pneumatic system component
DESCRIPTION
different types of pneumatic componentTRANSCRIPT
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
FUNCTIONS OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
2. COMPRESSOR
3. AIR RESERVOIR
4. PNEUMATIC VALVES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATIC SYSTE
COMPONENTS
Pneumatic system: A pneumatic system carries power by empcompressed gas, generally air, as a fluid for transmitting energyan energy-generating source to an energy-using point to accom
useful work.
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PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
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PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Compressor
storage reservoir
Control Valves
Direction control valves
Ball Seat valve
Disc seat poppet valve
Non return valves Check valve
Shuttle valve
Quick exhaust valve
Two pressure valve
Flow control valves
Pressure control valves
Solenoid Valve
pneumatic actuator
Linear Actuator
Rotary Actuator
Pressure switch
Piping system
FRL(Filter-Regulator-Lubricator) U
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FUNCTIONS OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPO
1. The pneumatic actuator converts the fluid power into mech power to perform useful work.
2. The compressor is used to compress the fresh air drawn froatmosphere.
3. The storage reservoir is used to store a given volume of compair.
4. The valves are used to control the direction, flow rate and presscompressed air.
5. External power supply (motor) is used to drive the compressor.
6. The piping system carries the pressurized air from one locatanother.
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1. PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
Pneumatic actuators are the devices used for converting prenergy of compressed air into the mechanical energy to performwork.
Actuators are used to perform the task of exerting the required fthe end of the stroke or used to create displacement by the movof the piston.
Pneumatic cylinders can be used to get linear, rotary and oscimotion. There are three types of pneumatic actuator: they are
i) Linear Actuator or Pneumatic cylinders
ii) Rotary Actuator or Air motors
iii) Limited angle Actuators
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There are varying designs of single including:
1. Diaphragm cylinder
2. Rolling diaphragm cylinder
3. Gravity return single acting cylinder
4. Spring return single acting cylinder
Single Acting Cylinder
Double Acting Cylinder Based on the cylinder action
Rotating type
Non Rotating type
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2. COMPRESSOR
Pneumatic control systesupply of compressed a be made available in sufand at a pressure to suitthe system.
Air compressors are gedisplacement units areciprocating piston typscrew or rotary vane tclassification of compr
below:
Classification of compressors
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The air reservoir stores the pressurized air used to
operate the pneumatic circuit components(actuator).
The air reservoir acts like a pneumatic battery
3. AIR RESERVOIR
Air reservoir
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4. PNEUMATIC VALVES
Valve are defined as devices to control or regulate the commencemtermination and direction and also the pressure or rate of flow of a flunder pressure which is delivered by a compressor or vacuum pump ostored in a vessel.
Valve available for pneumatic control can be classified into four princgroups according to their function:
a. Direction control valve (DCV)
b. Non return valves (NRV)c. Flow control valves
d. Pressure control valves
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Disc seat poppet valve
When push button is released, po
are connected via hollow pushbu
the push button is pressed, port 3
blocked by the moving valve ste
Figure shows the 3/2 DCV
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PORT DESIGNATION OF DCV
Ref. ANSI Y32.10, FLUID POWER
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MATHOD OF ACTUATION OF DCV
Type of actuation Type of control Symbol
Manual General
Pushbutton
Detent lever operated
Foot pedal
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Type of actuation Type of control Symbol
Pneumatic Direct
Indirect, pilot operated
Electrical Single solenoid
Double solenoid
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A. CHECK VALVE
B. NON RETURN VALVES
It completely blocks
direction while permi
the opposite direction
minimum pressure lo
valve.
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B. Shuttle Valve
It is also known as a double con
double check valve.
A shuttle valve has two inlets an
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D. Two Pressure Valve This valve is the pneumatic
valve.
A two pressure valve require
pressurized inputs to allo
output from itself.
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C. FLOW CONTROL VALVE
A flow
regulates the
The control a
to the air
through the v
open, maint
volume per
Figure (a) sh
restrictor typ
valve (manifo
(b) shows
restriction ty
valve (inline t
(a) Manifold type (b) Inline type
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D. PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE
A. Pressure limiting valve.
It is a standard feature of compressed air pr plant but is hardly ever used in pneumatic contr
These valves perform a safety relief func
opening to the atmosphere if a predetermined p
is exceeded in the system, thus releasing the
pressure.
As soon as the pressure is thus relieved to the
figure, the valve closed again by spring force.
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B. Pressure sequence valve C. Pressure reducing valve o
Function of the sequence valve is very
similar to that of a pressure limiting
valve. Outlet of the pressure sequence
valve remains closed until pressure
upstream of it builds up to a
predetermined value. Only then the valve
opens to permit the air from inlet to
outlet. Sequence valve must be
incorporated into a pneumatic control
where a certain minimum pressure must
be available for a given function and
operation is not be initiated at any
pressure lower than that.
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Solenoid Valve
• Solenoid valves are electrically operated valves that
control the direction and flow of pressurized air to and
from pneumatic actuators or circuits.
• Solenoid valves can be either mono-stable, (they
spring return to a default condition either on or off ) or
Bi-stable, (having no preferred or default conditionthus remaining where it was last positioned either on
or off ) Pneumatic valves can be operated by hand,
(mechanical) electrically (solenoid) or air (piloted)
operated.
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Regulator
• The function of the air pressure regulator is to
maintain working pressure virtually constant
regardless of fluctuations of the line pressure and air
consumption.
• These devices are fitted with mechanical components
that react to changes in the downstream air pressure.
• The regulator attempts to automatically maintain a
constant (preset) pressure within a pneumatic circuit as
long as the supply (reservoir) pressure is greater than
the required circuit pressure.
• The reading on the regulator-mounted gauge indicates
the regulated or circuit pressure
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Pressure switch
A pressure switch is a pneumatic-
converter. Pressure switches are us
change in pressure, and opens or clos
switch when a predetermined pressu
Bellow or diaphragm is used to sense
pressure. Bellows or Diaphragm is use
contract in response to increase o
pressure.
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FRL Unit
In most pneumatic systems, the compressed air is first filtered and then regulated
specific pressure and made to pass through a lubricator for lubricating the oil. Thu
filter, regulator and lubricator are placed in the inlet line to each air circuit. They m
installed as separate units, but more often they are used in the form of a combine
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