precedent studies for green street edges

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ARTWHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ART?In a general sense, it is art that helps improve our relationship with the natural world. There is no definition set in stone. This living worldwide movement is growing and changing as you read this. Much environmental art is ephemeral, designed for a particular place (site-specific) and involves collaborations between artists and others such as scientists, educators and community groups. Some environmental art: - Interprets nature, creating artworks that inform us about nature and its processes, or about environmental problems we face - Is concerned with environmental forces and materials, creating artworks affected or powered by wind, water, lightning, even earthquakes - Re-envisions our relationship to nature, proposing through their work new ways for us to co-exist with our environment - Reclaims and remediates damaged environments, restoring ecosystems in artistic and often aesthetic ways

http://www.greenmuseum.org/what_is_ea.php

Street art is any art developed in public spaces - that is, “in the streets” — though the term usually refers to art of an illicit nature (as opposed to, for instance, government or community art initiatives). The term can include traditional graffiti artwork, though it is often used to distinguish modern public-space artwork from traditional graffiti and the overtones of gang territoriality and vandalism associated with it. Street art is the art on the streets.

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=street+art

Environment art- Refers to art which involves the creation or manipulation of a large or enclosed space, many effectively surrounding its audience. Architectural (including landscape architectural) design might be said to qualify as environment art, although the term usually refers to artworks which do not function as either of these kinds of environmental design typically do.

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/environmentart.html

What is “Environmental Art”?Artwork created by artists concerned with the state of our environment worldwide, and with their local situation. Environmental artists often work in these ways:

- Artists interpret nature, creating artworks to inform us about nature and its processes, or about environmental problems we face - Artists interact with environmental forces, creating artworks affected or powered by wind, water, lightning, even earthquakes - Artists re-envision our relationship to nature, proposing through their work new ways for us to co-exist with our environment - Artists reclaim and remediate damaged environments, restoring nature in artistic and often aesthetic ways

http://www.eco-art.org/

Photos: http://www.bluejake.com/archives/2005/08/05/parisian_streetart.php

The difference between public and community artartsource encourages an understanding of the distinction between art in public places and community art. Ideally, art that is predominately designed and made by a professional artist, is public art. Public artworks may involve the community in various stages of consultation however a community art project is when non-artist members of the community actively participate in the making of the work. Ideally, a trained artist and/or community arts worker facilitates community arts projects.

http://www.artsource.net.au/clientservices/client_def.htm

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2 | ART

2002-1999

[ARTIST] Louise Bourgeois / MAMAN

[LOCATION] TOKYO, JAPAN

[DIMENSIONS] 9.27 x 8.91 x 10.23(h)m

[MATERIALS] Bronze, Stainless, Marble

Roppongi Hills Public Art and Design ProjectArtists from all of the World designed street funiture in Roppongi Hills with a concept of a “center of culture”. In 2003, Mori Building opened Mori Art Museum in the Roppongi Hills. The Museum is one of the largest in Japan, and attracts attention as a new focal point of art with a focus on contemporary art.

Roppongi Hills

Street Art

Karim Rashid2003sKape0.7 x 9.0 x 1.94(h)m

Tatsuo Miyajima20033.2 x 2.2 m x 6 words

[FOR MORE INFO]

In the Field - http://roppongihills.com/jp/feature/publicart_design/

Ron Arad2003Evergreen?1.48 x 6.04 x 2.71(h)m

Tokujin Yoshioka2003Chair disappears in the rain Chair: 0.75 x 0.98 x 0.99(h) x 0.41(sh)Thomas Sandell Annas Stenar0.77 x 1.5 x 0.45(h)m

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3 | ART

Photo: Bicycle parking sign, Seattle

Street Art

Sign

Bicycle

Bench

Clock

SeattleDowntown

Art

Portland

Wall Art

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4 | ART

Community ArtSunnyside Piazza

SE 33rd & Yamhill Streets, Portland, OR

Sunnyside Piazza is an inner Portland street intersection that surrounding neighbors converted into a community gathering place in September 2001. Working with the non-profit organization The City Repair Project, the residents of Sunnyside neighborhood designed their piazza, raised money for materials, and installed it themselves in accordance with a city ordinance that allows any Portland neighborhood to do such a project. The Piazza includes a giant street mural based on the image of a sunflower, as well as a community kiosk and an art wall created with natural building techniques by residents and local artists.

A street intersection that was turned into a

comm

unity gathering place by residents.

[FOR MORE INFO]

In the Field - http://www.pps.org/great_public_spaces/one?public_place_id=504#

Photo: Information for Community

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ART

[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER]_ JONNA POHJALAINEN

[LOCATION]_ Environmental Art workshop of the Open Air Art Museum in PEDVALE, LATVIA

[YEAR]_ 2006

[MATERIALS]_ timber

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION]_ ““Colour Pencils” of Jonna Pohjalainen brings forth the special challenges of the Environmental Art. This fine documentation of her work “Colour Pencils” shows us how the work is connected with its surroundings and how it changes during different weather conditions and times of the day.” - Lea Turto

From the Letter of Jonna Pohjalainen: “I travelled to work in Pedvale with empty hands. I admired the lovely rural scene and the sunsets of Pedvale. I used local aspen in my work because of its lively forms and beautiful, grey colour. While you sharpen your pencils you can see time passing by. Colours bring joy and happiness in our everyday life. I chose a place of of my work because of the sunsets. You can sit and meditate near my work and look at the sunsets. Without sun there are no colours and life!”

MAIN PHOTO(S)

adjust this box accordingly

(don’t forget, you can play around w/ both toolbar arrows to adjust your photos! i.e. ‘filled-in’ arrow + ‘not-filled-in’ arrow)

quik-tip! hit SHIFT + CTRL button while dragging your mouse to resize frame and photo at same time!

Photo: Jonna Pohjalainen

Photo: Jonna Pohjalainen[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.environmentalart.net/jonna_pohjalainen.htm

http://www.elisanet.fi/jonna.pohjalainen/

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ COLOUR PENCILS

Photos: Jonna Pohjalainen

Without sun there are no colours and life! Photo: Jonna Pohjalainen

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ART

[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER]_LEA TURTO

[LOCATION]_ HUTTINEN, HELSINKI, FINLAND

[YEAR]_ 2000, 2004

[MATERIALS]_ plastic spoons, knives and forks

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION]_ “One of my concerns was: If we try to dominate Nature, what will happen? We can control plastic gardens, but we will lose all the wildness by applying too much control.

Here are some photographs of my work: an installation of 12,000 plastic spoons, knives and forks. On each occasion I produce a new version appropriate for the chosen setting.

“It was like a performance. I looked odd and members of the public came to talk to me. It looked like I was planting flowers and several people came to ask : What are these new flowers? They were surprised to find that my flowers were plastic and had no life. The public also took part in “planting” the plastic flowers.” - Lea Turto

Photo: Lea Turto

Photo: Lea Turto

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.environmentalart.net/turto/garden.htm

Photos: Lea Turto, Marja Hakaka

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ PLASTIC GARDEN

“An integral part of my work is audience participation: members of the public leave their mark while the art is being created...” - Lea Turto

Photo: Lea Turto

“My works communicate with the social and cultural environment as well as with space and nature. “ - Lea TurtoPhoto: Lea Turto

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ART

[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER]_ LEA TURTO

[LOCATION]_ Open Air Art Museum in PEDVALE, LATVIA

[YEAR]_ 2002

[MATERIALS]_clay

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION]_ Installation of four big stones shaped with clay, depicting mushrooms.

“This was close to the idea of community art : to show art in the open air, in common spaces like parks, riversides, old empty factories…and to communicate directly with the public, so that they can meet the artist at work and become involved with making an art exhibition.”

- Lea Turto

Photo: Lea Turto

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.environmentalart.net/turto/teoksia.htm

Photos: Lea Turto

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ THE STONES LIKE MUSHROOMSSeat for Romance, Mätäjoki, Finland, 2000.The seat is made of wood and filled with straw.

Photo: Lea Turto

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[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER]_ LYNNE HULL

[LOCATION]_ UTAH, USA

[MATERIALS]_ stone, sandstone

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION]_

Water capture basins for desert wildlife, holding from one to 5 gallons of rain or snowmelt.

Lynne Hull’s habitat sculptures work at several levels, acting as ecoatonements to restore habitat damaged by human impact while encouraging humans to understand wildlife needs and shift attitudes toward our relationship with other species.

“My focus is on trans-species art, sculptures contributing to wildlife habitat. I want to make a positive gesture toward the earth and express my concerns for nurturance of other species and endangered lifecycles.” - Lynne Hull

Beckoning Cistern photo credit: belltown’s photos-flickr (arial, 9pt, justify left, italics)

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ HYDROGLYPHFlowing Water Moon Hydroglyph. Carved Sandstone.9’ x 6’ x 5”. Utah, 1992-95.by Lynne Hull

Artist working on “Hydroglyph” carvingPhoto: Lynne Hull

Upper left: Moonphases hydroglyph 14”x2” to 4” by Lynne Hull

Upper right: Scatter hydroglyph 4’x3’x3” Near Moab, Utah, 1987 by Lynne Hull

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.greenmuseum.org/content/artist_index/artist_id-7.html

http://www.eco-art.org/

9| ART

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EDGES

| EDGES

According to SDOT, the definition of Planting Strip is

“That portion of street lying between the constructed curb and property line, exclusive of the sidewalk area: Provided, that if there is no constructed curb, then the “planting strip” means that portion of the street lying between a constructed sidewalk and the property line: Provided further, that if there is no constructed curb or constructed sidewalk, then planting strip means that portion of the street lying between the traveled way and the property line, exclusive of any established pedestrian path.”

[SCOPE & OPPORTUNITES]_

Drainage- FLOOD CONTROL and minimizing the flow of stormwater off site by creating more space for plants and soil to absorb rainwater.

photo credit: www.ci.seattle.wa.us

[FOR MORE INFO]_

In the Field - http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/plantingstrip.htm

PARKING STRIPS: DEFINiTION - SCOPE- OPPORTUNITIES

1

Water Quality-Utilize a combination of soils and plants to FILTER RAINWATER and allow it to seep into the ground.

Landscape-Designing the parking strips to be BEAUTIFUL as well as USEFUL.

Mobility-Creating visual interest and thus, causing traffic to move at a SAFE pace.

Community-Creating an IDENTITY and a SENSE OF PLACE in the neighborhood.

Education-Set an example for future ‘GREEN STREETS’ projects.

LANDSCAPE

COMMUNITY

MOBILITY

DRAINAGEWATER-QUALITY

The future is not just what lies ahead; it is what we create. -Richard T. T. Forman

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EDGES

| EDGES

[DEVELOPED BY]_ Seattle Public Utilities

[LOCATION]_Seattle, WA

[YEAR]_ 1999

[AREA]_ 2.3 acres

[COST]_ $850,000

photo credit: http://www.4culture.org

[FOR MORE INFO]_

In the Field - http://www.seattle.gov/util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/Natural_Drainage_Systems/Street_Edge_Alternatives/index.asp

Beckoning Cistern photo credit: belltown’s photos-flickr (arial, 9pt, justify left, italics)

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ SEA STREETS, SEATTLE

Marginalia:phrase, quote, photo, drawing, diagram(arial, 10pt, justify left)


The Street Edge Alternatives (SEA) Streets Project transforms a typical north Seattle block into a curving, tree-lined strip with a better stormwater management system that uses swales and culverts.

photo credit: Mark

source: www.djc.com

photo credit: SPUphoto credit: Shikha2

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EDGES

| EDGES

[DEVELOPED BY]_ SPU, SHA

[LOCATION]_ West Seattle, WA

[YEAR]_ Phase I completed in 2006

[SITE AREA]_120 acres [BRIEF DESCRIPTION]_

The streets tilt slightly toward one side, and in place of gutters, shallow swales have been planted with a variety of native drought-tolerant shrubs, trees and grasses. The soil in the swales has been enriched with about 3 feet of compost much like the ground surface of a forest. The plants, soil and microorganisms function as a natural filter for toxins. Water from roofs, parking and streets is diverted to these swales, which, through natural processes, filter toxins from the water.

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.thehighpoint.com/expo/S_Natural.html

http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/Natural_Drainage_Systems/High_Point_Project/index.asp

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ HIGH POINT, SEATTLE

source: SVR

photo credit: SPU/Parks

photo credit: Mark

photo credit: Markphoto credit: Shikha

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curb-cut for intake

plan from community exhibit

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EDGES

| EDGES

[DEVELOPED BY]_City of Portland BES

[LOCATION]_ Portland, OR

[YEAR]_ 2005

[SITE AREA]_272 sq. ft.

[COST]_$34,000


This series of landscaped stormwater planters captures and infiltrates approximately 8,000 square feet of street runoff. Nearly all this runoff, estimated at 180,000 gallons annually, is now managed by this system instead of heading directly into the Willamette River via a storm sewer. Notably, this project demonstrated that highly urbanized streetscapes could be sucessfully retrofitted to manage runoff while maintaining strong pedestrian circulation and on-street parking.


photo credit: Shikha

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=34601&a=123776

intake drain photo credit: Shikha

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ SW 12TH AVENUE, PORTLAND

signage explainsthe project to passersby

source: Landscape Architecture magazine (September 2006)


photo credit: Mark

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[YEAR]_ 2003

[SITE AREA]_600 sq. ft.

[COST]_$17,000


This project was Portland’s first residential, on-street stormwater management project. It was constructed in part to reduce the amount of runoff entering a combined sewer system (wastewater and stormwater) which was experiencing overflow events. Other project goals were to demonstrate how Portland could retrofit existing streets to manage stormwater flow and volume effectively and inexpensively.

photo credit: Mark

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=34601&a=123777

intake drain photo credit: www.portlandonline.com

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ SISKIYOU STREET, PORTLAND

signage at the project site


photo credit: Mark

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EDGES

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[YEAR]_ 2004


These street stormwater planters were part of complete stormwater management project at a Portland grocery store. As a whole, the project removes a whopping one million gallons of stormwater from the combined sewer system annually.

photo credit: Mark

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=123781


[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ NEW SEASONS MARKET, PORTLAND

New Seasons Market

source: www.portlandonline.com

photo credit: Mark


photo credit: www.portlandonline.com

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[YEAR]_ 2006

[COST]_$50,000[BRIEF DESCIPTION]_

This project drains roughly 5,000 square feet of street runoff through a combination of curb extensions and stormwater planters. In addition to the environmental benefits provided, this project also improved the pedestrian crossing and beautified the streetscape.

[FOR MORE INFO]_

http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=131225


[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ PEOPLE’S FOOD CO-OP, PORTLAND

photo credit: Mark


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EDGES

| EDGES

[DEVELOPED BY]_ City of Maplewood

[LOCATION]_ Maplewood, MN

[YEAR]_ 2002

[LENGTH]_2.7 miles


This project incorporated the use of swales, rain gardens and ribbon curb to manage stormwater. For the 250 homes in the neighborhood, 127 rainwater gardens were constructed, in addition to 3 large public gardens.

Using nature to protect nature is a way to guarantee clean water in Minnesota now and in the future. -http://www.maplewoodmn.govoffice.com

photo credit: http://www.ci.maplewood.mn.us

[FOR MORE INFO]_

In the Field - http://www.ci.maplewood.mn.us

[TITLE OF PROJECT]_ GLADSTONE SOUTH, MAPLEWOOD, MN

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photo credit: http://www.ci.maplewood.mn.us

source: http://www.ci.maplewood.mn.us

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EDGES

| EDGES

photo credit: http://forums2.gardenweb.com

Seattle, WA photo credit: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com

AESTHETIC STRIPS AND EDGES

photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/

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Seattle, WA photo credit: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com

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| STREETS

�

COEXISTING HAPPILY TOGETHER pedestrians, bikers and automobiles

[PEDESTRIAN SAFETY, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)]

Problems

Many of the problems pedestrians face when crossing the street may be addressed using ITS technologies.of crashes, and noise level. Research on traffic-calming

Devices (solutions)

An array of ITS devices have been developed to improve both mobility and safety for pedestrians.

Places (installations)

Several communities throughout the US and Canada have installed ITS devices to meet the needs of pedestrians.

[FOR MORE INFO]

http://www.walkinginfo.org/

http://www.hsrc.unc.edu/index.cfmhttp://www.hsrc.unc.edu/index.cfm

KIRKLAND IN-PAVEMENT LIGHTING in the fall of 1997 at two locations- Central Way and 4th Street and NE 124th Street at the North Kirkland Community Centermany more pedestrian crossing locations have now been treated with the in-pavement lighting system[FOR MORE INFO]

theTraffic Engineering Manager for the City, Mr. David Godfrey at [email protected]

http://www.ci.kirkland.wa.us/

MICROWAVE DETECTOR

ILLUMINATED PUSHBUTTON

Other Intelligent Transportation SystemACCESSIBLE SIGNAL

Sweeden

COUNTDOWN SIGNAL

INFLARED DETECTOR

ANIMATED EYES DISPLAY

Clearwater, FLPortland, OR

Windsor, OTPortland, ORLos Angeles, CA

Windsor, OT

IN-PAVEMENT LIGHTING

Juanita-Woodinville Road, the flashing light is easily noticieable to the drivers

Easy to find button

iIn-pavement flash light

Original in-pavement lighting in NE 124th Street, Kirkland, WA

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[TRAFFIC CALMING TREATMENTS]

Traffic calming is a way to design streets, using physical measures, to encourage people to drive more slowly. It creates physical and visual cues that induce drivers to travel at slower speeds. The reason traffic calming is such a powerful and com-pelling tool is that it has proven to be so effective. Some of the effects of traffic calming, such as fewer and less

severe crashes, are clearly measurable. Experience throughout Europe, Australia, and North America has shown that traffic calming, if done cor-rectly, reduces traffic speeds, the number and severity of crashes, and noise level. Research on traffic-calming projects in the United States supports their effectiveness at decreasing automobile speeds, reducing the num-

bers of crashes, and reducing noise levels for specific contexts. Looking at a sample of various speed studies shows that typical speed reductions of 5 to 20 percent at the 85th percentile speed can be realized by the use of traffic-calming measures—including speed tables, mini-circles, speed humps, and other standard traffic-calming devices. Use of several of the traffic-calming measures

have also resulted in substantial reductions in motor vehicle crashes. For example, the implementation of traf-fic mini-circles in Seattle has resulted in a reduction of approximately 80 percent of intersection accidents

[FOR MORE INFO] http://www.walkinginfo.org/

SEA STREET PROJECT (Street Edge Alternatives Project)

2nd Avenue NW, between NW 117th and 120th Streets.

2001The serpentine, meandering shape of the roadway create visual interest and cause traffic to move at a safe pace. Accordingly, this is an ideal location for pedestrians and bicyclists.

[FOR MORE INFO]

http://cityofseattle.net/util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/Natural_Drainage_

Systems/Street_Edge_Alternatives/index.asp

SERPENTINE

CURB EXTENSIONS CHOKERS CROSSING ISLANDS MINI-CIRCLES SPEED TABLE RAISED PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

Other Traffic Calming Treatments

Bainbridge Island, WA

SPECIFIC PAVING TREATMENT

Sunnyside Piazza, OR

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[BIKE LANES and BIKE TRAILS]

Eastbank Esplanade Portland, OregonConstruction started in 1999 completed in 2001[FOR MORE INFO]

www.pdc.us/ura/central_eastside/eastbank.asp

ESPLADELOCATION

Madison, WISanta Cruz, CA

GENTLY SLOPED RAMP CONNECTING THE DOWNTOWN AND ESPLANADE

The width can accomodate the pedestrians and bicyclists comfortably

A bike trail on the edge of water can avoid dangerous intersections with automoviles

Esplanade

ESPlaNaDE

Photo taken by myself

(Photos courtesy of pdc)

(Photos courtesy of www.pedbikeinfo.org)

The Esplanade is 1.5 miles long, extending north from the Hawthorne Bridge, past the Morrison and Burnside Bridges, to the Steel Bridge with connections to eastside neighborhoods as well as across the river to Gov. Tom McCall Waterfront Park.

This is a demonstration project as well for improved habitat areas for fish and wildlife and riverbank restoration.

The photos on the left are some of the successful bike lanes along the automobile lanes. The width and location of the bike lanes are carefully designed in order to improve bicyclists’ safety.

[FOR MORE INFO]

Creating Livable Streets by Portland Metro

http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/

http://bicyclinginfo.org by Department of Transportaion of Chicago

A missing short stretch of Burke-Gilman Trail in Seattle. There is a plan to connect this segment.

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[INTEGRATION]

VANCOUVER, B.C. CANADA

VancouverMetro

Integrated trail in downtown waterfront

Rollerbladers at integrated trail in Stan-ley Park

Bicyclists in downtown Vancouver

[FOR MORE INFO]


http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/

http://vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport/plan/pdf/ppt681.pdf

1999bikeplan.pdf by City of Vancouver Engineering Service

Vancouver was repeatedly chosen as a top quality-of-life by a qualified international human re-sources consultancy. The best performing cities should have reliable, integrated transport systems.

After extensive study in 1999, bike path was improved and extended to accomodate increasing population as well as improve environmental quality.

Vancouver has unusually wide array of transportation options. the best way to get around Van-couver and the North Shore is often by walking. Vancouver has some of the best trails, paths and walkways you’ll find anywhere.

In major busstops, there is a metro representative to assist metro bus users and tourists.

AquabusStreetcar plan Pedestrians and cafe

photos courtesy of John Bek photos courtesy of John Bek

photos courtesy of City of Vancouver Department of Transportation

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[GREEN STREET DESIGNS]

There are well studied and proven formula for the boule-vards and streets. They are more or less standardized. However, the hydrogy has been neglected for many years and there is no standardized formula for how storm water should be treated.

Water is dying worldwide. It is overdue to include stormwater design in the streets.

[FOR MORE INFO]

http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=ebbcf


TYPICAL REGIONAL BOULEVARD DESIGN

TYPICAL COMMUNITY BOULEVARD DESIGN

TYPICAL REGIONAL STREET DESIGN

Streetcar plan

South waterfront condo complex sidewalk, Portland, ORCurrently partially complete (October, 2006)

New Seasons Market sidewalk, Portland, OR2005

High Point development, Seattle, WA2000 ~ present

photos by myself, illustrations by Portland Metro

Information board of the green street designed by Kevin Perry, Oregon State University, Portland, OR

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PEDESTRIAN

� | PEDESTRIAN

[LOCATION]_ PORTLAND, OR

photo credit: www.beltcollins.com

photo credits: City of Vancouver Engineering Services

[TITLE OF MATERIAL]_ GROUND TREATMENTS

Crown Street, Vancouver

Napier Neighborhood

Mosaic Walk

photo credit: www.bergerpartnership.com

[LOCATION]_ VANCOUVER, BC

photo credits: Amanda Bell

Tanner Springs Park

Jamison Square Park

photo credit: www.pedbikeimages.org photo credit: www.bergerpartnership.com photo credit: www.classicnursery.com photo credit: Amanda Bell

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� | PEDESTRIAN

photo credits: www.lumileds.com

[TITLE OF AMENITY]_ LIGHTING

photo credit: www.seagulllighting.com

[MATERIALS]_ LED


Roundabout

Paver Lights

photo credit: www.sharperimage.com

photo credit: www.pps.org

photo credit: www.schulershook.com

[TYPE]_ BOLLARD

Lighted Bike Stand

photo credits: www.pedbikeimages.org

[LOCATION]_ PORTLAND, OR


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� | PEDESTRIAN

[TYPE]_ SEPARATED DESIGN

photo credit: www.allworthnussbaum.com

[TITLE OF AMENITY]_ SEATING

[TYPE]_ INTEGRATED DESIGN

photo credit: Amanda Bell

[TYPE]_ TRADITIONAL

photo credits: www.landscapeforms.com

photo credit: www.pedbikeimages.org





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� | PEDESTRIAN

[TYPE]_ BIKE RACKS

[TITLE OF AMENITY]_ FURNISHINGS

[TYPE]_ SHELTERS

[TYPE]_ TRASH CANS

photo credit: www.bergerpartnership.org

photo credit: www.ggnltd.com

photo credit: www.ncascades.org

photo credits: www.bergerpartnership.com

photo credit: www.landscapeforms.com

photo credits: Amanda Bell photo credit: www.landscapeforms.com



Planting for S

pecial S

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Eric J H

Berg

PLANTING

� | PLANTING

ARBUTUS

Arbutus menziesii

NativetothePacificNorthwest,andmorespecificallythebluffsofMagnoliaitself,thisspecimenwasoriginallymistakenformagnoliatrees,givingMagnoliaitsname.Itisagreatdroughttoleranttree.

KENTUCKY COFFEE TREE

Gymnocladus dioicus

NativetotheEasternUnitedStates,thistreegrowsespeciallywellinmoistwoodlandareas.Itproducesfragrantwhiteflowersintheearlysummerandseedpodscontainingseedsthatwereoncegroundtomakecoffee.Today,thistree’slargeformcanbeseengracingthelikesofparks,golfcourses,andlargeareas,butretainsvalueforit’stenacityindifficultenvironmentalconditions.

DECIDUOUS TREES

NATIVE

Alsoknownasthescarletmapleorswampmaple,thisspeciesisperhapsbestknownforit’sbrilliantfallcolor.Thelessusednameswampmapleimpliesthatthistreetolerateswetsoils,butitistolerantofmanyotherconditionsaswell.

Acer rubrum

REDMAPLE

FromthesouthernUSA,thismagnoliaexhibitstimelessbeautyinitsmagnificentfoliageandpristineblooms.Itgrowswellinmoistconditionsandcompetesforsurfacewatermakingadifficultmatchwithmanyground-covers.However,withahistoryandshearbeautytobackit,thistreeisamatchforthemagnoliadistrict.

Magnolia grandiflora

SOUTHERNMAGNOLIA

Planting for S

pecial S

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Eric J H

Berg

PLANTING

� | PLANTING

CONIFEROUS TREES + SHRUBS

ANGLOJAPYEW

Taxus x media

AhybridbetweentheJapaneseandEnglishyews,thisevergreenshrubdisplaysawidevarietyofformsinthelandscape,rangingfromsmall,spreadingshrubs,togroomedhedges.Itisadroughttolerantvarietyabletosurviveinmanydifferentenvironments.

KnownonlyasafossilbeforeWorldWarII,thedawnredwoodhasbeenresurrectedintomagnificentformbywayofastandfoundinChina.Itisoneofthetrulydeciduousconifersandlovesmoistconditions.

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

DAWNREDWOOD

PONDEROSAPINE

Pinus ponderosa

Bestsuitedforthoseextremelydryplaces,thisstatelypinedominateslandscapeseastofthecascades.Thelongneedledformgivesitagracefulappearanceinalmostanysetting.

Anothernative,droughttoleranttreethatisusefulinlargeformalspaces.Calocedrusmeans‘beautifulcedar’andthisspecimenlivesuptoitsnamewithitsshapely,conicalhabitandextremelyattractivefoliage.Cultivarsrangeitsformforpyramidaltocolumnarandeverywhereinbetween.

Calocedrus decurrens

INCENSECEDAR

NATIVE

NATIVE

Planting for S

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Eric J H

Berg

PLANTING

� | PLANTING

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

NATIVE NATIVE

RED-TWIGDOGWOOD

Cornus stolonifera

Redandyellowtwigsadorncultivarsofthisspeciesmakingahighlyattractivedeciduousplantinwinter.Itisalsoanativecommonlyfoundinwetterareas.

OREGONGRAPE

Mahonia aquifolium

Muchlikemanyothernativeplants,theOregongrapeisadroughttolerantspecies.It’sholly-likeleafletsgiveitaornatepresenceinmanysituations,labelingthelandscapeasuniquely‘PacificNorthwest’.Withcolorsrangingfromyellowflowers,toblueish-purpleberries,andfinallytopurplefallcolors,theOregongrapeoffersmulti-seasonalbenefitswhilemeetingtheenvironmentalchallengesoftheSeattleclimate.

AnothermagnoliaforMagnolianeighborhood.Smallerthanit’scousin,it’sflowersbloombeforetheleavesemergestatelylargeshrubintheearlyspring.

Magnolia stellata

STARMAGNOLIA

Uniquecolorsaccentuatethisnon-nativespecies.Gray-blueleavesandnearpurplestemshighlightthiswillow’simpressiveattributes.Also,asawillow,thisspeciesflourishesinhighmoisturesituations.

Salix purpurea

ARCTICWILLOW

Planting for S

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Eric J H

Berg

PLANTING

� | PLANTING

VINES + GROUND COVERS

CHAMELEONPLANT

Houttuynia cordata

Amedium-sizedgroundcoverfoundinaquaticenvironmentsofEasternAsia,thisplantisnotyetconsideredanoxiousweedinWashington,despiteit’sclassificationinotherstates.Thethingtorememberwhenplantingthisplantiskeepitindrierplaceswithsmallerpocketsforgrowth(i.e.sidewalks,patios).

Moreofashrubthanatruegroundcover,salal’sareanativeplanttothePacificNorthwest.Extremelydroughttolerant,theseplantshavebeenshowcasedintheSEAstreetprojectsontheupperbanksofbio-swalesandbio-infiltrationsites.

Gaultheria shallon

SALAL

ORANGEHONEYSUCKLE

Lonicera ciliosa

GrowingonnorthslopesofriverbanksthroughoutthePacificNorthwest,thisnativevineexhibitstheuniquelyfusedleafandbrightorangeflowers.Itisnotafanofdryareas,preferringitselftocoolerlocations.ItalsoservestoattracthummingbirdsandwasonceusedbyNativeAmericansasmaterialforweaving

Anevergreenvarietyofclematis,thisspeciesclimbsupto25feetwithwhitebloomsearlyinthespring.

Clematis armandii

ARMANDCLEMATIS

NATIVE

NATIVE

Planting for S

pecial S

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Eric J H

Berg

PLANTING

� | PLANTING

EXAMPLE GARDENS

PLANTINGFORSPECIALSITUATIONS AlloftheseexamplesarefromPacificNorthwestgardens,soplantsusedineachareextremelysuitableforourclimate.ThoseprintedinBOLDtextarepicturedinmoredetail.

Themainthingtorememberwhenchoosingplantsforaspecificgardenislookforplantsthatthriveelsewhereundersimilarcircumstances.Forexample,asimplehikingtripcanyieldanimmensewealthofknowledgeregardingplantssuitablefordrierplaces,aswellasnaturalwetlands.Allittakesisalittleplantknowledge,aguidetonativeplantsorsomethinglikeit,andyoucanfindyourselfnotonlywithabeautifulgarden,butonethatrequireslessresourcestomaintain.Nativeplantsarenotalwaysthebestroutetofollowandmaynotaddthatflairthatyouarelookingfor,buttheydoprovideagoodframeworkformoreexoticplantsaswellsasanexamplefortheenvironmentalconditionsonwhichplantsshouldbechosentomatch.

SHADEGARDEN

Arisaema taiwanensis BSWJ1879Fuchsia ‘BigMama’Galega officinalis ‘Lady Wilson’Geranium wallichianum ‘BuxtonsVariety’Helleborus corsicusHeuchera micrantha ‘Palace Purple’Hosta ‘Fransis Williams’Hydrangea Serrata ‘Bluebird’Ligularia ‘Desdemona’Ligularia ‘TheRocket’Ligularia tussilaginia ‘Aureo-maculata’MeconopsisSarcococca ruscifola

Abella x “EdwardGoucher’Buddleia nivea Cenothus vetichianusCitus albidusCitus laurifoliusCitus x corariensisCoronilla vairaCotoneaster parneyi Cotoneaster salicifoliaElymus arenariuserFraxinus ornus Magnolia x loebneri ‘Leonard Messel’Phalaris arundinacea ‘Picta’Pyrus calleryana ‘AutumnBlaze’Ribes sanguineum Rosa rugosaSorbus hupehensis Stachys lanata

XERICGARDEN

Carex elata ‘Knightseyes’Gunnera chilensisHakonechloa macra ‘Aureola’Iris pseucocoris ‘Variegata’Primula bulleyanaPrimula florindaePrimula involucrataPrimula japonicaPrimula pulverulentaSarracenia spp.

BOGGARDEN

Planting for S

pecial S

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Eric J H

Berg

PLANTING

� | PLANTING

PARKING STRIP EXAMPLES

Photos by Eric Berg

wildstrawberry

liriope

commonrushgrass

bearberry

droopingsedge

Bradfordpear

swordfern

heavenlybambooPLA

NTPA

LETT

EFORSTO

RM-W

ATERSTR

EETS

Takenfromexamplesofstorm-waterstreetsinbothPortlandandSeattle,theplantsandexamplesprovidedhereshowsomepossibilitiesforplantingsonfuturestreetsinMagnoliaaswellassomestructuralelementsthatmightbepossible.

Rainw

ater Harvesting

+ Storage

Justin Martin

RAINWATER

� | RAINWATER

[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER] BUSTER SIMPSON

[LOCATION] BELLTOWN, SEATTLE, WA

[YEAR] 2003

[DIMENSIONS] 6’ diameter x 10’ height (tank)

[MATERIALS] painted aluminum, stainless steel

[DESCRIPTION]

Growing Vine Street includes Beckoning Cistern, Vertical Garden, and Cistern Steps - elements that add not only visual character but improved hydrologic function to Vine Street between First and Elliot Avenues in Seattle. Beckoning Cistern collects rainwater from the roof of 81 Vine Street, a residential building. The collected water can be used for local landscaping needs, accessed via a spigot near the bottom. When the cistern fills, water spills over the thumb and runs down a series of rock-filled pools, which help to clean as well as detain the water from entering the city’s storm sewer system.

THE INDEX FINGER OF AN OUTSTRETCHED HAND COLLECTS RUNOFF FROM A ROOF DOWNSPOUT IN ‘BECKONING CISTERN’ BY BUSTER SIMPSON

photo: J. Martin

‘Vertical Garden’ transforms a traditional downspout into a sculptural planter, helping to slow and decrease the amount of storm runoff.

photo: J. Martin

[FOR MORE INFO]

In the Field - http://www.inthefield.info/growing_vine_street.pdf

Buster Simpson - http://www.bustersimpson.net/

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GROWING VINE STREET [BECKONING CISTERN]

photo: J. Martin

Rainw

ater Harvesting

+ Storage

Justin Martin

RAINWATER

� | RAINWATER

[LOCATION] CARKEEK PARK, SEATTLE, WA

[YEAR] 2003

[DIMENSIONS] 3,500-gallon cistern; two 60-gallon rain barrels

[MATERIALS] plastic storage containers, plumbing hardware (piping, pumps, hose)

[DESCRIPTION]

The Environmental Learning Center (ELC) building features two systems for rainwater catchment and storage, which helped to earn the building Seattle’s first Gold level LEED Green Building certification from the US Green Building Council. Rain water that is captured off of the roof is used for flushing toilets as well as irrigating the landscape. The 3.500-gallon cistern, which can be filled from the City’s water supply when rain water runs out, has enough capacity to store water well into drier periods of the year. The rain barrel system, which drains a smaller portion of the roof, illustrates a simpler and less costly option for rainwater harvesting. Together, these systems help to achieve an approximately 60% decrease in municipal water use on the site, as well as maintaining a more natural flow rate of runoff.

photo: J. Martin

Rainwater barrels provide an alternate catchment system at the back of the ELC building.

photo: J. Martin

[FOR MORE INFO]

Seattle Parks Dept. - http://www.seattle.gov/parks/parkspaces/carkeekpark/elc.htm

Seattle P-I article: http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/125406_carkeek06.html

CARKEEK PARK [ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTER]

Carkeek ELC Floor Plan source: City of Seattle

THE LARGE CISTERN AT THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF THE ELC BUILDING FEATURES A “ROOF SCRUBBER” TO CLEAN DEBRIS THAT MAY WASH DOWN FROM THE ROOF. IT ALSO INCLUDES AN INLET FOR FRESH CITY WATER (WHICH IS NOT PHYSICALLY CONNECTED, TO AVOID CONTAMINATION OF THE TREATED WATER SUPPLY) AND AN OVERFLOW OUTLET

source: City of Seattle

photo: City of Seattle

Rainw

ater Harvesting

+ Storage

Justin Martin

RAINWATER

� | RAINWATER

[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER] UW LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN/BUILD & ECO-CASCADE

[LOCATION] THOMAS ST. & PONTIUS AVE. N SEATTLE, WA

[YEAR] 2000 (+ ongoing)

[DESCRIPTION]

The landscape around the Cascade People’s Center, just northeast of downtown Seattle, includes a number of elements to demonstrate sustainable urban water use practices. The garden on the south side of the building was originally constructed by the UW Landscape Architecture Department’s Design/Build Program. Rainwater captured from the roof is directed across a small pergola, and then flows into a storage pond (with synthetic liner) below the octagonal deck. This water can then be pumped out to use for irrigation.

On the north side of the building is a second, newer cistern that can also capture rainfall from the building’s roof.

photos: J. Martin

Artwork encouraging rainwater storage and use, from the north wall of the People’s Center building. photo: J. Martin

[FOR MORE INFO]

Cascade People’s Center - http://www.cascadepeoplescenter.org/index.htmEco-Cascade - http://www.ecocascade.org/UW Landscape Design/Build - http://www.caup.washington.edu/larch/Programs/design_build/cascade/cascade.php

CASCADE PEOPLE’S CENTER [CASCADE ADOPT-A-PARK]

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• RAINWATER IS COLLECTED ON THE ROOF, PASSES THROUGH AN INITIAL SCREEN (ABOVE RIGHT)

• FIRST FLUSH OF WATER COLLECTS IN A SEPARATE TUBE (ABOVE LEFT)

• WATER IS DIRECTED TO LARGE METAL CISTERN (RIGHT, ABOVE CENTER) OR HOLDING POND BELOW DECK (BELOW RIGHT)

• WATER CAN BE PUMPED FROM POND INTO SMALL TANK FOR GRAVITY-FEED IRRIGATION (BELOW CENTER)

Rainw

ater Harvesting

+ Storage

Justin Martin

RAINWATER

� | RAINWATER

DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER] MITHUN, INTERFACE ENGINEERING, ATLAS LANDSCAPE ARCH.

[LOCATION] PORTLAND, OR

[YEAR] 2003

[DESCRIPTION]

Epler Hall on the Portland State University Campus features a system to capture and re-use the runoff from approximately 12,000 ft2 of roof surface. Water is channeled from downspouts into stone-filled tubs, from where it flows out and crosses the walkway via a runnel paved loosely with stone. It then enters a series of vegetated beds, where it infiltrates through soil and gravel, and is piped to a large underground storage tank below the plaza. Stored water is used to flush toilets on the first floor of Epler, as well as to irrigate the surrounding landscape.

It is estimated that this system saves over 100,000 gallons of municipal water a year.

photo: J. Martin

A water infiltration cell fed by runoff from the building to the east of Epler

photo: J. Martin

[FOR MORE INFO]Portland State Sustainability: Water - http://www.pdx.edu/sustainability/cs_co_water.html

City of Portland, Office of Sustainable Dev.: Rainwater Harvesting -http://www.portlandonline.com/osd/index.cfm?a=bbehfa&c=ecbbd

PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY [STEPHEN EPLER HALL - RAIN GARDEN]

photo: City of Portland

phot

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Rainw

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Justin Martin

RAINWATER

� | RAINWATER

DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER] SEATTLE PUBLIC UTILITIES (SPU)

[LOCATION] SEATTLE, WA

[YEAR] 2004 - ONGOING

[DESCRIPTION]

SPU has initiated a pilot project to work on reducing the amount of storm runoff that goes directly from impervious surfaces into the combined sewer system. To do this, they have installed cisterns to collect roof runoff at the homes of a number of volunteer participants. The rainwater that is captured is prefiltered, then passes through a much finer filter as it exits the tank. During the rainy months, the tank outflows to the sewer system, but the flow is regulated by a 1/8” diameter orifice. In this way, the water from people’s property is detained before entering the sewer and storm drain systems, thus mimicking a more natural flow pattern for the watershed. Tanks generally range from 400-600 gallons, depending on the roof area that they collect. The rain storage unit (including the tank and associated plumbing, filters, etc) is estimated to cost around $1500 to install. SPU is paying for the systems that are part of its limited pilot project.

diagram: SPU

A rain garden in a residential yard near Ballard. photo: J. Martin

[FOR MORE INFO]SPU - Residential Stormwater Control - http://www.seattle.gov/util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/Projects/Residential_Stormwater_Control/index.asp

SPU - Rain Barrels Program -http://www.seattle.gov/util/Services/Yard/Natural_Lawn_&_Garden_Care/Rain_Barrels/index.asp

SEATTLE RAIN CATCHERS [SEATTLE PUBLIC UTILITIES PILOT PROJECT]

photo: J. Martin

phot

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photo: SPU

Sto

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David M

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eorge Loew

STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

Stormwater that does not soak into the ground becomes surface runoff, which either flows into surface waterways or is channeled into storm sewers.

Stormwater is of concern for two main issues - one related to the volume and timing of runoff water (flood control and water supplies) and the other related to potential contaminants that the water is carrying (water pollution).

Because impervious surfaces (parking lots, roads, buildings) do not allow rain to infiltrate into the ground, more runoff is generated than in the undeveloped condition. This additional runoff can erode watercourses (streams and rivers) as well as cause flooding when the stormwater collection system is overwhelmed by the additional flow. Because the water is flushed out of the watershed during the storm event, little infiltrates the soil, replenishes groundwater, or supplies stream base flow in dry weather.

Natural drainage has become a standard tool for managing stormwater in Seattle, reducing flooding and improving environmental stewardship. Natural drainage systems strive to meet many goals: slow the flow of stormwater, allow the water to soak into the ground, filter and reduce pollution using the natural processes of soil and plants, reduce impervious (hard) surfaces, increase greenery, and make neighborhoods better places to walk and play.

WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT STORMWATER DETENTION & CLEANSING?

• Wetpond

• Constructed/Pocket Wetland

• Vegetated Swale

• Infiltration Trench

• Sand Filters

• Biofiltration Areas

MIT

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www.cityofnapa.org

Sto

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David M

innery & G

eorge Loew

STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN CRITERIA:• Typically 2 to 6 feet deep

• Maximum contributing drainage area of 10 acres for

surface sand filter; 2 acres for perimeter sand filter

• Sand filter media with underdrain system

ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS:• Applicable to small drainage areas

• Good for highly impervious areas

• Good retrofit capability

DISADVANTAGES / LIMITATIONS:• High maintenance burden

• Not recommended for areas with high sediment content in

stormwater or clay/silt runoff areas

• Relatively costly

• Possible odor problems

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS:• Inspect for clogging – rake first inch of sand

• Remove sediment from forebay/chamber

• Replace sand filter media as needed

STRATEGY: WET POND DESCRIPTION: Constructed stormwater retention basin that has a permanent pool (or micropool). Runoff from each rain event is

detained and treated in the pool primarily through settling and biological uptake mechanisms.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL

Total Suspended Solids

Nutrients - Total Phosphorus / Total Nitrogen removal

Metals - Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc removal

Pathogens - Coliform, Streptococci, E.Coli removal

50/30%

80%

50%

70%

www.georgiastormwater.comwww.wetland.org

www.manchester.gov.uk

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David M

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STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN CRITERIA:• Minimum contributing drainage area of 25 acres; 5 acres

for pocket wetland

• Minimum dry weather flow path of 2:1 (length:width) should

be provided from inflow to outflow

• Minimum of 35% of total surface area should have a depth

of 6 inches or less; 10 to 20% of surface area should be

deep pool (1.5- to 6-foot depth)

ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS:• Good nutrient removal

• Provides natural wildlife habitat

• Relatively low maintenance costs

DISADVANTAGES / LIMITATIONS:• Requires large land area

• Needs continuous baseflow for viable wetland

• Sediment regulation is critical to sustain wetlands

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS:• Replace wetland vegetation to maintain at least 50%

surface area coverage

• Remove invasive vegetation

• Monitor sediment accumulation and remove periodically

STRATEGY: CONSTRUCTED or POCKET WETLAND DESCRIPTION: Constructed wetlands are constructed basins that have a permanent pool of water throughout the year (or at

least throughout the wet season) and differ from wet ponds primarily in being shallower and having greater vegetation coverage.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL





40/30%

80%

50%

70%

www.eng.cmu.ac.thwww.ufz.de

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David M

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STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN CRITERIA:• Longitudinal slopes must be less than 4%

• Bottom width of 2 to 8 feet

• Side slopes 2:1 or flatter; 4:1 recommended

• Should be able to adequately convey a 25-year storm

event

ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS:• Combines stormwater treatment with runoff conveyance

system

• Less expensive than curb and gutter

• Reduces runoff velocity

DISADVANTAGES / LIMITATIONS:• Higher maintenance than curb and gutter systems

• Cannot be used on steep slopes

• Possible resuspension of sediment

• Potential for odor / mosquitoes (wet swale)

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS:• Maintain grass heights of approximately 4 to 6 inches (dry

swale)

• Remove sediment from forebay and channel

STRATEGY: VEGETATED SWALE or BIOSWALE DESCRIPTION: Bioswales are open, shallow channels that collect and slowly convey runoff to downstream discharge points.

They are designed and constructed to capture and treat stormwater runoff within dry or wet cells formed by check dams or other means.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL





50/50%

80%

40%

no data

www.georgiastormwater.comwww.portlandonline.com

www.thehighpoint.comGeorge Loew

Sto

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David M

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STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

STRATEGY: VEGETATED SWALE or BIOSWALE DESCRIPTION: Bioswales are open, shallow channels that collect and slowly convey runoff to downstream discharge points.

They are designed and constructed to capture and treat stormwater runoff within dry or wet cells formed by check dams or other means.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL





50/50%

80%

40%

no data


Davifd Minnery

Sto

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David M

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STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN CRITERIA:• Soil infiltration rate of 0.5 in/hr or greater required

• Excavated trench (3 to 8 foot depth) filled with stone media

(1.5- to 2.5-inch diameter); pea gravel and sand filter layers

• A sediment forebay and grass channel, or equivalent

upstream pretreatment, must be provided

• Observation well to monitor percolation

ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS:• Provides for groundwater recharge

• Good for small sites with porous soils

DISADVANTAGES / LIMITATIONS:• Potential for groundwater contamination

• High clogging potential; should not be used on sites with

fine-particled soils (clays or silts) in drainage area

• Significant setback requirements

• Restrictions in karst areas

• Geotechnical testing required, two borings per facility

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS:• Inspect for clogging

• Remove sediment from forebay

• Replace pea gravel layer as needed

STRATEGY: INFILTRATION TRENCH DESCRIPTION: Excavated trench filled with stone aggregate used to capture and allow infiltration of stormwater runoff into the

surrounding soils from the bottom and sides of the trench.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL





60/60%

80%

90%

90%

www.stormwatercenter.netDavifd Minnery

Sto

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David M

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eorge Loew

STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN CRITERIA:• Typically 2 to 6 feet deep

• Maximum contributing drainage area of 10 acres for

surface sand filter; 2 acres for perimeter sand filter

• Sand filter media with underdrain system


• Good for highly impervious areas


DISADVANTAGES / LIMITATIONS:• High maintenance burden

• Not recommended for areas with high sediment content in

stormwater or clay/silt runoff areas

• Relatively costly

• Possible odor problems

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS:• Inspect for clogging – rake first inch of sand

• Remove sediment from forebay/chamber

STRATEGY: SAND FILTERS DESCRIPTION: Multi-chamber structure designed to treat stormwater runoff through filtration, using a sediment forebay, a sand

bed as its primary filter media and, typically, an underdrain collection system.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL





50/25%

80%

50%

40%

www.georgiastormwater.comwww.limnoterra.com

Sto

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STORMWATER

C | STORMWATER

photo credit:

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

DESIGN CRITERIA:• Maximum contributing drainage area of 5 acres

• Often located in landscaping islands or nature strips

• Treatment area consists of grass filter, sand bed, ponding

area, organic/mulch layer, planting soil, and vegetation

• Typically requires 5 feet of head


• Good for highly impervious areas, particularly parking lots


• Relatively low maintenance requirements

• Can be planned as an aesthetic feature

DISADVANTAGES / LIMITATIONS:• Requires extensive landscaping

• Not recommended for areas with steep slopes

MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS:• Inspect and repair/replace treatment area components

STRATEGY: BIORETENTION AREA DESCRIPTION: Shallow stormwater basin or landscaped area that utilizes engineered soils and vegetation to capture and treat runoff.

POLLUTANT REMOVAL





60/50%

80%

unknown

no data


www.thehighpoint.comDavifd Minnery

Urban + R

esidential R

aingardensA

shley ThornerRAIN

GARDEN

RAINGARDEN

The raingarden at the Oregon Convention Center in Portland provides an aesthetic urban demonstration that integrates stormwater filtration gardens as a visitor attraction. The raingarden mimics nature’s processes of retaining and cleansing water before it is released back to the Willamette River.

OREGON CONVENTION CENTER RAINGARDEN

The Oregon Convention Center features a “raingarden” which collects as much as 1,000 cubic feet of stormwater runoff (that’s just under 7,500 gal-lons) from the 5.5 acre roof area. The raingarden is a 318 ft. long channel that simulates a mountain stream with basalt columns, wetland plants, native vegetation and grasses. The raingarden consists of terraced cob-bled sedimentation basins that act to slow the water, allowing sediments to filter out and increase time for water to infiltrate into the ground. The water course is lined with 12 tons of Iron Mountain flag-stone and 90 tons of river rock, and vegetated with Common rush, dwarf willow, red osier dogwood, sedges, Yellow Flag Iris, Siberian Iris and water Iris. These plants help to reduce the total volume of storm water runoff as well as help to filter out pollutants and to stabilize the soils. The garden is not only an attractive addition to the exterior of the Convention Center, but also re-turns water to the city sewers cleaner than it came in.

landscape architect : MEYER/REEDDOWnTOWn PORTlAnD, OR

2003

for more information:www.portlandonline.com, Portland Bureau of Environmental Serviceshttp://www.mayerreed.com/occl.html, Meyer/Reed Landscape Arch. profilehttp://www.mayerreed.com/occl.html

Downspout photo credit: meyer/reed.com

URBAN RAInGARDEn

http://www.pova.orgRaingardenphoto credit: Portland OR tourism; www.pova.com

Raingardenphoto credit: Portland OR tourism; www.pova.com

photo credit: www.portlandonline.com

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RAINGARDEN

SEA Streets is a Seattle Public Utilities and natural drainage project located in northwest Seattle. it is a prototype project designed to provide drainage and infil-tration that mimics the natural processes.

SEA Street breaks the 150 year convention of standard street design, using nar-row curbs, curved streets, open drainage swales and an abundance of diverse and native plants. Gardens front the street integrating home and neighborhood, uniting the community visually, environmentally and socially.

SEATTLE PUBLIC UTILITIES

2003

for more information:http://www2.cityofseattle.net/util/tours/seastreet/http://www.seattle.gov/util/About_SPU/Drainage_&_Sewer_System/http://www.djc.com/news/co/11149502.html

SEA STREET: street-edge-alternative

SEA STREETS: nATURAl DRAInAGE

NORTHWEST SEATTLE, WA

Bioswales are along both sides of the road with grasses, sedges and rushes that filter the pollutants out of stormwater. Designers followed the concept of “right plant, right place,” selecting non-invasive species that can survive with little main-tenance in our local climate. Trees with smaller root systems fit more easily within the right-of-way; plants that thrive in wet-lands have been placed in the lower, moist areas of the storm-water swales and ponds. To slow down traffic and reduce impervious surfaces the roads were designed curvy and narrow, reducing impervious surfaces by 11%.

SEA Streets, curvy roadphoto credit: City of Seattle; www2.cityofseattle.net

SEA Streets,bioswalephoto credit: City of Seattle; www2.cityofseattle.net

A concept drawing of the $800,000 SEA project shows 14-foot-wide curved street, swales, additional trees, vegetation and diagonal parking areas for cars.Credit: DJC Seattle Journal of Commerce: Environment

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RAINGARDEN

Raingardens are an easy and fun way to create beautiful landscape features that man-age stormwater on site. They are planted depressions that are designed to take the excess rainwater run-off from a house and its surrounding landscape. The plants used are a selection of wetland edge vegetation, such as sedges, rushes, ferns, shrubs and trees that absorb the excess water, and through the process of transpiration return water vapor into the atmosphere.

Raingardens are beneficial for many reasons: they lessen the effects of drought, remove pollutants from run-off, make paved areas more attractive, and provide interesting plant-ing opportunities. They encourage wildlife and biodiversity, tie together buildings and their surrounding environments in attractive and environmentally advantageous ways, as well as making a significant contribution to environmental problems that affect us all.

Raingardens provide a way to use and optimize any rain that does fall, by reducing or avoiding the need for irrigation. They allow a residence to deal with excessive rainwater runoff without burdening the public storm water networks.

for more information:http://www.raingardens.org/Index.php; raingardens of West Michiganhttp://www.bbg.org/gar2/topics/design/2004sp_raingardens; Brooklyn Botanical Gardenshttp://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/wm/nps/rg/littleone/small.htm

RESIDENTIAL RAINGARDENS

Raingarden- residential bog gardenphoto/design credit: Mike Broili

A rain garden in Philadelphia, de-signed by Edgar David. Rainwater that flows from the house roof to the stone cistern is used to irrigate an intimate collection of woodland plants

Tasmaninan Raingardenphoto credit: http://www.rtbg.tas.gov.au/

Local Pacific Northwest Raingarden

DIG IT! RESIDENTIAL RAINGARDENS

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for more information:http://www.raingardens.org/Index.php; raingardens of West Michiganhttp://www.bbg.org/gar2/topics/design/2004sp_raingardens; Brooklyn Botanical Gardenshttp://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/wm/nps/rg/littleone/small.htm

RESIDENTIAL RAINGARDENS

DIG IN!

PLANTING YOUR RAINGARDEN

WiLdfLOWERS, fERNS, GRASSES, ANd SEdGES:Aquilegia formosa, Columbine Aralia californica, Elk clover Aruncus dioicus, Goatsbeard Caltha leptosepala, Marsh marigold Camassia quamash, Camas Cimicifuga laciniata, Bugbane Darmera peltata, Umbrella plant Heracleum lanatum, Cow parsnip Mimulus guttatus, Monkeyflower Adiantum pedatum, Maidenhair fern Athyrium filix-femina, Lady fern Woodwardia fimbriata, Chain fern Carex obnupta, Sedge Carex testacea, Orange new Zealand SedgeJuncus patens, Grooved rushLiriope muscari. Big blue lily turf

Trees and Shrubs:Acer circinatum, Vine maple Clethra alnifolia, Sweet pepperbush Cornus alternifolia, Pagoda dogwood Cornus sericea, Creek dogwood Gaultheria shallon, Salal Ilex verticillata, Winterberry Physocarpus capitatus, Pacific ninebark Ribes sanguineum, Red-flowering currant Rubus spectabilis, Salmonberry Salix purpurea ‘Nana’, Dwarf blue willow Salix scouleri, Scouler’s willow

If your raingarden is shaded, plant smaller understory trees and shrubs such as river birch and sweet pep-perbush, as well as ferns, sedges, and wildflowers. Re-creating the vertical layers found in a natural forest will provide a number of dif-ferent habitat niches for a variety of birds and other creatures. If you are planting in a sunny area, a wet meadow full of colorful prairie wild-flowers and grasses is an appropri-ate choice.

Raingarden designBrooklyn Botanical Garden web page

http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/waterquality.html; Virginia tech

Raingarden vertical layershttp://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/waterquality.html; Virginia tech

CHOOSiNG PLANTSPlanting a raingarden is the fun part. A variety of native wildflowers, ferns, grasses, shrubs, and trees thrive in moist soil. Your raingarden can be divided into three wetness zones. In the lowest zone, plant species that can tolerate short periods of standing water as well as fluctuating water levels, because a raingarden will dry out during droughts or at times of the year when precipitation is sparse. Species that can toler-ate extremes of wet soils and dry periods are also appropriate for the middle zone, which is slightly drier. You can put plants that prefer drier conditions at the highest zone or outer edge of your raingarden. Plant as many species as you can to enhance your raingarden’s value as wildlife habitat.

RAInGARDEn PlAnT lISTWESTERn MOUnTAInS AnD PACIFIC nORTHWEST

Raingarden vertical layershttp://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/waterquality.html; Virginia tech

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PUBLIC SChOOL RAINGARDENS:

Glencoe Elementary school is part of the Oregon Green Schools program which promotes raising awareness, resource conservation and reduc-ing the impact of schools on the environment in creative and educational ways. The Glencoe elementary school raingarden is multifunctional. It collects runoff from adjacent streets, reduces storm water in the sewer system and helps prevent local basement flooding and combined sewer overflows. It mimics natural conditions by allowing storm water to filter through vegeta-tion and soak into the ground as it moves slowly through the garden, infil-trating into the base flow. The raingarden also serves to beautify the cam-pus with native foliage and is used as an outdoor educational resource.

PORTLAND BUREAU OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES:

PORTlAnD, OR2003

for more information:www.portlandonline.com, Portland Bureau of Environmental Serviceshttp://glencoe.pps.k12.or.us/schools/glencoe/staff/pletz/stormwater_www.oregongreenschools.org

GlEnCOE ElEMEnTARY SCHOOl

https://mttabor.pps.k12.or.us

Raingardenphoto credit: Portland Bureau of Environmental Services

DESIGnER: kEVIn PERRY

Urban Forestry

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TREES

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[DESIGNER / ARTIST/ ENGINEER]_ BUSTER SIMPSON

[LOCATION]_ BELLTOWN, SEATTLE, WA

[YEAR]_ 2003

[DIMENSIONS]_(if applicable)19’l x 12’h x 12’w

[MATERIALS]_(if applicable) painted aluminum, stainless steel


ISSUES:

BENEFITS OF STREET TREES

PLANTING, CARE & MAINTENANCE

RIGHT TREE RIGHT PLACE

SHADE, WIND, STREET DEFINITION

URBAN GUIDELINES


photo credit: http://www.wburg.com/0104/context/editor.html

URBAN FORESTRY

If you want to be happy for a year...plant a garden. If you want to be happy for a lifetime, plant a tree. - Author unknown, The Downtown Street Tree Handbook

photo credit: http://www.djc.com/special/landscape/c10008171.html

URBAN FORESTRY - WHAT IS IT?

The Cooperative Forestry Act of 1978 defines urban forestry as “the planning, establishment, protection, and management of trees and associated plants, individually, in small groups, or under forest conditions within cities, their suburbs, and towns.” Urban forestry is also a way of looking at the trees in your community as part of a larger ecosystem that can both contribute to community health, economic vitality and ecological function.

BENEFITS OF STREET TREES

The need for trees in the city has probably never been greater. In addition to visual appeal, street trees help replenish oxygen, filter particulate pollutants, prevent soil erosion, provide a buffer from sun, wind and rain and provide valuable habitat in our urban areas.

SEEING THE FOREST FOR THE TREES

FOR MORE INFO- “Trees for Green Streets: An Illustrated Guide,” Portland Metro, June 2002.- “Urban Forestry Notebook. University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture, et al. January 1, 1990.- “The Downtown Street Tree Handbook,” The Oregon Downtown Development As-sociation. Salem, OR, 2001- City of Seattle Street Tree Planting Procedures, http://www.seattle.gov/transporta-tion/treeplanting.htm-”Trees in the Urban Landscape: Principles & Practice”. Anthony Bradshaw, et al.E & FN Spon/Chapman & Hall, 1995.

Mature Street TreesPhoto Credit: H. Flint Chatto34th Avenue, Magnoliia Neighborhood, Seattle, WA

CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHOOSING STREET TREES Species Selection - Choosing the right tree for the right place Siting of Trees - Placement & Function Special Considerations Tree Care & Maintenance Design Opportunities

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photo credit: (from top): H. Flint Chatto, except as noted - traffic circle at High Point Community, Seattle, WA; Parking lot screening, Whole Foods Market, Portland, OR; Street trees, http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/homecitrusgrowers/Athens-street-trees.jpg; Parking lot stormwater swale, Pollution Control Facility, Portland, OR.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT TREE

“Trees provide shade and can keep homes and buidlings up to 20 degrees cooler in the summer.” - Trees for Green Streets: An Illustrated Guide,” Portland Metro, June

TREE INVENTORYUse an inventory of existing trees to help determine future plans for tree placement and care. The inventory should include lo-cation, species, approximate age and size, general health and notable problems.

1) Review existing trees using a tree inventory to develop goals and plans for future tree planting.

2) Consider the desired function: - screening - shade - aesthetics & character - traffic calming - habitat improvement - stormwater management

3) Consider the basic care and needs of the prefered species: - sun, water and space needs - maintenance requirements (e.g. weeding, mulching, pruning, etc.)

SPECIES SELECTION: RIGHT TREE RIGHT PLACE

FOR MORE INFO- “Trees for Green Streets: An Illustrated Guide,” Portland Metro, June 2002.- “Urban Forestry Notebook. University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture, et al. Janurary 1, 1990.

Street Trees Provide Street DefinitionPhoto Credit: H. Flint ChattoDowntown Portland, OR

Traffic Calming

Screening

Shade & Enclosure

Stormwater Management

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“I think that I shall never see a poem as lovely as a tree - Joyce Kilmer, American Poet

TREE PLACEMENT & FUNCTION

FOR MORE INFO - “Trees for Green Streets: An Illustrated Guide,” Portland Metro, June 2002.

Canopy Features

Visual & Spatial Perception

SPATIAL CONSIDERATIONS:

Each sidewalk activity takes up at least his much width:

8 ft. Transit shelter or ADA platform 5 ft. Transit stop with a bench 5 ft. Two way pedestrian traffic 5 ft. Wheel chair turnig area 5 ft. Planting strip or tree well 5 ft. Outdoor dining tables 3 ft. Bench 2 ft. Miscellaneous street furniture

Treelined Walkway

Treelined Walkwayphoto credit: H. Flint ChattoPortland, OR

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Planters - Portland Residen-tial Street

Tree Wells - Downtwon Portland

Informal Swales - High Point Residential Com-munity

Formal Swales - Downtown Portland

DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES

Tree Art - Magnolia Village, Seattle, WA

Education & Demonstration - Downtown Portland, ORGreen Streets Project developed by the Portland Bureau of Environ-mental Services.

Courtyard tree planter privedes shady summer seating - Downtown Portland, OR

Decorative tree grate allows for drainage and ADA pedestrian accessphoto credit : H. Flint Chatto, Porland OR

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TREE PROTECTION & CARE

PLANTING & INSTALLATION - Proper Planting & Drainage - Secure support - Approriate soil ammendment - Protective Base/Trunk Treatment

MAINTENANCE & CARE - Irrigation - Mulching - Pruning - Treatment for disease & pests - Monitoring

Municipal Tree Manual. Published by the International Society of Arboriculture

Tree Base Conditions Photo credit: H. Flint Chatto (unless noted otherwise) - Street tree grate, Portland, OR; Magnolia 1/2 grate and planter, Seattle WA; Street tree grate, Portland, OR; Open tree well, Portland, OR; Decorative tree support,-”Trees in the Urban Landscape: Principles & Practice”. Anthony Bradshaw, et al.E & FN Spon/Chapman & Hall, 1995; Base fence, New York, 3. http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/trees_greenstreets/tree_care_tips/tree_tips_main.html

“Keep a green tree in your heart and perhaps the singing bird will come.” - Chinese Proverb

Underpinning to Secure tree Base.Municipal Tree Manual. Published by the International Society of Arboriculture

Street Tree Planting Procedures (excerpt from city guidelines)

The City of Seattle encourages the plant-ing of trees along public streets. A property owner may plant a tree in a street planting strip if he or she first obtains a permit from the City Arborist’s Office. There is no charge for the permit, but the procedure allows the City Arborist to review the type of tree and the planting location. After you receive the permit to plant, you will be responsible for properly planting and maintaining the tree. This includes watering during the drier sea-sons, mulching and pruning.

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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Sidewalk Curves to Protect Mature Treesphoto credit: H. Flint Chatto

Neighborhood Street, Portland, OR

“Trees provide shade and can keep homes and buidlings up to 20 degrees cooler in the summer.”“Trees for Green Streets: An Illustrated Guide,” Portland Metro, June 2002.

Municipal Tree Manual. Published by the International Society of Arboriculture; City of Seattle Street Tree Planting Procedures, http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/treeplanting.htm

?

Underground wires, pipes and other un-knowns

3½ feet back from the face of the curb. 5 feet from underground utility lines 10 feet from power poles (15 feet recommended) 7½ feet from driveways (10 feet recommended) 20 feet from street lights or other existing trees. 30 feet from street intersections.

Trees must be planted to the following standards:

Utility PolesOverhead Wires Heritage or Culturally Significant Trees

Call for Utility Locates before you dig!

Urban habitat features

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Eco-art

What is “Environmental Art”?

Artwork created by artists concerned with the state of our environment world-wide, and with their local situation. En-vironmental artists often work in these ways: - Artists interpret nature, creating art-works to inform us about nature and its processes, or about environmental problems we face - Artists interact with environmental forces, creating artworks affected or powered by wind, water, lightning, even earthquakes - Artists re-envision our relationship to nature, proposing through their work new ways for us to co-exist with our environment - Artists reclaim and remediate damaged environments, restoring nature in artistic and often aes-thetic ways

HABITAT URBAN HABITAT FEATURES

URBAN HABITAT

As urban, built-up areas are increasingly important to the survival of wildlife and you can find a huge variety of animals and plants if you know what signs to look for. Already, high-rise buildings have become inland cliffs for roosting seabirds, wasteland has been transformed into wildflower meadows and railway embankments are home to families of badgers and foxes.

HABITAT INFORMATION

Micro-habitat : Buildings / Dockland /Parks, gardens and allotments / Roads and pavements / Railway embankments Wasteland and rubbish tipsSpecies : Mammals / Birds / Invertebrates / Reptiles / Amphibians / Plants

DESITED PATTERNS

Environmental design -Combined nature and ecology with art & architecture

Local ecology -Collaborative assemblage installation in community settings with indigenous materials (can create positive connections between us and our environment)


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TYPES OF HABITAT CORRIDORS

CORRIDORS

Several different types of landscape fuature have been referred to as “ corridors.” These include strips of native habitate (a), long narrow habitat types (b), series of stepping stone refuges (c), bridges over highways (d), and tunnels under them (e), and megacorridors, which are essentially large, elongated reserves (not shown.)


[For MorE INFo]_

applications, conservation plannign in Practical Ecology, 2005, lincoln Instute of Land Policy, WA

practical ecology photo credit: Conservation Planning P.149

tYPES oF corrIDorS

Photo by Gary Hightshoehttp://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/

browse/landscap/landscap.htm

A B C

D E

Types of Corridor and Description

strips of narive habitat, such as hedgerows and greenways, that link habitat patches.

Elongated habitats that follow long, narrow landscape features such as rivers, ridgelines, or rights-of-way.

A series of stepping stone refuges for migrating birds.

Tunnel under highways (or bridges over them) that allow animals to move across the landscape.

Megacorridors, which are essential-ly large, oblong nature reserves.

Functions and Benefits

These corridors enable animals to move among habitat patches and are the essence of what many biologists mean when they use the term.

Although these “corridors” do not necessarily connect larger habitat pathches, they may protect important habitats.

These may be a useful alternative to a true movement corridor for birds and other migratory animals.

These linkages help prevent roadkills and keep populations genetically con-nected.

Corridors that are wide enought to con-tain the average home range of large carnivores--up to 14 miles (22 km) wide --may help in large-scale conservation effots, such as the Y2Y initiative.

Photo by Gary Hightshoe In the Field -http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/browse/landscap/landscap.htm


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Eco-art

[DESIGNEr / artISt/ ENGINEEr]_ HERBERT BAYER

[LocatIoN]_ Kent, WA

[YEar]_ 1979-82.

[DIMENSIoNS]_ 2.5 acres [BrIEF DEScrIPtIoN]_

Herbert Bayer’s grass mound (1955), a 40 foot diameter mound at the Aspen Art Institute in Colorado, is considered the first example of contemporary environmental art. “It offered a balanced community where livelihood, sports, culture and art could be pursued amidst the beauty of nature.”16

Herbert Bayer,Mill Creek Canyon Earthworks, 1979-82. 2.5 acres. Kent, WA.


photo credit: http://greenmuseum.org/c/ecovention/grass.html

l

photo credit: http://slaggarden.cfa.cmu.edu/weblinks/FrostGIF/Frost01.gif

MILL crEEK caNYoN EartHWorKS

Herbert Bayer, grass mound, 1955 Aspen Art Institute, Colorado (Photo Credit: Center for Land Use Interpretation, 2001)

SIDE BAR photos, phrase, quote, drawing, diagram, etc...(arial, 10pt, justify left)

photo credit: http://www.asla.org/lamag/lam03/march/feature3.html

The Center for Land Use Interpretation included this work in its 2001 sur-vey of the current status of Earthworks.photo credit: http://greenmuseum.org/c/ecovention/grass.html


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[DESIGNEr / artISt/ ENGINEEr]_ BETSY DAMON

[LocatIoN]_ CHENGD, SICHUAN, CHINA

[YEar]_ 1995-1998

[BrIEF DEScrIPtIoN]_

On a 1995 trip to Chengdu, Damon was introduced to the City Governmentís five-year plan to clean up the Fu and Nan Rivers that merge there. Having founded Keepers of the Water, she was already devoted to communicating the significance of water. She suggested the city add a water garden to help clean the river and to educate people about water, conservation, and treatment. They asked her to coordinate this. Working with local specialists and Philadelphia-based landscape designer Margie Ruddick, she completed a conceptual design that included her innovative flow forms. The Living Water Garden has received several international design awards.

What is in the Living Water Garden?

First, water is taken from the river into a settling pond. Around the settling pound is a large place to walk and learn. There is a 6’ (in diameter) living-water-drop in the center of the pond. Carved into stones is information about water and life. Then, in the settling pond the larger materials settle to the bottom, Microbiology will be injected into the pond to bring back the life that can eat pollution


photo credit: http://greenmuseum.org/c/ecovention/flowforms.html

photo credit: http://www.wellnessgoods.com/garden.asp

keepers of waters photo credit: http://www.keepersofthewaters.org/

tHE LIVING WatEr GarDENAfter it has passed through the flow form it goes into ponds. At this point the water can sustain life and these ponds will contain fish and many plants.


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[DESIGNEr / artISt/ ENGINEEr]_ Patricia Johanson

[LocatIoN]_ Dallas, Texas

[YEar]_ 1995


Funded by a generous grant from the Meadows Foundation, The Leonhardt Lagoon Nature Walk features twenty-five numbered markers and four descriptive panels highlighting the birds and insects, plants and trees, fish and other wildlife that make their home at the Leonhardt Lagoon in Fair Park. A printed walking-guide, keyed to the markers, helps visitors learn more about the flora, fauna and wildlife living around the area of each of the markers.

Fair Park Lagoon

Her massive paths reference two native Texas plants; 1) a 225’ by 112’ by 12’ sprawiling causeway in the form of a “Pteris Multifada” fern and 2) a 235’by175’by 12’ entabgled amss of pathways reminiscent of the “Saggitaria Platyphylla”

[For MorE INFo]_

http://www.varoregistry.com/johanson/index.html

Ducks and turtles sun themselves on emergent parts of the sculpture

“My idea was to take things that are enfineered and built, and transform them into fountains and gardens”

This thinking paved the way for an entirely new approach to integrationg nature and the urban infrastructure


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[DESIGNEr / artISt/ ENGINEEr]_ Patricia Johanson

[LocatIoN]_ San Francisco Bay

[YEar]_ 1987


a linear park along San Francisco Bay, the functional structure which is a pump station and holding tank for water and sewage was presented this as a work of art and a productive landscape. Other goals included increasing food and habitat for wildlife, and providing maximum public access to San Francisco Bay. Tidal sculpture, butterfly meadow, habitat restoration, seating, and overlook are all incorporated into the image of the endangered San Francisco Garter Snake, as is a public access baywalk, thirty feet wide and one-third of a mile long that coincides with the roof of the new transport/storage sewer.[For MorE INFo]_

http://www.patriciajohanson.com/

Endangered Garden providing food and habitat for butterflies, shelfich, waterfowl, and small mammals, as well as human access to beaches, marshes, and the longshore barrier spit

Her art creates conditions that permit endangered species to thrive in the middle of urban centers

For over twenty years Patricia Johanson has patiently insisted that art can help to heal the earth. For the last ten years she has been creating large-scale projects that posit a radical, yet utterly practical vision. She works with engineers, city planners, scientists and citizens’ groups to create her art as functioning infrastructure for modern cities.

Johanson’s designs for sewers, parks, and other functional projects not only speak to deep human needs for beauty, culture, and historical memory. She also answers to the needs of birds, insects, fish, animals, and micro-organisms. Her art reclaims degraded ecologies and creates conditions that permit endangered species to thrive in the middle of urban centers.... Using the structures of nature as a way of thinking, she reconciles delicacy with strength, generosity with power, and creativity with consequence.


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Eco-art

[PErForMaNcE artISt]_ Susan Leibovitz Steinman

[LocatIoN]_ West Oakland, CA

[YEar]_ 1998-9 / 2001


Artist Susan Leibovitz Steinman salvages materials directly from community waste streams to construct public art installations that connect common daily experiences to broader social issues. Projects include conceptual sculpture gardens that meld art, ecology and community action.

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[For MorE INFo]_

http://www.steinmanstudio.com/publicart/urban.html

Mandela artscape/

Garden to Go

Installed by neighborhood volunteers and youth participating in “learn and earn” summer eco-gardening program

constructed entirely of used freeway materials and (mostly) native California plants

Garden to Go

Mandela artscape


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[ Environmental Sculptor/trans-species artist]_ Lynne Hull

[LocatIoN]_ Lincoln Memorial Gardens Springfield, Illinois

[YEar]_ 1997

[MatErIaLS]_ tree branches


As she learns about different eco-zones, she explores the needs of local wildlife in order to devise appropriate structures. Most of her works are designed with “biofeedback loops,” which is to say that the support of one species leads to the support of another species, and this leads to greater biodiversity

Although Trans-species art (art created for animals) doesn’t alter the environment, it must also fit in with the surrounding ecology. Some trans-species works withstand the elements to make lasting contributions to the lives of the animals they support. Some last only as long as it takes for restoration to begin and for nature to take over again.

In the Field - http://www.eco-art.org/

turtle island

Her sculpture and installations provide shelter, food water or space for wildlife, as eco-atonement for their loss of habitat to human encroachment

“I believe that the creativity of artists can be applied to real world problems and can have an effect on urgent social and environmental issues”

“I prefer direct collaboration with wildlife specialists, environmental interpreters, landscape architects, and local people for design integration”

Research and consultation are essential to project success.

Once Hull’s works are installed, biologists monitor them to determine their effectiveness

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URBAN WILDLIFE HABITAT | 1

[FOR MORE INFO]

http://www.nwf.org/backyard/

http://wdfw.wa.gov/

Where do you live?Most yards are not adequate living areas for many species. Large lawns and little foliage represent desert like landscapes for animals searching for food, water, shelter, and places to raise their young.

Here are only some reasons for creating wildlife habitat in your own backyard:

- Its an enjoyable experience to be able to watch wildlife in your own yard everyday.

- Its a relaxing to be close to nature and its wildlife.

- Creating wildlife habitat, makes your yard more attractive.

- The habitat created lasts all year long, and is especially important to animals during the winter.

- By helping wildlife you also help the environment as a whole

- You can be recognized by the National Wildlife Federation with a certifi cation process that is fun to do with neighborhood friends and the community.

- Once your yard is certifi ed as wildlife habitat through NWF, you will receive additional resources helpful for maintaining and expanding your habitat.

URBAN WILDLIFE HABITAT

[why?]


Creating urban wildlife habitat in your yard does not mean you will be attracting bears....

Creating urban wildlife habitat does not mean skunks will begin to be a calling your

backyard home...

photo credit: www.home.comcast.net photo credit: www.x7b.xanga.com

photo credit: www.nwf.org

photo credit: www.protectwildlife.org

photo credit: www.jaimeandjoshseattle.tripod.com

...what you call your yard is an inhospitable stretch of green death for many animals....

photo credit: www.nwconx.net

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[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/

Birds need important infrastructure if they are to call your backyard home. Providing clean fresh water for bathing, nesting boxes, and feeders year-round will attract many different species.


[the birds]

Belted Kingfi sher

The American Robin prefers lush lawns only because of the tasty worms

photo credit: www.protectwildlife.org

photo credit: www.bird-bath.com

photo credit: www.x7b.xanga.com

photo credit: www.nestbox.co.uk.com photo credit: www.parasolgarden.com

Yellow headed Blackbird

Yellowrumped Warbler

House Finch

photo credit: www.windpoppy.com photo credit: www.mukwonago.k12.wi.us

photo credit: www.blueskynursery.com

Here are a few reasons to provide habitat for birds:

- They will eat many of the berries and other fruit in your yard.

- There are a variety of species in Western Washington that are quite attractive, displaying bold colors.

- Many birds have a beautiful song to sing

- They will eat a lot of annoying insects

- The variety of birds in your yard can act as an ecological indicator for a healthier environment as a whole.

Planting plants that provide food and shelter is a vital part in creating wildlife habitat for birds.

(Examples shown are Oregon Grape, Miscanthus, and Crab-apple.)

*See last page of plant list for wildlife

Urban W

ildlife Habitat

- Residential S

caleA

aron R. Luom

aWILDLIFE HABITAT


[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/


[Bees and bugs]

Fallen logs and other woody debris create excellent habitat for a variety of insects

- Eat insects (no pesticides) - Healthier plants

- Less maintenance - Pollinators

- Attractive - Decomposers (compost)

photo credit: www.1000plus.com

photo credit: www.nestbox.com

photo credit: www.asergeev.com

photo credit: www.allenbukoff.com


photo credit: www.annesgrovegardens.com photo credit: www.myfourthirds.comphoto credit: www.cirrusimage.com

photo credit: www.mamba.bio.uci.edu

photo credit: www.isledegrane.com

photo credit: www.gov.ns.ca

Minute Pirate Bug -- Leafhopper nymphs, Spider mites, Thrips

Predatory Mite -- European Red Mites, Spider Mites

Praying Mantis -- Also predates benefi cial

Rove Beetle -- Aphids, Cabbage Maggot, Flies, Mites, Springtails

Soldier Beetle -- Aphids, Beetle larvae, Caterpillars, Corn Rootworm, Cucumber Beetle, Grasshopper eggs ; Attracted by Goldenrod, Milkweed, Hydrangea

Spined Soldier Bug -- Caterpillars, Sawfl y larvae

Tachinid Fly -- Caterpillars

Tiger Beetle -- General predator

Yellowjacket -- Flies, caterpillars

BUG HOUSE BUMBLEBEE BOX CENTIPEDE

LACEWING

WOOD PILE

LADYBUG BUMBLEBEE GROUND BEETLE

Assassin Bug -- Caterpillars, Flies

Big-Eyed Bug -- Aphids, Caterpillars, Leafhoppers, Mites; attracted by Clover, Goldenrod, Soybeans.

Braconid Wasp -- Aphids, Armyworm, Cabbageworm, Cornborer, Codling Moth, Elm Bark Beetle, Horn Worm; Attracted by Dill, Parsley, Yarrow.

Damselbug -- Aphids, Caterpillars, Leafhoppers, Thrips; Attracted by Alfalfa.

Ground Beetle -- Caterpillars, Cabbage Maggot, Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae, Cutworms, Slugs, Snails; Attracted by Clover.

Honeybee -- Pollinator

Hover Fly (Syrphid Fly) -- Aphids

Ichneumon Wasp -- Beetle larvae, Caterpillars, Sawfl y,

Lacewing -- Aphids, Corn Earworms, Mites, Thrips

Lady Beetle -- Aphids

Benefi cial Insects:

Benefi cial Insects:

Urban W

ildlife Habitat

- Residential S

caleA

aron R. Luom

aWILDLIFE HABITAT


[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/


[Butterfl ies]

Fallen logs and other woody debris create excellent habitat for a variety of insects

Blanket Flower attracts butterfl ies with is bold red and yellow bloom

Butterfl ies act as pollinators and bring a bright array of color to your yard. It is important to provide nesting boxes for shelter as well as the appropriate plants for food. Plants could be selected to attract butterfl ies as well as to attract the caterpillars. Additional feeding troughs can be placed for increased nectar.

Some examples of fl owers that attract butterfl ies:

Globe Amaranth Butterfl y Weed Calendula

Aster Chrysanthemum Cigar Plant

Purple Conefl ower Cosmos, Daylily Geranium

Goldenrod Impatiens Marigold

Pansy Pentas Plumbago

Mexican Bush Sage Speedwell Mexican Sunfl ower

Zinnia Blackfoot Daisy Bluebonnet

Brown-eyed Susan Cardinal Flower Columbine

Frostweed Indian Blanket Gayfeather

Mexican Hat Indian Paintbrush Salvia

Coreopsis Phlox Purple Horsemint

photo credit: www.msu.edu

photo credit: www.carolinanature.com

Hydaspe Fritallary


photo credit: www.greathousebutterfl iesinc.com

photo credit: www.prairiestarfl owers.com

photo credit: www.meredith.com

Mormon Fritillary

Red Admiral

Ediths Checkered Spot

Urban W

ildlife Habitat

- Residential S

caleA

aron R. Luom

aWILDLIFE HABITAT


[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/


[Other wildlife]

Shade created by vine maples and other plants help shelter wildlife

This frog has found a home in a vacant bird bath

By creating wildlife habitat, you open your yard to a lots of different animals. Some of these potential neighbors could include frogs, toads, bats, squirrels, and mice. Again it is important to provide food, water, shelter, and places to raise young for these species. Bat houses can be built, to attract these winged creatures of the night. Frogs will welcome any site of open water and will also patrol your yard for pesky bugs.

photo credit: www.mcfi tz.com

photo credit: www.nwf.org

photo credit: www.rocket.box.plan.comphoto credit: www.mattheweathers.com

photo credit: www.nestbox.co.uk

photo credit: www.content.answers.com

photo credit: www.corante.com

Urban W

ildlife Habitat

- Residential S

caleA

aron R. Luom

aWILDLIFE HABITAT


[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/


[Tukwila, WA]

A local stream passes through the community of

Tukwila, WA

photo credit: City of Tukwila, WA

photo credit: Backyard Wildlife, Tukwila, WAphoto credit: Backyard Wildlife Festival


Tukwila Wildlife Habitat Project

In 2002 Tukwila, WA was the fi rst community to be certifi ed as a Community Wildlife Habitat by the National Wildlife Federation. Other communities such as Alki and Bellingham have also recently completed the certifi cation process. The Pacifi c Northwest could also become one of the fi rst internationally recognized eco-regions certifi ed by the NWF.

Tukwila hosts their annual Backyard Wildlife Festival which celebrates and promotes urban wildlife habitat at the residential scale. Much of the support is driven by local citizens and different organizations present within the community.

The backyard to the left showcases the diverse amount of planting, woody debris, built structures and food available to wildlife. It also highlights the importance of having several levels of vegetation.

Urban W

ildlife Habitat

- Residential S

caleA

aron R. Luom

aWILDLIFE HABITAT


[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/


[Tukwila, WA]photo credit: City of Tukwila, WA

photo credit: http://wdfw.wa.gov/

SAMPLE CONCEPT LANFOR WILDLIFE HABITAT

HABITAT AREAS

Here is a sample of a residence in the planning stages of creating wildlife habitat. Notice how sections of the yard are planned based upon the existing micro-climates of the area, and what vegetation is needed to support different habitats.

The graphic below shows the different types of birds that like to nest in different levels of vegetation.

Urban W

ildlife Habitat

- Residential S

caleA

aron R. Luom

aWILDLIFE HABITAT


[FOR MORE INFO]


http://wdfw.wa.gov/


[Tukwila, WA]

Required Criteria For Community Certifi cation

• 500 certifi ed individual residence sites.

• 75 certifi ed sites at apartment buildings.

• 5 schoolyard sites.

• 100 business participants.

• 2 or more public demonstration sites.

• Scrapbook documenting the project.

• At least ten elective projects.


photo credit: http://wdfw.wa.gov/

SAMPLE PLANTING PLANFOR WILDLIFE HABITAT

The fi nal planting plan shows the variety of plants used to support different species for their food and shelter. The plants used represent mostly native species that birds and other wildlife are attracted too. The placement of built structures, such as feeders are also important.

Blue Elderberry Cascara Bitter Cherry Pacifi c Dogwood

Hawthorn Serviceberry Wild Rose Mountain Ash

Kinnickinick Cottonwood Oregon Ash Willow

Red-Osier Dogwood Douglas Fir Oregon White Oak Western Service Berry

Oregon Grape Blue Elderberry Salal Salmonberry

Hooker’s Evening-primrose Red Columbine Beach Strawberry

precedent studies for green street edges

Documents

street art

artenvironment art

environmental artists

community art project

community art initiatives

environmental forces

environmental problems

public artworks