes of NCIPM are mainly based on insect pests and diseases caused by

fungi and nematodes. The Centre should also include the diseases caused by other pathogens.

(iii) The Centre should undertake strategic and basic research for development of new approaches and technologies for IPM.

(iv) Greater emphasis is required for economic analysis of different IPM technologies.

(v) Weeds are a major biotic constraint in enhancing crop productivity. There is a need to include weed management in IPM practices.

(vi) There is an urgent need for the Centre to develop crop-specific pictorial diaries to help farmers in identifying pests/diseases and their natural enemies, finding solutions and recording their own observations in the areas covered by IPM programmes.

(vii) The IPM technologies developed by the Centre need to be holistic and linked to ICM (Integrated crop management).

(viii) The Centre needs to develop mass-production technologies and train the Plant Protection Specialists of CIPM Centres, in collaboration with NBAII and NIHPM, for the production and quality management of bio-control agents and botanicals used in IPM.

(ix) Some IPM technologies require need-based chemical applications. In all such trials, residue analysis should be an integral component.

3. Structure and Organization:(i) Present organizational structure of NCIPM needs to be changed. (ii) Scientific staff: There is a need to balance the cadre strength in different disciplines.(iii) Technical Staff: Overall strength of Technical Staff may be increased from 12 to 32.

4. Infrastructure:NCIPM is facing constraint of laboratory space for research and area for field experiments. At the new upcoming campus at Mehrauli, the available land (about 3 ha) is barely sufficient for the proposed building of the Centre and its residential quarters, and no land would be available for field experiments. Therefore, the available land at Mehrauli may be utilized for field experiments. To overcome the constraint of lab space, additional lab space may be explored at IARI or the old NBAIM /NBPGR building at IARI Campus. The funds available for the new building may be utilized to refurbish the present and additional labs for efficient working environment.

5. Policies:(i) NCIPM should strengthen linkage with IARI, as per the communication of the Council of January 1995, (ii) There is an urgent need to establish an AICRP on IPM, to help the Centre developing strong linkages

with various ICAR’s crop-based institutes and All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs),

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14) xiii

NCIPM

and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) for validation, refinement and popularization of IPM. The AICRP on Honey Bee should also be interlinked for the biosafety of populations of honey-bees and other pollinators.

(iii) Strong linkages should be developed with Central IPM Centres of the DPPQ&S for developing ‘hubs’ to produce quality bio-agents, and implement and monitor NCIPM programmes across the country

(iv) Work plan for implementation and disseminations of IPM with the help of KVKs needs to be developed as the KVKs are provided with Subject Matter Specialists and are located throughout the country.

(v) Close collaboration needs to be developed with NBAII and NBAIM.(vi) NCIPM should have strong linkage with NIBSM, which will provide basic science-based support to IPM

progorammes

QUINQUENNIAL REVIEW TEAM (2008-14) 1

NCIPM

the programmes of NCIPM. The period of review was later extended from 2008 to March 2014 (vide office order F. No. 8(7)/07-IA.III dated April 29, 2014, Appendix I (a), page no.54). The constitution of QRT was conveyed vide office order F. No. 8(7)/2007-IA.III dated September 27, 2012 (Appendix I (b), page no. 55). The composition of the committee is as follows:

QRT Chairman

Dr. Anupam Varma, Adjunct Professor Division of Plant PathologyIndian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012Ph.: 011-25842134; [email protected]

QRT Members

Dr. A.N. Mukhopadhyay, Ex-Vice Chancellor Assam Agriculture UniversitySangini 151, Akanksha Udyan-II Raibarelly Road, Lucknow 226025 (Uttar Pradesh)

Dr. B.V. Patil, Vice Chancellor University of Agricultural SciencesRaichur, Post Box no. 329, UAS Campus Lingsugur Road, Raichur 584 102 (Karnataka)[email protected]

Dr. Virender Kumar, Professor (Agricultural Economics)Department of Agricultural Economics Extension Education & Rural SociologyCSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Palampur 176062 (Himachal Pradesh)[email protected]; [email protected]

Dr. D.J. Patel, Ex Principal & Dean42, Vishrud Park- II, Jitodia Road Anand 388001 (Gujarat)[email protected]

Member Secretary

Dr. R.K. TanwarPrincipal Scientist (Ag. Ento.)National Centre for Integrated Pest ManagementLBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi [email protected]; Mob.:9868843464

1. Introduction

A Quinquennial Review Team (QRT) was constituted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) on September 27, 2012 to review the contribution made by the National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM) for the period 2008-12 and recommend the plan for future strategies in scientific research and management of


NCIPM

and March 11, 2013. The team critically viewed the experimental field data collected in data sheets/ research records by scouts, extension material developed and research papers or technical bulletins published by the scientists during the period.

2.4 Visit to Experimental sitesThe QRT visited IPM validation trials in mustard

at Alwar in Rajasthan (February 22, 2013), rice at Chinsurah and vegetables at Kalyani in West Bengal (April 23, 2013), cotton at Anand in Gujarat (August 7, 2013), pulses at Bidar and Gulbarga (September 23-24, 2013) and chilli at Raichur (September 25, 2013) in Karnataka, basmati rice at Bambawad in District Gautam Budh Nagar of Uttar Pradesh (September 27, 2013) (Appendix III).

3. Report

3.1 Brief HistoryThe National Centre for Integrated Pest

Management (NCIPM) was established at Faridabad during VII Five-Year Plan to promote the development of environmentally sound and sustainable pest management strategies in major field crops. The Centre became functional on February 12, 1988 in a rented building at Faridabad. On April 1, 1988, the Regional Centre of Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (CIBC) at Bangalore was taken over by the ICAR, and it was made a Regional Centre of NCIPM for Biological Control along with All India Coordinated Research Project on Biological Control (AICRP-BC). During 1993, realizing the importance of biological control in sustainable agriculture, the NCIPM Regional Centre at Bangalore was upgraded to Project Directorate along with AICRP-BC. The NCIPM was shifted to the present location i.e. Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, IARI Campus, New Delhi in January 1995.

To initiate development and validation of IPM modules as a systematic approach to tackle major pest problems, rice, cotton, chickpea, mustard and linseed were identified as the mandate crops by the Research Advisory Committee (RAC) and the Institute

2. The Process

2.1 Briefing by the ICARA meeting of Dr. S.K. Datta, DDG (CS), Dr. T.P.

Rajendran, ADG (PP) with the QRT members was held on February 20, 2013 at NCIPM. The Director NCIPM was also requested to join. Dr. S. K. Datta briefed the QRT members about the important issues, which may be addressed while assessing the contribution of NCIPM, evaluating the strategies and activities planned for the next five-year period and the NCIPM Vision 2050. He also emphasized that the QRT may also examine the role of NCIPM in undertaking new technologies, like genetically modified biocontrol agents and nano-pesticides in the IPM programmes. There is also a need to address environmental issues related to the pesticides and biocontrol agents in IPM programmes. Overall, there is a need for a greater visibility of the IPM programmes in the country.

2.2 PresentationsIn the technical session held during February 20-

21, 2013, Dr. C. Chattopadhyay, Director NCIPM presented the Centre’s Achievements and Vision before the QRT. Mr. Vikas Kanwar, in-charge PME presented the recommendations of last QRT and the action taken report (Appendix II). During the presentation it was suggested by QRT members that the recommendations of the previous QRT, which have not been implemented, may also be addressed.

All the scientists presented their research work carried out during the last five years and projected the future technical plan. The observations of the QRT in different projects have been included at the end of the consolidated report.

2.3 Laboratory visits and interaction with scientists

The members of QRT visited all the laboratories of NCIPM and the ARIS Cell in the afternoon on February 20, 2013 to see and interact with individual scientists to discuss their research activities, including experimental plans, data recording procedure and constraints, if any, on February 20 and 21, 2013


NCIPM

Management Committee (IMC). It was visualized that NCIPM should work as an interface between research and development on the one hand and the stake-holders (mainly farmers) user industry on the other. Besides, it was also decided that the Centre would concentrate on database management on national pest problems and bring out farmer-friendly popular literature. A modest beginning was made during 1995-96 to initiate the synthesis and validation of IPM modules for cotton, rice, chickpea and mustard. The success story of IPM in cotton (1996-98) at Ashta (Maharashtra) became an exemplary approach for taking up further programmes of similar kind. Forewarning models for Helicoverpa armigera and potato aphids were developed based on long duration data on the pest received from ICRISAT and different AICRPs. Linkages were developed with the Directorate of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Pesticide Industry and SAUs. Training programmes were organised for master trainers and industry executives. Visits to villages and publication of literature were initiated from 1996-97 onwards.

The year 2001-02 for NCIPM was marked with intensive widening of IPM programmes in a large geographical area. Large-scale financial inputs in the form of newer projects, mainly from NATP, gave a fresh lease of impetus to the on-going IPM programmes of the Centre. Eight externally-funded new projects including three mission mode projects started off with NCIPM working as the lead centre in most of them. During the same year, IPM validation was also done for the first time in groundnut, pigeon pea, cabbage, tomato, apple and mango.

During the last one decade, the Centre has crossed many milestones, elevating IPM paradigm from individual farm to area-wide pest management across crops and regions through networks of partnerships and collaborations. The current highlights of the Centre are the e-pest surveillance based on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for large-scale real time pest monitoring and management advisory.

Effective and extensive implementation of e-pest surveillance and IPM among crops of rice, pulses and cotton had paid dividends in terms of improved yields and need-based use of pesticides. Crop of rice in Odisha, soybean and cotton in Maharashtra, pigeonpea and chickpea across five states viz., Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh were brought under the web enabled area wide real time surveillance-based pest management advisory system. Effective integration of electronic networking through development of customized software and supporting infrastructure and human resource development have made pest management very effective at regional level. Such a web interface has allowed faster and simultaneous flow of pest management issues to planners, researchers and extension functionaries.

Development of patentable mechanical devices such as light trap safer to beneficial insects, a ‘Bracon kit’ for enhancement of beneficial insects and data logger for recording and transferring field data directly to computer brought in renewal of interest in the use of mechanical devices under IPM. Presently, NCIPM envisages larger role in making IPM more effective across the country through higher levels of integration of multi-disciplinary technologies and of stakeholders by means of improved research, education, training and extension for an enhanced crop and ecological health, and sustainable agricultural growth.

3.2 Mandate of the Centre• To develop and promote integrated pest

management (IPM) technologies for major crop pests so as to sustain higher crop yields with minimum ecological implications

• To develop information base on all aspects of pest management and to advise on related national priorities and pest management policies

• To establish linkages and collaborative programmes with other national and


NCIPM

international institutes in the area of IPM

• To extend technical consultancies

3.3 Priorities, programmes and projects

3.3.1 Priorities

(i) Adoption of IPM techniques in crops demanding high pesticides, posing health and environmental risks: IPM techniques have been developed, validated and popularized in rice, cotton, vegetables (chilli, tomato, bell pepper, cabbage, cauliflower) and fruit crops as these crops demand higher chemical pesticides.

(ii) Development and validation of IPM technology for protected cultivation of crops.

(iii) Development and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in IPM

(iv) Trainings of trainers in IPM technology dissemination and adoptions.

3.3.2 Programmes

The Centre has five programmes for research and extension.

(i) Establishment of a National Network for Development of Area-Specific IPM Modules and Technologies for the Major Production Systems of Different Agro- Ecological Zones

(ii) Development of Database on Major Pests and Electronic Networking

(iii) Development of Models for Forewarning of Pests of National Importance

(iv) Socio-Economic Issues and Impact Analysis of IPM Technology

(v) Human Resource Development in IPM

3.3.3. Projects

During the period under report, the Centre operated 69 projects (Appendix IV), of which 51 were in-house projects, six funded by Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (Ministry of Agriculture, GOI), three funded by National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), two funded by Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), one funded by ICAR on National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture, one by Ministry of Commerce & Industries, one by DBT, one by Govt. of Maharashtra and three by private sector (one each by Modi Sugar Mill, BioBee Biological Pvt. Ltd. and World Wild Fund).

3.3.4. Achievements

3.3.4. 1.To develop and promote Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

While assessing the overall performance of NCIPM on the validation and dissemination of IPM, it has been observed that the IPM area under various programmes in different crops has increased (Table 1; Fig. 1) and some new crops have also been included, especially in vegetables and fruits. The Centre has established the e-pest Surveillance and Advisory System (eSAS) for monitoring the pest situation and issuing the advisories on weekly basis, based upon the pest scenarios. The system has been widely adopted in cotton, rice and pulses covering different states across the country and linking State Agricultural Universities, State Agricultural Departments, KVKs and other agencies (Fig. 2).To monitor the pest situation under changing climate, real time pest surveillance (RTPS) across 36 centres in 12 States for five target crops viz., rice (7), pigeonpea (10), groundnut (6), tomato (7) and mango (6) has been put in place and integrated with ICT for development of the centralized data base.


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Table 1: Area under IPM during the Quinquennial Review for the periods 2003-07 and 2008-14

ParticularsArea

2003-07 2008-14RICE Basmati:

Area: 400 haStates: Three (U.P., Haryana and Uttarakhand)Non-basmati: Nil

Basmati: Area: 690 haStates: Four (U.P., Haryana, Uttarakhand and Punjab)Non-basmati: Area: 242 haStates : Seven (U.P., Uttarakhand, Odisha, Punjab, W. Bengal, Assam and Tamil Nadu)

Cotton Institute Programme: Area: 28 ha State: Two (Haryana and Rajasthan)

Institute Progamme: Area:450 ha State: Two (Punjab and Tamil Nadu)

Externally funded e pest Surveillance and Advisory System: • Mealybug Awareness Programme in Punjab: 320

fixed and 160 random villages in 8 districts of Punjab

• NISPM: Area under IPM: 21002 ha.; Monitoring pest in 1120 fields spread over 280 villages in 13 districts in nine states

• CRoPSAP: Area: 3.9 million ha of cotton covering 271 talukas, 30,000 villages, 29 districts in Maharashtra,

TMC MM 3.1: Area: 3251 ha (606, 2016 and 629 ha by participation of 421, 496 and 1483 farmers in north, central and south zones, respectively, covering 60 villages).

PulSES Institute Programme Pigeon pea in 100 ha in southern Maharashtra; chickpea 80 ha in Rajasthan

Institute Programme: 50 ha in pigeonpea involving 20 farmers in Badnapur at Ambagaon in Maharashtrae-pest Surveillances and Advisory System

• CRoPSAP: 1.3 m ha of chickpea, 1.38 m ha of pigeonpea and 2.6 m soybean in Maharashtra

• NFSM: covering 5 states and 10 districts. The programme covered 20,000 ha of pigeonpea (470 villages) and 16,000 ha of chickpea (599 villages) in five states (U.P., M.P., MS, A.P. and Karnataka) under IPM in each year (three years) . The number of farmers covered were 14,767 in pigeonpea and 9526 farmers in chickpea

oIl SEEDS Institute ProgrammeMustard: 0.8 haGroundnut: 0.8 ha

Institute Programme: Groundnut: 25 ha in Hanumangarh and Udaipur in Rajasthan, and 10 ha at Kadiri mandal in A.P.Mustard: 63.5 ha in Alwar district of Rajasthan

NATP: Mustard: 40 ha (Gurgaon) e-pest Surveillances and Advisory System• CROPSAP: 2.5 million ha of soybean,

VEgETABlE CRoPS AND FRuITS (MANgo, BANANA , PoMEgRANATE

Institute ProgrammeOkra: 16 ha(Ghaziabad)Brinjal: 32 ha (Ghaziabad)

Tomato: 12 ha at Daluhera in MeerutCauliflower/cabbage: 24 ha at Palari (Sonipat, Haryana) and RajasthanCapsicum/cabbage/ginger in Mid Garhwal Hills of UttarakhandBell pepper: 60 ha in Karnal District of Haryana Chilli: 12 ha at Nelhal (Raichur)Onion: 4 ha at Karnal District (Haryana)Mango: 8 ha at Gujarat

Externally funded e-pest Surveillance and Advisory System• HORTISAP: Mango, pomegranate and banana in

Maharashtra


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Fig. 1: Relative area covered by IPM programmes of NCIPM during 2003-07 and 2008-14 in different crops

Institute Programmes during 2003-07

Rice Cotton Pulses Oil seed Vegetables and Fruits <10ha 10-25 ha >25ha

Institute Programmes during

2008-14




2008-14




2008-14


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2003-07 Cotton: TMC Centres

Fig. 2: Maps depicting the location of centres of e-pest Surveillance and Advisory network projects during 2003-07 and 2008-14


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Major contributions of the Centre are on validation and dissemination of IPM in the targeted crops (rice, cotton, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits). During 2008-14, area under Centre of IPM programme increased from 658 to 1587 hectares. It is a marginal increase in the area covered under IPM in the country by the Centre. The major contribution of the Centre during 2008-14 has been the establishment of e-pest surveillance and Advisory System covering 14 States with emphasis on Maharasthra and Odisha. This programme has resulted in reduction in the use of chemical insecticides for pest management without compromising the productivity of crops.

3.3.4.1.1 RICe

Basmati rice: NCIPM initiated the IPM validation trial at Baraut (Dist. Baghpat) during 1997-98 in an area of 10 ha in Pusa Basmati 1. During 1999, the trial was shifted to a nearby village, Shikohpur over an area of 40 ha which in subsequent years were extended to 120, 160 and 120 ha during 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. After the success of IPM validation at Shikohpur in Pusa Basmati -1, the technology was

Table 2: Area under IPM validation trial in basmati rice during 2008-2013 in three states

Kharif season uttarakhand(Dehradun)

Haryana(Sonipat district)

uttar Pradesh(gautam Budh

Nagar)

Doodhali Atterna Sibouli Bambawad

2008 20 ha 40 ha 40 ha

2009 25 ha 50 ha

2010 25 ha 50 ha 40 ha

2011 80 ha

2012 120 ha

2013 200 ha

Farmers’ participatory trials

Follow up visit to get feed back

taken to a new village Chhajpur Khurd (Panipat, Haryana) in another basmati rice variety Taraori local. At Chhajpur a total of 28, 80 and 140 ha area was under IPM during kharif 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. Gradually, the technology could spread to nearby 25 villages by horizontal growth. During 2005 to 2010 the technology was demonstrated in Dehraduni Basmati (Type 3) and Kasturi at Tilwari and Doodhali (Dehradun, Uttarakhand) in 40 and 25 ha, respectively. Simultaneously, the technology was extended to Atterna and Sibouli villages of Sonipat (Haryana) in 40 ha each during 2006-2010 in another IARI variety Pusa Sugandh-4 (1121), which was highly susceptible to bakanae (incidence ranging 30 -70%). The variety was released for commercial cultivation in kharif season of 2005 and by 2007 the variety has become quite popular with farmers, as it has higher yield. Accordingly, the IPM technology was modified, which could effectively manage the disease. During 2010 to 2014 IPM technology was demonstrated in 200 ha in Pusa 1121 at another location, Bambawad (District Gautam Budh Nagar, UP) (Table 2).

Common interventions for all areas are:

• Growing Sesbania (Dhaincha) or moong for green manuring: Use of green manuring in wetland rice had favourably influenced the availability of several plant nurtients, improved the physical conditions of the soil, increased water retention and reduced leaching losses of nutrients (IRRI, 1988; Tiwari, 1995;

Tilak, 2004). Sesbania was planted by middle of May and at 50-55 days, it was incorporated in soil during land preparation.

• Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 g/kg seed

• Planting of 2-3 seedlings/ hill

• Judicious application of fertilizer (60 N:50 P:40 K kg/ ha) and ZnSO

4 @ 25 kg/ha


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• Use of straw bundles (20/ha) for augmentation and conservation of spiders

• Release of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma japonicum @ 1,00,000/ha

• Manual weed management

Variable interventions adopted in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in Pusa 1121:

• Seedling root dipping in Pseudomonas fluorescens solution (3.0 X 1010 cfu; 5ml/litre of water)

At all the locations, incidence of insect pests and diseases remained low in IPM as compared to

Table 3: Yield and Benefit - Cost ratio in different basmati varieties of rice in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in Uttarakhand

Crop season

uttarakhand

Type 3 (Dedhraduni Basmati) Kasturi

Yield ( q/ha) B-C ratio Yield (q/ha) B-C ratio

IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

2008 28.2 23.5 4.9 3.9

2009 31.9 26.2 5.2 3.7 52.4 44.8 5.2 2.9

2010 32.2 27.9 5.0 3.9 65.2 46.0 5.1 3.9

Table 4: Yield and Benefit - Cost ratio in Pusa Basmati 1121 in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh

Crop season

Haryana uttar Pradesh

Atterna Sibouli Bambawad

Yield (q/ha) B-C ratio Yield (q/ha) B-C ratio Yield (q/ha) B-C ratio

IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

2008 41.0 35.8 6.4 5.3 36.0 30.5 5.5 4.5 - - - -

2009 - - - - 53.5 43.6 7.5 5.8 - - - -

2010 - - - - 48.5 38.5 5.8 4.0 33.2 16.2 3.8 1.8

2011 - - - - - - - - 33.9 20.9 2.4 1.4

2012 - - - - - - - - 39.8 33.2 3.6 2.8

2013 - - - - - - - - 34.63 27.69 5.16 3.66

Farmers’ Practices (FP) (Appendix V, Table i and ii). IPM technology resulted in increase in rice grain yield i.e., 15.4 to 21.8% in Type 3 and 17.0 to 41.8% in Kasturi in Uttarakhand (Table 3), 14.5 to 22.7% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana and 19.7 to 105.3% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Uttar Pradesh (Table 4) over FP. In all the basmati rice trials, higher yield as well as Benefit - Cost (B-C) ratio was obtained (Tables 3 and 4) in IPM as compared to FP i.e., 4.9 to 5.2 in IPM against 2.9 to 3.9 in FP in Uttarakhand (Table 3), 5.5 to 7.5 in IPM against 4.0 to 5.8 in FP in Haryana, 2.4 to 3.8 in IPM against 1.4 to 2.8 in FP in Uttar Pradesh (Table 4).

Samples of basmati grains collected from IPM and FP trials at Doodhali (Dehradun), Sibouli and Atterna villages (Sonepat) for analysis of tricyclazole, propiconazole, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pretilachlor and l-cyhalothrin indicated that the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) remained below the detectable level (< 0.001-0.05 µg/g) in all the samples.

(Environ Contam & Toxicol, 86: 307-313, 2011; Bull Environ Contam & Toxicol 81(4): 373-376, 2008)

IPM in organic basmati rice was demonstrated in Kaithal (Karnal, Haryana) in 50 ha in certified fields (grown as per IFOAM norms) under taraori rice. In organic rice, incidence of all pests except stem rot was less in IPM as compared to farmers’ practices (FP) but was at par with ITK except stem borer and BLB,


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where IPM proved better. In case of brown spot, ITK was found superior as compared to IPM and FP. The technology for organic production resulted 4.9% increase in yield over FP with higher B-C ratio i.e. 5.4 in organic against 3.6 in FP (Appendix V, Table iii).

(Indian J Agric Sci., 78: 862-867, 2008)

IPM was also promoted in basmati rice in Punjab (collaboration with PAU) and non-basmati rice in Uttar Pradesh (Collaboration with NDUA&T), Uttarakhand (Collaboration with VPKAS), Jharkhand and Odisha (collaboration with CRRI). IPM interventions resulted in higher yield as well B-C ratio in IPM as compared to FP at all the locations (Appendix V, Table iv).

Nematode hot spots: IPM technology for nematode was promoted in Akki hebbal (K.R. Pet, Mandya, Karnataka), Danichapori, Kocharipam Dergaon (Golaghat, Assam) and Kalyani (W. Bengal). IPM for nematode hot spots included the evaluation of four treatments i.e. nursery bed treatment with carbofuran @ 0.3 g/m2 followed by the field application @ 1.0 kg a.i/ha at 40 days after transplanting (T

1); application of P.

fluorescens @ 20 g/m2 in nursery beds (T2); Trichoderma

viride @ 10 g/kg of seeds as seed treatment (T3) and

untreated control (T4). A significant reduction in the

number of galls/seedling and nematode population with highest yield and economic returns were found in treatment T

1 followed by T

2 and T

3 (Appendix V,

Table v and vi).

QRT observations

The IPM module developed by the Centre for pest management in rice was found to be very effective for reducing the incidence of pests and diseases in the village Bambawad which adopted IPM programme. Some of the farmers of the area were very happy for IPM programme.

The QRT members during their visit to basmati rice at Bambawad advised the farmers that all the farmers should maintain the records for calculating the expenditure incurred on purchasing of different items to calculate the net gain at the end of crop season. The farmers were further advised to include the labour cost of family members while calculating the B-C ratio as most of the farmers do not include their own efforts as cost in wages.

In Ramchandrapur (West Bengal) root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola), infestation in Boro rice was a major problem. Application of carbofuran and P. fluorescens were not found very effective. The need was felt to modify the IPM package for Boro rice in West Bengal by incorporating P. fluorescens as a part of the treatment for managing nematodes in nursery and main crop. The QRT suggested further experimentation and validation for suitable modification of the IPM package.

3.3.4.1.2. CoTToN

Commercialization of Bt transgenic cotton during 2003 and its rapid expansion throughout the country brought a change in pest scenario. Minor / unseen pests, never reported earlier, attained the status of major pests. Mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis), a pest never reported earlier, made its appearance for the first time on Bt cotton in Gujarat in 2004 and became a threat to cotton by 2005-06. The pest entered into Punjab in 2006 along with Bt seed cotton and by 2007 acquired the status of major pest of cotton in all the eight cotton growing districts of Punjab causing a loss of `159 crore to the farmers in this state. Its epidemic in Punjab was threatening


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to spread to the adjoining states of Haryana and Rajasthan subsequently. Farmers were applying 10-12 rounds of insecticides, of which 8-10 rounds were to contain cotton mealybug. Baseline information collected from farmers of Ghasokhana village in Bhatinda district of Punjab (hot spot for mealybug) indicated that mean seed cotton yield was reduced to16 q/ha due to mealybug infestation. To manage the pest, NCIPM developed an IPM strategy. The main components of the strategy are:

• Removal of Parthenium and other weeds near residence premises, roads and railway line, dumping them in trenches and spray with Verticillium lecanii/chlorpyriphos (June to September)

• Application of chlorpyriphos in neglected fields having weeds such as Trianthema monogyna, Parthenium,etc., infested with mealybug

• Application of malathion dust around dry cotton sticks (carrier of mealybug for next cotton season) to prevent the spread of mealybug crawlers

• Monitoring cotton fields for mealybug and other pests at weekly interval

• Spot application of profenophos on the infested cotton plants

• Need-based application of profenophos (one) in August/September in highly infested fields

• Conservation of natural enemies, especially new parasitoids (Aenasius bambawalei)

• Need-based application of pesticides against sucking pests

Under the Mealybug Awareness Programme-Punjab (sponsored by Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India) IPM strategy was implemented during 2008-09 in eight districts of Punjab viz., Ferozepur, Moga, Faridkot, Muktsar, Bhatinda, Mansa, Barnala and Sangrur in collaboration with State Agriculture Department. The programme included the trainings to master trainers and distribution of extension materials among extension staff and farmers (Appendix V, Table vii). In Punjab, 320 fixed villages were covered under

the surveillance programme, whereas another 160 villages were randomly surveyed at weekly intervals. Based on surveillance data, the mealybug hotspots were identified and pest alerts were issued to the staff of State Agriculture Department, Punjab for effective and timely management of the pest.

The technology was also validated during 2008 in 450 acres in Ghasokhana village (Bhatinda district, Punjab) in farmers’ participatory mode at village level. The technology resulted in significant reduction in mealybug infestation in IPM as compared to Farmers’ Practices (FP). The average seed cotton yield of 27.0 q/ha was recorded in IPM as against 23.0 q/ha in FP.

During field surveys in July-August 2008, an efficient natural bio control agent, Aenasius bambawalei (Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) (a new species) was recorded for the first time on mealybug, P. solenopsis on different host plants such as cotton, Parthenium hysterophorus, Xanthium strumarium, Achyranthesaspera, etc. One hyperparasitoid, Promuscidea unfasciativentris (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) (first record in India) was also recorded in mealybug colonies. Awareness among the farmers as well as dissemination of advisory on need-based application of chemical pesticide against mealybug resulted in reduction in the chemical pesticide sprays to spot application or one application of pesticide. In 2008-09 and the subsequent seasons, the mealybug was successfully managed and later on the epidemic situation did not occur in Punjab.

Under NISPM location-specific IPM was demonstrated in Bt cotton in 280 villages in 13 intensive cotton growing districts in nine states across the country in collaboration with SAUs, KVKs and Research Institutes.

Implementation of IPM under NISPM resulted in significant reduction in number of pesticide sprays in IPM fields (4.0 sprays) as compared to non-IPM fields (6.2 sprays). Bio-pesticides including botanicals were used to an extent of 36.9% of total insecticide sprays in IPM fields as compared to 7.6% in non-IPM fields. Cost of insecticide sprays was reduced to ` 2366/ha in IPM against ` 3718 in non-IPM fields (Table 5).


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3.3.4.1.3. PulsEs

Large scale validation of IPM technology in pigeonpea was carried out in 50 ha involving 20 farmers in collaboration with ARS, Badnapur at Ambagaon (Maharashtra). IPM included:

• Application of FYM enriched with Trichoderma

• Adoption of University released variety

• Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. (10 g/kg of seeds) against wilt

• Intercropping with sorghum

• Fixing of pheromone traps @ 5 /ha for monitoring

• Physical shaking of plants to dislodge grownup larvae

• Spray of HaNPV @ 450 LE/ha

• Spray of crude neem extract 5% (NSKE)

• Use of chemical based strategies under high pest load

Local variety in the area was replaced with cv.BSMR-853. Farmers were provided with Trichoderma and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) (mass multiplied at University and Badnapur Research Station), pheromone traps, neem oil and need-based pesticide.

At Ambagaon, incidence of wilt, Phytopthora blight and Helicoverpa remained significantly low in IPM as compared to FP. The pod borer damage remained 8.0% in IPM as against 13.6% in FP and an increase in grain yield of 23.0 kg/ha was recorded in IPM. IPM technology was also successfully demonstrated in chickpea in collaboration with different AICRP centres and two State Farm centres.

Table 5: Pesticides spray and seed cotton yield in IPM and non-IPM fields under NISPM

Year

Number of insecticide spray Cost of insecticide spray/ha (in `)

Average seed cotton yield (kg/ha)

IPM Non-IPM IPM Non-IPM IPM Non-IPM

2008-09 4.2 6.3 2071 2924 2043 1850

2009-10 4.1 6.5 2234 3193 2040 1775

2010-11 3.9 6.0 2475 4246 2138 1841

2011-12 3.7 6.1 2685 4510 2107 1850

Mean 4.0 6.2 2366 3718 2082 1829

Accelerated Pulse Production Programme (A3P) was implemented during 2010-11 for increasing chickpea and pigeonpea production through intensive application of IPM under NFSM covering 5 states and 10 districts. Under the programme 36 Nuclear Model units have been set up to cover 20,000 ha of pigeonpea (470 villages) and 16,000 ha of chickpea (599 villages) under IPM. The number of farmers covered was 14,767 in pigeonpea and 9,526 farmers in chickpea. During 2012-13, the A3P has been extended to lentil, green gram and urd bean in 13 major pulse-growing states covering 1,14,000 ha, 106 blocks, 576 villages and 23,594 farmers. During 2013-14, a total of 173 Nuclear IPM villages were developed to validate and demonstrate working and effectiveness of different IPM strategies.

Implementation of A3P during 2013-14 resulted in reduction of pest incidence and pesticides application (Appendix V, Table viii) with 15-18% increase in yield on farmers’ fields as compared to non-A3P farmers. Centralized online e-National Pest Reporting and Alert System, established at NCIPM through networking of pulse growers, has helped the A3P registered farmers to adopt appropriate measures for minimizing the pest infestation on pulses through provision of critical IPM inputs.

QRT observations

QRT visited Magadal village of Humnabad block in Bidar district of Karnataka on September 23, 2013, where IPM trial has been carried out in pigeonpea at village level. The team visited pigeonpea field of Sh. Basavaraj Gadi (area 3 acre) and interacted


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with farmers present in the field. Because of IPM interventions, IPM farmers could get higher yield (Av. 13.31 q/ha; range: 10.75-38.13 q/ha) as compared to 9.12 q/ha (range: 9.12-12.48 q/ha) by non-IPM farmers.

A meeting was also organized in the village with IPM farmers, which was attended by more than 50 farmers. Farmers informed the QRT members about the impact of IPM technology and constraints in adoption of technology. The farmers were very much satisfied with the technology and the main constraint was the availability of bio-pesticides.

The team visited pulse programme at Afzalpur village in Gulbarga on September 24, 2013 to get feedback from the farmers. At Gulbarga, the trial had been conducted for four years (2008-11) in pigeonpea. The farmers informed the team about the IPM activities being carried out in pigeonpea by the farmers. The team also visited a Dal mill established by a Farmers’ Cooperative Society, where the farmers get the facility to process the pulses produced by them.

A meeting was also organized at KVK Gulbarga, which was attended by KVK staff and progressive farmers. During the interaction, the progressive farmers briefed the team about the impact of technology. With this technology, they were able to manage insect pests and diseases and were obtaining higher yield.

3.3.4.1.4. OILseeds

Groundnut

IPM validation trials were carried out in Mirzawali Mer, Rawaster and Bharusar villages of Rajasthan during kharif 2008 to 2010 in farmers’ participatory mode. Collar rot, early leaf spot, late leaf spot, termite

and white grub were major pests in groundnut growing areas in Hanumangarh (Mirzawali Mer, Rawaster and Bharasur and Bhagtal) and Udaipur (Vallabhnagar and Bhagtal villages) in Rajasthan and Kadiri Mandal in Andhra Pradesh. Farmers’ practices involved only the seed treatment with carbendazim @ 1.0 g a.i. /kg seeds.

IPM interventions in groundnut at Hanumangarh include,

• Soil amendment with neem cake @ 250 kg/ha preferably 15 days before sowing

• Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 4.0 kg/ha incubated in 50 kg FYM for 15 days applied before sowing

• Growing of variety HNG-10, TG-37A

• Seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 2 ml/kg seed or T. harzianum @10 g/kg

• Foliar spray of mancozeb @ 2.0 g/litre at the time of 1st appearance of leaf spot disease

IPM interventions in groundnut at Udaipur include,

• Summer ploughing/ plough the fields 2-3 times during April-May (before sowing) to expose the hibernating pests

• Growing of recommended/ local varieties JL 24 & TAG-24

• Seed treatment with imidaclorpid @ 2 ml /kg seed +T. harzianum @ 10 g/kg seeds

• Soil application of T. harzianum @ 4 kg/ha +50 kg FYM (15 days before sowing)

• Soil amendment with neem cake @ 250 kg/ha preferably10-15 days before sowing

• Application of fungicides @ (0.05% carbendazim +mancozeb 0.2%) at 45 and 60 days after sowing against early and late leaf spots and rust

• Application of anisole (methoxybenzene) on trees for the control of white grub

• Installation of pheromones traps for Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura @ 5 traps/ha

• Installation of T-shaped wooden bird perches @ 10/ha


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IPM technology at Hanumangarh was validated in 15, 20 and 25 ha during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. IPM at Udaipur was validated in 15, 20 and 25 ha in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. At both the locations, the pest incidence remained lower in IPM as compared to FP. Higher B-C ratio as well as yield was obtained in IPM ascompared to FP (Appendix V, Table ix).

IPM validation trials were undertaken in groundnut at Kadiri Mandal, A.P. during kharif 2008 and 2010 in farmers’ participatory mode. The trial was not conducted in kharif 2009 because of drought in AP. Collar rot, late leaf spot, dry root rot, stem rot, PSND, thrips and leaf miner attack were observed as key pests in this area. IPM technology was validated on 10 ha in 2008 and 6 ha in 2010.

IPM module at Kadiri Mandal (A.P.) include,

• Seed treatment with imidacloprid @ 2 ml/kg + mancozeb @ 3 g/kg seeds

• Soil application of FYM (100 kg) augmented with Trichoderma viride @ 2 kg/ha

• Pheromone traps @ 5/ha for S. litura

• Border crop with sorghum/pearlmillet

• Trap crop with cowpea/castor

• Inter crop with redgram 11:1 ratio

• Need based pesticide application (NSKE 5% or neem oil 5%)

• LLS control at 70 DAS

• Introduction of variety, K-6

Pest incidence in IPM trials at Kadiri Mandal (A.P.) remained low as compared to FP during these two years. Data showed significantly higher mean yields of 8.2 q/ha in IPM against 6.5 q/ha in FP. Benefit-Cost ratio was 2.2 in IPM against 2.0 in FP (Appendix V, Table x).

Nematode intensive areas

Groundnut IPM module was successfully demonstrated in village Supedi of Rajkot, Junagadh Gujarat in farmers’ participatory mode in 2500 m2.Meloidogyne arenaria was recorded to be the key nematode pest of the area. In this trial, application of castor cake @ 1000 kg/ha + neem oil @ 5 litre/ha with 10 g of detergent (T

1), seed treatment with carbosulfan

25 DS @ 3% a.i.w/w (T2) and untreated control (T

3)

were maintained. Initial nematode population was recorded at the time of sowing and final nematode population and root-knot index were recorded at the time of harvesting.

Seed treatment with carbosulfan 25 DS @ 3% a.i.w/w (T

2) was found superior as compared to T

1 and

T3 as indicated by nematode population (Appendix V,

Table xi).

Mustard

Major pests prevailing in Alwar district of Rajasthan are aphids, Alternaria leaf blight, white rust, powdery mildew and stem rot. Baseline information collected from 30 farmers indicated that only 7% farmers knew about IPM and 10% farmers were using Trichoderma sp.for seed treatment. IPM validation trials were conducted in 55 and 63.5 ha comprising of 28 and 40 farmers during 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively in farmers’ participatory mode. The trial was conducted in five villages viz. Ramgarh, Navgaon, Mohamadpur, Gurjarbas and Kesroli during 2008-09 and Mohammadpur during 2009-10 in Alwar district of Rajasthan. Main IPM interventions comprised,

• Sowing of mustard crop duringOctober 15-31

• Seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 10 g/kg seeds

• Handpicking of aphid infected twig from border of the field

During both the crop seasons, pest incidence in IPM remained low as compared to Farmers’ Practices (FP) with higher mean yields i.e. 21.82 q/ha in IPM against 20.33 q/ha in FP. Net return were ` 29,891 in IPM plots against ` 26,932 in FP (Appendix V, Table xii).

sustainability of IPM technology

Impact studies conducted during 2009-10at Bhora Khurd village of Gurgaon district indicated that over 95% farmers sowed mustard crop during October 15-25 and 70% farmers treated seeds with T. viride @ 10 g/kg seed. Remaining farmers were unable to do the seed treatment with T. viride as they could not get T. viride. In respect of insect pest, 2-3 % farmers also did hand picking of aphid infested twig from border of the field.


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Integrated disease management strategies of sclerotinia stem rot

Field survey conducted in different villages of Gurgaon, Mewat, Mahendergarh and Rewari districts of Haryana and Alwar, Dausa, Jaipur and Bharatpur districts of Rajasthan revealed Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to be a serious threat to rapeseed-mustard cultivation. Jorria-Jamalpur in Gurgaon, Nalhar in Mewat, Kakrala in Mahendergarh and Pali in Rewari, Siyali Khurd in Alwar and Nagalmeena in Dausa district were identified as hot spots and incidence and severity ranged 1.0 - 50.0% in 1.0-4.0 grade. Validation of integrated management for Sclerotinia rot disease of mustard comprising of deep summer ploughing, well-drained field, clean cultivation, balanced use of fertilizers, sowing of certified seed during October 15-31, along with soil application of potash (K

2O) @

Table 6: IDM modules for the management of Sclerotinia rot of Indian mustard

Module Pre sowing Sowing Seedling & veg. stage

Flowering & Pod Stage

I Bio-intensive Trichoderma-based IDM

1. Deep summer ploughing 2. Preparation of levelled and well- drained field 3. Clean cultivation-removal of debris and residue of previous crop 4. Crop rotation with non susceptible host 5. Balanced fertilizer N:P:K:S:: 60:40:40:40

1. Sowing from 16–31 Oct.2. Use of clean, certified seed devoid of Sclerotinia3. Seed treatment with Trichoderma mixture (T. viride + T. hamatum) @ 10 g/kg seeds4. Soil application of Trichoderma mixture (T. viride + T. hamatum) @ 2.5 kg/ha pre-incubated in 50 kg FYM 5. Avoid narrow spacing/ heavy seed rate

1. Maintenance of optimum plant population with wide spacing.2. Judicious use of irrigation depending upon crop stage, soil type rainfall, etc.

1. Foliar spray of Trichoderma mixture (T. viride + T. hamatum) @ 0.2% at early bloom stage i.e. 50 and 70 days after sowing 2. Roguing out infected plant before sclerotia formation 3. Collection and burning of infected stubbles

II Botanical-based IDM

1-3 as in module 14. Elimination of broad leaf weed (Chenopodium album) 5. Fertilizer: N

100, P

40.

1& 2. As in module1.3. Seed treatment with aqueous garlic bulb extract @ 2% (w/v)

1. Irrigation and plant population as per farmers’ practice

1. Foliar spray of aqueous garlic bulb extract @ 2% (w/v) at early bloom stage i.e. 50 and 70 days after sowing 2. No rouging of infected plants 3. as in module1

Farmers’ practice (Control)

1. No summer ploughing 2. No clean cultivation and removal of debris.3. Fertilizer as per farmers’ practice.

1. As in module 12. No seed and soil treatment

1. Irrigation and plant population as per farmers’ practice

1. No foliar spray against stem rot.2. No rouging of infected plants.3. No collection and burning of diseased stubbles

40.0 kg sulphur and T. harzianum (2x106 cfu/g) @ 2.5 kg/ha, followed by seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 10 g/kg, maintenance of optimum plant population with wide spacing, judicious use of irrigation water, two foliar sprays of T. harzianum @ 0.2% at early bloom stage i.e. 50 and 70 days after sowing (DAS) and roguing out of infected plants before formation of Sclerotia in 40 ha area of rapeseed-mustard in Khampura and Kakarala villages in Mahendergarh district, Dingerheri and Goyala in Mewat district of Haryana and Siyali Khurd and Sayaid Kherli in Alwar district of Rajasthan. IDM practices resulted in higher mean seed yield (17.1-20.4 q/ha) as compared to farmers’ practices (14.0 -17.0 q/ha).

Host plant resistance studies carried out under sick field conditions on S. sclerotiorum indicated less than 5% incidence in ten promising genotypes.


NCIPM

Management of Sclerotinia rot of mustard using IDM strategies has been included in package of practices of rabi crops for zone Ib (Sriganganagar region) and zone IIIb (Bharatpur region) by Department of Agriculture, Government of Rajasthan.

Evaluation of various IDM modules of Sclerotinia rot (Table 6) in Sriganganagar and Alwar regions of Rajasthan and Gurgaon of Haryana indicated that the Trichoderma-based module gave the best result with lowest incidence of stem rot and higher yield and B-C ratio at all the locations (Appendix V, Table xiii).

QRT observations

The QRT visited the Siyali Khurd village of Mandawar Tehsil in Alwar District on February 22, 2013 to evaluate the work done under the project ‘Management of Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of Brassica juncea following integrated disease management strategies’ carried out in 6 ha in Farmers’ Participatory Mode in collaboration with ARS, Navgaon (Alwar). During interaction with the farmers, it was informed that the recommendations of NCIPM i.e., summer ploughing followed by application of FYM enriched with Trichoderma harzianum (@ 1 kg T. harzianum/50 kg of FYM incubated for 25 days) along with potash helped in reducing the incidence of Sclerotinia rot by 30% in the first year. Addition of gypsum in the second year (2012) further reduced the disease incidence to 5%. The Chairman QRT advised the farmers that:

• Farmers need to maintain a diary to record all the data related to appearance of pest, interventions, yield, etc.

• NCIPM should bring a pictorial guide in the form of a small pocket diary for the farmers with good photographs of insect pests and diseases so that the farmers can identify the insect pests and diseases.

A meeting was organized with the farmers in which more than 20 farmers participated. The farmers were satisfied with the IPM practices implemented in the mustard crop. During the interaction, the farmers informed that presently they have discontinued growing chickpea because of wilt and borers. The scientist from ARS, Navgaon (Alwar) apprised the team about the increasing problem of salinity, which

has forced the farmers to discontinue planting of chickpea in the area.

soybean

IPM module includes,

• Proper spacing of 30 cm as compared to 22.5cm (general farmers’ practice)

• Proper seed rate of 80 kg/ha against 100 kg/ha in FP

• Use of sex pheromones @ 5 traps/ha for mass trapping of adult population of S. litura

• Application of Sl NPV

• Need-based application of safer chemical insecticides

IPM technology was validated in 50 ha area in village Dungerja in Kota district of Rajasthan during kharif season. Due to IPM interventions the girdle beetle infestation remained in IPM as compared to FP. In IPM higher yield (13.03 q/ha) was obtained as compared to FP (11.5 q/ha).

evaluation of bio-pesticide

Evaluation of bio-pesticide and botanical was carried out under sick field conditions at IARI, New Delhi with seven treatments on the basis of bio-pesticide Trichoderma spp. (3 treatments), botanical, garlic clove extract (2 treatments), standard fungicide control, carbendazim (two treatments) along with untreated control for three crop seasons i.e., 2008-09 (under natural epiphytotic), 2009-10 and 2010-11 (under artificial disease conditions). In all the treated plots (T

1 to T

7), significantly less disease and higher

yields were obtained as compared to untreated plots (T

8). Trichoderma combination based treatment i.e.,


NCIPM

T3 (seed treatment @ 10 g/kg seeds, soil application

@ 2.5 kg/ha and two spray @ 0.2%) gave minimum disease incidence and maximum yield over rest of the treatments (Appendix V, Table xiv).

3.3.4.1.5. HORTICuLTuRAL CROPs ANd PROTeCTed CuLTIvATION

Tomato

Baseline information collected from tomato growing farmers of Daluhera village in Meerut District of Uttar Pradesh indicated that the farmers were totally unaware of the IPM technologies and, in general, applied 9-10 sprays of chemical pesticides to manage the pests. Based upon the information available, IPM was synthesized and validated in 25 acres in Daluhera village during 2007-08 and 2008-09 in farmers’ participatory mode. The technology included:

• Raised seed bed

• Soil solarisation

• Mixing of Trichoderma viride

• Growing leaf curl resistant hybrid/varieties in nursery

• Wide spacing of 150 x 60 cm

• Marigold as trap crop

• Pheromone traps @ 5/ha

• Release of Trichogramma pretiosum @ 1.0 lakh/ha

• Spray of 5% NSKE and HaNPV 250 LE/ha

• Regular destruction of borer damaged fruits and leaf-curl affected plants

• Need-based application of bio-pesticides.

The technology resulted 11.2 and 7.3% increase in yield during 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively. B-C ratio was also recorded higher i.e., 1.9 and 4.8 in IPM as compared to FP i.e. 1.6 and 4.5 during 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively (Appendix V, Table xv).

Nematode hot spots: Brinjal and tomato

Validation of IPM for nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) hot spot in brinjal and tomato was conducted at three locations, Danichapori (Golaghat district), Alengmora (Jorhat district) and Boloma

Moran Gaon (Jorhat district) in 1333 m2 at each location with three treatments:

• T1- Nursery bed treatment with carbofuran

@ 0.3 g a.i./m2 + root dip treatment with carbosulfan @ 500 ppm for 1 hr

• T2 - Seedlings raised in solarised nursery

bed treated with carbofuran @ 0.3 g a.i./m2 + neem cake @500 kg/ha in the field before transplanting

• T3 - Untreated control

The trial included the application of FYM @5 t/ha in both the crops and N:P:K: :50:20:20 kg/ha in brinjal and N:P:K: : 75:60:60 kg/ha in tomato.

Treatment T2

i.e., seedlings raised in salaried nursery bed treated with carbofuran @ 0.3 g a.i./m2 + neem cake @500 kg/ha in the field before transplanting was found to be effective in reducing nematode population, root-knot incidence and increasing yield in both the crops (Appendix V, Table xvi). In all three locations, similar trend of results was observed.

QRT observations

The team visited root-knot nematode (RKN) management trial carried out in brinjal at Uttar Rajapur village, Haringhata (Nadia) in 24 Parganas (N) district in collaboration with BCKV, Kalyani (WB). IPM programme in brinjal crop comprised of soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 7.5 kg/ ha + FYM @ 375 kg/ha in nursery followed by application of carbofuran @ 0.3 g a.i./plant in ring around the plants at 21 days after planting.

Bell pepper

Bell pepper suffered from severe incidence of insect pests (thrips, mites, aphids, fruit borer) and diseases (leaf spot, powdery mildew, die-back/ Anthracnose and Fusarium wilt) and farmers apply 12 to 14 sprays (Av.) of pesticides to contain the pests. An IPM module was synthesized and validated at Daha-Bajindan in Karnal District of Haryana in 100 acres in farmers’ participatory mode.


NCIPM

IPM module:Nursery

• Soil solarisation with transparent polythene of 0.45 mm thickness for about three weeks

• Mixing of nursery soil with FYM enriched with Trichoderma harzianum

• Application of azadirachtin 1500 ppm for aphids and mancozeb+carbendazim fungicide for collar rot

Main field• Seedling root dip in Pseudomonas fluorescens

before transplanting @ 5 ml/ litre

• Spray of azadirachtin 1500 ppm against aphids

• Spray of spinosad 45 SC against thrips

• Erection of pheromone traps for monitoring of borer adults

• Periodic releases of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis

• Spray of HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha 2-3 times in the initial stages

• Application of emamectin benzoate 5 WDG

• Periodic removal of borer or rot damaged fruits or mosaic virus complex affected plants

• Need based spray of imidacloprid (aphids), acephate and fipronil (thrips), indoxacarb/Coragen (fruit borer) and 0.02% mancozeb/ mancozeb+carbendazim/ Validamycin for collar rot (Rhizoctonia) and Fusarium

IPM technology resulted reduction in the number of chemical sprays with a range of 2.8 to 6.5 in IPM against 12.2 to 16.0 in FP with enhanced yield of 26.7% over FP. Economic analysis indicated B-C ratio of 2.50 in IPM against 2.03 in FP (Appendix V, Table xvii).

validation of non-chemical IPM and INM technology (organic) for bell pepper

The validation of integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated nutrient management (INM) technologies was carried out as a non-chemical (organic) bell pepper trial in about one acre area during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The technology included:

• Application of FYM @ 20 t/ha fortified with Trichoderma sp.

• Seedling root dip before transplanting in P. fluorescens

• Soil application of neem as manure

• Erection of pheromone traps @ 12/ acre for fruit borer

• Need based sprays of neem

• Releases of Trichogramma sp @ 1.5 lakh/ ha for fruit borer

• Clipping and application of eco-friendly pesticides like spinosad and emamectin benzoate.

Non-chemical trial conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 resulted in lower yields (172.3 and 138.0 q/ha) and so the lower B-C ratio (2.94 and 2.32) than IPM (205 and 180.0 q/ha; 3.78 and 3.07) and Farmers’ Practices (190 and 164.6 q/ha; 3.51 and 2.85), respectively.

Hot Pepper (Chilli)

Thrips, Scritothrips dorsalis, mites Polyphagotarsonemus latus and aphids, Myzuspersicae were the major sucking pests while fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera was the major borer pest in chilli. Farmers carry out 25-30 sprays of chemical pesticides to manage these pests. IPM in hot pepper was validated in more than 30 acres at farmers’ fields at Nelhal (Raichur, Karnataka) and the major interventions were:

• Addition of FYM enriched with T. harzianum (4 g/kg) for thrips, mites and soil borne diseases in soil

• Sowing of seeds treated with imidacloprid

• Addition of neem cake @ 1 q/acre for soil borne diseases and insects

• Spray of carbendezim 50 WP @ 2 g/litre for management of powdery mildew disease

• Application of P. fluorescens @ 5 g/litre for inducing systemic resistance in plants and as bio-control agent

• Application of diafenthiuron @ 1 g/litre against thrips and mites

• Spinosad 25 SC spray for borers

IPM interventions resulted in the reduction in number of sprays to 12-15 against 22-28 in FP with


NCIPM

higher dry chilli fruit yields of 1.5 to 3.5 t/ha against 1.0 to 2.6 t/ha in FP. IPM also recorded higher B-C ratio with range from 3.7 to 11.2 against 1.9 to 6.0 in FP and large build-up of natural enemies viz. coccinellids, Chrysoperla and predatory spiders (Appendix V, Table xviii).

(Indian J Argil Sci., 82: 186-189, 2012)

QRT observations

QRT visited Nelahal village in Raichur (Karnataka) on September 25, 2013, where IPM in chilli had been validated for four years (2008-11) by NCIPM in collaboration with UAS, Raichur. The team interacted with farmers and observed large build-up of natural enemies in IPM fields.

Onion

Validation of IPM technology in onion crop was carried out at Singohi-Singoha-Rambha villages, District Karnal (Haryana) in 10 acre area covering 10 progressive farming families during 2012-13. Thrips, aphids, Stemphylium blight, yellow virus dwarf, Iris yellow dwarf and borer (seed crop only) were the pests observed in onion crop during the season. On an average, every farmer gave 7-8 sprays (worth Rs 2500-3000/ season/ acre) of pesticides in a season. The commonly used pesticides were dimethoate, thiamethoxam, propineb, imidacloprid, cypermethrin, dithane M -45 and acephate and use of mixtures of pesticides was quite prevalent.

The IPM interventions for various pests of onion validated in nursery as well as main crop included:

• Raised bed

• Mixing nursery soil with farm yard manure enriched with Trichoderma viride,

• Seedling dip treatment with Pseudomonas fluroscens

• Erection of blue coloured traps

• Need based sprays of neem, spinosad, mancozeb and acephate pesticides.

The implementation of IPM technology by onion growers had significant impact on quantity of chemical sprays and yield. Less number of sprays 5.3 in IPM and higher i.e. 8.7 in non-IPM fields and at the same time an increased yield of 181.3 q/ ha in IPM

and 165.8 q/ ha in farmers’ practices (FP) fields was obtained resulting in the higher B-C ratio of 2.24 and 2.04 in IPM and FP fields, respectively (Annexure V, Table xix).

Cauliflower and cabbage

Haryana: Major pest problems in early season cauliflower were head borer (Hellula undalis) and damping off (Pythium debaryanum) in the nursery stage and Spodoptera litura and Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicae) after transplanting. Farmers resorted to 10-12 sprays of highly toxic pesticides to control the pest attack. IPM module adopted in early rainy season at Palari village (Sonipat, Haryana) in 60 acre included:

• Soil solarisation

• Soil application of T. harzianum @ 2.5 kg/ha through FYM incorporation

• Neem cake @ 50 g/m2 in nursery

• Seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 4 g/kg seeds

• Raised bed sowing

• Seedling root dip in T. harzianum @ 4 g/litre

• Monitoring of population of S. litura and Plutella xylostella (Diamond back moth-DBM) through pheromone traps

• Hand picking of larvae and egg masses of S. litura

• Application of bio-pesticides such as SlNPV and 5% NSKE

• Need-based appl ica t ion of reduced risk insecticides e.g. novaluron, cartap hydrochloride, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and mancozeb/metalaxyl + mancozeb.

During rabi season, damping-off in the nursery was the major disease in cauliflower. After transplanting, aphids (Lipaphis erysimi/Myzus persicae) and Alternaria leaf spot were major pests. IPM module comprised,

• Soil application of T. harzianum @ 2.5 kg/ha through FYM incorporation and neem cake @ 50 g/m2 at nursery stage

• Seed treatment with T. harzianum @ 4g/kg seeds


NCIPM

• Raised bed sowing

• Seedling root dip in T. harzianum @ 4 g / litre orin imidacloprid

• Monitoring of population of diamond back moth (P. xylostella) through pheromone traps

• Mustard as a trap crop

• Erection of yellow sticky trap

• Need-based application of pesticides including bio-pesticides

In Haryana, mean curd yield of cauliflower during both rainy and rabi season was higher in IPM fields as compared to farmers fields by 10-16%. Incidence of pest was reduced and occurrence of the natural enemies was enhanced in IPM fields as compared to FP fields. Number of sprays of toxic pesticides was curtailed by 40-50% (Appendix V. Table xx).

Rajasthan: In early rainy season cauliflower, painted bug (Bagrada hilaris) and damping-off (Pythium debaryanum) in the nursery and S. litura and Alternaria leaf spotafter transplanting were the major pests in Rajasthan. Farmers resorted to 10-12 sprays of highly toxic pesticides in FP fields. IPM module in early rainy season at Anantpura village (Jaipur) was almost same as followed in Haryana with an additional component i.e., Chinese cabbage as a trap crop.

Major pest problems in winter season cabbage were damping-off (P. debaryanum) disease in the nursery stage. DBM (P. xylostella), aphids (L. erysimi) and Alternaria leaf spot and downy mildew occurred after transplanting. IPM module in late winter season cabbage was same as followed in cauliflower.

In Rajasthan, mean curd yield and net returns of early season cauliflower during rainy season cauliflower and winter season cabbage remained higher in IPM fields as compared to that in farmers’ fields (Appendix V, Table xxi). Number of pesticides sprays in both the crops at Anantpura was also reduced in IPM as compared to FP.

(India. J Agric Sci., 4, 2012; Indian J. Horti, 68: 578-580, 2012)

Uttarakhand: Validation of IPM technology was carried out during 2008-11 in bell pepper and cabbageat Jadipani and Chopdiyal villages and ginger

at Pali and Gand villages of Mid Garhwal Hills of Uttarakhand by selecting 15-20 farmers’ families from each village. IPM module in bell pepper comprise:

• Soil solarization of nursery area prior to sowing

• Well prepared raised beds

• Application of Trichoderma enriched FYM or vermicompost

• Seed treatment with carbendazim and imidacloprid

• Seeding root dip in the suspension of bio-agent (T. harzianum and P. fluorescens) formulations

• Spraying of P. fluorescens formulation @10 g/litre in nursery for management of leaf spot

• Application of neem-based formulation, mancozeb/spinosad

• Uprooting and destruction of disease infected plants

• Spraying of copper-based fungicides for management of fruit rot.

In Uttarakhand, IPM technology resultedincrease in yield by 11.5, 14.1 and 31.3 % over FP with higher B-C ratio of 2.1, 3.4 and 3.5 in IPM against 1.5, 1.8 and 2.2 in FP in cabbage, bell pepper and ginger crops, respectively(Appendix V, Table xxii).

Fruits

Mango

IPM technology was validated in 8 ha during 2013 for important pests of mango cultivated in the humid region of Gujarat (Southern Region) covering two districts namely, Valsad and Navsari. In this region Alphonso and Kesar are two important varieties of mango that are cultivated, which have great export potential and are highly susceptible to damage from the pests. Important pests of the region are various species of hoppers, thrips, fruit fly and gall midge, leaf eating hairy caterpillars, powdery mildew, twig blight and anthracnose. Farmers undertake as high as 24 applications of pesticides to prevent losses due to the pests.Various IPM interventions followed in mango orchards at Navsari (Gujarat) are inlisted in Table 7.


NCIPM

Adoption of IPM module resulted in less number of applications of pesticides (six each in Kesar and Alphonso varieties) as compared to farmers’ practice (11-12 sprays). Benefit-Cost ratio for IPM orchards of Kesar and and Alphonso cultivars remained higher over non-IPM (Annexure V, Table xxiii).

Protected cultivation:

The Centre has developed and validated IPM technology for cucumber and tomato under protected cultivation. Results on IPM in cucumber using soil solarization with polythene mulch and formaldehyde treatment in combination with neem

Month Management practice Target pests

October(II Fortnight)

Copper oxy chloride and Verticillium lecanii indoxacarb on stem or tree trunk

Twig blight, hopper, thrips, leaf gall midge, shoot borer caterpillar

November(II fortnight)

Beauveria bassianaand carbendazim Hopper, thrips, twig blight and anthracnose

December(Bud initiation)

Pruning of intermingled branches and centre opening of old trees, pasting of copper oxychlorideETL based applicationoflambdacyhalothrin + carbendazim at flowering

Hopper, thrips, shoot borer, leaf gall midge twig blight, bud mite and Anthracnose

January(Panicle emergence )

Application of carbendazim + profenophos to pruned treesApplication of indoxacarb+ sulphur to flowering trees

Twig blight, leaf eating caterpillar Hopper, thrips, powdery mildew

February(50 % or full bloom, pea sized fruit stage)

Application of imidacloprid + hexaconazole Hopper, thrips, blossom midge, shoot borer, powdery mildew and anthracnose

March(Marble sized fruit stage)

Application of profenofos + indoxacarb or thiamethoxam + tridemefon ETL based application of readymade azadirachtinCollection and disposal of fallen fruitsInstallation of methyl eugenol impregnated bottled or wooden plywood block trap @ 10/ha

Hopper, thrips, blossom midge, anthracnose, twig blight and fruit fly

April Application of profenofos + cypermethrin (ready mix) + carbendazimCollection and disposal of fallen fruits

Hopper, thrips, blossom midge, anthracnose, twig blight and fruit fly

May Collection and disposal of fallen fruits. Hot water treatment to harvested fruits at 48 °C for 5 minutes

Fruit fly, fruit anthracnose, stem end rot, scab

June Change of wooden blocks, repeat of operations of month of May and deep soil ploughing

Fruit fly, anthracnose, stem end rot, scab

seed powder (NSP) 100 g/m2 and T. harzianum @ 100g/m2 revealed higher yield of 111 kg/plant over a period of 19 weeks of harvest. In the later trials, formaldehyde was replaced by metham sodium.

Comparative and combined efficacy of fumigants/organic amendments against root-knot nematodes of tomato

Experiment undertaken to address the problem of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita of tomato in greenhouse with application of FYM and three fumigants, namely, STTC, metham sodium and dazomet alone and in combination with each other

Table 7: IPM interventions adopted in mango at Navsari (gujarat)


NCIPM

indicated minimum nematode population in treatment having combination of metam sodium + FYM at 1.67/ cc soil as compared to 6.5/cc soil in control treatment.

Grafting of seedlings of tomato/cucumber using resistant/ tolerant root stocks

Out of two rootstocks i.e., an isolated line of tomato and wild brinjal (Solanum torvum), grown up along with the scion variety GS 600, grafted tomato plants using S. torvum as root stock displayed very high degree of tolerance to root-knot nematode, M. incognita.

(Australian J. Crop Sci., 5: 1388-1395, 2011; Indian J. Hort., 68: 357-363, 2011; Indian J. Hort., 2012;

Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81: 156 – 160, 2011; Current Science 100: 635-637, 2011)

3.3.4.1.6. BIologICAl CoNTRol

• During the survey conducted for collection of natural enemies on cotton mealybug (P. solenopsis), an entomopathogen, Fusarium pallidoroseum, was isolated from cadavers collected from Haryana and Maharashtra.

• Among different media tested for growth and sporulation of Verticillium lecanii isolates, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar was found to be the best medium followed by Potato Dextrose Agar, Potato Malt Agar, Czapek Dox Agar and Potato Carrot Agar.

• Talc-based formulation of V. lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were supplied to different centres under TMC 3.1 for laboratory and field evaluation against mealybug and mirid bug.

• Among Oat Meal Agar, Nutrient Agar, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (PDA), Czapek Malt Agar and Czapek Dox Agar, PDA was found to be the best medium for maintenance of nucleus culture of F. pallidoroseum. Mass multiplication of F. pallidoroseum was achieved best with maximum number of spores on rice husk followed broken rice, sorghum grains and cow dung.

• Shelf life study of the talc-based formulation prepared from bio-agents received from NBAII (PDBC) Bengaluru viz.V. lecanii (VL 5), M.

anisopliae (Ma 4), T. harzianum (Th KSD), T. viride (Tv 97) and the F. pallidoroseum (CICR, Sirsa and Delhi) was carried out under laboratory conditions. These talc-based formulations of the bioagents viz. V. lecanii (VL 5), M. anisopliae (Ma 4), T. harzianum (Th KSD) and T. viride (Tv 97) could be stored up to 8 months at 4+1°C without much change in CFU count as compared to room temperature 10-20°C and 26+1°C. Initial CFU count of V. lecanii (VL 5), M. anisopliae (Ma 4), T. harzianum (Th KSD) and T. viride (Tv 97) viz. 2.1x109, 1.9x109, 2.2x109 and 2.0x109 were reduced to 1.65x108, 1.367x108, 1.25x108

and 1.133x108, respectively, after 8 months at 4+1°C. In case of F. pallidoroseum, CFU count was almost equally reduced at all the temperatures tested.

• Exploration of native Trichoderma spp. for the management of soil borne diseases in North East Region:The promising isolates of Trichoderma were characterized for biopriming, plant growth promoting characteristics, reduction of disease incidence and corresponding yield increase in cabbage, cauliflower, mustard and field pea. The seeds of cabbage, cauliflower, mustard and field pea were bioprimed with freshly prepared bio-control (Trichoderma) preparation. 5-10 g of bio-control preparation was made in slurry form by adding appropriate quantity of water and carefully mixed 1 kg of seeds to ensure uniform coating of all seeds. Shade dried these seeds and sown in the field. Another important method of delivery of Trichoderma tested was soil application/soil treatment. The potential Trichoderma spp. (1 kg) were inoculated in well rotten FYM (100 kg) 21 days in advance and allowed to grow and multiply in it. The Trichoderma enriched FYM obtained, was applied (5 kg/m2, wet weight basis) in the field before sowing of cabbage, cauliflower, mustard and field pea.The field emergence of four crops was recorded at 30 days after sowing and seedling vigour of all crops was calculated. The disease incidence (Rhizoctonia solani induced collar rot in cabbage and cauliflower, Fusarium


NCIPM

oxysporum f sp. pisi in pea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum stem rot in mustard) was recorded at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 60 DAS and final yield was recorded after harvest of each crop.

The results revealed that all isolates of Trichoderma have significantly improved the field emergence and seedling vigour, reduced the collar rot incidence and increase in yield of cabbage. However, highest seeding vigour (1848.9), lowest collar rot (3.2%) incidence and highest yield (25.8q/ha) was recorded with isolate Th-22b. This isolate was followed by Th-4, Th-25a, Th-17, Th-27, Th-10, Th-12b, Th-19c, Th-2, Th-16c, Th-7, Th-11, Th-9b and least effective isolate was Th-8b.

3.3.4.2. To develop information base on all aspects of pest management and to advise on related national priorities and pest management policies

E-pest surveillance and Advisory: NCIPM has pioneered the e-pest surveillance and advisory system based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The technology has been used for collection and transfer of field data on insect pests and diseases in different crops from remote villages of the country to the NCIPM server through internet followed by compilationof data for display of information on www.ncipm.org.in which is accessible by SAUs for issue of advisory through SMS to farmers and extension workers for implementation on farmers’ fields. The technology has been successfully implemented under the following programmes:

(i) National Information System for Pest Management (NISPM) (Bt Cotton): Under NISPM project sponsored by DOCD, on-line pest monitoring of pests and diseases in Bt cotton has been carried out in 1120 fields spread over 280 villages in 13 districts in nine states.

QRT observations

On August 7, 2013, the QRT visited Dhawat village located in Vadodara district of Gujarat, where NISPM (Bt cotton) project activities are being carried out in collaboration with Anand Agricultural University (AAU), Anand. The QRT visited Bt

cotton fields and interacted with farmers. A meeting was organized in the village to get feedback from farmers about the impact of the project. The meeting was attended by more than 50 farmers. Dr. B.V. Patil apprised the farmers about the IPM practices followed in Karnataka. Farmers in Karnataka applied less number of chemical pesticides i.e., 3-4 in IPM against 5-6 in non-IPM and obtained average yield of 12-15 q/acre. It was also emphasized that out of 200 varieties screened at three different centres, only 20 best hybrids/varieties were selected for that area. Dr. Virender Kumar advised the farmers to maintain records providing information on the expenditure incurred and the benefits obtained in a particular crop. It will help them in calculating the net benefits

in growing a particular crop. Prof. Anupam Varma highlighted the impact of the project by making following comments before farmers:

• The team could find much awareness among farmers about harmful and beneficial insects for taking proper decision regarding application of pesticides.

• Application of chemical pesticides has now been reduced which could significantly reduce the cost of chemicals and labour.


NCIPM

• The farmers have realized the role of bio-pesticides in containing the pest incidence and increasing the seed cotton yield. But their availability is a major constraint.

• After the implementation of the project, 20-25% increase in cotton yield has been observed.

• It has been observed that all the IPM farmers are not getting literature produced by the University.

• QRT Chairman was of the view that a Magazine at farmer level through Extension Department of the University (AAU) should be brought out so that they can get information about the proper chemicals needed for a particular pest.

(ii) Awareness-cum-Surveillance programme for management of major pests of soybean-cotton based cropping system (CRoPSAP):

Table 8: Production comparison of crops in CRoPSAP project (lakh MT)

Crop 2008-09 2009-10 % Increase over 2008-09

2010-11 % Increase over 2009-10

Soybean 18.4 22.8 +23.7 41.9 + 84.0

Cotton (Lakh bales) 47.5 58.8 +23.7 77.0 + 31.0

Pigeonpea 6.0 9.3 +53.5 10.2 + 9.8

Chickpea 7.7 11.9 +53.5 13.0 + 9.2

Table 9: Number of farmers registered and number of SMS advisories issued

S.No. Crop season(In lakh)

Farmers registered(In lakh)

SMS advisories(In lakh)

1. 2009-10 1.6 31.9

2. 2010-11 2.4 112

3. 2011-12 3.4 255.6

The programme was successfully implemented in 271 talukas, 30,000 villages, 29 districts in Maharashtra covering 2.5 million ha of soybean, 3.9 million ha of cotton, 1.3 million ha of chickpea and 1.3 million ha of pigeonpea. Training had been imparted to the surveillance team and pest monitoring team in all 29 districts. During 2009-10, a total of 3.2 million SMSs were sent to 1.62 lakh registered farmers as pest advisory which resulted in a decline in area above ETL from 14.64 lakh ha in 2008-09 to 4.8 lakh ha in 2009-10. The production of 22.77 lakh MT of soybean was achieved from 30.75 lakh ha of area in 2009-10 compared to that of 18.40 lakh MT (Table 8) from 30.90 lakh ha area during 2008-09 despite prolonged dry spell that prevailed during August, 2009 in Maharashtra and 10.12 million SMSs were sent in 2010-11. During 2011-12, 255.6 SMSs were sent to 3.4 lakh registered farmers (Table 9).

(iii). Crop pest surveillance and advisory in fruit crops (Mango, pomegranate and banana): Under the project ICT-based pest surveillance system was implemented in nine districts of Maharashtra for mango (Sindhudurg, Raigarh, Ratnagiri and Thane), pomegranate (Solapur, Nashik, and Sangli) and banana (Jalgaon)

covering 1,84,643 ha (Table 10). Important pests such as hopper, thrips, fruit fly, powdery mildew and anthracnose in mango, thrips and Sigatoka diseases in banana, bacterial blight, wilt, thrips and fruit borer in pomegranate were monitored in collaboration with Department of Horticulture, Government of Maharashtra.


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(iv) E-pest surveillance in odisha in rice: Surveillance and advisory programme for rice was implemented in Odisha under RKVY during kharif 2010 and 2011seasons in 13 districts covering more than 1700 villages. Based upon the pest status location-specific weekly advisories were issued for each block by Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT) for managing the emerging pests. Swarming caterpillar and other pests were successfully managed in all the 13 rice growing districts of Odisha.

(v) Real Time Pest Surveillance (RTPS): Under National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), real time pest surveillance (RTPS) using standard data recording formats and sampling methodology for pests and weather, across thirty six centres from 12 States representing 11 agro-climatic zones (3-13) and 14 agro-ecological regions (R2-12 and R15, 18 and 19) of the country for five target crops viz., rice (7), pigeonpea (10),

Table 10: Data entries and pest management advisories for banana, mango and pomegranate (2011-12 and 2012-13)

Crop District Data entries (Nos.) Advisories issued by SAus (Nos.)

Advisories sent by SMSs (Nos.)Pest scouts Pest monitors

2011-12

Banana Jalgaon 1591 343 3 2382

Mango Thane 422 648 226 139958

Raigarh 1993 140 265 80125

Ratanagiri 3502 296 124 140283

Sindhudurg 927 133 157 3344

Pomegranate Nashik 1177 112 244 68465

Ahmednagar 284 174 36 0

Solapur 1459 39 211 898

Sangli 308 23 201 4891

Total 11663 1908 1467 440346

2012-13

Banana Jalgaon 3734 310 223 67923

Mango Thane 711 636 249 46481

Raigad 2598 139 292 102256

Ratnagiri 8149 487 270 268586

Sindhudurga 1968 185 213 35667

Pomegranate Nashik 4467 427 615 135499

Ahmednagar 542 121 68 532689

Solapur 9310 48 441 70101

Sangli 734 191 320 352594

Total 32213 2544 2691 1611796

groundnut (6), tomato (7) and mango (6) have been put in place integrated with ICT for development of centralised data base through http://www.ncipm.org.in/nicra . Based upon the weather and pest information collected, the following location-specific rules have been developed for predicting pest attack:

• Location-specific weather-based criteria and rules predicting yellow stem borer (Aduthurai,TN; Pattambi, KL; and Raipur, CH), gall midge, case worm and green leaf hopper (Raipur) of rice, S. litura of groundnut (Dharwad, KA) (Table 11) and H. armigera of pigeonpea (Gulbarga, AP) were developed and validated with prediction accuracy more than 85%.

• Non-linear model [Yt=ae-bt / (1+ de-bt) 2 + e], where Yt is count of thrips at time t, captured the developmental dynamics of thrips in cotton more accurately.


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• Fulfilling >5, four and <3 of the six weather-based criteria viz., maximum temperature > 310C, minimum temperature between 21 and 240C, relative humidity (morning) >85%, relative humidity (evening) between 30-70% , rainfall < 25 mm and rainy days between 2and 4 days on weekly basis predicting the severity of mirids (Campylomma livida) on Bt cotton at Central India as to high ( >4), moderate (>2-4) and low (0-2), respectively was developed, and validated with 92% prediction accuracy.

• Weather-based criteria viz., mean temperature of 25-280C, mean humidity of 65 -85%, total rainfall of 50-80 mm and rainy days between 2 and 4 days of any standard meteorological week predicting the severity of jassids, and mean temperature of 25-290C, mean humidity of 67-86%, total rainfall of 30-80 mm and rainy days between 3 and 6 days of any standard meteorological week predicting the severity of thrips on cotton in Central India were validated with 76 and 70% prediction accuracy, respectively.

• Trend analysis of historical pest data indicated decrease in stem borer and leaf folder on rice across locations of differing trends of climate, decreased H. armigera moth emergence with increased larval survival on pigeon pea due to increasing rainfall, dynamic trends of S. litura and climate relations in groundnut and decreasing powdery mildew and increasing hoppers and fruit flies with

Crop location Insect pest Prediction accuracy* (%)

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Rice Aduthurai (TN) Yellow stem borer 96.2 86.5 85.5

96.0 96.0 85.5

Raipur (CG) Gall midge 100 100 -

Case worm 100 100 100

Green leaf hopper 100 98.7 86.5

groundnut Dharwad (KA) S. litura (weekly) 77.7 84.2 100

S.litura (fortnightly) 84.2 100 100

Kadiri (AP) S. litura (weekly) 100 90.5 100

* Figures in parentheses are prediction accuracies based on model for combined pests; Weather based criteria and pest severity and rules are available at http://ncipm.org.in/nicra

decreasing maximum temperature and rainfall and increasing minimum temperature and humidity on mango.

• Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models predicting population levels of mealybug based on seasonal incidence for eight districts of Punjab indicated potential of the fitted models in predicting the mealy bug incidence at least one week in advance.

• Analysis based on three-yeardata indicated significant influence of rainfall on incidence and severity of P. solenopsisin cotton- wheat system. While increased rainfall reduced the severity of mealybug infestation, the incidence increased possibly due to the spread aided by rain water.

QRT observations

QRT visited pest dynamics in rice under NICRA programme on April 23, 2013 in Boro Rice implemented in collaboration with Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, (Mogra, district Hooghly). Yellow stem borer (YSB) is a serious pest in rice causing up to 99% loss in Boro rice in certain

Table 11: Forecasting of insect pests in rice and groundnut over the season and locations


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pockets. Scientists at RRS, Chinsurah explained the team about the methodology adopted under NICRA Project to monitor the pest population/ incidence in fixed fields in 20 selected villages with the help of scouts. Roving survey was done in 72 different farmers’ fields in different blocks. A crop rotation of rice- pulse - rice was advised by QRT members to break down the continuous breeding of the pest in rice cropping system prevailing in the area. Even rice- potato- rice can also be tried. The team also visited RRS, Chinsurah and interacted with the scientists of the station.

(vi) Technical Assistance Programme for Cotton in Malawi (Africa): Implementation of ICT based Pest Surveillance in Malawi (Africa): Based upon the baseline information collected during the visit of NCIPM team to Malawi (27/11/2013 to 4/12/2013) on pests and agriculture infrastructure, software has been developed for recording insect pests, diseases and beneficial in cotton crop. Initially only two districts will be covered but the provision has been made in the software to cover all the 28 districts in Malawi. A field guide has also been developed for extension and field workers for identification of cotton pests prevailing in the country.

(vii) Development of web-based data base: A web-based database of plant protection research workers was developed using ASP.net technology as a front end and SQL server 2005 as a back end. In AGROWEB project funded by NAIP, crop pest database of 65 crops including horticultural crops, plantation crops have been developed, which can be accessed by browsing the Centre’s website. Centre’s Website has been redesigned as per the uniformity guidelines devised for ICAR institutes. Centre’s own Web server and exchange server have also been launched, in which new website and databases have been hosted.

(viii) Development of expert system for pest management in okra and brinjal: An expert system has been designed integrating a user-friendly interface, an inference engine and knowledge-base for transferring expert knowledge instantly at the farmer’s level. User interface too have been designed and programme writing is in progress.

(ix) gIS based automated crop pest mapping: GIS-based automated mapping for major insect pests and diseases in soybean-cotton based cropping system, chickpea and pigeon pea have been successfully carried out for the entire Maharashtra state for more than 28 districts and associated talukas and village-level geo-referenced points using GPS receivers on weekly basis throughout the crop seasons. The ETL and GIS-based pest mapping has also been implemented using the new colour codes and the methodology for the population of the concerned pests.

(x) Development of plant protection personnel information system (P3IS)-I: A Plant Protection Personnel Information System (p3is) was developed with online database of profiles of scientists/researchers/ private organization personnel/ NGO personnel working in the area of plant protection in the country.

3.3.4.3. emerging pests and natural enemies

• New pests were recorded viz., stem girdler, Batocera sp, powder post beetle, Sinoxy lonanale Lesne and phyllody disease on pigeonpea (Ananthpur, AP), painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burn) (Kanpurnagar, UP), and fungal disease Corynespora (Kalyani, WB) on tomato and blackfly, Aleurocanthus terminaliae Dubey & Sundararaj (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) (UP and Delhi) on mango.

• Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Chalcidodea: Encyrtidae), an indigenous parasitoid, was recorded for the first time by the Centre in Delhi in July 2008 parasitizing the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Another parasitoid, Promuscidea unfaciativentris Girault (Chalcidodea: Aphelinidae), was also recorded at most of the locations in smaller proportions.

• Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus emerged a serious pest infesting papaya near Pune in 2009 and 2010. It was recorded on brinjal, teak, papaya, tulsi, guava, Parthenium and Sundakkai (Turkey berry; Canthium inerme ) in Coimbatore d istr ic t .Mulberry plantations were heavily infested with P.


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marginatus in bordering area of Erode district. Its parasitoid, Acerophagus papayae was recorded at Perambalur, Salem, Erode and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu. Mirid bug (Creontiodes biseratense) has also been recorded as an emerging pest in cotton in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.

3.3.4.4. To establish linkages and collaborative programmes with other national and international institutes in the area of IPM

Table 12: linkages with local institutions in the area (educational, research and infrastructural facilities)

S.No. Institutes Association

1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi

Education: NCIPM is a part of Teaching Faculty in Plant Pathology & Entomology Divisions

Res. Projects:NICRA, NAIP (Protected Cultivation), Externally funded project on plant extracts, Centre’s Oilseed Programme, Centre’sPesticide Programme, Centre’s Nematode Programme

2. Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), New Delhi

NICRA

3. Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi NICRA

The Centre has developed linkages with DPPQ&S and its IPM centres, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC, MOA), State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), ICAR institutes, AICRPs, KVKs, Agriculture and Horticultural Departments of states and private industries involved in bio-agent production and pesticides and NGOs involved in promoting IPM technologies (Table 12 and 13). Linkage with all the stakeholders of public and private institutions infused strength for timely execution of the IPM programmes.

Table 13: linkages with State Agricultural universities, Research institutes and KVKs

S.No. Name Crop(s)

DPPQ&S

1. CIPMC, Odisha e-pest Surveillance (RKVY, Odisha)

2. CIPMC, Jalandhar Mealybug Awareness Programme

State Agricultural university

1. Narendra Deva Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh)

Institute Rice Programme

2. SVBPUAT, Modipuram (Uttar Pradesh) Institute Horticultural (Veg.) Programmes

3. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttrakhand)

Institute Horticultural (Veg.) Programme

4. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) Institute Rice Programme, NICRA, Horticultural

5. CCSHAU, Hisar (Haryana) NISPM

6. Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan)

Institute Oilseed Programme

7. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan) Institute Oilseed Programme, Horticultural


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8. Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat Institute Hort. (Fruit) Programme

9. Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) NISPM

10 Junagarh Agricultural University, Junagarh, Gujarat Institute Oilseed Programme

11. Dr. Panjabarao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra)

NISPM

12. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (Maharashtra)

NFSM-A3P , Pigeonpea

13. MPKV, Rahuri (Maharashtra) NICRA – Groundnut,Tomato, Groundnut, HORTISAP

14. Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli, Maharashtra HORTISAP

15. University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad (Karnataka), Raichur

NICRA-Groundnut

16. University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Raichur (Karnataka)

Institute Vegetable Programme

17. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Karnataka)

NICRA-Pigeonpea

18. ANGRAU, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) NICRA –Tomato , Institute Oilseed Programme

19. BCKV, Kalyani (West Bengal) NICRA –Tomato, Institute Hort. (Vegetable) Programme

20. Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Assam) Institute Rice Programme

21. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)- NPRC, TNAU, Pudukkottai (Tamil Nadu); RRS,TNAU, Vridhachalam, Tamil Nadu

NICRA- Groundnut

22. JNKVV, Adhartal, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) NICRA

23. JNKVV, Khandwa (Madhya Pradesh)- Cotton NISPM

24. IGKVV, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) NICRA-Tomato, Rice

25. BAU, Ranchi (Jharkhand) Institute Pulse Programme

26. OUAT, Bhubaneswar (Odisha) NICRA –Groundnut,e pest Surveillance (RKVY, Odisha)

Research Institutes

1. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur and TMC-MM-I-3.2

2 Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack (Odisha) Institute Rice Programme, e pest Surveillance (RKVY, Odisha)

3. Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad NICRA

4. Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (VPKAS), Almora. (Uttarakhand)

Institute Rice Programme

5. IIPR, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh NFSM-A3P

6. IIVR, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh NICRA-Tomato,

7. IIHR, Bengaluru, Karnataka NICRA-Tomato,

8. National Research Centre for Groundnut (NRCG), Junagarh (Gujarat)

NICRA-Groundnut, Institute Oilseed Programme

9. NRC Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra HORTISAP

10. National Bureau of Agri. Important Insects, Bangalore (Karnataka)

TMC –MM-1-3.3

11. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture , Hyderabad (AP)

HORTISAP, NISPM, CROPSAP


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3.3.4.5. To extend technical consultancies

The Centre has provided consultancies to different agencies on various aspects under following consultancy collaborative Projects.

• White grub campaign in sugarcane: Under the consultancy project on ‘Development and validation of IPM for white grub in western UP’ (Sponsored by Modi Sugar Mill) white grub campaign was carried out in 40 villages

All-India Coordinated Research Project

1. AICRP on Pesticides Residues Pesticide Residues

2. AICRP on Nematodes Nematodes

3. AICRP on Chickpea Chickpea

4. AICRP on Cotton Cotton

5. AICRP on Vegetable (PAU, Ludhiana Punjab, MPKV, Rahuri,Maharashtra)

NICRA-Tomato

State Agricultural Department

1. State Agricultural Department, Maharashtra HORTISAP

2. State Agricultural Department, Odisha e pest Surveillance (RKVY, Odisha)

3. State Agricultural Department, Punjab Mealybug Awareness Programme

4. Rice Research Station, Chinsura, West Bengal NICRA-Rice

5. Central State Farm, Suratgarh (Rajasthan) Institute Chickpea Programme

Krishi Vigyan Kendras

1. KVK, Main Dry farming Research Station, JAU, Tarkhadia, Rajkot (Gujarat)

NISPM

2. KVK, Ranchi- (Jharkhand) NICRA

3. KVK, Jamnikunta, Jayaprakash nagar, Karimnagar (Andhra Pradesh)

NISPM

4. KVK, Mysore (Karnataka) NISPM

5. KVK, Tukaratti Tal, Gokak, Belgaum (Karnataka) NISPM

6. KVK, Jalna (Maharashtra) NISPM

7. KVK, Valikandapuram. Perambalur district (Tamil Nadu)

NISPM

8. KVK, Ahmadanagar (Gujarat) NISPM

9. KVK, APAU,Reddipalli, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) NFSM-A3P

10. KVK, HAU, Hisar (Haryana), Institute oilseed Programme

11. KVK, Anantapur (AndhraPradesh) NICRA

12. KVK,Ujwa (New Delhi) Institute Programme (Extension , vegetable)

13 KVK,IARI,Shikohpur (U.P.)

Private Sector

1. Agrocel Ind., Ltd., Kaithal Institute Project -Organic Rice

2. Modi Sugar Mill, Modinagar Project on white grub

3. BioBee Biological Systems Pvt. Ltd Project on Protected cultivation

4. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Project on cotton

5. National Innovation Foundation Project on Plant extracts

having moderate to severe infestation of white grub under NCIPM supervision by Modi Sugar Mills. A validation trial was also carried out in 150 ha block having plant as well as ratoon sugarcane crop at village level.

• Management of arthropod key pests of greenhouses using predatory and parasitoid bioagents: Consultancy was provided to BioBee Biological Systems Pvt. Ltd for


NCIPM

management of arthropod key pests of greenhouses, spidermites, whitefly, leaf miner using predatory and parasitoid bioagents viz., Phytoseiulus persimilis, Amblyseius swirskii, Diglyphus isaea imported from Israel.

• World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-India sustainable cotton initiative in Aurangabad and Jalna district of Maharashtra: NCIPM provided consultancy on the assessment of benefits accrued to environment by BMP

Table 14: list of patents applied by NCIPM

S.N. Title Year Patent Application No.

1 Field kit for the multiplication of insect larval parasitoid (Surender Kumar Singh , D.B. Ahuja, D. K. Garg and Amerika Singh)

2007 170/DEL/2007

2 Apparatus for culturing the biological control agents in situ (Surender Kumar Singh and Amerika Singh)

2007 No. 489/DEL/2007

3 Non-sticky insect trap (Surender Kumar Singh, D.B. Ahuja, D. K. Garg and OM Bambawale)

2008 1454/DEL/2008

4 Insect rearing and collection apparatus (Surender Kumar Singh and OM Bambawale)

2008 2821/DEL/2008, Filed on 15.12.2008.

5 Insect oviposition and egg collection apparatus (Surender Kumar Singh and OM Bambawale ,)

2009 1481/DEL/2009

6 Light trap having insect sorting filters (Surender Kumar Singh and Om Prakash Bambawale)

2010 117/DEL/2010, Filed on 22.01.2010

7 Device for beneficial insects (Surender Kumar Singh and Om Prakash Bambawale)

2010 1137/DEL/2010, Filed on 17.05.2010.

8 Light trap safer to beneficial insects (Surender Kumar Singh and Om Prakash Bambawale)

2010 1822/DEL/2010, Filed on 02.08.2010.

9 Bio-pesticide formulation for controlling insect pests and fungal pathogens and process for preparation thereof (A.K. Kanojia et al.)

2009 Patent filed

10 Light trap for managing insects (Surender Kumar Singh and Om Prakash Bambawale)

2010 Patent filed

2012 PCT/IB/2012/050168 International Patent filed

11 Device for preventing of climbing insects 2011 Patent filed

advocated by the WWF-India through two partners namely Dilasa (NGO) and KVK, Jalna.

• C o n s u l t a n c y f o r p ro d u c t i o n a n d commercialization of mechanical devices needed for pest management: Under the Institute project two technologies have been patented, 11 Patents have been filed (Table 14) including one international patent and nine technologies have been commercialized.

Awards:

• During 2008 rice IPM team received ICAR outstanding Team Award for the biennium 2005-06 in crop improvement category. The award was presented by Hon’ble Union Minister for Agriculture, Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Sh. Sharad Pawar on 16th July, 2008.

• Dr. Jeyakumar, P., Senior Scientist (Agricultural Entomology) was awarded by ICAR with

“Swami Sahajanand Saraswati” Extension Scientist / Worker Award for the Biennium 2007-2008. The award was presented by Dr Farooq Abdullah, Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy on the occasion of ICAR Foundation Day on 16thJuly, 2009.

• Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP)-Maharashtra, received National e-governance Award 2012 for e-Governance initiative.


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ISo certification:

The Centre has been certified ISO 9001:2008 Management System on March 18, 2014, by Equalitas

Certifications Limited.

3.4 structure and Organization


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3.5 Management PracticesInter-phase meeting of QRT Chairman,

Prof. Anupam Varma with Institute Management Committee (IMC) was held on October 24, 2013 at NCIPM. The IMC comprises Dr. Abraham Verghese, Director, NBAII, Bangalore, Dr. K.B. Pun, Pr. Scientist, CRRI, Gerua (Assam), Dr. V.T. Gajbhiye, Head, Division of Chemicals, IARI, Dr. (Mrs.) Anju Kamra, Pr. Scientist, Division of Nematology, IARI, Mr. K.P.S. Chaudhary (Non-official), Mr. Ram U. Lokare, Deputy Commissioner, Maharashtra and Mrs. Sunita Arya, Finance and Account Officer, ICAR. After brief presentations by the PIs of NICRA, NFSM, NICRA and PME, QRT Chairman apprised the IMC members about the experiences of QRT team with NCIPM scientists and their field experiments. During the interaction, the IMC members informed their expectations from the Centre. Dr. Gajbhiye was of the view that NCIPM should maintain the data on the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) as is being maintained for insect pests and diseases in different crops. Dr. (Mrs.) Anju Kamra wanted a strong collaboration of NCIPM with Division of Nematology especially on EPN and in field of IPM validation in adopted villages. Mr. Lokare suggested that in such meetings, when we are making discussion on validation and promotion of IPM, extension person should also be invited. Dr. Pun wanted to have IPM for low land rice as IPM for upland rice has already been validated by NCIPM. Moreover, hybrid rice is being promoted in North Eastern Region. Therefore, IPM is needed for hybrid rice. In certain areas ITKs are also giving good results.However, scientific validations of these ITKs are lacking. NCIPM needs to carry out work on these lines.

3.6. Collaboration

3.6.1. Collaboration with sAus and other research Institutions

The Centre has developed linkages with DPPQ&S and its IPM centres, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC, MOA), 26 State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), 11 ICAR institutes, five AICRPs, 13 KVKs and five Agriculture and Horticultural Departments of states, private industries

involved in bio-agent production and pesticides and NGOs involved in promoting IPM technologies. The linkages have helped in dissemination of IPM at fast track.

The Centre has linkages with IARI. NCIPM is a part of Teaching Faculty in Plant Pathology and Entomology Divisions and is having collaboration in cotton, pulses, horticultural crops, nematodes and oilseeds programmes.

3.6.2. Linkages with clients/end-users

3.6.2.1. direct linkages with farmers and extension agencies

• Under IPM dissemination through farmers’ participation, IPM technology was successfully disseminated in basmati rice in Dehradun in Uttarakhand, Atterna and Siboliin Haryana and Bambawad in Uttar Pradesh at village level in Farmers’ Participatory mode. Similarly, IPM modules have been validated in Mustard in Rajasthan, groundnut in Rajasthanand Andhra Pradesh, bell pepper in Haryana, cauliflower and cabbage in Haryana and Rajasthan and mango in Gujarat.

• Under National Information System for Pest Management (Bt Cotton) on-line advisory for management of insect pests and diseases were issued to farmers and extension agencies through NISPM centres located in14 districts of nine states.

• Under the Awareness-cum-Surveillance programme for management of major pests of soybean-cotton based cropping system, trainings were imparted to the surveillance and pest monitoring teams in 29 districts. Under the programme about 1.62 lakh farmers were registered for issue of advisories through SMSs and a total of 3.2 and 10.12 million SMSs were sent as pest advisory during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively.

• Under RKVY programme in kharif rice in Odisha, advisories were issued to farmers and extension agencies in Odisha during 2010 and 2011 in 13 districts covering more than 1700 villages.


NCIPM

• Accelerated Pulse Production Programme (A3P) under NFSM, a total 14,767 and 9,526 farmers were involved in pigeonpea and chickpea programmes, respectively during 2010-12. About 150 officials of State Department of Agriculture of five states have been imparted training to enhance their skills for reporting of online pest data in chickpea and pigeonpea.

• Three trainings on ‘IPM in Important Crops of North Eastern Hill Region of India’ were conducted at Jharnapani, Umiam and Agartala during Sep 9-11, Sep 13-15 and Nov 20-22, 2013 for field functionaries.

3.6.2.2. Linkages with Private seed and Pesticides Industry and NGOs

Under Mealybug Awareness Programme-Punjab, NCIPM prepared a video film in Hindi entitled

Kapas mein mealy bug ka samekeet prabhandhan of 13 minute duration. Around 1000 copies each of Hindi and Punjabi DVDs were multiplied and distributed through private seed and pesticide industry representatives, NGOs, etc. for dissemination of information on mealybug management. Five projects were sponsored by private sector to cater the need of farmers/emerging problems.

3.6.2.3. Linkages with Protected Cultivation farmers

Trainings were imparted to progressive farmers in different states for good agricultural practices in green houses.

3.6.3 Human, physical and financial resources

3.6.3.1 Human Resources (Appendix vI)

Staff position at NCIPM

S.No. Designation Cadre strength In position Vacant

1. RMP 1 1 -

2. Scientist 27 20 7

3. Technical 12 12 -

4. Administrative & Supporting 24 21 3

ToTAl 64 54 10


NCIPMA

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NCIPMA

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NCIPMA

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NCIPM

3.6.3.2 Physical Resources

Physical facilities planned and developed

• Space was a constraint for expansion of research work, therefore, in the old building of Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), laboratories and other infrastructure were developed to carry out research work and to accommodate the scientists as well as the contractual research staff. However, during the review by the QRT, the building was found vacated by NCIPM due to present structural conditions.

• Boundary of the new campus and temporary structure that includes a training hall, three rooms for scientific and administrative staff

log books have been maintained for the following instruments:

Name of Items Date of Purchase Value (`) Qty Source of Fund

Compound Microscope with accessories

KKA1132/25/2/10 10,73,907 1 Plan

Stereo-zoom Microscope with accessories

KKA1160/04/3/10 12,78,411 3 Plan

Compound Microscope with accessories

KKA114/25/2/2010 7,30,422 1 NAIP-Component-2

Rhizotorn Meter with accessories 10296/29/03/2010 11,93,136 1

Fluorescence Meter with accessories R10-00193/23/04/10 1,85,382 1

and three rooms as hostel facilities (Costing ` 60,22,500/-) for trainees along with borewell have been created at new campus of NCIPM located at Rajpurkhurd, Mehrauli, New Delhi. For research purpose, green houses and experimental farm have been developed.

• The Centre has established its own server facility with two DELL Servers, AS PE2900 to serve as web for crop database and mail servers. The Centre website and all the web applications are successfully running on these servers. 50 mail boxes of institute staff are maintained with 2 mbps line internet connectivity.

A number of scientific as well as office items have been added up in the office (Appendix VII).

( ` in lakh) Particulars Plan Non-Plan

Sanctioned 670.50 1636.42

Actual 594.44 1622.80

3.6.3.2 Financial Resources

ICAR: Total XI Plan Outlay

Year -wise (2007-2012) expenditure during XI and XII Plan (2012-2014) has been indicated in Appendix VIII.

other agencies: ` 1530.118 lakh (Appendix VIII)

Resource generation

The Centre has developed various devices and following proper laid down procedure, licenses were issued to different firms for commercialization of the technologies. Through commercialization of these devices the Centre has generated a total of ` 170 lakh (Approx.) till March 2014.


NCIPM

3.6.4. Planning for the future

Recommendation of the sub-group (plant protection) under the Working Group on Agriculture of the Planning Commission indicated the need for alignment and adjustments in the current research programmes for increasing the pervasiveness of IPM in the country. At present, only 3% area is considered to be under IPM. NCIPM needs to play an important role in strengthening IPM programmesat national level by establishing a national IPM network using ICT technology for major pests across crops and agro ecological regions for the real time scenario building and their management through training programmes and regular contacts involving crop institutes (ICAR), AICRPs, SAUs, NGOs, ZPDs and KVKs in a phased manner. NCIPM should be projected as national hub for plant protection and database for understanding the pest dynamics in relation to climate change and formulation of adaptive plant protection strategies as a part of IPM for better farm safety vis-a-vis climate risks. For monitoring environment and public health hazards due to chemical pesticides linkage may be established with Animal Science and Fisheries Institutes of ICAR, AIRCPs, MoEF, and ICMR Institutes. For preventive area-wide IPM pest management, National hub for Decision Support System should be established at NCIPM for crop protection services in collaboration with ISRO, CRIDA, AICRP-AM, IMD, NCMRWF and

S.No. Device developed

1 Egg cleaning device

2 Aerial Insect Trap

3 UV chamber for eggs sterilization

4 Bracon kit for the multiplication of insect larval parasitoid.

5 Apparatus for culturing the biological control agents in situ

6 Light trap having insect sorting filters

7 Device for beneficial insects

8 Light trap safer to beneficial insects

9 Device for preventing of climbing insects

Resource generated (` in lakh)

2011-12 67.86

2012-13 41.01344

2013-14 61.50820

MOSDAC. Pest Risk Analysis including diagnostics vis-a-vis climate change and creation of database for proactive climate resilient IPM would need greater attention for enhancing and exploring their potential in context to globalization.

4. Overall Assessment

The performance of the NCIPM during 2008-14 was VERY gooD considering the limitations of human resources, physical infrastructure and restricted mandate.

5. Consolidated Recommendations

For a wider impact of IPM in Indian agriculture and improving the visibility of NCIPM programmes, the following recommendations have been made for ICAR’s consideration and implementation.

5.1 Name and Mandate of the Centre:The current mandate of the Institute is restricted

to development and promotion of IPM technologies and the establishment of linkages and collaborations. The research component of the Centre is completely missing from its name and mandate. In view of this, the following revised name and mandate are suggested:

(i) The name of the Institute may be changed to National Research Centre for Integrated


NCIPM

Pest Management (NCIPM), to harmonize it with the names of other National Research Centres of ICAR. The acronym, ’NCIPM’ may be retained to maintain the continuity.

(ii) Revised Mandate of NCIPM:

(i) Research, development, evaluation, validation and promotion of IPM technologies for major agricultural and horticultural crops.

(ii) Surveillance and monitoring pest populations.

(iii) Teaching and training for human resource development in IPM.

(iv) Extend IPM technologies for agricultural and horticultural crops for national coverage.

(v) To establish national and international linkages.

5.2 Priorities, Programmes and Projects:The Centre has identified rice, cotton, pulses,

oilseeds, vegetables and fruits as the thrust areas. IPM technologies which are being used in these crops were identified earlier. Not much research seems to have been done for improving these technologies, although their application has shown promise in cotton at Anand (Gujarat), rice at Bambawad (UP), pulses and chillies at Raichur (Karnataka) and Brassica at Alwar (Rajasthan).

(i) Considering the gains in improving crop productivity, there is a need to give wider coverage to IPM across the country in different crops. IPM technologies need constant refinement for improvement through well directed research and development.

(ii) At present the IPM programmes of NCIPM are mainly based on insect pests and diseases caused by fungi and nematodes. The Centre should also identify and include the diseases caused by other pathogens like bacteria, viruses and phytoplasma in their programmes. Some of these pathogens have emerged as serious concerns.

(iii) QRT observed limited research activities of the scientists of NCIPM, as also reflected by their research publications. This needs a change to utilize the full potential of the scientists by motivating them to undertake

strategic and basic research for development of new approaches and technologies for IPM, and develop active collaborations with the specialists in different fields.

(iv) Greater emphasis is required for economic analysis of different IPM technologies using standard methodologies and tools on a long-term basis. To achieve this objective, NCIPM should develop close linkage with NCAP and IASRI through active collaboration.

(v) The Centre has developed web-based information on IPM technologies, which is very useful. However, there is an urgent need for the Centre to develop crop-specific pictorial diaries to help farmers in identifying pests/diseases and their natural enemies, finding solutions and recording their own observations in the areas covered by IPM programmes.

(vi) Pests and diseases are influenced by pre-disposing micro and macro climatic conditions including the availability of micro- and macro-nutrients and soil health. All the IPM technologies developed by the Centre need to be holistic and closely linked to ICM (integrated crop management) approach.

(vii) Weeds are a major biotic constraint in enhancing crop productivity. There is a need for greater emphasis on their management in IPM programmes.

(viii)A major factor for non-utilization of available technologies is the lack of support and availability of inputs to the farmers. It is a critical issue in IPM programmes. NCIPM and NBAII need to develop mass-production technologies for fungi and insects used as bio-control agents and train the Plant Protection Specialist of CIPM Centres, in collaboration with NIHPM, for the production and quality management of bio-control agents and botanicals used in IPM.

(ix) Some IPM technologies require need-based chemical applications. In all such trials, pesticide/chemical residue analysis should be an integral component, which can be best done by collaboration and out-sourcing.


NCIPM

(x) Some States of the country are promoting ‘organic farming’. Organic farming requires chemical-free IPM technologies, which may be developed particularly for rice and vegetables for extending ‘organic agriculture’. Further, as suggested by previous QRT, close linkage should be developed with the Network Project on Organic Farming.

5.3 structure and Organization:(i) As per the present structure of NCIPM, all

the academic activities are covered under the Head ‘Multi-Disciplinary Teams’ and managerial activities under the Administrative ‘Cells’. This needs to be changed. A modified Organogram is suggested (Fig. 3) to cover the recommended activities of the Centre.

Fig. 3: Modified Organogram of NCIPM

(ii) Scientific staff: The approved cadre strength of scientific staff of the Centre is 27. Of these, 20 scientists are in position. Considering the importance of IPM in Indian agriculture, not only the available positions are to be filled but also there is a need to re-assess and increase the cadre strength of the Centre for

effective implementation of its programmes for improved impact and visibility. As per the present structure, 14 positions are provided to Entomology, four to Pathology, two each to Nematology and Computer Application and one each to Economics, Extension, Statistics, Organic Chemistry and Geography.


NCIPM

There is a need to balance the cadre strength in different disciplines. For example, at present no scientific staff has been provided for Agro-meteorology and Weed Science which are important components of IPM. In view of this a revision in the scientific staff position is suggested (Appendix 6, Table 1, page no. 86). The position of Agricultural Extension, Geography and Organic Chemistry may be dropped as the extension work related to IPM is to be done through SAUs and KVKs, the positions of Geography is not essential for the functioning of the Centre, and work related to Organic Chemistry can be done by out-sourcing or by collaboration. It is recommended that the positions in Agricultural Economics, Computer application and Agricultural Statistics disciplines may be increased to two each. The positions of Entomology and Pathology should be in equal proportion for proper balancing.

(iii)Technical Staff: Twelve positions of Technical Staff have been provided (Appendix 6, Table 2, page no. 86). These have been grouped in four categories. It is suggested that the distribution in categories be removed and the overall strength of Technical Staff may be increased from 12 to 32 to provide one technical personnel to each scientist for providing technical support and five technical persons to manage Computer Lab., Library, Director’s Cell, Equipment Maintenance, infrastructure and farm management.

5.4 Infrastructure:NCIPM is in the process of building a New

Campus at Mehrauli. This Campus is expected to provide adequate laboratory space for research and land for field experiments, which are essential for improving IPM technologies through research, and also for validation of available IPM modules and ITKs. However, the available land (about 3 ha) is barely sufficient for the proposed building and mandatory open spaces (Appendix I (d), page no. 65). It will leave the basic need of land for field experiments unaddressed.The available land can be suitably utilized to test/demonstrate IPM technologies

for protected cultivation. In this direction, some progress has been made by erecting two polyhouses. Efforts may be made to acquire about 50 ha from the adjoining unutilized land, which could be developed for field experiments. The Centre also faces acute constraint of Lab space. This may be overcome by providing additional space at IARI or the old building at NBAIM/NBPGR at IARI Campus, which may be renovated/ refurbished to meet Centre’s requirements utilizing the funds allocated for the new building.

5.5 Policies:(i) Availability of specialists in different

disciplines related to Plant Protection at IARI was a major consideration for shifting NCIPM from Faridabad to IARI, New Delhi to facilitate close interaction and collaboration in research and teaching (Appendix I (c), page no. 63). NCIPM Scientists participate in teaching PG courses at IARI. but have limited collaborative research. There is a need to strengthen collaboration in teaching and research and to become an integral part of IARI.

(ii) There is a strong need to delink AICRP-IPM from AICRP-BC, and establishing it (AICRP-IPM) as a part of NCIPM for promoting IPM in the country. Establishment of AICRP-IPM will not require much additional financial commitment as the required infrastructure is available at the proposed participating centres. The Centre needs to develop strong linkages with ICAR’s Plant Protection and crop-based institutes, All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs), connected network projects like that on organic farming, and State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) (Fig. 4; ) for development, validation, refinement and popularization of IPM by interlinking them through AICRP-IPM. The AICRP on Honey Bee should also be interlinked with AICRP-IPM for the biosafety of populations of honey-bees and other pollinators in IPM programmes.

(iii) Strong linkages should be developed with Central IPM Centres of the Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage for


NCIPM

Fig. 4: Linkages chart: present and proposed (shown by arrows) linkages of NCIPM with other ICAR Institutes and AICRPs, State Agricultural Universities and DPPQ&S

developing ‘hubs’ to produce quality bio-agents, and implement and monitor NCIPM programmes across the country.

Work p lan for implementa t ion and dissemination of IPM practices and monitoring of pest populations with the help of KVKs, which are provided with Subject Matter Specialists (SMSs), needs to be developed. Such KVKs may be linked with NCIPM through Programme Coordinators, Zonal Directors, ADG (Ag. Extn) and DDG (Ag. Extn).

(iv) At present 380 KVKs (Fig. 5; Appendix IX, page no. 99), out of 637 KVKs, have SMSs dealing with plant protection. Based on the model developed by NCIPM in the NISPM programme, one centre can monitor up to twenty villages. Thus, 380 KVKs can cover a total of 7600 villages spread across the country. Demonstrations of IPM in these villages will have multiplier effect to provide

a much wider coverage. To achieve this, each participatory KVK will have to be provided one Research Associate, one data entry operator, ten field scouts, one computer with internet connectivity, one GPS, one digital camera, and contingency as per NISPM model.

(v) Close collaboration should be developed with (a) NBAII to incorporate the technologies for biocontrol of insect pests in IPM modules, to act as referral centre for biocontrol agents (BCAs) for insect management, and to participate in training programmes for mass production of BCAs; (b) NBAIM to act as referral centre for BCAs used in plant disease management, and (c) NIHPM to participate in training programmes for mass production of BCAs (See Appendix XI).

(vi) NCIPM should have strong linkage with NIBSM, which will provide basic science-based support to IPM programmes.


NCIPM

Fig. 5: Location of Central IPM centres and KVKs with plant protection Subject Matter Specialists. More KVKs need to be provided SMSs in Maharashtra for appropriate coverage of NCIPM programmes.

k

Location of Central IPM Centres (31)

KVKs with Subject Matter Specialists (380)

*AICRP on Rice, Chickpea, Pigeonpea, Cotton, Groundnut, Soybean, Rapeseed & Mustard, Sunflower, Fruits, Vegetables

** Central Institute for Cotton Research (Nagpur), Central Rice Research Institute (Odisha), Directorate of Rice Research (Hyderabad), IIPR (Kanpur),IIVR (Varanasi), IIHR (Bengaluru), NRC for Groundnut (Gujarat), Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (Lucknow), NRC for Pomegranate (Solapur), NRC for Banana (Tamil Nadu), NRC for Citrus (Nagpur)


NCIPM

6. LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix I (a-d) ICAR office orders and Master Plan map of new campus

Appendix II Action taken on previous QRT Recommendations

Appendix III QRT Schedule

Appendix IV List of Projects

Appendix V Tables cited in the text

Appendix VI Cadre strength and list of staff members

Appendix VII List of scientific equipment

Appendix VIII Year-wise expenditure

Appendix IX List of Central IPM Centres and KVKs

Appendix X ISO 9001:2008 certificate

Appendix XI Minutes of the meeting

Appendix XII List of research publications


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Appendix I_(a)


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Appendix I_(b)


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Appendix I_(c)


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NCIPM

Appendix I_(d)

59 NCIPM: QRT report (2008-14)

Appendix I (d)


NCIPM

Appendix II

Action taken on previous QRT RECoMMENDATIoNSS.No. Action recommended Action taken

1. The impact assessment period should be for at least 5 years to take a comprehensive account of socio-economic, environmental and technology hiccups as constraints in adoption and wide spread of technology.

During 2008-14 period comprehensive analysis of the impact of IPM trials were made in different programmes. The analysis is continuing even beyond 5 years at the Institute level.

2. Impetus should be given to farm/ cottage level production of bio-inputs to ensure their availability in time and space.

Farmers were trained forproduction and utilization of Trichodermain rice, vegetable and pulses.

3. Adoption of IPM techniques should be prioritized on pesticide demanding crops posing health and environmental risks.

Cotton accounts for the maximum share of pesticide consumption i.e. around 37% followed by paddy (20%). In India together they account for around 57% of the total pesticide consumption. While wheat and pulses contribute of about 4%, vegetable 9% and the other plantation crops 7% (Ministry of Agriculture, 2009).Accordingly, IPM techniques have been developed and validated in rice, cotton, vegetables (chilli, tomato, bell pepper, cabbage, cauliflower, etc.) and fruit crops.

4. Development and validation of IPM Technology specially structured for protected agriculture should gain primacy.

IPM in protected cultivation has been developed for high value vegetables and cut flowers. Bio-agents (predatory and parasitoids)were evaluated against insect pests and mites in cucumber and tomato for including in IPM packages.

5. AICRP on Biological Control should be brought under the ambit of NCIPM for effective programme planning and implementation of IPM practices.

In the Proceedings of Meeting with DG, ICAR (May 9-10, 2012) for XII Five Year Plan preparation of Crop Science Division, it was mentioned to up-grade NCIPM as Project Directorate for Crop Health Management (PDCHM): All the existing AICRPs/AINPs, viz., Biocontrol (AICRP), Plant Parasitic Nematodes (AICRP), Agril. Acarology, White grubs and Soil arthropods, Agril. Ornithology, Rodent management, Pesticides Residues is proposed for XII Plan. Regarding that, a proposal has been sent to the Council on 6th Oct. 2012 and subsequent reminder on 11th Feb. 2013.

6. NCIPM should have close tie up with National Network Project on Organic Farming.

Efforts are being made to develop close linkages; Field trials at the Institute level have been carried out in rice and bell pepper.

7. Farmers’ Participatory Research on IPM in organic farming with special reference to fruit crops needs to be launched on priority.

Field validation of IPM strategies for organic farming was carried out in basmati rice at Kaithal in 50 ha under Taraori rice and in bell pepper at Karnal. IPM for organic fruit crop (Mango) has yet to be initiated as the programme on fruit crop was initiated in 2011.


NCIPM

8. NCIPM should have special focus on up gradation of skill among stake holders in bio-agent production technology at village/cottage level

Two training programmes on Mass Production Technology of Biological Control Agents were organized at NCIPM for 10 days each, during February 12-21,2008 and February 28 to March 09, 2009, respectively. The training was attended by participants from different states representing State Agriculture Departments, research institutes, KVKs, SAUs and Private entrepreneurs from 12 states.A five days training was organized at NCIPM during July 27-31, 2009 for scientific staff working in Bio-Control laboratory in Bihar

9. The Centre should establish minimum field facilities for IPM input evaluation and training facilities including establishment of bio-agent production unit

Space is a constraint because of limited space provided by IARI. The provision has been made to create the field facilities in New campus at Mehrauli.

10. It is recommended to create a platform for exchange of outcome and future needs for fostering IPM between major stakeholders.

These activities are being carried out at National level through NISPM (14 districts in 9 states), CROPSAP (Maharashtra and Odisha) and A3P projects (10 districts in 5 states).

11. Exploitation of potent Indigenous Technology Knowledge (ITK) through modification and their validation against biotic stresses should be taken up on priority.

A book on ITK [Explored indigenous technical knowledge in pest management, 2005, eds, A.K. Kanojia, R.V. Singh, O.M. Bambawale and T.P. Trivedi] was published. One patent has been filed on bio-pesticide formulation based on cow urine.

12. In-house review meetings among the team members should be held frequently.

In-house review meetings with crop team members are being held regularly.

13. It would be relevant and necessary to exploit Information Communication Technology (ICT) system/tools in this endeavour.

The Centre has developed ICT based system of e-pest surveillance and advisory system, which has been successfully implemented under NISPM Project in Bt cotton, CROPSAP of Maharashtra in cotton, soybean and other crops, RKVY in rice crop in Odisha and A3P programme in pulses. ICT has also been extended in Malawi (Africa) in cotton under Technical Assistance Programme.

14. Activities are to be focused on utilization of basic and strategic research information generated by other institutes/ centres.

Basic and strategic researchinformation generated by other institutes/organization are being regularly utilized in different crops for developing IPM modules. Under rice, pulses, groundnut, and vegetables, the respective crop institutes i.e. Directorate of Rice Research (DRR) and Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), National Research Centre for Groundnut (NRCG) and Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), are involved for providing inputs on basic and strategic research. Thus, inter-institute collaborative program have been developed.


NCIPM

15. The Centre should tailor IPM modules separately for Bt cotton.

Under the NISPM project, NCIPM has developed and validated location specific IPM modules on Bt cotton with the help of Cooperating Centres in 14 intensive cotton growing districts covering 9 states.

16. IPM module be developed separately for System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

SRI has not been adopted by farmers of north India in larger areas. Therefore, the trial could not be carried out. However, direct-seeded rice is becoming more popular for which the Centre has initiated work to develop IPM.

17. Activity on Trainings to trainers in IPM technology dissemination and adoptions should be placed on priority.

Conducted following trainings for Master trainers: • Training on mealy bugs and their management in

Cotton

• Training programme on pest management in forestry

• Trainings through Basmati export development foundation (BEDF)

• Training for State Department of Agriculture (350) on “Awareness cum e-pest surveillance”

• Organized three trainings in NEH during September to November, 2013for field functionaries

18. The residue monitoring mechanism using traditional methods should be supplemented with residue preventive mechanism by Rapid Bioassay of Pesticide Residue (RBPR) techniques to protect consumers from contaminated food commodities.

One scientist has acquired training on RBPR through “Endeavourpost doctoral Award Fellowship 2010” awarded by Department of Education, Employment andworkplace Relations (DEEWR), AustralianGovernment for six months, (April 2010 toOctober 2010) in Australia to initiate the work on this aspect. Minimal facilities have been created in the institute.

19. For pesticide residue analysis of IPM and FP crops, basic facilities be created for extraction, partitioning and clean up of the samples for pesticide residue analysis.

Already discussed under point no. 18.

20. Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) , being a relative value that estimates the environmental impact of pesticides be taken into account for toxicity value to natural enemies, wild life and human, and aquatic and terrestrial effects need to be generated under Indian conditions

The work on this aspect has being carried out under the institute project on EIQ concept for evaluating IPM packages for cotton/ rice/vegetable crops in India carried out during 2009-12

21. During the period of review (2003-07) the meetings of Institute Management Committee (IMC) have not been held. All out efforts should be made in future to hold these meetings for smooth functioning of the Centre.

All the IMC meetings have been conducted in time; 8th , 9th , 10th and 11th IMC meeting were held on Sept.18, 2008, April 21, 2010 , Feb.7, 2011 and Feb. 9, 2012 for 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. During 2013-14, IMC meetings were organized on March 21 and October 24. 2013 and February 18, 2014.

* Information provided by I/c PME cell


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SCHEDulE oF QRT ACTIVITIES

S. No. Date Activity

1. 20/02/2013 Introductory Meeting with DDG & Interaction with scientists

2. 21/02/2013 Presentation by NCIPM scientists & Interaction with QRT

3. 22/02/2013 Visit to Mustard IPM Trial at Alwar (Rajasthan)

4. 11/03/2013 Presentations and interaction with individual scientists

5. 12/03/2013 Discussion with the Director, NCIPM and Member Secretary

6. 23/04/2013 Visit to West Bengal: Chinsurah for NICRA (rice) and Kalyani for IPM in vegetable

7. 08/08/2013 Visit to Gujarat: NISPM (Bt cotton) Village (Dawat) in Vadodara district

8. 23/09/2013 Visit to Karnataka: Pigeon pea at Magadal village in Bidar district

9. 24/09/2013 Visit to Karnataka : Pulse programme at Afzalpur village in Gulbarga

10. 25/09/2013 Visit to Karnataka : Vegetable (chilli) programme at Nelahal village in Raichur

11. 27/09/2013 Visit to U.P.: Basmati rice IPM programme at Bambawad in Gautam Budh nagar

12. 23 /04/2014 24/04/2014

Visit to NCIPM new campus at Mehrauli & protected cultivation Discussion &Finalization of the report

Appendix III


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Appendix IV

lIST oF PRoJECTS

In-house Projects

Programme I: Establishment of a National Network for Development of Area Specific IPM Modules & Technologies for the Major Production Systems of Different Agro-Ecological Zones

Rice

1. Development, dissemination and popularization of location specific IPM strategies in different rice agro

2008-13

2. Development and validation of IPM strategies for organically grown crops 2005-08

3. Synthesis and validation of location specific IPM module in different rice agro-ecosystem

2013-17

4. Synthesis and validation of IPM technology for direct seeded rice 2013-17

Cotton

5. Development and validation of IPM strategies for the emerging key pests in Bt cotton 2008-13

6. Synthesis and validation of IPM strategy for emerging pests of cotton 2013-16

Pulses

7. Evaluation of microbial as IPM components in rice and chickpea 2009-11

8. Integrated disease management of Phytophthora blight in Pigeonpea 2011-14

9. Formulation and validation of location specific IPM package in pulses (chickpea and pigeonpea)

2005-09

Horticulture and Protected cultivation

10. Development and validation of adaptable IPM technology for solanaceous vegetable crops

2007- 12

11. Validation and promotion of Bio-intensive IPM technology in selected vegetable crops under wide area approach

2006- 09

12. Management of chili wilt 2011-14

13. Synthesis, Validation and Popularisation of IPM in Chilli 2013-16

14. Development and validation of IPM in cauliflower and cabbage 2006-10

15. Toxicological investigation on the emerging pest problems in the changing scenario contemporary to global climate change

2009-14

16. Development and validation of IPM strategies for selected vegetable crops in mid-Garhwal hill of Uttarakhand

2008-11

17. Promotion, popularization, dissemination and implementation of validated IPM technology of rainy season cauliflower

2010-12


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18 Demonstration and promotion of adaptable IPM technology in tomato and bell pepper (NHB)

2009-12

19. Validation and promotion of IPM technology in Onion vegetable crops 2012-15

20. Development and validation of IPM technology for Mango 2012-15

21. Development and validation of IPM Technology fir Kinnow Mandarin for Semi Arid Region of Punjab and Rajasthan

2013-16

22. Validation and promotion of IPM strategies for nematode hotspots in horticultural crops–I

2008-13

23. Development and validation of IPM strategies in protected cultivation of selected vegetables

2007-11

oilseeds

24. Development and validation of location specific Integrated Pest Management Technology in Groundnut

2008- 11

25. Large scale validation and implementation of IPM technology in mustard 2008 –10

26. Management of Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of Brassica juncea following integrated disease management strategies

2007 –11

27. Studies on management of Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of Rapeseed-Mustard (R-M) in Haryana and Rajasthan

2011 –14

28. Management of Spododptera litura in soybean based cropping system 2007 –10

29. Synthesis, Validation and Popularization of Integrated Pest Management Technology for Groundnut Crop

2013-16

Bio control

30. Development of mechanical devices needed for pest management 2010- 14

31. Habitat management in paddy and vegetable crops for augmentation and conservation of natural enemies

2006-10

32. Development of innovative methods and techniques for the mass multiplication of natural enemies of insect pests directly under field conditions

2006 -10

33. Large scale validation and popularization of newly developed insect light trap 2011-11

34. Exploration of native Trichoderma spp. for the management of key soil borne diseases (Field pea and cole crops) in north east region

2012-15

Programme II: Development of Database on Major pest and Electronic networking

35. E-pest surveillance for major crops 2008-09

36. Development of Expert system for pest management in okra and brinjal 2011-13

37. GIS based automated crop pest mapping 2008-12

38. Development of plant protection personnel information system (P3IS)-1 2008-10


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39. Development of plant protection personnel information system (P3IS2)II 2010-12

40. Strengthening, refining and implementation of the expert system on wheat crop management

2006-09

41. Development of decision support system for mango in different agro-climatic zones of India

2013-16

Programme III: Development of models for forewarning and forecasting of pest of National Importance

42. Changing scenario of cotton pests in relation to cropping system and climate 2010-13

Programme IV: Socio Economic Issues and Impact Analysis of IPM Technology

43. Impact of IPM technologies on pesticide load in agriculture produce 2008-11

44. EIQ concept for evaluating IPM packages for cotton/ rice/vegetable crops in India 2009-12

45. EIQ concept for evaluating IPM programs in cotton and rice crops in India 2012-15

46. Impact assessment of pesticides on environment using EIQ tool under rice cropping system

2013-16

47. Study of socio- economic aspects and impact assessment in IPM technology in rice, cotton and selected oilseed crops

2006-10

48. Studies on the Pest Management Information delivery system for vegetable crops 2009-12

49. Impact assessment of IPM technology in groundnut and mustard 2011-13

50. Study on the constraints in adoption of IPM technologies in selected vegetable crops 2013-16

Programme IV: Human Resource Development in IPM

51. Organization of trainings

Externally Funded Project

S.No. Title of Project Duration B u d g e t lakhs `

Sponsored by Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

1. Development, validation, utilization and/or commercialization of bio pesticides and bio inoculants (TMC –MM-1-3.3)

2007-12 10.00

2. National information system for pest management in Bt. Cotton: location specific IPM module and awareness campaigns (DOCD) (Technology Mission on Cotton: Mini Mission–II)

2 0 0 8 - 1 0 2 0 1 0 - 1 2 2012-13

134.32 110.00; 100.00

3. Development and validation of IPM/IRM strategies for Bt and conventional cotton under different eco-systems (TMC-MM-I-3.2)

2008-12 18.27


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4. Mealybug Awareness Programme - Punjab (Sponsored by: Plant Protection Division, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India)

2008-09 8.00

5. Increasing production of chickpea and pigeonpea through intensive application of integrated pest management (NFSM-A3P, DAC, GOI)

2010-14 360.97

6. Demonstration, Promotion and Popularization of Adaptable IPM Technology in Tomato and Bell pepper (solanaceous vegetable crops) In a Wide Area in Farmers’ Participatory Approach (National Horticulture Mission)

2010- 13 9.20

Sponsored byNAIP

1. AGROWEB-Digital dissemination system for Indian agricultural research (ADDSIAR) (NAIP)

2008-10 14.36

2. Decision Support Systems for the management of insect pests of major rice and cotton based cropping systems (NAIP)

2008-13 22.32

3. Protected Cultivation of High Value Vegetables and Cut Flowers: A Value Chain Approach (NAIP)

2009- 14 67.85

Sponsored by Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana MoA, GOI

1. Awareness-cum- surveillance programme for management of major pests in soyabean-cotton- pigeonpea and chickpea in Maharashtra

2 0 0 9 - 1 0 2 0 1 0 - 1 1 2 0 1 1 - 1 2 2012-13

1 1 9 . 7 9 4 9 . 5 2 1 0 4 . 0 2 24.748

2. Awareness-cum-surveillance programme for the management of major pests of Rice in Odisha

2010-12 269.50

Sponsored by ICAR

1. Pest dynamics in relation to climate change (Target Crops: Rice, Pigeonpea, Groundnut, and Tomato & Mango) (National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR, GOI)

2010 -13 288.88

Sponsored by Ministry of Commerce & Industries

1. Technical Assistance Programme for Cotton in Malawi (Africa): Implementation of ICT based Pest Surveillance in Malawi (Africa)

2013-14 120.29

Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology

1. Exploration of native Trichoderma spp. for the management ofsoilborne diseases in North East Region (DBT)

2011- 14 25.07

Sponsored by Govt. of Maharashtra

1. Crop pest surveillance and advisory project for horticultural crops-pomegranate, mango and banana in Maharashtra

2011-13 20.00


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Sponsored by: Private Sector

1. Management of arthropod pests of greenhouses using predatory and parasitoids bio agents (BioBee Biological Systems Pvt. Ltd)

2011-12 4.00

2. Development and validation of IPM for whitegrub in western UP (Sponsored by Modi Sugar Mill)

2009-10 0.50

3. Screening plant extracts against insect pests and fungal pathogens of crop plants (National Innovation Foundation)

2009-12 9.75


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Appendix V

TABlES CITED IN THE TEXT

Table i: Pest incidence of Basmati rice (Dehraduni Basmati and Kasturi) plants under IPMand Farmers’ Practices (FP)at Doodhali in uttarakhand

Table ii: Pest incidence in Pusa Basmati 1121 at Atterna (2008), Sibouli (2008-10) and Bambawad (2010-12)

Major pests

Dehraduni Basmati (Type 3) Kasturi2008 2009 2010 2009 2010

IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FPPercentage of plants/leaves affectedStem borer 1.5 4.5 5.1 8.0 4.3 9.2 3.5 7.0 3.2 6.9 Leaf folder 7.0 10.0 4.2 8.5 4.8 8.9 2.5 5.2 2.7 5.4 Blast 6.0 17.0 Tr. 8.5 7.2 4.3 4.5 5.5 8.3 13.2Brown spot 2.5 5.0 7.3 12.5 8.4 14.8 4.0 7.2 7.5 11.9

PestAtterna Sibouli Bambawad

2008 2008 2009 2010 2010 2011 2012IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

Percentage of plants/leaves affectedStem borer 3.0 6.5 2.5 6.0 3.5 17.1 1.87 9.6 4.5 14.5 0.05 0.5 0.7 1.7Leaf folder 6.5 10.0 7.5 9.5 4.5 7.5 4.5 8.6 8.7 21.3 0.05 0.3 0.1 0.3BPH 17.5 35.0 15.0 38.0 1.5 6.5 7.8 32.5 7.5 35.5 6.94 8.8 1.3 1.4Neck Blast 7.0 18.0 9.5 18.5 7.3 16.5 3.5 7.9 - - - - - -BLB 5.0 9.0 3.5 7.5 4.1 11.4 4.9 12.6 4.2 11.3 - - - -Bakanae 3.5 8.0 3.0 9.5 Tr 19.6 Tr 23.4 Tr 28.3 5.5 17.8 3.3 14.7Beneficial (Nos./hill)Spider - - - - - - 7.4 2.3 12.5 4.5 9.7 7.0 7.7 5.9

Tr- Traces


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Table iii: Major pests incidence (%), yield and B-C ratio in organic vis-à-vis ITK and FP in basmati rice during kharif 2008 at Kaithal in Haryana.

Parameters organic IPM ITK FPStem borer 1.66 B 3.01 A 2.82 A

Leaf folder 5.76 B 5.81 B 8.59 A

Stem rot 5.00 A 5.39 A 5.79 A

Brown spot 6.74 B 5.95 C 8.51 A

BLB 1.70 C 3.97 B 4.71 A

Sheath blight 2.08 B 2.40 B 6.57 A

Blast 3.61 A 1.70 A 2.96 B

Bakanae 1.05 B 0.72 B 4.16 A

Yield (q/ha) 21.5 20.25 20.5Benefit/Cost Ratio 5.37 4.05 3.57

Means followed by the same letter in a row are statistically on par (p < 0.05)

Table iv: Yield and net return of IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in rice at various collaborating centres during kharif 2008

Centre Parameters PAu, ludhiana1

NDuAT, Faizabad2

CRRI, Cuttack3

CRuRRS, Hazaribagh4

VPKAS, Almora5

Basmati Non-basmatiIPM Yield (q/ha) 42.6 63.4 58.5 40.9 50.0

Net return (`) - 42,012 44,475 15,843 24,750

FP Yield (q/ha) 38.8 51.3 39.3 14.5 42.5

Net return (`) - 31,539 30,805 6,782 22,1251 Pusa 1121; 2 Sarju -52; 3 Swarna; 4 Anjali; 5 VL Dhan 85

Table v: Growth parameters, pest severity, yield (mean) and incremental cost-benefit ratio (ICBR) in IPM nursery and main field at Akki hebal during 2008-11

Treatment

Nursery Main fieldFNP/200cc

nursery

Nematode galls/20

seedlings

No. of tillers/ Plant

Nematode galls /20

plant

Plant height

(cm)

Dead hurts due

to stem borer/ m2

Yieldq/ha.

ICBR

T1

135 15.7 15 100 75 8.2 47.2 1:1.16T

2165 17.4 14 80 72.5 8.6 46.8 1:1.16

T3

192 27.2 12 90 70.2 7.3 43.0 1:1.16T

4320 66.4 12 440 68.0 18.0

Varieties viz. MTU1001, Thanu, Jyoti were taken up for the trial in all the above treatments, other practices adopted were planting of 2-3 seedlings / hill, application of fertilizers (N,P,K: 60,50,40kg/ha) and use of 25 kg / ha ZnSO

4 wherever

possible, pheromone traps for YSB, release of T. joponicum; FNP –Final nematode population.


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Table vi: Pooled data on root-knot nematode incidence, population, incremental cost-benefit ratio (ICBR) and yield of rice recorded during 2008-11 at Danichapori & Kacharipam

Treatment

galls/20 seedlings

Root population

(5 g)

Soil population(200

cc)

Yield q/ha

% increase ICBR

Danichapori (Initial nematode population- 416 Juvenile/100cc soil)T

1100 27 152 39.6 28.6 1:3.5

T2

115 29 160 35.2 14.4 1:4.1T

3118 32 186 33.0 7.1 1:2.2

T4

125 44 306 30.8 -Kacharipam (Initial nematode population- 422 Juvenile/100cc soil)T

198 26 150 40.5 29.6 1:3.5

T2

106 28 158 36.6 17.1 1:4.2T

3110 30 170 34.7 11.2 1:2.5

T4

118 37 292 31.2 - -

Table vii: Trainings and awareness materials (Nos,) developed and multiplied by NCIPM under Mealybug Awareness Programme in Punjab during 2008

District Master Trainers

Trainings of Progressive farmers

Villages covered

Village boards/ (Posters) displayed

Folders multiplied &distributed

Press clippings in newspapers

Barnala 2 10 50 50 / (6000) 7000 1Bhatinda 9 4 200 -- / (56000) 20000 3Ferozepur 10 22 200 --/ (320) -- --Faridkot 10 96 100 300 / (8000) 29000 --Mansa 5 30 150 237/ (15000) 25000 2Moga 7 10 50 150/ (40000) 12000 3Sangrur 4 10 50 201 / (--) 37000 3Muktsar 3 30 150 45 / ( --) 37000 --Total 50 212 950 983/ (1,25,320) 1,67,000 12


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Table viii: Comparative performance and efficacy of IPM strategies under A3P programme at different centres during 2013-14.

Centers Yield B-C ratio No of pesticide used Reduction in pesticideIPM Non IPM IPM Non IPM IPM Non IPM

PigeonpeaAnantapur 7.07 6.4 2.08 1.7 2 2 0Gulbarga 10.6 9.15 3.41 2.73 2 4 2Bidar 13.75 8.25 3.96 2.12 3 5 2

Jabalpur 13.12 7.51 0 0 2 3 1Badnapur 16 0 0 0 2 4 0Parbhani 12.3 0 3.37 2.39 2 8 6Naigoan 10.99 8.29 2.96 1.69 3 4 1Fatehpur 13.5 8.5 2.78 1.91 2 5 3Mirzapur 0 0 0 0 1 1 0Lohardaga 13.6 9.85 2.66 1.75 2 4 2ChickpeaAnantapur 12.75 9.4 1.97 1.43 3 2 -1Gulbarga 11.75 9.75 2.59 1.96 3 4 1Bidar 13.5 10.5 2.43 1.7 2 3 1Jabalpur 0 0 0 0 2 3 1Badnapur 8.5 0 0 0 2 2 0Parbhani 12.1 0 1.84 1.29 2 7 5Naigoan 21.48 13.76 4.27 1.83 2 4 2Fatehpur 0 0 0 0 1 4 3Mirzapur 0 0 0 0 2 2 0Lohardaga 11.9 8.7 2.76 1.91 1 3 2Mung & urdbeanBadnapur 4.5 4.5 3.1 1 2 1LentilJabalpur 13.5 9.98 0 0 0 0 0Mirzapur 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1Lohardaga 9.5 7.3 2.07 1.49 1 2 1


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Table ix: Pest incidence, yield and economics of groundnut in IPM and FP at Hanumangarh, and Vallabhnagar in Rajasthan during 2008-2010

Variable IPM FP2008 2009 2010 Mean 2008 2009 2010 Mean

HanumangarhCollar rot (%) 4.8 6.7 6.5 6.0 23.3 25.3 31.8 26.8

Early leaf spot (PDI)* 1.2 4.1 4.7 3.3 2.7 13.3 14.5 10.2Late leaf spot (PDI)* 1.2 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.7 4.7 5.2 3.8

Plant mortality due to Termite (%)

4.8 4.7 5.8 5.1 12.3 14.3 15.7 14.1

Mean Yield (q/ha) 27.1 31.3 29.3 29.2 14.7 18.0 17.0 16.6

Net Returns (`) 34148 53680 50736 46188 13309 25155 23852 20772

Benefit/cost ratio 2.5 3.2 3.0 2.9 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.1Vallabhnagar

Collar rot (%) 9.5 8.0 10.2 9.2 26.4 14.8 15.9 19.1

Early leaf spot (PDI)* 8.0 6.9 5.7 6.9 12.5 17.9 13.2 14.5

Late leaf spot (PDI)* 5.0 6.0 4.4 5.2 9.4 8.0 5.5 7.6

Aphid (No. /leaf) 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 3.5 3.0 0.0 2.1

Jassid (No. /leaf) 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.6 2.7 3.5 0.0 2.0

Plant mortality due to white grub (%)

5.1 4.3 1.8 3.8 12.0 10.9 6.4 9.8

Mean yield (q/ha) 12.8 15.3 15.0 14.4 7.2 11.6 11.1 9.9

Net Returns (`) 13,240 30430 32,725 25,465 5,044 21,935 22,216 16,398

B-C ratio 2.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.2

*1-9 score; PDI-Percent disease index

Table x: Mean disease, insect pest incidence, yield and economics in groundnut in Kadiri Mandal (AP) during kharif 2008 and 2010

VariablesIPM FP

2008 2010 Mean 2008 2010 MeanCollar rot (%) 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 3.4 1.7

Dry root rot (%) 2.9 2.8 2.8 12.9 7.0 10.0Stem rot (%) 4.2 2.6 3.4 12.0 6.7 9.3

PSND* (%) 4.8 2.1 3.5 20.1 7.5 13.8

Late Leaf spot (1-9 scale) 2.4 35.5 19.0 5.4 79.2 42.3

Thrips (No. /leaf) 0.0 25.3 12.6 0.0 57.6 28.8

Leaf miner (No. /leaf) 0.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 20.5 10.3

Groundnut mean yield (q/ha) 8.6 7.8 8.2 6.5 6.5 6.5

Net Returns (`) 22,167 13,661 17,914 15,099 9,419 12,259

B-C ratio 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.7 2.0*PSND- Peanut Stem Necrosis Disease


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Table xi: Effect of different treatments on nematode population in groundnut (2008 to 2010)

Treatment*

Initial nematode population

Final nematode population

% decr.(-)/incr.(+)in nematode population

2008 09 10 Av. 2008 09 10 Av. 2008 09 10 Av.T

1222 211 341 258 164 155 255 191 -26.1 -26.5 -25.2 -25.9

T2

243 246 291 260 133 136 180 150 -45.3 -44.7 -38.1 -42.7T

3243 234 280 252 380 365 405 383 +56.4 +56.0 + 44.6 52.3

*T1 Application of castor cake @ 1000 kg/ha + neem oil @ 5 lit./ha with 10g detergent ;

T2 Seed treatment with carbosulfan 25 DS @ 3% a.i W/W; T

3 Control

Table xii: Mean disease, insect pest incidence, yield and economics in mustard in Alwar district (Rajasthan) during rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10

VariablesIPM FP

2008-09 2009-10 Mean 2008-09 2009-10 MeanAlternaria leaf blight (%) 7.2 12.2 9.7 10.4 14.7 12.5White rust(%) 7.4 10.8 9.1 11.5 13.0 11.1Powdery mildew (%) 6.6 6.6 6.6 9.5 7.8 8.6Stem rot (%) 0.9 3.3 2.1 2.2 5.9 4.03Aphid/10 cm central twig(No.) 21.8 15.2 18.5 27.4 20.0 23.7Lady bird beetle (No.) 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.4 1.3 1.9Yield (q/ha) 22.4 21.2 21.82 22.3 18.3 20.3

Net return in IPM (`) 31855 27926 29891 31159 22704 26932

B-C ratio 3.10 2.50 2.8 2.96 2.32 2.64

Table xiii: Economic viability of Trichoderma-based (Module I), Garlic clove extract based (Module II) and Farmers’ Practices (FP) against Sclerotinia rot of Indian mustard at Sriganganagar and Alwar

Management practices

Per cent Sclerotinia rot Yield (t/ha) B-CRatio2008- 09* 2009-

10*2010-11*

Mean** 2008-09*

2009- 10*

2010-11*

Mean **

Sriganganagar (Rajasthan)Module I 4.2 4.8 6.0 5.0 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 3.8Module II 6.6 10.4 14.0 10.4 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0FP 20.2 22.5 25.7 22.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 -CD (P= 0.05) 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.1 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.3 - Alwar (Rajasthan)Module I 0.6 19.5 8.0 9.4 2.5 1.5 2.40 2.1 3.7Module II 0.8 31.3 15.0 15.7 2.3 1.2 2.16 1.9 1.6FP 1.5 56.5 24.5 27.5 2.1 1.0 2.06 1.7 -CD (P=0.05) 1.2 13.3 7.5 11.2 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 -


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gurgaon(Haryana)Module I 1.4 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.61 2.2 3.1Module II 1.9 4.3 8.4 4.8 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.2FP 4.2 7.5 10.0 7.2 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.7 -CD (P=0.05) 2.1 0.7 0.9 4.6 1.3 0.5 1.0 3.3 -

*Average of 9 replications; ** Average of 27 replications.

Table xiv: Effect of bio-pesticides and botanical on Sclerotinia stem rot incidence and seed yield of Indian mustard

Treatment Incidence (%) of Sclerotinia rot Seed Yield (q/ha)2008-

092009-

102010-

11Mean 2008-

092009-

102010-

11Mean

T1 =seed treatment with T. viride + T.

hamatum @ 10g / kg seed1.1e

(6.0)45.8d

(42.6)4.4c

(12.1)17.1

(24.4)23.6c 22.5a 24.3b 23.5

T2 = T

1+ Soil application of T. viride

+ T. hamatum @ 2.5 kg mixed with 50 kg FYM / acre

1.2d

(6.3)41.0e

(39.8)3.0d

(10.0)15.1

(22.8)25.3bc 22.8a 27.4a 25.2

T3 = T

2+ spray T.viride +T. hamatum

@ 0.2% at 50 & 70 DAS0.4f

(3.6)32.4f

(34.7)0.5e

(4.1)11.1

(19.4)29.4a 23.5a 28.7a 27.2

T4= Seed treatment with garlic clove

extract @ 2% (W/V)1.8b

(7.7)58.8b

(49.5)3.9cd

(11.4)21.5

(27.6)22.5cd 23.2a 22.6c 22.8

T5 = T

4+ spray of garlic clove

extract@ 2% (W/V) at 50 & 70 DAS1.7c

(7.5)50.6c

(45.3)3.6cd

(10.9)18.6

(25.6)25.8b 23.3a 26.2ab 25.1

T6= Seed treatment with

carbendazim@ 2g / kg1.4c

(6.8)50.2c

(45.1)5.9b

(14.1)19.2

(26.0)18.9e 22.1a 21.9c 21.0

T7 = T

6+ spray with carbendazim@

2g / L1.0e

(5.7)43.8e

(41.4)3.1cd

(10.1)16.0

(23.6)21 .5d 22.3a 28.0a 23.9

T8 = control (untreated & only water

spray)2.7a

(9.6)70.1a

(56.9)7.8a

(16.2)26.9

(31.2)16.5f 16.3b 20.4d 17.7

DMRT analysis was followed; figures with same letters are not different significantly

Table xv: Pest scenario in IPM and Farmers’ Practices (FP) in tomato at Daluhera in Meerut during 2007-08 and 2008-09

Parameters 2007-08 2008-09IPM FP IPM FP

Aphids/plant (No.) 16.0 29.4 24.4 40.6Fruit borer (%) 8.1 17.6 5.2 11.5Leaf curl (%) 4.6 11.8 2.6 10.5Late blight (%) 10.8 28.1 18.8 25.3Sun scald (%) 7.4 9.5 7.8 8.4Number of sprays 6.6 11.2 7.0 11.0Mean yield (q/ha) 190.4 171.2 451.3 420.4B-C ratio 1.92 1.65 4.85 4.47


NCIPM

Table xvi: Population, yield and Incremental Cost-Benefit Ratio (ICBR) of Meloidogyne incognita in brinjal and tomato (Average of three locations)

Treatment Final nematode population

%(-) Root knot incidence

%(-) Yield(q/ha) %(+) ICBR

BrinjalT

1205 52.3 3.3 22.7 206.3 12.3 1:6.0

T2

181 57.9 2.8 34.4 226.7 23.4 1:3.5T

3430 - 4.3 - 183.7 -

TomatoT

1212 43.3 3.2 26.9 328.0 8.7 1:3.0

T2

194 48.4 2.7 39.3 348.7 15.6 1:3.2T

3374 4.4 301.7 - -

Table xvii: Pest scenario and economic analysis in IPM and FP fields of bell pepper at Daha-Bajindan in Karnal (2007-08 to 2011-12)

Variable2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

Thrips /leaf (No.) 2.2 3.1 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.6 1.9 3.3

Mites/leaf (No.) 1.4 2.6 1.4 2.2 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.2

Aphids/plant (No.) 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.8 0.00 0.4 - -

Gall midge (%fruit damage)

- - 8.0 11.2 6.0 9.4 - -

Fruit borer (%) 4.1 12.8 3.2 6.8 3.1 8.7 2.7 13.1

Leaf spot (PDI)* 26.1 36.7 17.5 24.6 8.9 10.6 21.9 27.4

Powdery mildew (PDI)*

17.3 28.0 50.1 70.2 15.9 18.6 37.8 39.8

Die-back/ Anthracnose (%)

9.8 17.5 10.7 12.1 14.3 16.7 17.6 20.8

Fusarium wilt(%) 17.9 27.3 12.8 19.9 12.0 13.4 9.4 13.0

No. chemical sprays 12.0 17.0 8.0 22.0 10.0 17.0 6.0 19.0

Mean yield (q/ha) 27.6 22.8 35.5 26.0 30.7 25.0 15.0 10.0

B-C ratio 3.4 2.2 7.6 5.0 10.2 6.7 3.7 1.9


NCIPM

Table xviii: Pest scenario in hot pepper at Nelahal, Raichur, Karnataka (2008-09 to 2011-12)

Variable 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

Thrips /leaf (No.) 2.2 3.1 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.6 1.9 3.3Mites/leaf (No.) 1.4 2.6 1.4 2.2 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.2Aphids/plant (No.) 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.8 0.00 0.4 - -Gall midge (%fruit damage) - - 8.0 11.2 6.0 9.4 - -Fruit borer (%) 4.1 12.8 3.2 6.8 3.1 8.7 2.7 13.1Leaf spot (PDI)* 26.1 36.7 17.5 24.6 8.9 10.6 21.9 27.4Powdery mildew (PDI)* 17.3 28.0 50.1 70.2 15.9 18.6 37.8 39.8Die-back/ Anthracnose (%) 9.8 17.5 10.7 12.1 14.3 16.7 17.6 20.8Fusarium wilt(%) 17.9 27.3 12.8 19.9 12.0 13.4 9.4 13.0No. chemical sprays 12.0 17.0 8.0 22.0 10.0 17.0 6.0 19.0Mean yield (q/ha) 27.6 22.8 35.5 26.0 30.7 25.0 15.0 10.0B-C ratio 3.4 2.2 7.6 5.0 10.2 6.7 3.7 1.9

*PDI-Percent disease index

Table xix: Pest status and economics in IPM and FP of onion in Singoha-Singohi-Rambha, Karnal (Haryana) during 2012-13

Variable IPM FP

PestThrips/plant 5.1 9.2Stemphylium blight (0-9) 2.1 5.5Onion yellow dwarf 0.4 1.2EconomicsNumber of chemical sprays 5.3 8.7Cost of plant protection/sprays (Rs/ha) 7687.5 6625.0Cost of cultivation including plant protection (`/ha) 80575 80762.7Mean yield (q/ha) 181.3 165.8B-C ratio 2.24 2.04


NCIPM

Table xx: Pest incidence, yield and economics of cauliflower grown in rainy /winter seasons at Palari, Sonipat, Haryana (Mean for 4 yrs)

Variable Rainy season1 Rabi season2

IPM FP IPM FPNo. of head borer larvae /10 plants 0.4 0.7 - -S.litura infestation(%) 4.8 9.8 - -Aphids/plant (No.) - - 3.9 7.6Damping off incidence(%) 3.8 7.7 3.4 8.8Alternarialeaf spot incidence(%) 3.1 8.7 2.6 6.7Parasitization (%)of S.litura larvae by Cotesia glomeratus

8.8 2.8 - -

Number of sprays of pesticides 4.5 8.6 2.3 5.5

Total cost of production `/ha (all inputs) 38035 44961 25167 28736

Yield (q/ha) 65 57 226 206

Total Returns (`/ha) 170690 149625 154132 140492

Net Returns (`/ha) 132655 104664 128965 111756

B-C ratio 4.5 3.3 6.1 4.9Rates of cauliflower: rainy season ` 2625 /q1 ` 682/q2 Total cost included: Labour cost for nursery sowing, transplanting, fertilizer application, hand weeding, pesticide application, Material cost like seed, pesticides, bio control agents, fertilizers, water etc.

Table xxi: Mean incidence of different pests, yield and its economics of cauliflower/cabbage grown at Anantpura (Jaipur: Rajasthan) (Mean 2008 and 2009)

Variable Rainy season cauliflower Winter season cabbageIPM FP IPM FP

S.liturainfestation (%) 5.7 12.5 - -Painted bug/10 plants(No.) 1.4 4.0 - -Larvae of DBM/10plant(No.) - - 0.4 1.1Damping off incidence(%) 3.0 7.9 5.7 11.5Number of aphids/plant - - 3.1 6.5Alternaria leaf spot (%) 4.2 11.7 1.5 3.1Number of sprays of pesticide 4.5 10.5 3.0 5.6

Total cost of production `/ha 43841 49828 49918 57633

Mean Yield (q/ha) 81 69 437 393

Total Returns (`/ha) 189378 165784 180481 162309

Net Returns (`/ha) 145537 118394 175489 104676

B-C ratio 4.3 3.3 3.6 2.8


NCIPM

Table xxii: Pest incidence and economics of production of capsicum/cabbage/ginger 2008-11 (Mean)

Variable Cabbage Capsicum gingerIPM FP IPM FP IPM FP

Percentage pest incidenceCollar rot incidence 11.3 30.7 - -Black leg incidence 9.0 19.1 - -Head rot incidence 12.0 23.7Cut worm incidence 3.7 8.5 2.5 7.4 - -Cabbage butterfly incidence 5.7 8.9 - -Aphid incidence 3.0 6.4 - -Spodoptera incidence 3.7 6.9 - -Thrips incidence 5.4 9.4Bagrada incidence 3.1 6.5 - -Damping off 2.7 6.2 7.5 27.0 - -Colletotrichumleaf spot - - 9.7 21.0 - -Phytophthora fruit rot - - 13.0 25.5 - -Leaf spot incidence - - 13.3 24.2Rhizome rot incidence - - 11.0 19.3White grub incidence - - 2.2 5.7 3.7 7.6Rhizome maggot - - 3.1 7.3Economic AnalysisMean Yield (q/ha) 136 122 129 113 109 83B-C ratio 2.1 1.5 3.4 1.8 3.0 2.2

Table xxiii: Mean incidence of different pests, yield and economics of cultivation in Kesar and Alphonso varieties of mango during 2013

Parameter Kesar* Alphonso**IPM FP IPM FP

PestsHoppers/twig or panicle 3.37 6.85 3.35 6.82Thrips/twig or panicle 5.87 11.02 3.20 6.15Fruit Fly (% fruit damage) 3.80 8.62 4.00 6.80Powdery mildew (% disease intensity) 4.40 7.85 4.60 6.70Anthracnose (% disease intensity) 8.27 14.32 6.57 12.30EconomicsFruit bearing (No. of fruits/ tree) 370.25 265.65 547.20 344.40No. of sprays of pesticide 6 11 6 12Total cost of cultivation Rs/ha (all inputs) 25004 36108 33404 48068

Mean Yield (kg/ ha) 9236 6641 13680 8610B-C ratio 6.46 3.21 11.26 4.92

Market price: Kesar: Rs 350/20 Kg Alphonso: Rs 550/20 Kg


NCIPM

Appendix VI

lIST oF STAFF MEMBERS

Director : 1

Scientific staff:

Discipline Name

Pr. Scientist Sr. Scientist Scientist Total QRT suggestionCadre

strengthIn

positionCadre

strengthIn

positionCadre

strengthIn

positionCadre

strengthIn

positionAgri. Economics

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2

Agri. Entomology

4 2 5 2 5 4 14 8 8

Agri.Extension.

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

Agri. Statistics 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2Comp. Application

0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 2

Geography 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0Nemato. 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2Org, Chem. 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0Pl.Pathology 0 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 8Microbiology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Agronomyt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1Weed science (Agronomy)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

SubTotal 4 3 6 3 17 14 27 20 27

Technical Staff:

group Name T 1 T 3 Total QRT suggestionCadre

strengthIn

positionCadre

strengthIn

positionCadre

strengthIn

positionField/Farm Technicians 4 4 5 5 9 9

32

Library/Information/Documentation Staff

0 0 0 0 0 0

Photography Staff 0 0 1 1 1 1Driver -Workshop Staff including Engineering Workshop

2 2 0 0 2 2

Sub Total 6 6 6 6 12 12


NCIPM

Administrative:

Designation NameNumber of Sanctioned Posts

Cadre strength In positionAdministrative Officer 1 1Sr. Finance & Accounts Officer - 1Assistant Administrative Officer 1 1Assistant Finance & Accounts Officer 1 1Personnel Secretary 1 1Assistant 3 1Lower Divisional Clerk 2 2Upper Divisional Clerk 1 1Steno Grade III 1 1Skilled Support Staff 12 2Personnel Assistant 1 9

Sub total 24 21

Scientific staff

Dr. D.K. Garg, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci. (Agril. Ento.)(Expired, Sept, 2012)

Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Singh Pr. Sci.(Pl. Path.)(Superannuation, 2013)

Dr. D.B. Ahuja, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Agril. Entomology)

Dr. O.P. Sharma, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Plant Pathology)

Dr. H.R. Sardana, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Agril. Entomology)

Dr. R.K. Tanwar, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Agril. Entomology)

Dr. (Mrs.) S. Vennila, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Agril. Entomology)

Dr. M. N. Bhat, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Plant Pathology)

Dr. Mukesh Sehgal, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Nematology)

Dr. Naved Sabir, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Nematology)

Dr. S.K. Singh, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Agril.Entomology)

Dr. (Mrs.) Sumitra Arora, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Organic Chemistry)

Dr. M.S. Yadav, M.Sc., Ph.D. Pr. Sci.(Plant Pathology)

Dr. R.V. Singh, M.Sc., Ph.D. Sr.Sci. (Agril. Extension)

Dr. P. Jeyakumar,M.Sc., Ph.D. Sr.Sci. (Agril. Entomology)

Dr. Someshwar Bhagat, M.Sc., Ph.D. Sr.Sci. (Plant Pathology)

Dr. (Mrs.) AjantaBirah,M.Sc., Ph.D. Sr.Sci. (Agril. Entomology)

Sh. Vikas Kanwar, M.A. Scientist (Agril. Economics)

Sh. Niranjan Singh, M.Sc. Scientist (Computer Application)

Sh. A.K. Kanojia, M.Sc. Scientist (Geography)

Ms. Meenakshi Malik, M.Sc. Scientist (Agril. Statistics)

Mr. Rakesh Kumar, M. Sc. Scientist (Agril. Entomology)


NCIPM

Technical staff

Sh. P.V. Verma Assistant Chief Technical Officer, T(7-8)

Sh. S.P. Singh Assistant Chief Technical Officer, T(7-8)

Dr. Nasim Ahmad Assistant Chief Technical Officer, T(7-8)

Mrs. Neelam Mehta Technical Officer, T-5

Sh. Satendar Chandra Technical Assistant, T-3

Sh. Nirmal Kumar Technical Assistant, T-3

Sh. Ashok Kumar Technical Assistant, T-2

Sh. Satish Babu Technical Assistant, T-2

Sh. Suresh Pal Technical Assistant, T-2

Administrative staff

Sh. A.K. Agarwal Administrative Officer(since 24/05/ 2012)

Sh. Krishan Kumar Sr. Fin.& Acc. Officer (since 01/11/2012)

Sh. M.R. Sharma, Assistant Administrative Officer

Shri M.K. Mulani Assistant Finance & Accounts Officer

Sh.B. Balmiki Assistant

Sh. Navdeep Dutta Assistant

Shri B.S. Tewatia Private Secretary (PS)

Mrs. Sangeeta Malhotra Personal Assistant (PA)

Mrs. Anima Lugun Stenographer Grade III

Sh. B. Chaudhary U.D.C.

Sh. Pardeep Kumar U.D.C. (since 12th December 2012)

Sh. Suresh Yadav L.D.C.

Supporting staff

Smt. Shingari Devi

Sh. Raj Kumar

Sh. Rajendra Kumar Shah

Sh. U.S. Mishra

Sh. Sunil Kumar

Smt. Kamla Devi

Sh. Mahesh Kumar

Sh. Dyal Chand

Smt. Sarita Kumari


NCIPM

Appendix VII

list of Scientific equipments (costing more than Rs. 25,000/- ) procured during 2008-13

Name of Items Date of Purchase Value Qty Source of Fund

2008-09Scanner 812/29/12/2008 31668 1 NAIP CPU Monitor 116/16/7/2008 125467 2 NAIPMF Printer 368/11/2/2009 48450 1 TMCLaptop 3 Nos DIPL/® 164/08-09/30/12/2008 184941 3 NISPM

Laptop HP 6730S ODSPL/08-09/710;25/3/2009 56784 1 IPRComputer with Accessories 435/28/3/2009 44595 1 IPRComputer / Printer / Scanner LIPL/DW/08-09/0673 644688 12 NISPMe-STEDIO Photocopier 1634/31/3/2009 57048 1 NISPMVideo Camera 5012979 13-2-2009 762080 16 NISPMSony Still Cameras 5014479/31/3/2009 31980 2 GPS System Etrex Vista HCX 1477 dt 25/3/2009 303200 16 NISPMUPS LIPL/DW/08-09/670

27/3/200976200 12 NISPM

1.4 KVA Invertor cum UPS with batteries and trolley

RE-11 Dt 31/3/2009 31250 1 IPR

2009-10

UPS-1KVA PE/09-10/0111/27/8/09 75256 9 PlanReporting System-pest Monitoring in Bt Cotton

TIT/DW2/042/18/2/10 193025 1 NISPM

Rack Serve r MCT/09-10/1026/29/3/10 281110 1 NISPMLap Top Sony VAIO VGN SR-46 158/20/7/2009 70000 1 CROPSAPLap-Top Dell E-6400 MCT/09-10/0230; 28/7/09 69580 1 NIF-NCIPMComputer with Accessories K/C/R1/09-10/04320/8/09 86018 2 CROPSAPComputer with Accessories 0407/26/8/09 447566.8 10 PlanPrinter Colour(1515) 658/14/10.09 19963 1 NAIPPrinter Colour(1515) KC/RI/09-10/043/20/8/09 48766 3 CROPSAPPrinter Colour(Samsung) 0407/26/8/09 101745 8 PlanPortable GIS Unit with External 500 GB Hard Disk

317/23/9/09 81380 1 CROPSAP

Laptop 468/14/12/09 64740 1 PlanGIS Workstation MCT/09-10/0334/2/9/09 159088 1 CROPSAPCISCO 1841 Router Fixed with server 2010036831/3-3-2010 104475 1 Plan


NCIPM

LCD Multi Media Projector 356/22/7/2009 186635 2 PlanDigital cameras 5019336/8/8/09 1339060 82 CROPSAPDigital camera 5025513/9/12/09 172800 8 PlanDigital Camera SLR with Accessories Canon

A-6479/15/02/10 80690 1 NAIP

Digital Camera SLR with Accessories Nikon

003/10/3/10 44850 1 CROPSAP)

Lens 70-300mmf/4-5.6 IS USM for Digital Camera SLR Canon

A-6478/15/2/10 38995 1 NAIP

Microwave 28 ltr ( Samsung) 1138/09-10/3/12/09 34480 4 PlanRefrigerator 175 ltr ( LG 2 Nos.) 461 (LG 01)

1138/09-10/3/12/09 53080 3 Plan

Laminar Flow SINC/PI/09-10/81/30/3/10 33525 1 NAIP2BOD Incubator Sinco/09-10/111/18/01/10 127688 2 PlanLeaf Area Metter 10292/15/3/10 222621 1 NAIPWeighing Balance PIPL/133/09-10/18.12.2009 39416 1 NAIPGPS System E trex Vista HCX 1571/14.7.09 1299400 89 CROPSAPUPS-3KVA PE/09-10/0128/9/9/09 93174 1 CROPSAPInverter Cum UPS 205 KVA with Batteries 150Ah

09-55/5/11/09 70095 1SOYABEAN-Cotton (MS)

Fire Extinguisher 048/30/1/10 93304 23 PlanXerox Machine 485/10/8/09 189788 2 PLANChair (High Push Back) F0901535/24.10.2009 65586 12 Spryer and Nozzles with Accessories 1939/29/3/10 59665 4 NAIP-

SoftwareSLINCIPM/GIS012009-10 Dt21/10/2009

450000 1 CROPSAP

FMS to Website SoftwarePSPLTL/1023-89 Dt 24/12/2009

351857 1 CROPSAP

Online Crop Pest Data SoftwareTIT/DWA/026 Dt 17-11-2009

98718 1 NAIP

Software T.I.T/DWA/011/8/7/9 137875 1 CROPSAPGIS Based Software on Tur-gram SL/NCIPM/GIS-02/09 200000 1 CROPSAP

2010-11

Server MCT/10-11/0495/30/10/2010 342408 1 Plan Laptop NCT/10-11/0179/23/6/2010 1305924 26 RKVYComputer with Accessories PE/10-11/0219/27/9/2010 79590 2 RKVYNet Book Mini 0198/10-11/17/9/2010 73710 3 NFSMComputer with Accessories MCT/10-11/0479/22/10/2010 79590 2 NFSMLaptop Dell Latitude E-4310 HCT/10-11/0591/25.11.2010 129990 2 RKVY


NCIPM

SoftwareNCIPM-FIS/GIS-02/2010-2011/22.11.10

143468 1 CROPSAP

Software1/2011-2011/Dec/085/20.12.10

180000 1 NFSM

SMS Module for Chickpea Pigeonpea I/2011-2011/Oct/067 85000 1 NFSMComputer Dell MCT/10-11/0846/31.01.2011 117432 3 PlanRecho-Printer MCT/10-11/0846/31.01.2011 33408 3 PlanScanner MCT/10-11/0846/31.01.2011 57003 1 PlanSoftware window -7 PE/10-11/0215/4.11.2010 58403 PlanSoftware Rice Odisha SER/038 dt. 15.7.2010 193025 RKVYLap Top and Printer (Image Analysis system with photo quality printer) ( Microscope Accessories)

0000127/16.4.10 115500 2 NAIP

GIS SoftwareSL/NCIPM/GIS01/2010-2011/30.sep.2010

234000 1 RKVY

GPS Data LoggerNCIPM-GPS/GPS-03/2010-2011/dt.18.3.2011

515000 10 Plan

MFE Network Security HW from NICSI P681/ND dated 25/2/2011 480031 1 NICRADigital Cameras 5034483/8/7/2010 333270 23 RKVY

Sony Video CameraSISPL/RI/361/10-11/9-12-2010

450000 8 Plan

LCD Projector 12/405/27/9/2010 133151 1 Plan

Auto ClaveSINCO/2010-11/Sanco099/24/9/2010

143550 2 Plan

BOD IncubatorSINCO/2010-11/Sanco/098/24/9/2010

66825 1 Plan

Hot Air OvenSINCO/2010-11/Sanco/098/24/9/2010

29025 1 Plan

GPS System E trex Vista HCX AI-2010-11/T1064/20.7.10 390600 28 RKVY-Orissa

GPS System E trex Vista HCXAI-2010-11-TI-197/28.12.2010

83700 6 Plan

ElectroForce 490/dt.5.3.2011 73125 1 NFSM PCR Accessories (Laptop,UPS,Printer)

012/dt.21.3.2011 66500 3 NFSM

Dry Bath 011/21/3/11 48000 NFSM

GPS System E trex Vista HCXAI-2010-11-TI-196/28.12.2010

41850 3 NFSM

Microwave oven 30 2895/10-11/28/8/2010 30797 2 PlanCompound Microscope with accessories KKA1132/25/2/10 1073907 1 PlanStereo-zoom Microscope with accessories

KKA1160/04/3/10 1278411 3 Plan

Compound Microscope with accessories KKA114/25/2/2010 730422 1 NAIP-Component-2Rhizotorn Meter with accessories 10296/29/03/2010 1193136 1

Fluorescence Meter with accessories R10-00193/23/04/10 185382 15 KVK UPS MCT/10-11/0510/9.11.10 126707 RKVY


NCIPM

5KVA Portable Gen Set 25/15/9/2010 190938 1 CROPSAP1KVA UPS Luminous MCT/10-11/0512/6.11.10 45595.99 5 RKVYAC Split 2 Ton, stabilizer 4KVA Iron stand one Installation charges

1538/22/7/2010 30500 1 RKVY

EPABX ( Matrix) 153/9/9/2010 205376 1 PlanXerox Machine DDC/0860/22/9/2010 50078 1 NFSMFranking Machine NIOIPSI/498/29.3.2011 129353 PlanCub-Board Bio-control Lab 594/29.10.2010 56250 1502ft RKVYFabrication of Cabins 594/29.10.2010 141750 2252ft RKVYWorking Table 594/29.10.2010 46500 1242ft RKVY Server Rack 0329/10-11;24.9.2010 34073 1 Plan

2011-12

Work station Dell Vostro mini tower 460with Accessories with APC UPS 1100VA

14/7/2011 77524 1 NICRA

Computer HP-8100 V-pro i-5 DGS&D RC Sl.No-183 with TFT 18” DVD Wrt

28/3/2011 416640 10 NICRA

Computer with Accessories Dell 980 with Accessories Addon 2GB DDR Ram & Graphic card 256 MB

18/02/2012 134981 3CROPSAP Hort.

Dell Server-R-910 with Accessories 14/7/2011 639215 1 NICRAHP printer CP-5015 DN Colour lazerjet 25/11/2011 358800 1 NICRAHP Scanner 2410 29-07-11 26950 7 NICRALap Top Dell Latitude E6410 i-7 15/4/2011 324975 5 NICRALap Top Dell Latitude E6410 i-7 30/4/2011 65727 1 Plan Laptop HP-i5 4330S with Accessories (MS Office-3, Trendmicro Antivirus)

22/3/2012 159180 3CROPSAP Horti.

MatLab statistical software 17.1.2012 458244 1 CROPSAPMini ACER Note Book Aspire 21/06/11 39800 2 NICRAPrinter 1536DNF 28/5/2011 37842 2 NICRAPrinter 1606 DN 22/3/2011 23322.6 2 NICRAPrinter 1606 DN 22/3/2011 128274 11 NICRA

Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.12.2011 30000 1Bio Bee Project

SQL Server 2008 software with license 25.03.2011 182730 1 NICRASoft ware M.S office 2010P professional/software adobe acro bat professional

25/04/11 265000 2 NICRA

Software e-pest surveillance for Horticultural Crop

7.11-12 137875 1 CROPSAP

Airpurifier Mark V 1No. Hi- media 24/12/2011 35670 1 NICRA


NCIPM

BOD Incubator shaker 10.04.2011 110250 1 NFSMDynamica Velocity Range-Refrigerated Bench top centrifuge model 18R with Accessories

15/7/2011 287373 1 NSFM

GPS eTrex H wrist strap owner’s manual quick start quide

12-05-2011 191393 35 NICRA

GPS eTrex H wrist strap owner’s manual quick start quide

27/3/2012 37120 6 NICRA

Life pro Gradient PCR System with acce. 14.07.2011 464766 1 NFSMOlympus Binocular Microscope 15/1-12 39263 1 PlanRefrigerator 240 ltr LG 28/3/2012 36700 2 NICRAWater distillation Unit Vertical Model No WDU Double water distillation IARI Cat No-195 2010-2011

2-5-11 36955 1 Plan

Water distillation Unit Vertical Model No WDU Double water distillation IARI Cat No-195 2010-2011

21/11/2011 36955 1 Plan

Sony camera sr.no. 8678207 8/Oct/11 28552 2 NICRA10KV UPS 28/6/2011 419500 1 NICRASplit AC LG 1.5 Ton with all Accessories ( Stabilizer 4KVA and out door stand)

29/3/2012 31050 1 NICRA

Split AC LG 1.5 Ton with all Accessories ( Stabilizer 4KVA and out door stand)

24/8/2012 62100 2 NICRA

Luminous 1 KVA ups 28/5/2011 91192 10 NICRAUPS 1KVA Pulse tech 01-06-2012 34742 4

CROPSAP Horticulture

Xerox Machine SHARP-5516 Duplex 13/1/2012 274986 3Xerox Machine SHARP-M 452U Duplex Automatic

13/1/2012 185850 1

Xerox Machine Toshiba fully Automatic E-Studio 305

3.3.2011 194040 1 NICRA

Conference Table 29/03/2012 56250 1 Plan& CROPSAP

Executive Table with Side Computer Table

29/03/2012 47250 4

Office Table 29/03/2012 314312 10Revolving Chair 3/20121 229937 81Steel Book Self/Case 29/03/2012 37125 6Steel Rack 29/03/2012 28350 6Visitor chair 29/3/2012 74925 36Worden Work station 12-05-2011 33750 1 PlanHigh Back Chair 29.03.2012 41186.25 10


NCIPM

2012-13

Computer i-7 13/July/2012 131631.99 3 Non PlanHigh end Scanner 22-10-2012 347600 2 PlanSetting up New web server 19/12/2012 68540 1HP Computer i7 28/02/2013 175510 4

CROPSAPPrinter HP Multifunctional M-575 F 22/03/2013 231840 2Laminar Flow 11-10-2012 65250 1 Plan Analytical Balance 3/12/2012 55182 1 Plan Insect Storage Box ;with Cabinet 30/01/13 43313 1 PlanLaminar Flow 18/02/2013 61875 1 Plan Table Centrifuge 14/03/2013 42239 1 Plan LED Stereo Zoom Microscope 26/02/2013 39375 1 Plan Deep Freezer DWFL-270 30/03/20123 122462 1 NFSMAir Condition Split 05nos 1-9-2012- 189997 5 Non PlanAir Condition Split 29/11/2012 38167 1 PlanUPS 5KB Cum Invertor 28/9/13 246622 2 PlanAC Split 1.5 Ton 3-star 28/03/2013 71800 2 PlanBiometric Machine 22/03/2013 79000 4


NCIPM

YEAR –WISE (2007-14) EXPENDITuRE DuRINg XI PlAN ( ` in lakh)

Budget Plan Non-Plan

2007-08


Actual Expenditure 91.78 167.61

2008-09



2009-10



2010-11



2011-12



2012-13



2013-14



Appendix VIII


NCIPM

External Funded Projects

S.No. Sponsoring Agency Year Budget ( ` in lakh)

TMC–MM-1-3.3 2007-12 10.00

Technology Mission on Cotton: Mini Mission I-3.2 2008-12 18.27

Technology Mission on Cotton: Mini Mission–II 2008-10 134.32

2010-12 110.00

2012-13 100.00

2013-14 100.00

Plant Protection Division, DAC, MoA, GOI 2008-09 8.00

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana- 2ndGreen Revolution, Odisha 2010-12 269.50

RKVY, MoA, GOI (CROPSAP) 2009-10 119.79

2010-11 49.52

2011-12 104.02

2012-13 24.748

NFSM-A3P, DAC, GOI 2011-14 360.97

National Horticulture Mission 2010-13 9.20

NAIP 2008-10 14.36

NAIP 2009- 14 67.85

BioBee Biological Pvt. Ltd. 2011-12 4.00

Modi Sugar Mill 2009-10 0.50

DBT 2011-14 25.07

Total 1530.118


NCIPM

list of Central Integrated Pest Management Centres State-wise

CIPMC StatesRegional CIPMCs, in-charge-Deputy Director/Assistant Director (Staff Strength- 22-25)

1. Guwahati Assam2. Bangalore Karnataka3. Faridabad Haryana4. Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh5. Nagpur MaharashtraMajor CIPMCs, n-charge-Plant Protection officer (ento./patho) (Staff Strength- 15-18)

6. Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh7. Patna Bihar8. Raipur Chhattisgarh9. Ranchi Jharkhand10. Bhubaneswar Odisha11. Jalandhar Punjab12. Lucknow Uttar Pradesh13. Kolkata West Bengal14. Vadodara Gujarat15. Solan Himachal Pradesh16. Jammu Jammu & Kashmir17. Ernakulam Kerala18. Indore Madhya Pradesh19. Trichy Tamilnadu20. Sriganganagar Rajasthan21. Dehradun Uttarakhand Small CIPMCs, In-charge- Plant Protection officer (ento./patho) (Staff Strength- 5-10)22. Port Blair Andaman and Nicobar23. Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh24. Madgaon Goa25. Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir26. Shillong Meghalaya 27. Imphal Manipur28. Aizwal Mizoram 29. Dimapur Nagaland 30. Gangtok Sikkim 31. Agartala Tripura

The staff of both entomology and plant pathology are found in each CIPMC

Appendix IX


NCIPM

Detailed Information about Crop Protection personnel in KVKs of different Zones

KVK DistrictProgramme Coordinator

SMSProgramme

AssistantTotal

Zone-IPunjabAmritsar 1 1Bathinda 1 1Fatehgarh Sahib 1 1Ferozepur 1 1Gurdaspur 1 1Hoshiarpur 1 1Jalandhar 1 1Kapurthala 1 1Ludhiana 1 1Muktsar 1 1Nawanshahar 1 1Patiala 1 1Ropar 1 1Sangrur 1 1HaryanaBhiwani 1 1Faridabad 1 1Fatehabad 1 1Gurgaon 2 2Hisar 1 1Jhajjar 1 1Jind 1 1Kaithal 1 1Mahendergarh 2 2Panipat 1 1Rewari 1 1Rohtak 1 1Sirsa 1 1Sonipat 1 1Yamunanagar 2 2DelhiDelhi 1 1Himachal PradeshBilaspur 1 1Chamba 1 1Hamirpur 1 1 2Kangra 1 1Kinnaur 1 2 3Kullu 1 1


NCIPM

Lahual&spiti 1 1Mandi 1 1Shimla 1 1Sirmaur 1 1Solan 2 2Una 1 1Jammu & KashmirAnantnag 1 1Bandipora 1 1Doda 1 1Gandarbal 1 1 2Kargil 1 1Kathua 1 1 2Kulgam 1 1Kupwara 1 1 2Leh 1 1Poonch 1 1Pulwama 1 1Reasi 1 1Shopian 1 1Total 12 53 0 65

Zone -IINorth & Middle Andaman 1 1Araria 1 1Arwal 1 1Begusarai 1 1Bhagalpur 1 1Bhojpur 1 1Buxar 1 1Darbhanga 1 1E. Champaran 1 1Gaya 1 1 2Gopalganj 1 1Jahanabad 1 1Kaimur 1 1Kisanganj 1 1Madhepura 1 1Muzaffarpur 1 1Nalanda 1 1Purnea 1 1Rohtas 1 1Saran 1 1Seikhpura 1 1 2Sheohar 1 1


NCIPM

Sitamarhi 1 1Vaishali 2 2West Champaran 1 1Bokaro 1 1Chatra 1 1Dhanbad 1 1East Singhbhum 1 1Godda 1 1Hazaribag 1 1Jamtara 1 1Pakur 1 1Ranchi 1 1West Singhbhum 1 1Bankura 1 1Birbhum 1 1Burdwan 1 1DakhinDinajpur 1 1Darjeeling 1 1Hoogly 1 1Howrah 1 1Nadia 1 1Purulia 1 1South 24-Parganas 1 1Uttar Dinajpur 1 1West Midnapore 1 1Total 5 44 1 50

Zone -IIIChanglang 1 1East Kameng 1 1East Siang 1 1 1 3Lohit 1 1Lower Dibang Valley 1 1Lower Subansiri 1 1Papumpare 1 1Tawang 1 1Tirap 0Upper Siang 1 1Upper Subansiri 1 1West Kameng 1 1 1 3West Siang 0Barpeta 1 1Cachar 1 1Chirang 1 1Darrang 1 1


NCIPM

Dhemaji 1 1 2Dhubri 1 1Dibrugarh 1 1Goalpara 1 1Golaghat 1 1Hailakandi 1 1 2Jorhat 1 1Kamrup 1 1KarbiAnglong 1 1Karimganj 1 1 2Kokrajhar 0Nagaon 1 1Nalbari 1 1North Lakhimpur 1 1 2Sibsagar 1 1 2Sonitpur 1 1Tinsukia 1 1 2Udalguri 0East Khasi Hills 1 1 2Jaintia Hills 1 1Ri-Bhoi 1 1West Garo Hills 1 1West Khasi Hills 1 1 2Bishnupur 1 1 2Chandel 0Churachandpur 1 1Imphal East 1 1 2Imphal West 0Senapati 1 1Tamenglang 1 1Thoubal 1 1Ukhrul 1 1Aizawl 1 1Champai 1 1Kolasib 1 1 2Lawngtlai 1 1Lunglei 1 1 2Mamit 1 1Saiha 1 1Serchhip 0Dimapur 0Kohima 1 1Longleng 0Mokokchung 1 1


NCIPM

Mon 1 1 2Phek 1 1Tuensang 1 1Wokha 1 1Zunheboto 1 1East Sikkim 0North Sikkim 0South Sikkim 1 1West Sikkim 1 1 2Dhalai 1 1North Tripura 0South Tripura 1 1West Tripura 1 1 2Total 17 58 6 81

Zone-IVRaebareli - 1 - 1Fatehpur - 1 - 1Aligarh - 1 - 1Kannauj - 1 - 1Etawah - 1 - 1Mainpuri - 1 - 1Mahoba - 1 - 1Farrukhabad - 1 - 1Hardoi - 1 - 1Gorakhpur - 1 - 1Basti - 1 - 1Mau 1 1 - 2Siddharthnagar - 1 - 1Faizabad - 1 1 2Ambedkar Nagar - 1 1Bahraich - 1 - 1SantKabir Nagar 1 - - 1Azamgarh - 1 - 1Barabanki - 1 - 1Jaunpur - 1 - 1Sonbhadra - 1 - 1Ghaziabad 1 - - 1G.B. Nagar - 1 - 1Rampur 1 1 - 2Badaun - 1 1 2Saharanpur - 1 - 1Bulandshahar - 1 - 1Ghaziabad - 1 - 1G.B. Nagar - 1 - 1


NCIPM

Bijnour - 1 - 1Shahjahanpur - 1 - 1Muzaffarnagar - 1 - 1Pilibhit - 1 - 1Baghpat - 1 2 3Moradabad - 1 - 1Meerut - - 1 1Dehradun 1 - - 1Champawat - 1 - 1PauriGarhwal - 1 - 1PauriGarhwal - 1 - 1Nainital - 1 - 1Pithouragarh - 1 - 1Dehradun - 1 - 1Bageshwar - 1 - 1Kushinagar - 1 - 1SantRavidas Nagar - 1 - 1Deoria - 1 - 1Lucknow - 1 - 1Pratapgarh 1 - - 1Unnao - 1 - 1Sitapur - 1 - 1Mirzapur - 1 - 1Ghazipur - 1 - 1Agra - 1 - 1Total 6 49 5 60

Zone -VAdilabad 0Anantapur 1 1 2Chittoor 0East Godavari 0Guntur 0Karimnagar 0Khammam 0Krishna 0Kadapa 0Kurnool (Y) 0Mahaboobnagar 0Medak 0Nalgonda 0Nellore 0Nizamabad 0Prakasam 0Ranga Reddy 0


NCIPM

Srikakulam 0Visakhapatnam 0Vizianagaram 0Warangal 0West Godavari 0West Godavari (V) 0East Godavari (P) 0Karimnagar (R) 0Warangal (M) 0Nalgaonda (K) 0Mahaboobnagar (P) 0Kurnool (B) 0Anantapur (K) 0Chittoor (K) 0Krishna (G) 0Prakasam (K) 0Guntur (Lam) 1 1Total 1 2 0 3

Zone - VIJodhpur 1st 0 1 0 1Pali 0 0 0 0Alwar 2nd 1 0 0 1Ajmer 0 1 0 1Alwar 1st 0 1 0 1Bharatpur 0 1 0 1Bikaner 1st 0 2 0 2Dausa 0 0 1 1Dholpur 1 0 0 1Jaisalmer 1st 0 0 0 0Jalore 0 1 0 1Jhunjhunu 0 1 1 2Karauli 0 1 0 1Nagaur 1st 0 1 0 1S. Madhopur 0 1 0 1Sikar 0 1 0 1Sriganganagar 0 0 0 0Jaipur 2nd 0 0 0 0Churu 2nd 0 0 0 0Nagaur 2nd 0 0 0 0Bikaner 2nd 0 0 0 0Barmer 2nd 0 1 0 1Jaisalmer 2nd 0 0 0 0Jodhpur 2nd 0 0 0 0Banswara 0 0 0 0


NCIPM

Baran 0 1 0 1Bhilwara 0 1 0 1Bundi 0 1 0 1Chittorgarh 0 0 0 0Dungarpur 0 1 0 1Jhalawar 0 1 0 1Kota 0 1 0 1Rajsamand 0 1 0 1Sirohi 0 0 0 0Pratapgarh 0 0 0 0Barmer 1st 0 1 1 2Churu 1st 0 1 0 1Hanumangarh 1st 0 1 1 2Jaipur 0 1 0 1Tonk 0 1 0 1Udaipur 0 0 1 1Hanumangarh 2nd 0 0 0 0Panchmahal 0 1 0 1Kutch 2nd 0 1 0 1Banaskantha 0 1 0 1Sabarkantha 0 1 0 1Anand 0 1 0 1Ahmedabad 1 1 0 2Dahod 0 1 0 1Dangs 0 1 0 1Tapi 0 1 1 2Surat 1 1 0 2Navsari 0 0 0 0Narmada 1 1 0 2Amreli 0 0 0 0Jamnagar 1 1 0 2Porbandar 0 1 1 2Rajkot 1st 1 1 1 3Rajkot 2nd 0 0 0 0Surendranagar 0 1 0 1Baroda 0 0 0 0Bharuch 0 1 0 1Gandhi Nagar 0 0 1 1Kheda 0 1 0 1Kutchch 1st 0 1 0 1Mehsana 0 1 0 1Patan 0 1 0 1Valsad 0 1 0 1Junagadh 0 1 0 1


NCIPM

Bhavnagar 1 0 0 1grand Total 8 47 9 64

Zone VIIBalaghat 0 1 0 1Betul 0 1 0 1Damoh 1 0 0 1Dindori 0 1 0 1Harda 0 0 1 1Jabalpur 0 1 0 1Mandla 1 0 0 1Narsinghpur 0 1 0 1Panna 0 1 1 2Rewa 0 1 1 2Sagar 0 1 0 1Sidhi 0 1 0 1Tikamgarh 0 1 0 1Ashok Nagar 0 1 0 1Datia 0 1 0 1Dewas 0 1 0 1Dhar 0 1 0 1Gwalior 0 1 0 1Jhabua 0 1 0 1Khandwa 1 1 0 2Mandsure 0 2 0 2Morena 0 1 0 1Neemuch 0 1 0 1Rajgarh 0 1 0 1Sheopur 0 1 0 1Burhanpur 0 1 0 1Satna 0 1 0 1Sehore 0 1 0 1Bastar 0 1 0 1Bijapur 0 1 0 1Bilaspur 0 1 0 1Dhamatri 0 1 0 1Durg 0 1 0 1Janjgir-champa 0 2 0 2Jashpur 0 1 0 1Kanker 0 1 0 1Narayanpur 0 1 0 1Raipur - II 1 1 0 2Rajanandgaon 1 1 0 2Surguja - II 0 1 0 1Angul 1 0 0 1


NCIPM

Balasore 1 0 0 1Bargarh 1 1 0 2Bhadrak 0 1 0 1Bolongir 0 1 0 1Boudh 1 0 0 1Deogarh 0 1 0 1Dhenkanal 0 1 0 1Gajapti 0 1 0 1Ganjam 0 1 0 1Jagatsinghpur 0 1 0 1Jajpur 0 1 0 1Kandhamal 0 1 0 1Kendrapara 0 1 0 1Keonjhar 0 1 0 1Mayurbhanj 0 1 0 1Navarangpur 0 1 0 1Nawapara 0 1 0 1Nayagarh 0 1 0 1Puri 0 1 0 1Rayagada 1 0 0 1Sambalpur 0 1 0 1Sonepur 0 2 0 2Cuttack 0 1 0 1Total 10 60 3 73

Zone -VIIIBagalkot (SAU) 1 1 0 2Bellary (SAU) 1 1 0 2Coimbatore (DU) 1 0 0 1Gulbarga (SAU) 1 1 0 2Hassan (SAU) 1 0 0 1Kanyakumari (SAU) 1 1 0 2Karur (NGO) 1 1 0 2Krishnagiri (NGO) 1 0 0 1Mandya(SAU) 1 0 0 1Pathanamthitta(NGO) 1 1 0 2Raichur (SAU) 1 0 0 1Shimoga (SAU) 1 1 0 2Tiruvallur (SAU) 1 1 0 2Tiruvarur (SAU) 1 1 0 2Udupi (SAU) 1 0 0 1Villupuram (SAU) 1 2 0 3Alleppey (ICAR) 0 2 0 2Ariyalur (NGO) 0 1 0 1Bangalore Rural (SAU) 0 1 0 1


NCIPM

Belgaum - A (NGO) 0 1 0 1Belgaum (NGO) 0 1 0 1Bidar (SAU) 0 1 0 1Bidar (SAU) 0 1 0 1Bijapur(SAU) 0 1 0 1Bijapur(SAU) 0 1 0 1Calicut (ICAR) 0 1 0 1Chamraj Nagar (SAU) 0 1 0 1Chickamagalur(SAU) 0 1 0 1Chitradurga(SAU) 0 1 0 1Dakshin Kannada (SAU) 0 1 0 1Davangere (NGO) 0 1 0 1Dharmapuri(SAU) 0 1 0 1Dharwad(SAU) 0 1 0 1Dharwad(SAU) 0 1 0 1Dindigul(DU) 0 1 0 1Erode(NGO) 0 1 0 1Gadag(NGO) 0 1 0 1Gulbarga - A (SAU) 0 1 0 1Haveri(SAU) 0 1 0 1Idukki(NGO) 0 1 0 1Kancheepuram(SAU) 0 1 0 1Kannur(SAU) 0 1 0 1Karaikal (Dept. of Agri.) 0 1 0 1Kasaragod(ICAR) 0 1 0 1Kodagu (ICAR) 0 1 0 1Kolar (SAU) 0 1 0 1Kollam(SAU) 0 1 0 1Koppal(SAU) 0 1 0 1Koppal(SAU) 0 1 0 1Kottayam(SAU) 0 1 0 1Madurai(SAU) 0 1 0 1Malapuram(SAU) 0 1 0 1Mysore (NGO) 0 1 0 1Nagapattinam (SAU) 0 1 0 1Nagapattinam (SAU) 0 1 0 1Namakkal (SAU) 0 1 0 1North Goa (ICAR) 0 1 0 1Palghat(SAU) 0 1 0 1Perambalur(NGO) 0 1 0 1Pondicherry (Dept. of Agri.) 0 1 0 1Pudukottai(SAU) 0 1 0 1Pudukottai(SAU) 0 1 0 1Ramanagar(SAU) 0 1 0 1


NCIPM

Ramanathapuram (SAU) 0 1 0 1Shivagangai(SAU) 0 1 0 1South Goa (Dept. of Agri.) 0 1 0 1Thanjavur(NGO) 0 1 0 1Theni(NGO) 0 1 0 1Thrissur(SAU) 0 1 0 1Tirunelveli(NGO) 0 1 0 1Trichy(SAU) 0 1 0 1Trichy(SAU) 0 1 0 1Trivandrum(NGO) 0 1 0 1Tumkur - A (ICAR) 0 1 0 1Tumkur(SAU) 0 1 0 1Tuticorin(NGO) 0 1 0 1Uttar Kannada(SAU) 0 1 0 1Vellore (SAU) 0 1 0 1Vellore (SAU) 0 1 0 1Virudhunagar(SAU) 0 1 0 1Wynad(SAU) 0 1 0 1Total 16 77 0 93grand Total of all the Eight Zones

75 390 24 489


NCIPM

Appendix X

Certificate of Registration- ISo 9001:2008


NCIPM

Appendix XI

Minutes of the meeting held in the Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, N. Delhi on April 26, 2014 to discuss issues of effective collaboration among Plant Protection Institutes of ICAR

As per the instructions of the Hon. DG, ICAR on 17 Apr 2014, a meeting was held on 26 Apr 2014 at 2.30 pm in the Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, under the Chairmanship of Prof Anupam Varma, Chairman QRT, NCIPM and Adjunct Professor, IARI. The following members were present:

• Prof. Anupam Varma (Chairman)

• Dr P.K. Chakrabarty, Assistant Director General (Plant Protection), ICAR

• Dr A. Verghese, Director, NBAII

• Dr C. Chattopadhyay, Director, NCIPM

Chairman welcomed the participants and appraised the need and genesis of the meeting. While he provided a brief overview of the observations of the QRT of NCIPM: 2008-14, Dr Verghese indicated the activities of NBAII on insect collection, conservation, documentation, mass multiplication and biological control of pests. Chairman lauded the efforts of NBAII in bio control of invasive pests like Papaya mealy-bug, sugarcane wooly-aphid, etc. at national level.

While deliberating on the roles of NCIPM and NBAII it was observed that the AICRP on Biological Control that existed as a sub-scheme of NBAII during XI plan was re-christened as AICRP on IPM and Bio control during XII plan. The veracity and need of this change could not be understood. Chairman felt that IPM being the major mandate of NCIPM should be delinked from NBAII to avoid any duplication of efforts. ADG (PP) also indicated that inclusion of IPM in AICRP of bio control was unfounded and undesirable. He opined that perhaps the word came in inadvertently since no technical programme on IPM was included under the sub-scheme of NBAII in XII plan EFC. Director, NBAII also agreed to this and it was resolved that the sub-scheme would be retained as AICRP on Bio control.

The Chairman observed that biological control agents are the integral component of IPM and hence there was need for linkage of NCIPM with NBAII. To this ADG remarked that PAMD of Planning Commission also made same remark on the EFC of NBAII. Chairman recommended that, instead a separate AICRP on IPM should be made operational under NCIPM, wherein the inputs of AICRP on bio control should be employed to lead IPM-related research in the country. This was unanimously agreed by all participants.

Chairman indicated the intention of the QRT to link NCIPM with 380 KVKs (where SMS on plant protection were available) and 31 CIPMCs (under DPPQS, DAC) to enable a nation-wide coverage of NCIPM for location-specific harmonized IPM packages for different crops. He advised that SMSs in CIPMCs would be trained by NCIPM as well as NBAII, to make bio- control based IPM effective and successful in the country. CIPMCs in turn would train the SMSs of KVKs in ensuring mass production of bio control agents, predators and parasitoids using GLP and also in effective use of pheromones and other plant protection gadgets.

To this Dr Chakrabarty suggested that NBAIM, MAU, another important Crop protection Institute engaged in collection, conservation and documentation of agriculturally important microbes and a national repository may also be suitably employed in strengthening plant protection/IPM endeavour of the country. All these Institutes should serve as referral labs and would periodically undertake monitoring of the activities of CIPMCs and KVKs including the quality of bio control agents.

Participants thanked the Chair Prof Varma for his painstaking efforts to enable higher efficacy of scientific research on Plant Protection in the country.


NCIPM

lIST oF RESEARCH PuBlICATIoNS

Research papers rated > 6 as per latest rating of scientific journals by NAAS (effective from January 1, 2012) have been included in the list

2008-09

1. Ahuja, D.B., Ahuja, U.R., Kalyan, R.K., Sharma, Y.K. Dhandapani, A. and Meena, P.C. (2009). Evaluation of Different Management Strategies for Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davison on Brassica juncea. International Journal of Pest Management 55: 11-18.

2. Arora, Sumitra (2008). Insecticide Residues Analysis in Okra and Brinjal from IPM and Non-IPM Fields. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,151(1): 311-315.

3. Arora, Sumitra, Mukherjee, Irani and Trivedi, T.P. (2008). Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soil, Water and Grains from IPM and non-IPM Field Trials of Rice. Bull. Environ. Contam. & Toxicol. 81(4): 373-376.

4. Sardana, H. R., Bambawale, O. M., Singh, D.K. and Kadu, L. N. (2008). Larger area Validation of Adaptable Integrated Pest Management Technology in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus moench) through farmers’ participation. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 78 (12): 1063-66.

5. Sharma, O.P., Garg, D.K., Trivedi, T.P., Satpal Chahar and Singh, S.P. (2008) Evaluation of Pest Management Strategies in Organic and conventional Taraori Basmati rice (Oryza sativa) Farming Systems Indian J. Agric. Sci 78(10): 862-867

2009-10

1. Ahuja, D.B., Rajpurohit T.S., Singh, Malalm, Solanki, Z.S., Kalyan, R.K. Ahuja U. Rani and Sundria.M.M. (2009). Development of integrated pest management technology for sesame and its evaluation in farmer participatory mode. Indian J. Agri. Sci.,79: 808-12.

2. Bhosle, B. B., Sharma O.P., More, D. G., Bhede, B.V. and Bambawale, O. M. (2009). Management of mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis) in rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Indian J. Agri. Sci., 79 (3): 199-202.

3. Bhosle, B.B., Sehgal, Mukesh, Puri, S.N., Sardana H.R. and Singh D.K. (2009). Efficacy of organic amendments in management of root knot nematode. Indian J. Agri. Sci.,13-19.

2010-11

1. Bambawale, O.M., Tanwar, R.K., Sharma, O.P.,Bhosle, B.B., Lavekar, R.C., Patil, S.B., Dhandapani, A., Trivedi,T.P., Jeyakumar, P., Garg, D.K., Jafri, A. A. and Meena, B.L. (2010). Impact of refugia and integrated pest management on the performance of transgenic (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Indian J. Agri. Sci., 80(8); 730-36.

2. Deka, Sikha., Tanwar, R.K., Sumitha, R., Sabir, Naved., Bambawale, O.M. and Singh, Balraj (2011). Relative efficacy of Agricultural Spray oil (Servo Agrospray ®) and Azadirachtin against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on cucumber under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 81 (2): 156 - 160.

3. Sabir, Naved., Sumitha, R., Singh, Balraj., Hasan, M., Anupama., Chilana, Poonam., Deka, Sikha., Tanwar, R.K., and Bambawale, O. M. (2011). Superabsorbent Hydrogels for Efficient Biocontrol of Root-Knot Nematodes for Healthy Tomato Nursery. Current Science 100(5): 635-637.

Appendix XII


NCIPM

4. Vennila, S., Deshmukh, A.J., Pinjarkar, D., Agarwal, M., Ramamurthy, V.V., Joshi, S., Kranthi K.R. and Bambawale, O.M. (2010).Biology of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton in Central India. Journal of Insect Science 10:119 (available online: insectscience.org/10.1198.)

2011-12

1. Ahuja, D.B., Ahuja, U. R., Srinivas, P., Singh, R.V., Malik,Meenakshi, Sharma, Pratibha and Bambawale, O.M. (2012). Development of farmer-led integrated management of major pests of cauliflower cultivated in rainy season in India. J. Agric. Sci., 4 (2) e-Version .

2. Ahuja, D.B., Singh, S., Singh, R.V., Malik, Meenakshi, Ahuja, U. R. and Bambawale, O. M.(2011). Farmers-led development and validation of IPM technology in cabbage. Indian J. Horti., 68 (4): 578-580.

3. Christos I. Rumbos, Khah, E.M. and Sabir, N. (2011). Response of local and commercial tomato cultivars and rootstocks to Meloidogyne javanica infestation. Australian J. Crop Sci., 5 (11): 1388-1395.

4. Islam, S.N., Kundu, S., Shoran, J., Sabir, N., Sharma, K., Farooqi, S., Singh, R., Agarwal, H.O., Chaturvedi, K.K.,Sharma, R.K. and Sharma, A.K. (2011). Selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety through expert system. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 82 (1): 39-43.

5. Mukherjee, Irani and Arora, Sumitra (2011). Impact analysis of IPM programs in basmati rice by estimation of pesticide residues. Bull. Environ. Contam. & Toxicol., 86: 307-313.

6. Sabir, Naved, Deka, Sikha, Singh, Balraj, Sumitha, R., Hasan, Murtaza, Kumar, Mukul, Tanwar, R.K. and Bambawale, O.M. (2011). Integrated pest management for greenhouse cucumber: A validation under north Indian plains. Indian J. Hort., 68 (3): 357-363.

7. Sabir, N., Deka, S., Tanwar, R.K., Singh, B., Raj, S., Adhikari, S. and Sindhu, S.S. (2012). Comparative evaluation of pesticides and biorationals against key pests of greenhouse chrysanthemum. Indian J. Hort., (Accepted)

8. Sardana, H. R., Bhat, M. N. and Sehgal, Mukesh (2012). Wide area validation and economic analysis of adaptable IPM technology in bell pepper (Capsicum annum). Indian J. Agril. Sci., 82 (2): 186-189.

9. Sharma, O. P., Bhosle, B.B., Kamble, K. R., Bhede, B.V. and Seeras, N. R. (2011). Management of pod borers with special reference to pod fly (Melanagromyza organi).Indian J. Agric. Sci., 81 (6): 539–43.

10. Tanwar, R.K., Garg, D. K., Singh, S.P., Dhandapani, A. and Bambawale, O.M. (2011). Enhancement of spiders’ population through habitat management in rice (Oryza sativa) fields. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 81 (5): 462–4.

11. Tanwar, R.K., Jeyakumar, P., Singh, Amar, Jafri, A.A. and Bambawale, O.M. (2011), Survey for cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) and its natural enemies. J. Environ. Biol., 32: 381-84.

2012-13

1. Ahuja, D. B., Ahuja, Usha Rani, Srinivas, P., Singh, R.V., Malik, Meenakshi, Sharma, Pratibha and Bambawale, O. M. (2012). Development of farmer-led integrated management of major pests of cauliflower cultivated in rainy season. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 4(2): 79-90.

2. Arora, Sumitra, Kanojia, Ashok, Kumar, Ashok, Sahu, Vikrant and Mogha, Navin (2012). Bio-pesticide formulation to control tomato lepidopteran pest menace. Curr. Sci., 102 (7): 1051-57.

3. Arora, Sumitra, Kanojia, Ashok K., Sardana, H. R. and Sarkar, Susheel Kumar (2012). Impact of novel biopesticide formulation on tomato crop: economics and environmental effects. Ind. J. Agric. Sci., 82 (12): 1075–8.

4. Ramasundaram, P. and Vennila, S. (2013). A decade of Bt cotton experience in India: pointers for transgenics in pipeline. Curr. Sci., 6 (104): 697-98.


NCIPM

5. Sabir, Naved and Singh, Balraj (2012). Protected cultivation of vegetables in global arena: A review. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 83 (2): 123–35.

6. Singh, Niranjan, Jeyakumar, P., Bambawale, O. M., Vennila, S., Kanojia, A. K., Bhagat, S., and Kumar, Sathya S. (2012). E-pest surveillance system for soybean (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypiumspp) crops. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 82 (9): 800–807.

7. Vennila, S., Prasad, Y.G., Prabhakar, M., Agarwal, M., Sreedevi, G. and Bambawale, O. M. 2013. Weed hosts of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). J. Env. Bio., 34 (2): 153-158.

8. Yadav, M.S, Ahmad N., Singh S., Yadav D. K., Godika, S. and Gaur R.B. (2012). Multiplicational validation of integrated management practices for Sclerotina rot in Indian mustard. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 82: 972-77.

2013-14

1. Ahuja, D.B.,Singh, Swaroop, Sharma, Pratibha, Malik, Meenakshi, Singh, R V. and Kalra, Bharti. (2013). Development and on - farm validation of location specific IPM technology for rainy season cauliflower. Indian J. Agri. Sci., 83:78-82.

2. Bhagat, S., Bambawale, O M., Tripathi, A.K., Ahmad, I. and Srivastava, R C. (2013). Biological management of fusarial wilt of tomato by Trichoderma spp. in Andamans. Indian J. Hort., 70 (3), 397-403

3. Birah, Ajanta, Simhachalam, P., Ganeshan, S., Ahmad, Israr and Gautam R.K. (2014). Molecular genetic structure of fruit fly (Bactrocera sp) population of South Andaman revealed through RAPD-PCR analysis, Indian J. Agri. Sci., 84 (1): 73–6.

4. Vennila, S. and Agarwal, Meenu (2014). Ornamental hosts of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis). Indian J. Agri. Sci., 84(1):161-163.

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