Making sense of a flat list of

terms into Linked Open Data

SKOS vocabularies

Helder FIRMINOa and Ana Alice BAPTISTAb

ae-mail:pg19785@alunos.uminho.ptbe-mail: analice@dsi.uminho.pt

University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

Summary

Contextualisation

Problem

Objectives

Methodology

Results

References

June 13, 2013 2

Contextualisation

June 13, 2013 3

This project aims to organize and publish all

terms of the website of the Portuguese

Communications Authority – ANACOM, into a

linked open data perspective.

We selected a W3C recommendation, SKOS,

that allows concepts to be composed and

published on the World Wide Web, linked with

data on the Web and integrated into other

concept schemes(4).

Problem (1/2)

ANACOM has all its

Web Site resources

described using

Dublin Core (DC),

encoded in HTML,

which corresponds to

the level one of

interoperability for DC

metadata and in level

3 of the Tim Berners-

Lee’ five star scheme.

June 13, 2013 4

[Source: http://dublincore.org/documents/interoperability-levels/]

[Source: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html]

Problem (1/2)

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Tag Catalogue (HTML format)

[Source: ANACOM’s website]

Objectives

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Analyse and organize the terms being used to

describe resources at ANACOM's website;

Relate the resulting controlled vocabularies

with other existing vocabularies;

Encode the resulting controlled vocabularies in

SKOS in, at least, two languages, and under a

five star LOD perspective.

Methodology

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We adopted a hybrid approach, combining the

best features of each methodology. Specifically

with regard to the construction of vocabularies,

we will combine Ontology Development 101(6)

and the methodology proposed by the

European Programme ISA(7), one of the most

recent outputs in this area.

Results (1/7)

June 13, 2013 8

DC Annotations

http://protege.stanford.eduProtege

Results (2/7)

June 13, 2013 9

http://protege.stanford.edu

Class hierarchy

Results (3/7)

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OWLViz - Class Hierarchy

Results (4/7)

Annotation

properties, we

highlighted the

SKOS constructs

such as prefLabel,

altLabel, narrower,

broader and others.

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http://protege.stanford.edu

Results (5/7)

June 13, 2013 12

Individuals (terms)

http://protege.stanford.edu

Results (6/7)

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OntoGraf view of term (EUA), with Labels in 2 languages, portuguese

and english.

Results (7/7)

June 13, 2013 14

OntoGraf view of entitie EuropeanCountry and individuals

References1. Lévy P. Cibercultura. São Paulo: Editora 34. 1999.

2. Berners-Lee T. Linked Data - Design Issues [Internet].2009 [cited 2013

Jan 21]. Available from:

http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

3. W3C. Semantic Web [Internet]; 2013 [cited 2013 Jan 21]. Available

from: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/

4. Isaac, A., & Summers, E. SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization

System Primer. 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from

http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-skos-primer-20090818/

5. Nilsson M, Baker T, Johnston P. Interoperability Levels for Dublin Core

Metadata [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2010 Jun 9]. Available from:

http://dublincore.org/documents/interoperability-levels/

6. Noy N, McGuinness D. Ontology development 101:A Guide to Creating

Your First Ontology. Stanford University; 2001 [cited 2012 Sep 20].

Available from:

http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology101/ontology101

-noy-mcguinness.html

7. PwC EU Services EESV. Process and Methodology for Core

Vocabularies (p. 59). Brussels: European Commission. 2012. Retrieved

from http://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/D3.1-

Process%20and%20Methodology%20for%20Core%20Vocabularies_v1.

01.pdf

June 13, 2013 15

Tack!

Thank you!

Obrigado!

June 13, 2013 16