+Theories

+Six Sigma

D – Define

M - Measure    

A - Analyse    

I -  Improve    

C – Control

+Six Sigma

Improve the ability to meet customer requirements

Increase customer satisfaction

Decrease variation in processes

Decrease defects in products and services

Remove excessive non-earning assests

Improve employee satisfaction and morale

Increase process capability

Achieve more efficient asset and resource utilization

Increase cash flow via reduced inventory

+PDSA

+Lean Model

+Peer Review

Peer review is synonymous with, but not limited to, retrospective medical record review.

Among other methods, cases are identified through generic screens for adverse events.

Peer review is conducted in committees.

+Institute of Healthcare Improvement: Improvement map

+Crossing the Quality Chasm; a New Health System for the 21st Century

• Report conducted by the Institute of Medicine

• Based on the notion that healthcare should be• Safe• Effective• Efficient• Patient-centered• Timely• Equitable

+Tools

+Process Flow Chart

Helps to define, describe and communicate clinical, administrative, and operational processes

+Cause and Effect Diagram

Also known as fishbone diagrams

A schematic means of relating the causes of variation to the effect of variation on the process

+Strategies in QI

+Academic Detailing

Employs trained providers to conduct face to face visits to encourage adoption of a designed behavior pattern

+Opinion Leaders

Members of local system who are usually able to influence others either on a broad range of issues or in a single area of acknowledged expertise

+Audit and Feedback

Summary of the clinical performance of an individual provider, practice or clinic to the respective entity

+Reminder Systems

Prompts providers to remember information relevant to a particular encounter, patient or service

+Patient Education

Individual or group sessions to enhance patient self-management of disease were shown to have modest to large effects based on patient characteristics and conditions

+Case Management

Used to manage special populations who have specific diagnoses or who require high cost or intensive services

+References

Crossing the Quality Chasm; a New Health System for the 21st Century. (2001). Retrieved December 14, 2011, from www.nap.edu/html/quality_chasm/reportbrief.pdf

Edwards, M. T. (2009). Peer Review: A New Tool for Quality Improvement. Physician Executive, 35(5), 54-59. Retrieved December 14, 2011, from Business Source Complete database.

Institute of Healthcare Improvement (n.d.). Retrieved December 14, 2011, from http://app.ihi.org/imap/tool/

Juran: The Source for Quality. (2009). Retrieved December 14, 2011, from http://www.juran.com/solutions_improve_quality_of_products_and_services_six_sigma.html

McLaughlin, P., & Kaluzny, A. (2006). Continuous Quality Improvement in Health Care: Theory, Implementations, and Applications. Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury.

Six Sigma. (2011). Retrieved December 13, 2011, from http://www.prosolve.ca/six-sigma

TQM as a support for societal development--experiences from a Swedish community. (2003). Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 14(2), 225. Retrieved December 14, 2011, from Business Source Complete database.

Varkey, P. (2010). Medical Quality Management: Theory and Practice. American College of Medical Quality: USA.