UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPURMALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM (LGD 20402)

WORKSTATION NO :5GROUP NAME :NAMEID. NO

NOORZARIWAN IKHMAR BIN NORIZAN56120313321

MOHAMMAD AMIRUDDIN BIN AZNI56120313320

MOHD IKRAM NAJIHUDDIN BIN SALMAN 56120313303

LECTURER NAME : MR.ABDUL AZIZ BIN ABDUL RAHIM

TABLE OF CONTENT

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No.PictureDescriptionSymbol/Series NoFunction

1Indirect control of double acting cylinder

are mechanical devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a force in recipricating linear motion an both side.

2Indirect control of single acting cylinder-produce thrust in one direction -to provide the driving force for machines.

3Rathless cylinderAre generally used as drive for rapid more.

45/2 way pneumatic double pilotA devices that regulates the flow of air by opening and closing or prctically obstructing passage ways.

55/2 way pneumatically actuated,single pilotA devices that regulates the flow of air by opening and closing or partically obstructing passage ways.

63/2 way pneumatic valve,one sideA devices that regulates the flow of air by opening and closing or partically obstructing passage ways.

75/3 way valve pneumatically actuated,both sides,normally closed A devices that regulated the flow of air on both sides.

8One way flow control valveRegulate the piston speed of pneumatic drives during advance and return stroke.

9Pressure gaugeThe importance of pressure gauge becomes clear when there is no posibility of indicating the pressure of air compress.

10Optical display(red)Suitable for monitoring and display of operational status.

113/2 way valve with push button,normally closed Returns the valve to the normal position via a return spring

125/2 way valve with selector It is actuated by turning the selector switch,switching is maintained after the selector.switch has been release.

13Pressure regulator valve with gauge-filter: can remove impurities from compressed air before it is fed to the pneumatic components.-pressure regulator: to stabilize the pressure and regulated the operation of pneumatic component-lubricator: to provide lubrication for pneumatic component.

14Time delay valve normally closedThe time delay valve is actuated by a pnuematic signal port12 after a pressure time delay has elapsed.it is return spring when the signal is removed

153/2 way valve with mushroom,head emergency swittech(red) normally openWhen the push button is released, the circuit state is returned acts as emergency stop button.

16Quick exhaust valve These compent allow higher piston speeds to be achieved on the return stroke of struggle and double acting cylinder.

173/2 way roller level valve,normally closedThe valve is actuated by pressing the roller valve.

183/2 way way roller level valve with idie return normally closed The valve is actuated when the trip roller has been tranverd by al cylinder trip cam possing in the positive direction.

19CounterIs a sequential number generator is can be used with or without o database.

20Air distributorCompressed air distributor together with the supplementary function of water seperation and stable air supply

21Shuttle valve To isolate one part of a system from an aternate part of circuit

23Connecting pipe Can be used in water or other liquid environment or to convey air or other gasses-use to carry fluids through air or fluid environmnet.

24Service unit -filter regulator-lubricator-other function modules

25Releasing toolsTo re-assembled the component from the working table.

INTRODUCTION

A fluid power system is one that transmits and control energy through the use of pressurized liquid or gas. In Pneumatics, this power is air. This of course from the atmosphere and is reduced in volume by compression, thus increasing its pressure. Compressed air mainly used to do work by acting on a piston or vane. While this energy can be used in many facets of industry, the field of industrial pneumatics is considered here. The correct use of pneumatic control requires an adequate knowledge of pneumatic components and their function to ensure their integration into an efficient working system. Although electronic control using a programmable sequencer or other logic controller is currently specified, it is still necessary to know the function of the pneumatic components in this type of system.

BACKGROUND

During 17th century,German physicist and engineer Otto von Guericke experimented with and improved air compressors. In 1650, Guericke invented the first air pump. It could produce a partial vacuum and Guericke used it to study the phenomenon of vacuum and the role of air in combustion and respiration.In 1829, the first stage or compound air compressor was patented. A compound air compressor compresses air in successive cylinders.By 1872, compressor efficiency was improved by having the cylinders cooled by water jets, which led to the invention of water-jacketed cylinders.

OBJECTIVE

1. Perform the safety and regulations apply in engineering workshop and/or laboratory.2. Describe briefly about pneumatic control system.3. Design the pneumatic circuit diagram and elements.4. Correctly install components in the pneumatic system according to the given circuit diagrams.5. Test runs the assembled system components base on the given circuit diagrams.

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

The advantages of pneumatic systemsPneumatic control systems are widely used in our society, especially in the industrial sectorsfor the driving of automatic machines. Pneumatic systems have a lot of advantages.

(i) High effectivenessMany factories have equipped their production lines with compressed air supplies and movablecompressors. There is an unlimited supply of air in our atmosphere to produce compressed air.Moreover, the use of compressed air is not restricted by distance, as it can easily be transportedthrough pipes. After use, compressed air can be released directly into the atmosphere without theneed of processing.

(ii) High durability and reliabilityPneumatic components are extremely durable and can not be damaged easily. Compared toelectromotive components, pneumatic components are more durable and reliable.

(iii) Simple designThe designs of pneumatic components are relatively simple. They are thus more suitable foruse in simple automatic control systems.

(iv) High adaptability to harsh environmentCompared to the elements of other systems, compressed air is less affected by hightemperature, dust, corrosion, etc.(v) SafetyPneumatic systems are safer than electromotive systems because they can work in inflammableenvironment without causing fire or explosion. Apart from that, overloading in pneumatic systemwill only lead to sliding or cessation of operation. Unlike electromotive components, pneumaticcomponents do not burn or get overheated when overloaded.

(vi) Easy selection of speed and pressureThe speeds of rectilinear and oscillating movement of pneumatic systems are easy to adjustand subject to few limitations. The pressure and the volume of air can easily be adjusted by apressure regulator.

(vii) Environmental friendlyThe operation of pneumatic systems do not produce pollutants. The air released is alsoprocessed in special ways. Therefore, pneumatic systems can work in environments that demandhigh level of cleanliness. One example is the production lines of integrated circuits.

(viii) EconomicalAs pneumatic components are not expensive, the costs of pneumatic systems are quite low.Moreover, as pneumatic systems are very durable, the cost of repair is significantly lower than thatof other systems.

The disadvantages of pneumatic systemsAlthough pneumatic systems possess a lot of advantages, they are also subject to manylimitations.

(i) Relatively low accuracyAs pneumatic systems are powered by the force provided by compressed air, their operation issubject to the volume of the compressed air. As the volume of air may change when compressed orheated, the supply of air to the system may not be accurate, causing a decrease in the overallaccuracy of the system.

(ii) Low loadingAs the cylinders of pneumatic components are not very large, a pneumatic system cannot driveloads that are too heavy.

(iii) Processing required before useCompressed air must be processed before use to ensure the absence of water vapour or dust.Otherwise, the moving parts of the pneumatic components may wear out quickly due to friction.

(iv) Uneven moving speedAs air can easily be compressed, the moving speeds of the pistons are relatively uneven.

(v) NoiseNoise will be produced when compressed air is released from the pneumatic components.

CONCLUSION

Our conclusion is we can know how to construct accurately and can arrange the component of pneumatic circuit systematically. Then we can know how to report and explain briefly the operation of pneumatic experiment in group. Next we can learn to find out the correct component and equipment. For our recommendation there are components that have been damaged mixed with the component that can work. Components should be separated so that students do not use these components to build the circuit. Components need to be replaced with new components so that students can use enough components to build the circuit mainly used by many groups.

REFRENCE

1. http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/hydraulic1.htm2. http://www.smartcape.org.za/learner-support/school-project-information/technology/hydraulic-and-pneumatic-system.html3. http://www.festo.com/cat/en-kr_kr/products4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatics5. http://accessengineeringlibrary.com/browse/fluid-power-engineering/p200194069970367001