Fish & Wildlife Service

IroquoisNational WildlifeRefugeBirds

Fish & Wildlife ServiceU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

MARC H 3, 1849

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Canada Goose with brood©Doug Domedion

Please report sightings of birds that are not included in this list to:

Refuge ManagerIroquois National Wildlife Refuge1101 Casey RoadBasom, NY 14013585/948 5445iroquois@fws.gov

Federal Relay Servivefor the deaf and hard-of-hearing1 800/877 8339

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service1 800/344 WILDhttp://www.fws.gov

February 2007

The Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, in Genesee and Orleans counties, New York, was established in 1958 to provide nesting, resting and feeding grounds for ducks, geese and other water-loving birds. This refuge contains 10,818 acres of marsh, swamp, woodland, shrub and thicket, wet meadow, pasture and old fields. Primary refuge objectives include offering food, rest, and protection for birds, especially during spring and fall migration, and providing nature-oriented recreation for people.

Public use includes nature study, especially bird watching and observation of concentrations of migrating waterfowl from convenient overlooks, walking nature trails, photography, hunting, fishing, and leisurely driving through the refuge.

Birding is best from March through November. Peak migrations of waterfowl are in early April and early October. May is the best time to observe warblers, with the most species likely to be seen between the tenth and the twenty-first of the month. Visitors can readily view summering waterfowl and their broods. One can always expect to see some interesting birds on a tour of the refuge, regardless of the season.

Enjoy yourself. Whether you’re a seasoned birder or a beginner, we wish you a rewarding and memorable experience from this visit to your refuge.

This goose, designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, has become a symbol of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

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Ruby-throated hummingbirds

This brochure lists 268 birds that have been identified on the refuge, and is in accordance with the seventh American Ornithologists Union Checklist. Most birds are migratory, therefore, their seasonal occurrence is coded as follows:

SeasonSp Spring March 21 – June 20S Summer June 21 – September 20F Fall September 21 – December 20W Winter December 21 – March 20

•  Birds known to nest on or near the refuge

Relative AbundanceRelative abundance indicates how frequently you might see a bird in its favored habitat.

a abundant a species which is very numerousc common likely to be seen or heard in suitable habitatu uncommon present, but not certain to be seeno occasional seen only a few times during a seasonr rare may be present but not every year

Sp S F W

Sp S F W

___ • American Wigeon _____________ c o c___ • American Black Duck __________ c u c o___ • Mallard ______________________ c c c o___ • Blue-winged Teal ______________ c c u___ • Northern Shoveler ____________ u o u___ • Northern Pintail ______________ c o u r___ • Green-winged Teal ____________ c o c r___ Canvasback___________________ o o___ • Redhead _____________________ o o o___ Ring-necked Duck _____________ c c ___ Greater Scaup ________________ o o___ Lesser Scaup _________________ u u___ Surf Scoter ___________________ r___ White-winged Scoter ___________ r r___ Black Scoter __________________ r___ Long-tailed Duck ______________ o o___ Bufflehead ___________________ u u___ Common Goldeneye ___________ o o___ • Hooded Merganser ____________ c u u r___ Common Merganser ___________ u u___ Red-breasted Merganser _______ o o___ Ruddy Duck __________________ u o o

Gallinaceous Birds___ • Ring-necked Pheasant _________ u u u u___ • Ruffed Grouse ________________ u u u u___ • Wild Turkey __________________ c u u u

Loons ___ Common Loon ________________ o

Grebes___ • Pied-billed Grebe ______________ c c c___    Horned Grebe ________________ o___ Red-necked Grebe _____________ r

Comorants ___ Double-crested Cormorant _____ o r o

Bitterns, Herons and Egrets ___ • American Bittern ______________ u u u___ • Least Bittern _________________ u u u___ • Great Blue Heron _____________ c a c o___ Great Egret __________________ o o o

Swans, Geese and Ducks___ Greater White-fronted Goose ___ r r r

___ Snow Goose __________________ o o___ • Canada Goose _________________ a a a u___ Cackling Goose _______________ o o o___ Brant ________________________ r r___ Mute Swan ___________________ r r r___ Tundra Swan _________________ c u r___ • Wood Duck ___________________ c c c r ___ • Gadwall ______________________ u o u

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Great Blue Heron

Sp S F W Sp S F W

___ Cattle Egret __________________ r r___ • Green Heron _________________ u u u___    Black-crowned Night-Heron ____ o o o

New World Vulture ___ • Turkey Vulture ________________ c c c

Osprey, Hawks and Eagles ___ • Osprey _______________________ u u u___ • Bald Eagle ___________________ u u u r___ • Northern Harrier _____________ u u u o___ • Sharp-shinned Hawk ___________ o o o o___ • Cooper’s Hawk _______________ o o o o___ Northern Goshawk ____________ r___ • Red-shouldered Hawk _________ r r r r___    Broad-winged Hawk ___________ o___ • Red-tailed Hawk ______________ c c c c___    Rough-legged Hawk ___________ o o o___ Golden Eagle _________________ r

Falcon ___ • American Kestrel ______________ c c c u___ Peregrine Falcon ______________ r r

Rails ___ Yellow Rail ___________________ r___ • King Rail  ____________________ r r r___ • Virginia Rail __________________ u u u___ • Sora _________________________ u u u___ • Common Moorhen _____________ c c c___ • American Coot ________________ c c c r

Cranes___ Sandhill Crane ________________ r r r

Plovers___ Black-bellied Plover ___________ r r r___ American Golden-Plover________ r r r___ Semipalmated Plover __________ o r o

___ • Killdeer ______________________ c c c

Sandpipers and Phalaropes ___ Greater Yellowlegs_____________ c o c___ Lesser Yellowlegs _____________ c o c___ Solitary Sandpiper ____________ u o u___ • Spotted Sandpiper _____________ c c u___ • Upland Sandpiper _____________ r r r___    Hudsonian Godwit _____________ r r___ Ruddy Turnstone ______________ r___ Semipalmated Sandpiper _______ u o c___ Least Sandpiper ______________ u o u___ White-rumped Sandpiper _______ r r r___ Pectoral Sandpiper ____________ o o o___ Dunlin _______________________ u o c___ Stilt Sandpiper ________________ r___ Short-billed Dowitcher _________ o o o___ Long-billed Dowitcher _________ r___ • Wilson’s Snipe ________________ c u c___ • American Woodcock ___________ c u u___ Wilson’s Phalarope ____________ r r___ Red-necked Phalarope _________ r r

Gulls and Terns ___ Bonaparte’s Gull ______________ o r___ Ring-billed Gull _______________ c u u o___    Herring Gull __________________ o r o o___ Great Black-backed Gull ________ r r r r___ Caspian Tern _________________ o o o___ Common Tern ________________ o o___ • Black Tern ___________________ c c o

Pigeons and Doves ___ • Rock Pigeon __________________ u u u u___ • Mourning Dove _______________ c c c u

Cuckoos ___ • Black-billed Cuckoo ____________ u u u ___ • Yellow-billed Cuckoo ___________ o o o

Barn Owls

Sp S F W

___ Barn Owl _____________________ r r r r

Typical Owls ___ • Eastern Screech-Owl __________ u u u u___ • Great Horned Owl _____________ c c c c___ Snowy Owl ___________________ r r___ • Barred Owl  __________________ u u u u___ Long-eared Owl _______________ r r r___ Short-eared Owl _______________ o o o___ Northern Saw-whet Owl ________ r r r

Night Jars ___ Common Nighthawk ___________ o o o___ Whip-poor-will ________________ r r

Swifts ___ Chimney Swift ________________ o o o

Hummingbirds___ • Ruby-throated Hummingbird ___ u u

Sp S F W

Kingfisher ___ • Belted Kingfisher _____________ u u u o

Woodpeckers ___ • Red-headed Woodpecker _______ o o o o___ • Red-bellied Woodpecker ________ u u u u___ • Yellow-bellied Sapsucker _______ o o___ • Downy Woodpecker ____________ c c c c___ • Hairy Woodpecker _____________ u u u u___ • Northern Flicker ______________ c c c o___ • Pileated Woodpecker ___________ u u u u

Tyrant Flycatchers___ • Eastern Wood-Pewee __________ c c u___ • Acadian Flycatcher ____________ o o o___ • Alder Flycatcher ______________ o o o___ • Willow Flycatcher _____________ c c c___ • Least Flycatcher ______________ u u r___ • Eastern Phoebe _______________ c c c___ • Great Crested Flycatcher  ______ c c c___ • Eastern Kingbird _____________ c c c

Shrikes ___ Northern Shrike ______________ o o o

Vireo ___ • Yellow-throated Vireo __________ u u u___ Blue-headed Vireo _____________ u r u___ • Warbling Vireo ________________ c c c___ Philadelphia Vireo _____________ r r___ • Red-eyed Vireo _______________ c c c

Crows and Jays ___ • Blue Jay _____________________ c c c c___ • American Crow _______________ c c c c

Larks ___ • Horned Lark _________________ u u u u

Swallows ___ • Purple Martin ________________ u u o___ • Tree Swallow _________________ c c c___ Northern Rough-winged Swallow u u u___ Bank Swallow. ________________ u u u

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Eastern Screech-Owl

Sp S F W

___ Cliff Swallow _________________ o o o___ • Barn Swallow _________________ c c c

Titmice and Chickadees ___ • Black-capped Chickadee ________ c c c c___ • Tufted Titmouse _______________ u u u u

Nuthatches___ Red-breasted Nuthatch ________ r r o___ • White-breasted Nuthatch _______ c c c c

Creepers ___ • Brown Creeper _______________ c u u u

Wren ___ Carolina Wren ________________ r r r r___ • House Wren __________________ c c c___ Winter Wren __________________ o o r___ • Sedge Wren __________________ u u o___ • Marsh Wren __________________ c c o

Kinglets ___ • Golden-crowned Kinglet ________ c r c u___    Ruby-crowned Kinglet _________ c c r

Old World Warblers ___ • Blue-gray Gnatcatcher _________ c u o

Thrushes ___ • Eastern Bluebird ______________ c u u r___ • Veery ________________________ c c o___ Gray-cheeked Thrush __________ r r___ Swainson’s Thrush ____________ u u___    Hermit Thrush ________________ u r u r___ • Wood Thrush _________________ c c u___ • American Robin _______________ c c c o

Mimic Thrasher ___ • Gray Catbird _________________ c c c___ Northern Mockingbird _________ o o o o___ • Brown Thrasher ______________ u o o r

Sp S F W

Starlings ___ • European Starling _____________ c c c c

Pipits ___ American Pipit ________________ o o

Waxwings___ Bohemian Waxwing ____________ r r___ • Cedar Waxwing _______________ c c c u

Wood Warblers ___ • Blue-winged Warbler __________ c c c___ • Golden-winged Warbler ________ r r r___ Tennessee Warbler ____________ u u u___ Orange-crowned Warbler _______ r r r___ Nashville Warbler _____________ u u u___ Northern Parula ______________ u u u___ • Yellow Warbler ________________ a a c___ Chestnut-sided Warbler ________ u u u___ Magnolia Warbler _____________ u u u___ Cape May Warbler ____________ r r r___ Black-throated Blue Warbler ____ u u u___ Yellow-rumped Warbler ________ c r c___ Black-throated Green Warbler __ u u u___ Blackburnian Warbler __________ u u u___ Pine Warbler _________________ r r___ Palm Warbler _________________ u o u___ Bay-breasted Warbler __________ u u u___ Blackpoll Warbler _____________ u u u___ • Cerulean Warbler _____________ u u r___ Black-and-white Warbler _______ u u u___ • American Redstart ____________ c c u___ • Prothonotary Warbler __________ r r___ • Ovenbird _____________________ u u u___ • Northern Waterthrush  ________ u u u___ • Mourning Warbler _____________ o r o___ • Common Yellowthroat __________ c c c___ • Hooded Warbler _______________ u u o___ Wilson’s Warbler ______________ u u u___ Canada Warbler _______________ u u u___ • Yellow-breasted Chat __________ r r

Sp S F W

Tanagers ___ • Scarlet Tanager _______________ u u u

Sparrows and Towhees ___ • Eastern Towhee _______________ u o u r___ American Tree Sparrow ________ c c c___ • Chipping Sparrow _____________ c c c___ • Field Sparrow ________________ u u u___ • Vesper Sparrow _______________ r r r___ • Savannah Sparrow ____________ c c c___ • Grasshopper Sparrow __________ r r r___ • Henslow’s Sparrow ____________ r r r___ Fox Sparrow __________________ o o___ • Song Sparrow_________________ a a a u___ • Swamp Sparrow _______________ c c c o___ White-throated Sparrow ________ c c u___ White-crowned Sparrow ________ u u r___ Dark-eyed Junco ______________ c c u___ Lapland Longspur _____________ r___ Snow Bunting _________________ o o o

Cardinals, Grosbeaks and Allies ___ • Northern Cardinal_____________ c c c c___ • Rose-breasted Grosbeak _______ c c c___ • Indigo Bunting ________________ c c c

Blackbirds and Orioles ___ • Bobolink _____________________ c c u___ • Red-winged Blackbird _________ a a a u___ • Eastern Meadowlark __________ u u u r___ Rusty Blackbird _______________ u u___ • Common Grackle ______________ c c c r___ • Brown-headed Cowbird ________ c c c o___ • Baltimore Oriole ______________ c c c

Finches ___ Pine Grosbeak ________________ r r r___ • Purple Finch  _________________ u o u o___ • House Finch __________________ u u u u___ Common Redpoll ______________ o o o___ Pine Siskin ___________________ o o o___ • American Goldfinch ____________ c c c c___ Evening Grosbeak _____________ o o o

Old World Sparrows

___ • House Sparrow _______________ u u u u

Accidentals

The following 34 species have been seen on the refuge one or two times:

Red-throated LoonEared GrebeSnowy EgretLittle Blue HeronGlossy IbisRoss’ GooseBarnacle GooseFulvous Whistling-DuckEurasion WigeonMerlinGyrfalconAmerican AvocetWilletWhimbrelMarbled GodwitRed KnotSanderlingAmerican White PelicanWestern SandpiperBaird’s SandpiperRuffLesser Black-backed GullGlaucous GullBlack-legged KittiwakeForster’s TernThree-toed WoodpeckerLoggerhead ShrikeWhite-eyed VireoSummer TanagerLincoln’s SparrowYellow-headed BlackbirdOrchard OrioleRed CrossbillWhite-winged Crossbill

NOTES

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Tundra Swan