F R A U N H O F E R A P P L I C AT I O N C E N T E R S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T

SYSTEM RESEARCH E-MOBILITY:

GRID INTEGRATION AND

ENERGY BUSINESS PROSPECTS The challenge

Whether currently electric distribution

grids are designed for a simultaneous

consumption by electricity consumers and

the additional E-Mobility, particularly within

cities and towns, is not yet adequately

researched. The performance of these dis-

tribution grids could be exceeding through

parallel charging processes of such electric

vehicles (e.g. closing time). Consequently,

network operators of these regions have

to choose between a network expansion

of the distribution grid or a smart charging

management. Using such a controllable,

load-dependent charging process, an

additional sharing of information between

the market actors (grid operator, trader,

charging station operator) could be

necessary.

Within Fraunhofer System Research for

Electromobility FSEM, the Fraunhofer AST

investigates the requirements of the grid

integration of E-Mobility, identifies the

involved market players and researches the

relevant power economy aspects regarding

to communication processes. Under the

perspective of cost-effectiveness, possible

value-added services of the vehicle energy

storage, considering the infrastructure

requirements (battery-charging station,

billing, distribution grid expansion), are

evaluated.

Fraunhofer Application Center

System Technology AST

Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Person to contact:

Dr Peter Bretschneider

Phone +49 3677 461-102

peter.bretschneider@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg

Phone +49 3677 416-111

oliver.warweg@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

founded by:

1 2

Research

Grid integration of E-MobilityIn the first step, a wide-range requirements

review of E-Mobility regarding to the

public power supply is made. Based on a

model-based grid simulation, smart control

concepts of the system management are

designed. The electrical storage potentials

of the vehicle battery (peak load balancing)

are also taking into account.

Power economics and regulatory perspectives

Based on current energy directives and the

result of the requirements review, concepts

of different charging and discharging

processes are arranged (see also figure

1). Thereby, the main market players are

identified, which are connected with an

optimal grid operational management (e.g.

avoiding an expensive grid expansion).

Further analysis are dealing with the requi-

red technologies such as smart metering or

energy demand management.

Individual traffic with electricityIn the co-operative project Fraunhofer

System Research for Electromobility FSEM,

over 30 Fraunhofer institues develops alter-

native transportation systems. The aim are

prototypes for hybrid and electric vehicles

and supporting the German automotive

industry in the new field of E-Mobility.

The German Federal Ministry of Education

and Research supports the project with a

amount of 44 million from the German

stimulus packages I and II.

Business modelsIn a third step and in collaboration with

Fraunhofer ISI and Fraunhofer UMSICHT,

a reference model for the evaluation of

business models and several E-Mobility

scenarios is developed. This model

considers the acquisition costs, services,

charging stations, infrastructure and

payback periods amongst others, which is

the basis to generate innovative business

models relating to the grid operators and

considering the expected market grew of

E-Mobility.

1 Possible ICT connection, roles

and responsibilities

Energy management_RESIDENS.pdf

F R A U N H O F E R A P P L I C AT I O N C E N T E R S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T

RESIDENS: SMART-METERING IN PRACTISE The challenge

Electronic meters - also known as

smart meters - are considered as

technically appropriate devices to disclose

large-scale energy efficiency potentials

for individual households. Whereas as

today, the consumer has little knowledge

of energy consumption, smart metering

provides the end user with much more

accurate information about her own energy

consumption, enabling a more deliberate

use of energy. Furthermore, with smart

metering, flexible tariffs, such as load-

dependent tariffs can be established on a

monthly or quarterly basis. The potential

impact on energy producers, energy service

providers, energy grid operators and the

end customers in a final step, are subject

of the RESIDENS-Project (Research project

for more efficient energy usage by system

orientated integration of end consumers)

founded by the Thringer Ministerium fr

Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur.

Following an interdisciplinary approach

which takes into account of the grid per-

spective as a technical system, the energy

procurement and billing processes as well

as end users as electrical loads implying

individual attitudes and behaviors. The

core element of consumer communication

is an interactive web interface which

provides detailed information to the end

user, like the current tariff, the total energy

consumption and individual consumption

characteristics. Additionally, comparisons

with the previous day, month or even the

last year can also be obtained. Therefore,

up to 200 test persons are scheduled

which will be equipped with appropriate

metering technology and flexible tariffs in

the distribution grid of Stadtwerke Ilmenau

GmbH.

Fraunhofer Application Center

System Technology AST

Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Person to contact:

Dr Peter Bretschneider

Phone +49 3677 461-102

peter.bretschneider@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg

Phone +49 3677 416-111

oliver.warweg@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

www.residens-projekt.de

1 2

Objectives

Design and implementation of an IT ap-proach to involve smart metering in real energy distribution and data exchange processes

Optimal integration of smart metering data in the energy data management under consideration of energy manage-ment and energy trading

Optimization of the feedback system, involving all relevant players in the de-regulated electricity market, particulary energy suppliers and end users

Design and practical implementation of optimization models managing the energy demand considering fluctuating energy supply by end user and energy demand management to minimize balancing energy and excess quantity/shortage in quantity

Initiator and partners

Fraunhofer Application Center System Technology AST

Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT

Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institut fr Energiewirtschaftsrecht

Ilmenau University of Technology Stadtwerke Ilmenau GmbH

Development and testing of an opera-tional management affecting the end user motivation, considering the energy market

Design and implementation of a control system concept recombining a simultaneous integration of wind energy and the energy supply of the end user including the energy market

Analysis of reliability and bandwidth requirements using smart metering to afford end-user-orientated balancing

energy minimization

Web interface of the smart meter client

Energy management_sMobiliTy.pdf

A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T

sMobiliTy: INTELLIGENT LOAD- AND CHARGING MANAGEMENT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

The Task

The general idea behind the project Smart

Mobility Thringen is the development of

a cloud-based system and service platform

for electric mobility.

The innovative ICT platform concept

connects existing systems with new

additional functionalities over a cloud.

Those systems consist of an energy efficient

navigation and an intelligent load and

energy management system.The new

applications will be demonstrated within

field tests sMobiliTy City Erfurt and

sMobiliTy Power Management.

The Target

The aim of the AST managed sub-project

iLLMAN, is the conception and

implementation of a software solution for

realizing various approaches of controlled

charging of electric vehicles by using the

sMobiliTy-Cloud functions.

Part of it will be the long wave radio

technology for the controlling of the charge

process. The solution investigates, whether

the technological approach is cost efficient

or not. The rudiments will be practically

proven in the field test and evaluated with

deterministic and probabilistic simulations.

This is the foundation of the analysis,

assessment and further development of

existing market concepts, methods of local

load and feeding forecast and techniques

to optimize the grid management and the

balancing group management.

Advanced System Technology AST

Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Department Energy:

Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg

Telefon +49 3677 461-111

oliver.warweg@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Arnoldt

Telefon +49 3677 461-183

alexander.arnoldt@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

martSMobili yThringen1

Realization

Based on the current state of science and

technology three crucial novel approaches

are investigated:

The development of an interoperable, vendor independent and open-minded system and service platform as an ICT-infrastructure, for interconnection and optimal usage of all necessary technical systems for e-mobility

The usage of local traffic data to realize a driver-assistance by a journey-time and mileage optimized navigation system

The use of available and established long wave radio technologies for realization of charge control of electric vehicles, that is compliant to current legal regulations.

The determination of user acceptance and

grid critical factor in a field test

R&D Focus Areas

Local forecast for load and in feed Optimization model for the realization of

suitable charging strategies

Prototypical realization of load and charging management

Market-compliant field test Simulation of new local markets to

support the power supplies

Research of information redundancy for a cost-efficient infrastructure

Influence of the Cloud approach on energy economic processes

Elaboration of an operator concept for anti-discriminatory and accessible infrastructures

Project Partner

INNOMAN GmbH (consortium manager)

Bauhaus Universitt Weimar Advanced System Technology AST

Branch of the Fraunhofer IOSB

envia Mitteldeutsche Energie AG EPSa - Elektronik & Przisionsbau

Saalfeld GmbH

HKW Elektronik GmbH IMMS GmbH Landeshauptstadt Erfurt TAf mobile GmbH ACX GmbH

2

2 Management concept

with the different actors and

infrastructure and they interact

with each other over smart

mobility cloud.

1 Copyright: Ingo Daute/

Fraunhofer

FENIA_en.pdf

A D VA N C E D S Y S T E M T E C H N O L O G Y A S T

FENIA - THE POWER PLANT MODEL FOR GERMANY

Challenge

The rapid expansion of renewable energies

wind and photovoltaic plants with a

cumulated output of about 94,000 MW

were installed in 2017 alone causes an

increased investment uncertainty in the

field of conventional electricity generation.

Whether future full load hours, merit order

prices or CHP-demands: For the construc-

tion and management of adjustable and

non-fluctuating power, reliable key figures

are needed on the basis of which long-

lasting investment decisions can be taken.

These data do not only affect conventional

electricity generation but, by means

of direct marketing, also the electricity

generation from renewable energies.

FENIA

With the fundamental model FENIA

(fundamental model of the energy business

of Fraunhofer IOSB Advanced System

Technology AST ), a powerful tool for the

simulation of future merit order prices was

created. The energy management solution

EMS-EDM PROPHET with its state of the

art optimization module RPS forms the

basis. In FENIA, all German power plants

(broken down by plant unit) as well as

the generating capacities from renewable

energies and pumped-storage power plants

are stored. Both for the past as well as for

the future, the utilization schedule broken

down by hour and the degree of capacity

utilization of power plant technologies,

energy storages or new technologies can

be determined according to merit order.

Advanced System Technology AST

Am Vogelherd 50

98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Department Energy:

Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Inf. Oliver Warweg

Phone +49 3677 461-111

oliver.warweg@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

Dipl.-Math. Steffi Naumann

Phone +49 3677 461-104

steffi.naumann@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

www.iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

1

1 With FENIA, the future utilization

of conventional power generation

can be determined. Photo: Creative

Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5

Generic

1 2

Features

Illustration broken down by plant unitsof all German power plants includingrenewable energies and pumped storage power plants based, amongst others, on the Federal Network Agency List with a total capacity of more than 180,000 MW

Illustration of the future electricitygeneration from renewable energiesbased on the network development plan 2013 for the years 2023 and 2033

High correlation of the merit order pricesfrom the model for the EEX Day-Ahead-Price for the base year 2011

Resolution per hour Analysis per state is possible Consideration of cross-border capacities

and trade balances with Europeanneighboring states

Fields of application

Simulation of future merit-order prices Increased security for investment decisi-

ons and future repair measures

Determination of future full load hoursfor conventional electricity generationand energy storages

Economic considerations of priceoptimal scanning of todays and futureresidual loads

2 Merit order model

Model characteristics

Mixed integer linear programming(MILP)

Target function: Minimization of totalsystem costs

Time basis: Hour Simple modelling with graphical

topology editor

Creation and utilization of scenarios formodel variation

Extensive mathematical functions for thecalculation of individual tasks

Openness for customer-specificprocesses

Automation

System requirements

Optimization system: EMS-EDMPROPHET

Modelling languages: GAMS Solver: CPLEX / GUROB