Agriculture­Led Export Businesses (ALE B) Project Strengthening Egypt's Processed FtJIJIb Export JndustIy

Bar Coding for Packaging Finns & Food Processors

with EANEgypt

FebnuP')' 14., 1001 Mardi IS, 1001 April 11, 1001 May 3. 1001 At die ALEB otlice DoIdd,GIZA

April 13, 1001 Mel'Cllft Hotel AJC'u.dria (Cairo)

USAlD-fimded Project 11263-0264 PIS" d allJp lire ALEB T"'A~4 ~TclIII': Dr. Thomas 1. Herlehy Dr. Mohamed Gomaa &EAN·EGYPT

I

Agriculture-Led Export Busiaesses

7 Februaly 2001

The ALEB project is pleased to present this wor1tshop on bar codillg which involves the professional bar coding registration and service company, EAN Egypt. We ... delighted that Dr. Nabla Attia and Eng. Ahmed A. Hassan are joining OU" team to leach this important subject. This workshop is directed towards processed food companies in Egypt as well as to the packaging, package converter, labelng and glaphic arts companies that provide valuable serviCeS to the Egyptian processed food industry.

This booklet has the Power Point presenlalions being made by the Trade Asscdati<lll SeMces team consultants, Dr. Attia and Eng. Hassan. These CXMIr the foIIoI.iIing suIljeds:

1. EAN-UCC System for Product Numbering - Dr. NabiIa Atlia 2. What is a Bar Code? - Dr. Nabla Attia 3. EAN hltematiollal & the Benefits of Bar Coding to Food Processors and Their Clients

- Dr. Nabila Attia 4. The Role of EAN-Egypt in Secwing a Bar Code for yOU" COII!plM1y and YOill

Products - Dr. Nabila Atlia 5. Steps to take to register yow- company and products for a BAR CODE - Dr. Nabla

Attia 6. A1DC Suppliers - Dr. Nabila Attia 1. Bar Coding Printing & Scanning Technologies - Eng. Ahmed A. H8SSWI 8. Bar Coding Scanning Fundamentals - Eng. Ahmed A. HassM 9. Bar Code Applications in the Food Industry - Eng. Ahmed A. H8SSW1, and 10. EIedronic Commen:e Applications of the Bar Code in the Food Indusby - Eng.

Ahmed A.. Hassan

These Power Point sl"1de presentations are foIIoMKI by an Annex that includes "Definitions" of common English language tenns IhaI are used in the Bar Coding business.

"Appendix 1· a 13-page gIossay of tenns used in the Bar Coding businesS worIdlllida, including a 3-page gIossay of terminology from EAN-Egypl

Appenclx 2. the final sac:tion of this booIdet. COIltaillS vendors and seNica firms Chat are located in the USA that can advise you or yow- COIIIP_., on the Ra1Y aspects of Bar Coding. that can print labels that incorporate bII" codes, and so forth. World Wide Web siles for most of these companies are included with their mailing address, telephone nwnbanl and fax numbers, if available.

On the following page. we have included a copy of an article from the INTERNA TlONAL HERALD TRIBUNE that indicates the power of Bar Coding and the great exIMt to which bar codes are enteI iI1g the retail. consumer market. That is. consumers thamsaIves may soon be able to use Bar Code technology to access diledly the produds they want over the Internet (www) wiIhout ever leaving their homes or offices.

~=S:. for participating in our~. WOf1Ish9P on Bar Coding for Packaging rlmlS & Food

Sincerely, ,.7: 1'1"~; ~'1. (t'4:.A£:~P7"/T

TQmH~y ~-=~~ __ __ Trade Association Services (TAS) Tea Director

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INTERNA nONAL NUMBERING SYs I EMS

1973

1977

1992 1996

Uniform Code CouncilIlUCC" is established to assign universe product Code IIUPC" . European Article Numbering Association is established, having now 91 EAN Numbering Organization allover the world through which BAN system is executed & promoted. EAN became International. EAN-E);)' .... t is established.

General Marketing Manager

2M. NcrIita .If_._ t1Ifitr

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EANSTANDARDS

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oz; Standard Identification of Items.

oz; Standard Bar-code Format for representing data.

~ Standard EDI Messages.

EAN Egypt Training Center

Standard Identification Of Items

EAN identification numbers are :

KEYS

To access computer files which contain information about the • Item.

EDI

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EDI is the transfer of structured data by agreed message standards, from one computer to another, by electronic means with a minimum of human intervention

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· .=·~t I I AN Data Carriers (Barcodes)

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The scanner will then transmit the data to computers for an efficient process / management of information .

• Pattern of bars & spaces of varying widths

• Represent digits, letters or special marks

• Identify an item or regulate it's movement

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Bar code ..... Why ?

• Efficient : 2-5 quicker than key entry

• Accurate : Prevent data collection errors (1/4.4 Million

character error factor )

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Bar Code SymbologY options: -

UNITl'YPE U.P.c EAN-8 EAN·t3 EAN·14 EAN-128 Consumer Units ./ ./ ./

Retail Units ./ .,f i .,f ./

Traded Units ./ ! .,f I ./ ./ I , Transport or i

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1. Remember that EAN Number to Identify Product, Must be notified to Trade Customer in advanced, at 3 Weeks before the products are supplied.

2. Make sure that barcode will be scanned every times right at the first time.

3. EAN coding direct to European & other ,while u.P.C coding direct to American & Canadians.

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The Bar code Symbology Options

• Consumer Units: must be Bar-Coded using either EAN-13 or EAN-8 symbols.

• Trade Units: can be Bar-Coded using EAN-13, ITF -14 or EAN-8 Bar Code symbols.

• Transport Units: must be encoded by EANIUCC-128 symbols.

EAN ID Numbers are:

N on significant: carries no information about entitity it defines but information is maintained in computer files.

Unique: each item is allocated a separate unique number.

International: identify products, services, locations in all sectors worldwide.

Secure: represented in secure bar code symbols.

----

_.-

EAN ID No. Structure

PrefIX Manufacturer Item Check digit

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EAN A GLOBAL SOLlmON

The market place is changing. Every business faces new technologies &. competitors. EAN I.tera.tio.at together with Numbering Organiooon all over the 5 continents is working to respond to these changes. We see changes as an opportunity to promote &: implement the EAN System in a wide variety of industries. It is essential to establish an effective communication system. integrating all the trading partners throughout the supply cham. Bom manufacturers to wholesalers. distributors. retailers &: final consumers &. to provide a common language for worldwide trade. EAN International is beading for global solution. with a single numbering &: communication system.

~ COUNTRIES EuROPE

AsIA AMERICA

AFRICA

TOTALEAN U.S.A a CANADA

1999 1998 MAIN COUNTRIIIS

293.626 261.253 Germany-France-En and

206.138 182.806 J China 86.100 74.845 Brazil-Argentine-

Mexico I 10.256 9.609 South Africa-Tunis-

Egypt-Lebanon -Maraca

596.120 , 528.513 233.800 . 215.923

General Marteting Manager

~ .N alita .M.Aantal afIiR ... EM.ft 0'

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International Member Ship

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Benefits through the supply chain

CJ Fast & accurate data capture at every point including goods receiving, warehousing, picking, dispatch and point of sale.

CJ Better, more timely, management of information.

CJ Less stock - holding & less waste.

CJ Greater responsiveness to trade customers & to consumers •

t;

Benefits through the supply chain

o Greater responsiveness to trade customers & to

consumers.

o The ability to automate warehousing.

o Better control over distribution & storage.

o Fewer errors in the recognition of goods.

o Improved company to company communications.

o One standard for use with all trading partners &

therefore no conflicting demands.

--

'i

EAN MISSION STATMENT

The mission of EAN and its Numbering Organizations is to take a leading role in establishing a global multi-industry system of identification & communication for products and services based on internationally accepted & business-led standards.

The objective is to improve the efficiency of integrated logistics while contributing added value to partners involved, as well as consumers

so

ROLE & FUNCTION OF EANEGYPT

I Inform trade & industry about BAN system through building awareness,education & promotion.

• Manage national number bank .

til Make available BAN technical specifications.

I Provide technical support & guidance to its members on the different EAN standards & their applications

4-

iHANEGYPT

Early 1995 Idea was initiated among phamaceutical companies.

EAN International was contacted ..

Febuary 1996 Application dossier was sublnitted to EAN Secretariat.

May 1996 GA approved Egypt Inembership & EAN Egypt setting.

July 1996 Founding member 1 st meeting.

S1 August 1996 Country prefix was assigned, EAN Egypt start operating

_ _ _ _ functionally.

~

11 ~teps For Bar Coding a Product

r..r".t""'~' :1W:·' .<"." .. ~:'~""""'-

,... Contact EAN EGYPT - Apply for membership. ,... Subscription Fee Payment. ,... Company Prefix allocation ,... Item number allocation

•

,... Data base creation ,... Conversion of EAN ID numbers into Bar code symbology ,... Bar code production onto products using Film master /

Labeles "

How to join EAN-Egypt?

• Fill the Application Form.

• Return The Completed Application Form Together with the Fee.

• EAN-Egypt Allocate Each Company a Unique Company Prefix.

• Company Allocate A Unique Article Number.

~

AN ID No.

"41~:...I~.j· , ~E~J, 1'~~,:";:, 'I:~ ,:; .:;,i~ ".., .... ,,,;" ...... ~

" '

Separate unique RAN -13 ! 8 is required tor:

..t Each variety of an item .

..t Each package

./ Each style! colour

..t Each multipack

./ Each promotional variants

E G y P T

533 Jul'y-iZIOOO/96 %

General Marketing Manager !btL .N alila aUia

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Dated in : 05/02/01

(Y. y! "fV" V , ...... fLi.,).; t . Y" H' , ;,,,;.,J.; - • .,........\ill - ,--JL.. cJL..... - ;,........JI.;.....;I.l .. .,:,IJl..< r. 35 Hadayck 101 Ohou. Bldg •. Salah Salem Cairo - Egypt - Tel: 4026623 . TdcFax: (202) 2627617

~AN (U.~ INTERNATIONAL

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~il __ 41.,llI~~l s

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Symbols: - EAN - 13. EAN - 8. ITF - 14, EAN - 128

Consumer units must be bar-coded using EAN - 13 or EAN - 8. Trade units can use EAN -13, ITF - 14 or EAN - 128.

BAN - 13 Structure: -t Prefix for numbering organizations allocated by EAN

International, it is 622 for Egypt. t Company prefix Number 7 or 8 or 9 digits allocated by EAN -

Egypt. + The member creates his own 5 - 4 - 3 item reference digits. + Check digit for each item is calculated by ADC. + Ordering the Bar-code symbols by specialist ADC suppliers who

comply with the AIM Film Master supplier code of pnEtice. representing an article number in bar-code symbols suitable fur reading by scanner.

+ The artwork required for bar code is called a film master article item.

+ The printer will incorporate the master into the artwork &. print the package or label in the normal way.

EAN - 8: -Is to identify small consumer products & assigned directly by EAN - Egypt to individual products.

ITF 14: -Stand for interleaved two of five. It is used for the numbering of units that contain several consumer units.

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(Mtf.NAt.ON ....

E GYP T

BAN 128: -The bar-code symbol includes Application identifier More over there are bar-code symbols for publications & books: -ISSN: Stands for international standard serial Numbering. is used for the numbering of serial publications. ISBN: Stands for international standard book number, is used for

the numbering of published books.

There are agreements between EAN international &: -1. Administrators of ISSN to use EAN prefix digits 977. 2. International ISBN Agency to use EAN prefix digits 978.

The EAN prefix digits 978 have been reserved for future extension .

• A list of ADC suppliers is available at EAN - Egypt. Remember that the article numbers must be notified to your trade customers in advance 3 week before the products are supplied.

MEM8ER Of

INTFRNAT10NAI<

't\

Number Notification

Remember that the article numbers printed on your products must be communicated to your trade customers in advance. It is essential that you notify your customers of the numbers you are using to identify your products. Ideally this should happen at least three weeks before the products are supplied. Paper documentation or ED! can be used to do this.

~,lU~K\41l E GYP T , ~~~c.'~l.....S";:'

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Dear Sir, We have the pleasure to iriform you that our

products have been bar-coded according to European Article Numbering " EAN 13 " Attached is a list of our bar-coded products combined with selling price L.E [Export price FO.B in $].

Se11ing Price

Products Units Description BAN Code or or UPe Code Export

price F.O.B $

I Cheese 112 Kilo : White Fat Free 16223001690009 2

i I I

White Fat Free 16223001690016 Carton

Cbeese 112 x1h Kilo 24

P.S: This note should be sent to trade customers at least 3 weeks in advance before the products are supplied.

General Marketing Manager Dr. Nabila Attia.

-{ Y-.-n-y-,,-y,-,-y -, ,.y5-lW.;-. '---L -. T-"-n-·,-~-.,i.,IJ-----;.r-'-w-· 1-,-J-L.-r:..'J......,,----,>-.• -1I J-.---·I .... -.;.,-IJ-~-f-. - E A N {fit;" 35 Hadayck EI ObOUT Bldgs.Salah Salem Cairo· Egypt - Tel 4!126623 - TclcFax , (202) 2627617 INTERNATIONAl

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company Name

1 Datum- IDS

2 Etalex Factory

--..

3 Fastick

" ---- , -= ......

4 Gargour

5 Matrix

6 Pica Group ---.,'.", ....

7 Serraj Worldwide . ... ....

8 SI Computer Consultants ... _--, .. - -- -'-- -.

9 Unitek Egypt Co.

_ ..... __ .. _ .... _. ... ~

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u:J!LJe ~ fieJt6 11-, rJj p -- r-

contact Per Tel Eng. Mustafa Hassan

(Division Director) 2903501· . Eng. Hany Fekry 012/3248144 (Business Developer)

6845459 -Mr. Rami Ghali 6835962·

6825812

Mr. Mazen Mohamed El -7945702-7962640-

Shammaa 012/3571477

Eng. lhab Fayez 3929305-3934623

Mr. Essa Ahmed. 6366976-6428574

Eng. Ibrahim Younis 3369520-3369521

Eng.Wael Sbeta - Eng. 3361659-I!llI!daQ~wood .. __ ... ~ ... 3367286 , ,-"""","

2911224· Dr. Sameb Ibrahim. 4191616 F---~. -

27001l3(Ten Eng. Mamdouh Habeeb linea}

01212343353 --_ .............. _-- .. _.

!II..N .. a. o.nerli Mirketing Mini..,.

Fax

2903527

2825092

7964550

3934623

6369791

3351842

3361659· 3367286

2908819

2700113

._ .•.. _-

Address

51,Beirut St., Heliopolis,Cairo.

16 Selim Abdou St. ,Abbasseya,Cairo.

71Th. Kaser El- Aini St., Cairo.

18 A,26th. July Street,Cairo.

151 EI- Hegaz St., HelioJ)Olis Cairo. 6th. El- Fawakeh St.,El-Mohandessen Cairo. 3,Sbehab St.Mohandesseen, Giza. 6th. Tag El - Deen El -Sopke,Ard El - Golf, HelioJ)Olis.Cairo.

Attia E1·Swalhi St. From Makram Ebeid St. Elserag Moll Tawor (1) Nasr City, Cairo

- .. -

0110210112:20 PM

CALCULATION OF THE CHECK DIGIT

Code for Example: 6 2 2 1 0 2 5 0 0 9 5 8 [Q

1. Inscribe the multipliers "3" then "1" then "3" then "1 "ECT, from right to lift, up to the first digit.

2. Multiply the digits of the code by the multipliers. 3. Add up the figures obtained 4. Subtract this result from the mUltiple of 10 above it.

6 2 2 1 0 2 5 0 0 9 5 8 x x x x x x x x x x x x

131313131313 = = = - - ~ = = - - = ~

6 6 2 3 0 6 5 0 0 27 5 24

6 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 0 + 6 + 5 + 0 + 0 + 27 + 5 + 24 = 84

Result: 90-84 = 6.

The Check Digit is therefore "6", and the complete code is

622 102 500 9 5 8 6

Co. Number aWn .N um6.ett e fbUJil

622 1025 00958 6

If the total obtained step 3 is a multiple of 10 (such as 60, 110 or 20), the check digit is "0".

General Marketing Manager Dr. Nabila Attia .

17/9/2000.

i

Bar Code Printing Technology

• Integrated Artwork Bar Code Film Master Bar Code Image

• On Demand Printing Direct Thennal Thermal Transfer

·~

Bar Code Printing Technology

• Bar Code Film Master

* Producing a film master for the bar code to be integrated in the art work of the packaging material

* For mass production and include static data

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Bar Code Printing Technology

• -Bar Code Image

* Better way to integrate the bar code

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Bar Code Printing Technology

• ·Thermal Transfer - a ribbon is used. As the ribbon passes between the heated printhead and the media, the heat of the printhead causes the ribbon to release ink, which bonds to the surface of the media.

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THERMAL TRANSFER

ADVANTAGES

• Many Substrates

• Stable Image

• Durable Image for Both Indoor and Outdoor Conditions

• Variety of Ribbon Formulations & Colors

DISADVANTAGES

• Two Supply Items

• Higher Total Cost

• Ribbon is Required

• Ribbon must be Compatible with Label or Tag.

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Bar Code Printing Technology

• Direct Thermal - no ribbon is used. The printhead comes into direct contact with specially treated, heat sensitive material. As the printhead elements are heated, the stock turns black, and the print becomes part of the label or tag.

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DIRECT THERMAL

ADVANTAGES

• Cost Efficient

• Only 1 Supply Item Needed

• Simple Printer Operation

• Quality Images

DISADVANTAGES

• More Energy Required

• Incorrect Material can Reduce Printhead Life

• Limited Substrates

• Extreme Sensitivity to Environmental Conditions

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PAPER SYNTHETICS

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Adhesives fKUDDer-D3seo Adhesive

- offers good general purpose perfonnance and may be used on a wide variety of surfaces and temperature ranges. They can be used on most packaging m~terials, including plastic, glass, metal and corrugated. They have high initial tack--they stick immediately to a surface which makes them particularly useful on curved or irregularly shaped surfaces.

IAcrvlic Adhesive - requires a short time to set. Once they are set, they can provide superior pennanence and durability. Acrylics are extremely strong and resistant to environmental conditions which make them suitable for heavy-duty application (i.e ... outdoor exposure, UL/CSA labeling, exposure to solvents, heat, and moisture.)

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Analyzing the Application

• What is the end-use?

• What is the life expectancy?

• At what temperature is the label applied

• What is the temperature range and for how long?

• To what surface is the label applied?

• Will the surface have any contamination?

• . Is the surface flat, curved, rough, smooth?

• How will the label be scanned?

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Analyzing the Application

• Are there any environmental stresses the label is exposed to?

• What is the annual estimated usage?

• What is the budget? • How will the labels be applied? • In what mode will the labels be printed

• Always test the label in the application.

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VERIFICATION

EAN Egypt have the pleasure to announce it's FREE Verification Service for bar code symbols printed in any kind of packaging materials.

-Send your Printed Symbol to the Technical DepartInent

-You will receive a comprehensive report about the quality

of bar code printing in your package.

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EAN Quality Control Statement

+Respecting light margins

+Respecting the numbering system

+Correct assessment of printing conditions

+Suitable choice of color combinations

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EAN/UPC Symbol Guard Bars + + + + + + ................ 11' .i •• , ........ I I. f","",.JH'.I .. lliiiil .Wiiiil •••• _ta __ UI

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l UPC -A I lEAN -13 I • Guard bars are a unique pattern which allow the

discrimination between different symbologies and indicate the beginning and the end of the symbols.

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EAN/UPC Symbol Truncation

• EANIUPC symbols have a nominal (target) size

• Nominal symbols have a fixed relationship between the width and height to enable omni­directional scanning

Nominal Symbol Truncated Symbol

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EANIUPC Symbol Truncation • Limits POS scanning effectiveness

• scanners read EANIUPC symbols as two halves and then piece the halves together into a complete number

• shorter symbols decrease the opportunity to get a good scan

•. Do not truncate ( shorten height) • truncate only when there is no room for the full symbol height

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• Laser spot is swept across bar code

• Spaces reflect light back to scanner

• Bars absorb the laser light

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• Analog signal is digitized for the decoder

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Scanner Basics

• Light Source • Transmission Optics • Scanning Mechanism .. Collection Optics

• Photo detector • Analog to Digital Conversion • Decoding Electronics • Computer Interface

BAN Egypt Tmining Center

Light Source

• LED (Light Emitting Diode) • Diffuses Quickly

• "Fuzzy Line"

• Shorter Depth ofField (Generally)

• Laser • Maintains Shape over Long Distances

• Brighter "Beam"

• Longer Depth ofField (Generally)

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,It Ur~dersta d mbal de sity a d retluire working range

@Choose the ght scan er for the job

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Issue: What is "Moving"?

• Is Bar Code Brought to the Scanner?

• Is Scanner Brought to the Bar Code? • Is the Application Automated or Manual?

Determines general category of scanner required: hand-held, fIXed mount, or unattended.

Issue: What is Being Scanned?

• "Item" with Bar Code Label

• Document

• Menu

• Size • Shape • Consistent or Different • . Location of Bar Code on Item

Effects human/actors, and scanning characteristics . uch as working range and depth offield.

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'Issues: Unattended Scanning

• Bar Code Orientation

• Bar Code Placement

• How Quickly will Bar Code be Presented?

Determ ines single-line, multi-line, omnidirectional decision.

Determines scan rate requirements .

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Issues: Manual Scanning

• What are the Ergonomics and Human Factors?

• Are Scanner Aesthetics a Consideration? • Are Both Hands Necessary and/or Available? • Are Other Functions to be Performed (e.g.

Keystrokes)?

Impacts form factor, shape, styling, and hand-held or fixed scanner selection.

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Issue: Volume How Often will it be Scanned?

• Items per Time Period

• Number of Scanners/Operators

Determines performance requirements, human factors, and j ustiflable expense .

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Issue: Distance from Scanner to Item? • Close Distance Preferred .' Close Distance at Reduced Productivity • Medium Distance (NoDwContact)

• Long Distance

The key, most obvious differentiator between • scanner optIons.

Issue: Level of Manipulation?

• Orient the Item

• Orient the Scanner

• Orient Both

• Orient Neither

Impacts hand-held or fIXed scanner decision.

Determines single-line or omnidirectionaL oq. -

Issue: The Bar Code Itself

• Symbology

• Density

• Length • Truncation •. How Many Bar Codes per Label?

MIIY determiDe speciBl SCIIRDer cbllrllcteristics.

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Issue: The Environment

• Temperature

• Humidity

• Precipitation

• Hostile

• Rugged

• Ambient Light

Determines special performance and design characteristics.

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Issue: With What is the Scanner C ·· ? ommunlcatlng. <I)('~ 11« J

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Item Routing

Stores

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Raw Material Stores

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What do EAN/Uee Identification Numbers identify?

II Locations: Physical,

functional or legaJ entities requiring a pern1anent identification (con1pany, departnlcnt, \varehousc, ... ).

II Assets: I{eturnablc ()f flxed assets .. including returnable

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• Using portable printer he print a label for the

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The label of the sample contain

* Product 10#

* Operator 10#

* Date and Time of sample collection

it Any data needed for sample description

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3- Storing

• AU the storage locations will be bar coded

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4-Production

Collecting needed items

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4-P'roduction

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• Scan Locati(}ll # Labeling • Scan ItelTI #

• Confirm right Routin2: '-, 4--'

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Storing

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Essential elements of EDI • Structured data

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• Use of data communications + Not diskette, tape, etc

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EAN Egypt Training Center

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services)

z • EDI is application to application

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Mail Invoice Print Invoice Keyin Invoice

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Translate Order into EDI message I

Communicate Order

Translate EDI order for integration

Translate EDI .t-~ Translate Invoice invoice for I..,. into EDI

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into order processing application

Generate Invoic using basic order data

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of ED IFACT subsets • What does EANCOM provide?

• Detailed usage notes in simple language

• Business situation examples • Clear guidance what to do and when to do it

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... ,...._. BAN Bgmt lmipipi Centft

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ensure that there is common understanding

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BAN # 5412345111115

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classification: 0829 • misc. chocoll .. at_e"--__ _ -

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i.

Electronic Catalogue feeds ALL subsequent activities

• Purchasing (e.g., correct product identification) + Logistics (e.g., dimensions) + Marketing (e.g., availability) + Invoicing (e.g., prices)

BAN E2YDt Trainiu Center

ANNEX

COMMON ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEFINITIONS USED IN BAR CODING

APPENDIX 1:

EAN-EGYPT TERMINOLOGY FOR BAR CODING USERS -3 PAGES

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN THE BAR CODING INDUSTRY BY PACKAGING FIRMS AND FOOF PROCESSING COMPANIES

-10 PAGES

APPENDIX 2:

AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SUPPLIERS AND WEB SITES FOR INFORMATION

-7 PAGES

DefinitioDS

1. Spu:ij1altkm: adescriptkm, usually with dimel.ioosml iJ1ustra!iMIIS, of_articID or process.

1 PIICkIlgi1Ig AItMritlI Specfficotion: The deaca .... ofa ~ or a .... ' ." COJqlOl1Imt. ortllo raw material &om wIDch it ill made.

3. PockDgh'8 Component. a part of a ~Iete p'" p, sud! as a caD _ or • JIIIPCI' Iabe1

4. Ptdbrg ~ tIIo dea:a4Jtiou of a poe ell «Jl' pa:edlae i:Ir fiDiDg ... seaIioB • gi'IIaI product into iIs par' ..

5. 01teriDn: a Jeqlliaeiileat. (Plural: c;riteria) For ew ....... a CI'hrioD ...... JdIIil JllllCkap:s is that tIIoy hIne aligbt-coJored spot to pe .. d qible price _l:i.Gg. raJ/ot • bar code.

7. P~ FItnt:tIow: tile SIll rices tim pacta. Jliiibms, -me with ........... 1111 and iaoJatkm of a desiaed IUIIOUDt of product. usually ilM:JudiII& .. cAecl"" ... jdentjfic:ati"D oftbat pOillud;. ... polll!lible such addidrmaI ailaill as C8SJ. . .. JeClosIn. aad d".>sahitity.

8. P~ Grap/fIu: tIIo sw:filte deWlllli .... ofa F' 8= with copy ... iDuslllIIiua or )JiI .. e .... iDcJnding WDSidaIllio.as of wlor. Ie" leu ........

9. lWr:IttIIdng: aD oftllo acIivitics wammed with .. owa_ (of ....... MW'iw). iaclndiag tIIo aelDetiOD ... ew) •• ioD of SUPPliers. oleN ....... eva' diNc ....... popcw!s, JIC&OfiatinI )lriecs ad other w"'itiops ofluyiaa ..... , ....... WIlli •••• aad OJ_he. liB.,. ·.jug supply problems aad oppotbwjlies

EAN E GYP T

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TERMINOLOGY

Serial No. Tenn

1. BAN International

BAN Numbering Organjooon 2.

(EANNO)

3. EAN-Egypt

4. BAN Article Number

S. BAN location Number

1 .

Definition & Explanation The Designation Commonly used for the Ewopean Article Numbering Association, BAN International, Brussels. Belgium. National orphui-national body, member of BAN lDtemational, responsible for administering. developing & promoting aU BAN standards wi1hin a territory •

• BAN-Egypt is the Egyptian : Article Numbering i Organiution-member of BAN IlnternationaJ..established in f 1996 to promote BAN system \ . 1m i A unique & non-significant reference oumber, ofup to 14 digits, used to jdentifY products or services which be will tnIdecl. A 13-digit unique & non-significat refaeLK:e mnher used to identifY legal entities (e.g. registered companies). functional entities (e.g. specific department wi1hin a legal entity), or pbysicaI entities (e.g. a door of a warehouse).

General Marketing Manager

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.

"'E""fll Of

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EA • G

6. BarCode

7. AOC

8. Electronic Data Interchange

9. Uniform Code Council (UCC)

10. Manufacturer

ll. Supplier

12. Package

13. Package type

An array darlt &: light bars ~ according to the eoeodation rules of a particular symbol specification in order to

.. repesent data in machioo­readable form for scanning

(e.g. bar code. scanning

structured, computet prucess able information between

The which administers &: managa the UCCJEAN system standards in the USA &: Canada

the production of a product. The manufacturer may in some instances be a synonym of

goods&:

,I The final product of the paclcing operation consisting of the packing &: ita contents, e.g.

blister etc. A type corresponding to a certain

• design. e.g. a box of specified

General Marketing Manager

!lh.. Ka. ~flttiG MEMIEI Of

-If-. ,-)-"-,-,,,-w-:-..,.su,t-· -. ---, .-n-'\-tr-:-~-·.-· ---i,-..... -n---r--A---C'j-,---........,.,.--.;...-..--lf.Io,-.;,I-ilW-I"-. - E AN,. · 35 Ha1t,.,.. EI Obmar B1d11JS.8aJah s.Jem Cairo • E'gypI • Tel: 4626623 • 1'eIeI'u : (202) :26276J 7 INtf INA TlOMAl

~

1, "P l ~~U~~.- ... 1 G Y P T Materials & dtMll'6h.mltr~ any

14. Packaging packaging operatjJi\'1a~ contain. protect articles or substances during transport, storage, or handling. A Serial Shipping Container Code

15. Serial Shipping Container Code I (SSCC) is a non-significant number, I which uniquely identified individual • logistics units in an unrestricted environment. 2 or more characters that indicate the meaning & format of a data element i

16. Application Identifier (AI) . the UCCIEAN-128 symbology. It defines uniquely the meaning & form

, of the data element

17. Consumer Units I Consumer Units are items intended fi I sale to consumer in a retail outlet. ~ An item which is priced & ordered fo

18. Trade Item ' trade between business partners at an point in the supply chain, inclusive 0:

retail check-outs (e.g., in a pharmacy' Transport Unit are the items that are

19. Transport Unit transported between participants in tl: supply chain. A transport unit may be made up of at least one traded unit. An item of any composition

I •

20. Logistic Unit I estabhshed for transport and/or stor~ purposes, which needs to be manage< uniguell:: through the suppll:: chain.

Notes: -Please don't copy or use without contact EAN Egypt First •

.. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT ..

General Marketing Manager

:lh. oN a6ila .M.Juurud llttia

MEMBER OF

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35 Hadayek EI Obour Bldgs.S.lah Salem Cairo· Egypt • Tel, 4026623 . Tel.F." : (202) 2627617 INTERNATIONAL

'IJ

APPENDlXl GLOSSARY

A portion of this glossary is reprinted with permission from the Automatic Identification Manufacturers (AIM USA) GIoIIsary of Terms.

Note: Technical terms are constantly changing. For the latest gbaary of lautS, visit http://quadiic:omlgsbc/.

AIM - Automatic Identification Manufacturers, Inc:.

Aligmnmt - The relative position of a scanner or tight IIO'UICle to the tatget of the receiving element.

AJpJamumeric: - 1he charac:ter set which contains Iellas, IlUDlbers and usually other charac:las such as spedaI symbols.

AIN - See • Alphanumeric-.

ANSI - 1he American National SCandards Institute (fomlel'ly United Slates of America Standards Institute (USASI)-is a non-govemmental organization responsible for the development of voluntary manufac:turing standards.

Ape1'lure - 1he opening in an optical system defined by a lens or baffle that establishes the field of view.

ASCD - 1he cbarac:ter set and code described in American National Standard Code for Information Interchange, ANSI XU-I977. Each ASCII charac:teI- is enc:oded with 1-bits (&-bits induI:ting parity c:hedt). 1he ASCII c::barac:teI' set is used for information interchanse between data p.oc ins systems, communication systems and associated equipment. 1he ASCII set consists of both control and printing characters.

Aspect Rado -1he ratio of bar height to symbol length.

AutocUscriminadon - The ability of bar code n!Ilding equipment to lec08uize ..... correctly decode more than one symbology.

Averap BacJtsroand Reflectance - Expr!l B ed as a pacelllage; the simple arithmedc average of the background reflectance from at least five diffeaalt points on a sheet.

Baagmand - The area surrounding a printed symbol, including the spaa!S and quiet zones.

Bar - The darker element of a printed bar code symbol.

193

APPENDlXl GLOSSARY

Bar Code - An array of parallel rectangular ban; and spaces that together represent a single data element or character in a particular symbology. The bars and spaces are arranged in a predetermined pattern foOowing unambiguous rules defined by the symbology, e.g., U5S-39.

Bar Code Character - A single group of bars and spaces which represent an individual number, letter, punctuation mark or other symbol.

Bar Code Density - The number of characters which can be represented in a linear unit of measure. Bar code density is often expressed in characters per inch (CPl).

Bar Code Label - A label which carries a bar code and is suitable to be affixed to an artide.

Bar Code Reader - A device used to read a bar code symboL

Bar Code Symbol - (see "Symbol").

Bar Height - (see "Bar Length").

Bar Length - The bar dimension perpendicu1ar to the bar width. Also called height.

Bar Width - The thickness of a bar measured from the edge dosest to the symbol start character to the trailing edge of the same bar.

Bar Width Reduction - Reduction of the nominal bar width dimension on film masters or printing plates to compensate for printing gain.

Base Line - A reference line used to specify the desired vertical position of characters printed on the same line.

BCD - Binary Coded Decimal; (see "Declmal, Binary Coded").

Bidirectional - A bar code symbol capable of being read successfully independent of scanning direction.

Bidirectional Read - (see "Bidirectional").

Binary - The number system that uses only 1'5 and O's.

Bit - An abbreviation for "binary digit." A single element (0 or 1) in a binary number.

194

,I

APPENDIX! GLOSSARY

ceo - Charge COupled Device: Used in scanners to sense the JJsht and dark areas of • symboL

CenterliDe - The vertical axis around which dwacter elements are Ioc:ated for letters, numerals, or symbols.

Charader - 1. A sinsJe group of ban and spaces whlcb lepesent an 1ndt9kl .. number, letter, punctuation mark or other lymboL 2. A paphic shape representing a letter, nument or symbol 3. A letter, dIgi~ or other symbol that is used as put of the orpnl.zation, amtrol or lep u entatfoll of data.

Character Alignment -1be vertical or horizc:Intal positioa of characters with lespeel to a given refer.ate line.

Charadei' Set - 1bose characters .vailable for enc:odation in a particular bar code symbology.

Check Qarader - A c:harader inchIded within a symbol whole value is 1II8d _ the purpose of performing a mathematical dledt to ensure the accuracy of the IeId.

Oleck DJait - (see "Chedt Charac:ler"').

Oear Ala - (see "Quiet Zone").

Codabar - (2 of 7 Code, Code 27). A numbers-ollJ.y bar code CIOI\Iisting of .. v. modules, two of which are wide. See AIM X5-3 tJSS.Codabar for specifications.

Code - A set of mwnbiguous rules IJMIdfying the way in whiell data may be represented. Numben and letters used to lepresent iDlormation (see "Number System"). >

Code 39 - (3 of' Code); A fuD alphanumeric bar code con .... of Dille IIIOduIes, three of which are wide. See AIM X5-2 t.JSS..3t _ specifkatiollS.

Code 93 - A fuD alphanumeric bar code capable 01 encodiris all 128 ASCII dIancten. See AIM xs-s U5S-128 for specifications.

Code 128 - A full alphanumeric bar code capable of amdiq aD 128 ASCII characten;. See AIM X5-4 U5S-128 for spedfimlions.

Code lQC - See stacked codes.

Code., - See stacked codes

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APPENDlXl GLOSSARY

Code Reader - A device that examines a printed spatial pattern and decodes the encoded data.

Contin1lOUS Code - A bar code symbol where all spaces within the symbol are parts of characters, e.g., US5-1 2/5. There is no intercharacter gap in a continuous code.

CPI - Characters Per Inch (see "Bar Code Density").

Data Identifier - A specified character (or string of characters) that dermes the general category or specific use of the data that follows.

Decimal, Binary Coded (BCD) - A numbering system using base 2 that represents each dedmal digit by four binary bits, with the place values equal to 8, 4, 2, and 1, reading from left to right.

Decoder - The electronic package which receives the signals from the scanning function, performs the algorithm to interpret the signals into- meaningful data and provides the interface to other devices.

Density - Describes the relative amount of memory contained in a radio frequency identification tag. (see "Bar code density"). -

Depth of Field - The distance between the maximum and minimum plane in which a code reader is capable of reading symbols.

Diffuse Reflection - The component ofreflecfed light which emanates in all directions from the reflecting surface.

Discrete Code - A bar code or symbol where the spaces between characters (intercharacter gap) are not part of the code, e.g., US5-39.

Dot Matrix - A system of printing where Individual dots are printed in matrix (5x7, 7x9, etc.) forming bars, alphanumeric characters and simple graphics.

Dot Size - (Ink Jet) (Dot Matrix) (Thermal) - The size of the printed dot laid down on a substrate in a matrix or line to form characters.

Dot Size - (Scanner) - The diameter of the beam of light used to scan a bar code symbol - ideally the beam width should be the same as the width of the narrow bar.

DSSG - Distn'bution Symbology Study Group.

196

APPENDlXl GLOSSARY

EAN - Buropean Artide Numberhtg System. the intematlonalltarldard bar mde lor retail food pac:bses.

EDI - Elecbonic Data Interchange; • method by which data is elecbordc.uy transmitted from one point to another.

ED. - Elecbonic Data Processing.

Eledroetatk - A method of printing utiIizi:ng • spedaI eIecb\llltltic papeI' «II' cbuged drum. both of which attract toner to the dwged ....

Element - A .. bar or space.

I'ACf - Federation of AUklmated Coding TedmoJogy. A bu:rem 01 ADof cmsieU'. of orgaDizatione that use and promote .utomatic ideDti6calion ilDWJDC their members.

mID Maller - A photographic 6Jm Jepusentalion of. sped6c symbol from which • printing plate is poduced.

FIrst Reael Rate - The ratio of the number of sua:essful .... to the number 01 .tlempas.

PoD - _ '"Ribbon"}.

'oliad , .... Impact - A printing method. ror labels consisting 01 • nJlating cInun ek'hed with raised but and charade.rs. A ON! Hate ribbon and the label move between the dnun and • micro controlled hamJnes'.

'onI- A spedftc size and style of pin ..... type. ,

.... (JIint ._ Read Rate) - (see "FIrst Read Kale")

Gwud BanI - The bats which ant at both I!IIds and CEIllei' 01. UI'C and IAN SJIIIhoI. They provide reference points ror scanJdng.

Hand IMer Cun - (see "Laser Scamler").

Han4-llcdel Scanner - _ "Wand Scanner").

Helium Neen I.eu - A type of laser commonly usecI in bar code tcaJwas. It emite ooheaent red light at a wavelen&th of 633 RIlL

He-Ne - Common name for heJium neon laser.

197

-----------------~- .... -.- -.. ~~.~---~ .. ---_ .. _--..... -_ .. ~

APPENDlXl GLOSSARY

Horizontal Bar Code - A bar rode or symbol presented in such a manner that its overall length dimension is parallel to the horizon. The bars are presented in an array which look like a picket fence.

Impad Printing - Any printing system where a micro processor controlled hammer impadS against a ribbon and a substrate. ,/

Ink Jet - A method of printing using Hquid ink projected a drop at a time against a substrate.

Intercbarader Gap - The space between two adjacent bar code characters in a discrete code (i.e., the clear space between two characters in USS-39).

Interleaved Two of Five Code - a 2/5) • A number-only bar code symbology cmsisting of five bars, two of which are wide. In this code both the bars and spaces carry information See AIM)(5..1 USS I 2/5 for specifications.

Ion Deposition - (see "EIect:rostatic").

Ladder Code - (see "Vertical Bar Code") ..

Laser Scanner - An optical bar code reading device using a low-energy laser ligbt beam as ilS source of illumination.

LED .. Light emitting diode. A semicOnductor that produces light at a frequency determined by its chemical composition. The light source commonly used in wand·type readers.

LOGMAltS - Logistics Applications of Automated Marking and Jteading Symbols. A U.S. Department of Defense program to place a Code 39 symbol on all

.. federal items. For specifications, see Mil-Std 1189.

MHI - The Material Handling Institute, Inc.

MICR. - Magnetic Ink Character Jtecognition. The stylized printing on the lower left of personal and bank checks.

MD-Std - Mllitary Standard.

Misread - A condition which occurs when the data output of a reader does not agree with the data enroded in the bar code symbol.

198

APPENDlXt GLOSSARY

Module -1be narrowest nominal unit 01 meatnIN in a ... code.

Module Cleek Dipt or Ouaracter - A character within die symbol data field cak:uJated using modular 1ritJunetic. which Is used for error deleo:tion. The cak:uJated character Is determined by applyins a code aJsoritbm to the data 6eJd contents. (see "Check CharacIer").

Movinl Beam Bar Code Read. - A scanning device where tc.alUliJtg motion Is adUeved by mechanic:ally Jl10Yins the optical pomeby.

MllD - Minimum RefIedance Diffeenllal; A method that Is used to deleiuaiM If there is an adequate cUffeerace between abeoobed and reflec:ted Ji&Id.

Nanomebe - Unit of measme used to define the wavelength 0Ilisht. Equal to 10" meta. .

Nominal - The exact (01' ideal) intended value for a spedfted paramelII!r. Tole ...... are specified as positiw and negatiw deviations from this value. .

NOli-read -'!be absence of data at the scanner output after an atteDapied scan due to JIO code, defective code, scanner failure 01' operator error.

NUJIlhr S,-teJll - Re UPC - A method 01 identlfyins individual 01' groups 01 objects. Number SYSIemI are of two typaI-1. Signifkant digit where each item is uniquely idenllfied. 2. Non-sipificant dipt where sequendalnumbera are IIIIIigrted n!pIdIeIs

01 product or item desa::iption.

Nuaerk - A character set that inc:Iudes only numbers.

0CJl- Optical Oaaracter Reaption.

OCR-A - An abbreviation commonly applied to tile character set Q)Jaiued in ANSI SId. X3.11-1914.

OCR-B - An abbreviation commonly applied to the character set contained in ANSI SId. X3.49-19'15.

Opacity - The Popel ty of a substrate malerial that minimizes show-IJuoush from the back side or the next sheet. '!be ratio of the reflectance with a black baddng to the reflectance widla while badd..,. Ink opacity is the popeat, of an ink that prevents die substrate from showins through.

199

APPENDlXl GLOSSARY

Optic:al Throw· The distance from the scanner face to the closest point at which symbol can be read; also, optical throw is the difference between range and depth of field.

Orienta don .. The alignment of the symbol's scan path. Two possible orientadons are horizontal with vertical bars and spaces (picket fence) and vertical wIth horizontal bars and spaces Oadder).

Overhead .. The fixed number of characters required for start, stop and checking in a given symbol. For example, a symbol requiring a start/stop and two check characters contains four characters of overhead. Thus, to encode three characters, seven characters are required.

pes . Print Contrast Signal .. A measurement of the ratio of the reflectivities between the bars and spaces of a symbol. PCS is calculated as:

PCS=RI-Rd Rl

where:

Rlis the reflectance of the Ught background and Rd is the reflectance of the dark bars.

Pen Sc:anner .. A pen-Uke device either connected by wire to a device, or self­amtained, used to read bar codes. Requires direct contact with the symbol.

Photo Ccnnp .. Photo composition· A system to produce very high quality labels by computer/photography.

Picket Fence Code .. (see "Horizontal Bar Code").

Pitch .. Rotation of a bar code symbol about an axis parallel to the direction of the bars.

Preprinted Symbol - A symbol which is printed in advance of application either on a label or on the article to be identified.

Print Contrast - (see "PCS").

Print Quality .. The measure of compliance of a bar code symbol to the requirements of dimensional tolerance, edge roughness, spots, voids, reflectance, PeS, quiet zone, and encodation.

200

APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY

Qaift Zone - A dear space, containing no dark mulct, which precedes the ..... character of a symbol and follows the stop charaders.

Radio Frequency - Non-opticll automatic identification deYices that use radio waYeS to transmit data.

lladio Frequency T-S - AD eJectronk: lII8 capable of rea:i't'iDs/storiDS and/or trarlsDUHiDg digital information.

Refledma! - The ratio of the amount of Jisht of • ip"d8ed waf II", or se ...... of W'I.YeIengths reflected fnm a test surface to the amount of lisht refIeded from a barium odele « magnesium odele standard.

Retolalf .. - The narrowest eJenlE!ftt dimension w'hich can be cIIstbtguisbed. by a particular reading device 01' printed with a particular dewia! or method.

Rl ... - A doth 01' plaslic tape coaled with several Jayes of maIeriaI" GIlle of whidl is ink-like, that produces the YisibIe marb en • substrate. Used OIl fOimed foal bnpac:t, dot matrix, thermal transfer and hot stamp .,.illla .. Also c::aDed "PoD-.

Seauer - AD elecbOluc device that optially converts optial iDfcnnatioa into ekctakal signals.

SeU-d&eddnl - A bar code « symbol usiDg a c:hedtiDg aJpitbm which can be iDdependendy applied to ..m. cIwac:Ier 10 pant apinst undelecIed ah ...

Show-dttoup - The generaUy undesirable pIopeny of • substrate that pamill underlying marIdrIp to be seen.

Skew - Rotation of • bar code symhoI about an axis panIIello the symboI's .. IlL

Solid State ....... Scanner - A relali .. leading edge type of laser that has becOl •• quite sua:essfuL It emits light at • wavelength of 670 DIll and also at 780 DIlL

Spac:e - Tbe lighter element of. bar code usually formed by the backgmund betWeeI' bus.

Spac:e Width - The thidcness of a space measured from the edse closest to the I symbol start c:baractet to the traiIina edge of the same space

Spectrd IlHpODH - The varfatim b& 5e11Sitivity of • readins device to light of 1 different wavel~gths.

j 201

JUPENDIXI GLOSSARY

Sp«ular Reflection - The mirror-like reflection of light from a surface.

Spot - The undesirable presence 01 ink or dirt in a space.

SPRR (Second Pass Read Rate) - The ratio 01 the number of successful reads to the number 01 attempts on the second effort.

STAC .. Symbol Technical Advisory Committee to the Uniform Code Council, Inc. (see "Uniform Code Council").

Stacked Codes - 16K and Code 49 are examples where a long symbol is broken into sections and "stacked" one upon another similar to sentences in a paragraph. Bxtreme1y compact codes.

StaJldud - A set Qlndes, specifications, instructions and directions to use a bar code or other automatic identification system to your profit. Usually issued by an organization, e.g. Logmars, HlBCC, UPC, etc.

Start-Stop Charader or Pattern - A special bar code character that provideS the scanner with start and stop reading instructions as well as scanning direction. The start character is normally at the left-hand end of a horizontally oriented symbol. The stop character is normally at the right-hand end of a horizontally oriented symbol.

SubetilutiOll Error - A mis-encodation, mis-read or human key entry error where a character that was to be entered is substituted with erroneous information. Example: Correct information - 1234; substitution -1235.

Substrate - The surface on which a bar code symbol is printed

Symbol- A combination of characters including start/stop characters, quiet zones, data characters, arid check characters required by a particular symbology, which form a complete, scannable entity.

Symbol Density - The number of data characters per unit length; usually expressed as Characters Per Inch (CPI)

Symbol Length - The distance between the outside edges of the quiet zone.

TCS .. Transport Case Symbol.

Thermal - A printing system where dots are selectively heated and cooled on heat sensitive paper. The paper turns dark in the heated areas.

202

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APPENDIXl GLOSSARY

1"ha:aaI TJaJI8fer - A printing '15IeD& UIce thermal except ., one-time ribbon is used and OOIIunon paper is used as a substrate. Eliminates the prob1 ,I. 01 fading or changing color fnheftnt in thermal

TDt - Rotation of a bar code symbol about an alds perperuIic:ullIlD the substrate.

uee - Uniform Code Council. formerly UJdfenn Product Code Council; the organization which administeft the UPC and other retail standaJds.

ues - Uniform Container Symbol.

UPe - Uni,asaJ Product Code, the standard bar aide symbol lor reIaillood pad.". in the UDited. States.

UPCC - Universal Product Carton Code; a standard ac:IministeIed by the uc:c. -uss - Uniform Symbol Spedficadon. The current safes of symbolo8J' spedftcations

published by AIM; currendy includes tJSS.1 2/5, US5-39, U5S-93, tJSS.. Codabv and tJSS-128.

Verifier - A device that makes measurements of the bus, Sf'6i es. quiet ZIOI es and optical characteristics of a symbol 10 determine if the symbol meets the requirements of a specification CI' .tandard.

VeJtiaI .... CocIe - A bar code patbm ptllented. in such orientation that the SjDW &om start 10 stop is perpendicu.Iar 10 the horizon. The indiYidual ... are in an array appeariDs IS nmp of a lad ....

Vol. -The undesirabJe a'bsalcle 01 ink in a bar.

Wand - (see "Wand Scanuer").

Wand Samter - A hand·he1d scanning device used IS a contad bar code CI' OCR reacIer.

Wed. - A de,ia! that plugs in betwem a keJboud and a tenniDaL It aDowa data 10 be entered either' by Jceyboard or by various types 01 scanners.

"X" DlmeuioD - The dimension of the lUoIiOwest bar and I'Wwwest space in • bar aide.

203

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