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Hummingbird Mini Study

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Created and designed by Debbie Martin

Hummingbird Mini StudyThe Whole Word Publishing

“The Word, the whole Word and nothing but the Word."Copyright © March 2011

by Debbie Martin 3627 D St.

Bremerton, Wa 98312All rights reserved.

Permission is hereby granted to the individual purchaser to reproduce his book in whole or in part for non commercial individual or

classroom use only. Permission is not granted for school wide system wide reproduction of materials. Images are are public domain.

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HummingbirdsHummingbirds are birds that

make up the family Trochilidae. Hummingbirds can hover in mid-

air by rapidly flapping their wings 12–90 times per second (depending on the species).

They can also fly backwards, and are the only group of birds able to do so. Their name comes from the humming made by their rapid wing beats. They can

fly at speeds exceeding 34 miles per hour. The largest hummingbird in the world is the Giant

Hummingbird of South America. It weighs about 20 grams and is nine inches long. The smallest

hummingbird in the world is the Bee Hummingbird of Cuba. It weighs only 2.2 grams and is a little over two inches long. In North America the largest hummingbird is the

Blue-throated Hummingbird. The

smallest humingbird in North America is the Calliope Hummingbird.

Calliope Hummingbird feeding Calliope Hummingbird feeding insects to its chicksinsects to its chicks

Broad Billed HummingbirdBroad Billed Hummingbird

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Like bees, they are able to assess the amount of sugar in the nectar they eat; they reject flower types that produce nectar that is less than 10% sugar and prefer those whose sugar content is

stronger. Nectar is a poor source of nutrients, so hummingbirds meet their needs for protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals by preying on insects such as ants, mosquitoes, aphids, gnats, midges, caterpillars, flying ants, weevils, small beetles, whiteflies and insect eggs. They also eat small

spiders, and some species feed on tree sap from holes in trees that other

birds have made such as yellow bellied sap suckers. Sapsucker holes provide both insects and sap. Hummingbirds

may visit 1,000 flowers per day in their

Calliope HummingbirdCalliope HummingbirdBlue-Throated Blue-Throated HummingbirdHummingbird

What do hummingbirds

eat?Hummingbirds drink nectar, a

sweet liquid inside flowers.

Yellow Bellied Yellow Bellied Sap SuckerSap Sucker

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search for nectar. Hummingbirds have grooves on the sides of their tongue that collect and allow them

to lap up the nectar. Hummingbirds store the food they eat in a stretchy sack

found in the neck called a crop. The crop allows small amounts of food to be released into the intestines. Once in the intestines, the sugar is absorbed into

the blood stream and used for energy. When hummingbirds feed on nectar, the bill is usually only opened slightly, allowing the tongue to dart out and

into the interior of flowers. Baby hummingbirds eat a mixture of nectar and tiny insects and spiders, that the mother hummingbird collects in her crop. She then regurgitates this mixture into the mouths of the baby hummingbirds. Hummingbirds have the highest metabolism of any animal on earth because of

this they eat more than they weigh every day.

Hummingbirds have to feed every 10-15 minutes.

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Have fun making your own hummingbird food.

It's easy and inexpensive. To make your own hummingbird

food recipe solution, follow the below instructions.

When creating a sugar solution for your feeder, the best ratio

is 1 part white, granulated sugar to 4 parts water, since this closely

approximates the concentrations found in the nectar of wildflowers they prefer.

To make a little over 1 cup of hummingbird food recipe solution (normally enough to fill a standard

feeder) follow the below directions:Make sure your feeder is completely clean before

adding new solution.• Boil 1 cup of water.

• Stir 1/4 cup of white granulated sugar into the 1 cup of heated water.

• Stir until sugar dissolves.• Cool, fill your hummingbird feeder, and serve!

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The sugar in flower nectar is primarily sucrose, like that of white sugar. So don't use honey in your

feeder, which is primarily composed of fructose & glucose. Hummingbirds can't digest it as efficiently. Fermentation and mold growth also occurs faster in honey solutions than those made from granulated

sugar. This mold (fungus) can give the hummingbirds a fatal tongue infection. Do not use artificial

sweeteners either which provide no calories (no energy).

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Hummingbirds while in flight have the highest

metabolism of all animals, a necessity in order to

support the rapid beating of their wings. Their

heart rate can reach as high as 1,260 beats per

minute, a rate once measured in a Blue

Throated Hummingbird. Hummingbirds are continuously hours away from starving to death, and

are able to store just enough energy to survive overnight. Hummingbirds are capable of slowing down their metabolism at night, or any other time food is not readily available. They enter a hibernation-like

state known as torpor. During torpor, the heart rate and rate of breathing are both slowed dramatically

(the heart rate to roughly 50–180 beats per minute), reducing the need for food. The range of metabolic rates in hummingbirds requires a dynamic range in

kidney function. The glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries in the nephrons of the kidney that

removes certain substances from the blood, like a

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filtration mechanism. The rate at which blood is processed is called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Most often these fluids are reabsorbed by

the kidneys. During torpor, to prevent dehydration, the GFR slows, preserving necessities for the body

such as glucose, water and salts. GFR also slows when a bird is undergoing water deprivation. The

interruption of GFR is a survival mechanism unique to hummingbirds.

Studies of hummingbirds' metabolisms could possibly reveal how a migrating Ruby-Throated

Hummingbird can cross the 500 mile Gulf of Mexico on a nonstop flight. This hummingbird, like other

birds preparing to migrate, stores up fat to serve as fuel, boosting its weight by as much as 100 percent

and increasing the bird's potential flying time.

Ruby Throated HummingbirdRuby Throated Hummingbird

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What is metabolism?(Metabolism is the chemical processes by which cells

produce the substances and energy needed to sustain life. As part of metabolism, organic

compounds are broken down to provide heat and energy in the process called catabolism. Simpler molecules are also used to build more complex

compounds like proteins for growth and repair of tissues as part of anabolism. Many metabolic processes are brought about by the action of

enzymes. The overall speed at which an organism carries out its metabolic processes is termed its

metabolic rate (or, when the organism is at rest, its basal metabolic rate). Birds, for example, have a high

metabolic rate, since they are warm-blooded, and their usual method of locomotion, flight, requires

large amounts of energy. Accordingly,

birds usually need large amounts of high-

quality, energy-rich foods such as seeds or meat, which they must

eat frequently. )

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Hummingbird FlightHummingbird flight has been studied intensively from an

aerodynamic perspective using wind tunnels and high-speed

video cameras. A hummingbird can rotate each of its wings in a circle, allowing them to be the only bird which can fly forwards, backwards, up,

down, sideways or sit in sheer space. To hover, hummingbirds move their wings

forward and backward in a repeated figure eight, much like the arms of a swimmer treading water.

Hummingbirds can move instantaneously in any direction, start from its perch at full speed, and

doesn't necessarily slow up to land. Hummingbirds

can even fly short distances upside down, a trick rollover they use when being attacked by

another bird.

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Hummingbird ColorNo other bird possesses such a wide spectrum of breathtaking

colors as the hummingbird. This is due to the structure of the

feathers. While most birds can attribute their color to pigmentation, the hummingbird's shimmering color

is structural rather than pigmented in origin. The iridescent colors of the feathers arise from layers

of special cells within the top layers of the feathers. Light that hits these cells is broken apart; some wavelengths are reinforced and intensified, while

others are dulled through interference. The resulting colors are amazingly vivid, but, unlike

pigmented colors, can be seen only when the light is hitting the feathers at precisely the right

angle. Thus, a hummingbird can

shift its position just a little, and what was

once black will become blazing red.

A hummingbird featherA hummingbird feather

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Hummingbird ReproductionAs far as is known, male

hummingbirds do not take part in nesting. Most species build a cup-

shaped nest on the branch of a tree or shrub, though a few tropical

species normally attach their nests to leaves. The nest varies in size relative to species, from smaller than half of a walnut shell to

several centimeters in diameter. In many hummingbird species, spider silk is used to

bind the nest material together and secure the structure to its support. The unique properties of silk allow the nest to expand with the growing young. Two white eggs

are laid, which, despite being the smallest of all bird eggs, are in fact large relative to the hummingbird's adult size. Incubation lasts 14 to 23 days, depending on species, temperature, and female attentiveness

to the nest.

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Gorget

Bill Culmen Forehead

Crown

Back

Secondary Feathers

Primary Feathers

Rump

Upper Tail Coverts

Tail

Outer Tail FeathersUnder Tail Coverts

Flanks

Belly

Breast

Chin

Throat

Note for above diagram. If you are doing the lapbook portion of this study. You can cut the above out and glue it into your lapbook.

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Where do hummingbirds live?Hummingbirds are restricted mostly to North and South

America, from southern Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, on

the southern most tip of South America including the Caribbean. The majority

of hummingbirds occur in tropical and subtropical Central and South America, but several species also

breed in temperate climates and some Hillstar Hummingbirds even occur in South American Andean

Mountain highlands at altitudes of up to 17,100ft. Many hummingbirds are in humid tropical and

subtropical forests of the northern Andes and adjacent foothills, and many hummingbirds are found

in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and Paraguay. Colombia has more than 160 different kinds of

hummingbirds and Ecuador has 130 different kinds of hummingbirds. In North America, hummingbirds are mostly found in the western half of the United

States. Only the migratory Ruby-Throated Hummingbird breeds in North America east of the

Mississippi River and Great Lakes. The Black Chinned Hummingbird is the

EcuadorianEcuadorian HillstarHillstar

HummingbirdHummingbird

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most widespread and common species in the western United

States, while the Rufous Hummingbird is the most

widespread species in western Canada.

Most hummingbirds of the U.S. and Canada migrate south in fall to spend the winter in northern Mexico or Central America. A

few southern South American species also move to the tropics in the southern winter. A few species are

year-round residents in the warmer coastal and interior desert regions. Among these is Anna's

Hummingbird, a common resident from southern California inland to southern

Arizona and north to southwestern

British Columbia. The Rufous Hummingbird is one of several

species that breed in western North America and are wintering in

Female Black Female Black Chinned HummingbirdChinned Hummingbird

Male Rufous HummingbirdMale Rufous Hummingbird

Female RufousFemale Rufous HummingbirdHummingbird

Male Black Male Black Chinned HummingbirdChinned Hummingbird

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increasing numbers in the southeastern United States, rather than in tropical Mexico. Thanks in

part to artificial feeders and winter-blooming gardens, hummingbirds are surviving northern

winters and even returning to the same gardens year after year. The Rufous Hummingbird nests farther

north than any other species and can tolerate temperatures below freezing on its breeding

grounds. This cold hardiness enables it to survive temperatures well below freezing, provided that

adequate shelter and feeders are available.

Rufous HummingbirdRufous Hummingbird

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Plant Flowers that Attract Hummingbirds

One good way to enjoy hummingbirds is planting a

hummingbird garden. In addition to providing them a natural diet, a hummingbird

garden is an excellent way to attract birds to your nearby feeder. Since hummingbirds feed by sight on regularly-followed routes - called traplining - they will quickly investigate any possible new source of

food. A hummer garden is also a great way to capture the birds on film or video, and makes a much nicer backdrop for your photos than the typical plastic

feeder. If you plan carefully and select a variety of plants that flower at different times, You might

have hummingbirds coming to your garden all season. Using pesticides around hummingbird plants is a very bad idea. Killing garden pests will also eliminate the small insects hummingbirds rely upon for protein. In addition, hummers might directly ingest pesticides sprayed onto flowers, which could sicken or kill the birds. Here are some suggestions of a few plants

that attract hummingbirds:

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Trees and Shrubs • Azalea

• Butterfly Bush (Buddleia) • Cape Honeysuckle • Flame Acanthus • Flowering Quince

• Lantana • Manzanita • Mimosa

• Red Buckeye • Tree Tobacco • Turk's Cap • Weigela

Vines • Coral Honeysuckle

• Cypress Vine • Morning Glory

• Scarlet Runner Bean • Trumpet Creeper

FlowersSome may be annuals or perennials

depending on climate.

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Perennials• Bee Balm • Canna

• Cardinal Flower • Columbine • Coral Bells

• Four O'Clocks • Foxglove • Hosta

• Hummingbird Mint (Agastache) • Little Cigar

• Lupine • Penstemon

• Yucca

Annuals• Beard Tongue

• Firespike • Fuchsia

• Impatiens • Jacobiana • Jewelweed • Petunia

• Various Salvia species

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Things to remember about your hummingbird

garden.Hummingbirds are

attracted to bright orange, red and hot pink

blossoms. Their long, narrow beaks can reach the nectar of long, tubular flowers such as the Balboa

Sunset Trumpet Vine with its large scarlet blossoms, and the Goldflame Honeysuckle, which has vibrant yellow and red flowers. Other good choices are the

Super Red Flowering Maple and the Navajo series of Salvia, available in many colors, including bright red,

rose and salmon red.

Not all hummingbirds feed at the same height, so plant an array of shrub sizes and

climbing vines for food sources.

Supply a source of water. Hummingbirds enjoy flying through a fine mist, which cools them

off.

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Hummingbird Hawk Moth a Look -a- Like!

The Hummingbird Hawk moth is a species of moth

that looks a lot like a hummingbird. It has a long proboscis, hovers and makes

a audible humming noise. It looks remarkably like a hummingbird while feeding on flowers. It flies

during the day, especially in bright sunshine, but also at dusk, dawn, and even in the rain, which is unusual for hawk moths. Its visual abilities have been much studied, and it has been shown to have a relatively

good ability to learn colors. Eggs

The Hummingbird Hawk Moth lays round, glossy pale green eggs about 1 mm diameter. They are said to look like the flower buds of the host plant Galium, and that is

where the female lays them. They hatch 6 to 8 days after laying. Up

to 200 eggs may be laid by one female, each on a separate plant. GaliumGalium

GaliumGalium

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LarvaeThe larva is green with two grey

stripes bordered in cream along the sides and the horn at the rear end . The horn is purplish red, changing to

blue with an orange tip. They feed fully exposed on the top of the host plant and rest in among a tangle of stems. Although dependent on warmth and sun,

the larval stage can be as rapid as 20 days.

PupaeThe pupae are pale brownish with two sharp spines. They are enclosed in loose silken cocoons among the host plant debris or on the ground among leaf litter.

AdultsThe forewings are brown, with black wavy lines

across them, and the hindwings are orange with a black edge. The abdomen is quite broad, with a fan-

tail of. The wingspan is 1.6–1.8 inches. In the southern parts of its range, the Hummingbird Hawk-

moth is highly active even when temperatures are high. It also pollinates many popular garden flowers.

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Hummingbird

My bright fairy dragon.Fantastic beauty.

On the wing.They dip, sip, dart, dip again.Gently buzzing, flashing off.

Their brilliant colors.Wild and curious.

In all their rainbows.All is dazzling beauty.

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Hummingbird


On the wing. They dip, sip, dart, dip again.Gently buzzing, flashing off.



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Hummingbird


On the wing. They dip, sip, dart, dip again.Gently buzzing, flashing off.



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Hummingbird

My bright fairy dragon.

Fantastic beauty.

On the wing. They dip, sip,

dart, dip again.

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Gently buzzing,

flashing off.Their brilliant

colors. Wild and curious.In all their

rainbows.

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All is dazzling

beauty.Sam

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Hummingbird

My bright fairy dragon. Fantastic

beauty. On the wing They dip, sip, dart,

dip again. Gently buzzing, flashing off.Their brilliant colors. Wild and curious.

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In all their rainbows. All is dazzling beauty.Sa

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Hummingbird

My bright fairy dragon. Fantastic

beauty. On the wing They dip, sip, dart,

dip again. Gently buzzing, flashing off.Their brilliant colors.

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Wild and curious.In all their

rainbows. All is dazzling beauty.

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My My HummingbirdHummingbird

LapbookLapbook

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Optional Lapbook Booklets

HummingbirdsHummingbirds are birds are birds

that make upthat make up what family?what family?

Hummingbirds can hover in mid-air

by rapidly flapping their wings how many times

per second?

Hummingbirds can flyHummingbirds can fly at speeds exceedingat speeds exceeding

what speed?what speed?

Directions for above booklets. Cut out, write inside and glue into lapbook.

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What is theWhat is the largest largest

hummingbird hummingbird in the world?in the world?

What is the What is the largest largest

hummingbird in hummingbird in North America?North America?

What is theWhat is thesmallest smallest

hummingbird hummingbird in the world?in the world?

What is the What is the smallest smallest

hummingbird in hummingbird in North America?North America?

Directions: Cut out booklet and cut on dotted lines. Fold in half. Write one item under each flap. Fold tabs over and glue into lapbook.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What do Wha t do hummingb i rdshummingb i rds

ea t?ea t?

Directions for scroll booklet . Write on lined portion of booklet. Cut out both pieces of the booklet andstack with cover on top and staple at the top. Glue into lapbook.

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Directions: Write one insect on each strip. Cut out strips, stack with cover on topand staple on the left. Glue into lapbook.

Hummingbirds Hummingbirds may visitmay visit

how many how many flowers per day?flowers per day?

Directions for above flower booklet. Cut out booklet and fold in half. Write inside and glue into lapbook.

Name five insectsName five insectshummingbirds eat.hummingbirds eat.

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What do babyWhat do baby hummingbirdshummingbirds

eat?eat?

Directions for above booklet. Cut out booklet and fold in half. Write inside and glue into lapbook.

Why shouldn'tWhy shouldn't you use honey you use honey

in your in your hummingbird hummingbird

feeder?feeder?

Directions for above booklet. Cut out booklet and fold in half. Write inside and glue into lapbook.

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Hummingbirds Hummingbirds

enter a enter a hibernation-likehibernation-like state known asstate known as

what? what?

What isWhat is topor?topor?

Directions for above booklet. Cut out booklet, cut on dotted line. Fold in half.Write under each flap and glue into lapbook.

What i s Wha t i s metabo l i sm?metabo l i sm?

Directions for above booklet. Cut out booklet. Fold in half.Write inside and glue into lapbook.

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Explain how Explain how hummingbirdshummingbirds

hover.hover.

A hummingbirdA hummingbird can rotatecan rotate each of each of

its wings how?its wings how?

Directions for above booklet. Cut out booklet, cut on dotted line. Fold in half.Write under each flap and glue into lapbook.

Explain how a Explain how a hummingbirdhummingbird

gets it color.gets it color.

Directions for above booklet. Cut out booklet. Fold in half.Write inside and glue into lapbook.

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In many hummingbird In many hummingbird species, what is usedspecies, what is used

to bind the nestto bind the nest materialmaterial

together and securetogether and secure the structurethe structure to its support?to its support?

The unique The unique properties of properties of silk allow the silk allow the

nest to what? nest to what?

Directions for above booklets. Cut out booklets, fold in half and write inside.Fold tabs over and glue into lapbook.

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How manyHow many eggs doeseggs does

a hummingbirda hummingbird lay? Egg incubation lay? Egg incubation lasts about how long?lasts about how long?

Where do Where do hummingbirdshummingbirds

live?live?

Directions for above booklets. Cut out booklets, fold in half and write inside.Glue into lapbook.

HummingbirdsHummingbirds feed by sight on feed by sight on regularly followedregularly followed

routes called what?routes called what?

Directions for above booklet Cut out booklet and fold in half. Write inside and fold tab over and glue into lapbook..

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Directions for above booklet. Name five plants that attract hummingbirds Cut out booklet. Cut on dotted lines. Fold in half. Write one plant under each flap.

Glue into lapbook..

Directions for above booklet. What three colors are hummingbirds really attracted to?Cut out booklet, cut on dotted lines. Fold in half. Write one item under each flap. Glue into lapbook.

CCOOLLOORRSS

CCOOLLOORRSS

CCOOLLOORRSS

Plants Plants Plants Plants PlantsSa

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Saw-billed HermitIs a hummingbird from southeastern Brazil. It is around 14–16 cm long. It lives in humid

forests, where it aggressively defends feeding routes from individuals of its

own species as well as other hummingbirds.

White-tipped SicklebillIs a species of hummingbird found in Costa Rica, Panama of Central America, Colombia, Ecuador,

and far northern Peru. There is also a single recent record from Venezuela. Its natural habitat

is the undergrowth of subtropical or tropical humid lowland. Its curved bill is designed to

reach nectar deep in its favorite flower.

Baron's HermitThey occur from southern Mexico,

through Central America, to South America as far south

as northern Argentina.

Stripe-throated HermitIs a species of hummingbird from Central America and north-western South America.

With a total length of 3½-4 in (9–10 cm) and a weight of 2-3 grams.

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Planalto HermitIs a species of bird of hummingbirdfound in eastern and south-central

Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and sometimes in north-western Argentina.

Scale-throated HermitIt is found in or near Atlantic forest in north-eastern Argentina, south-eastern Brazil, and eastern Paraguay.

White-whiskered HermitThe White-whiskered Hermit,

Phaethornis yaruqui, is a hummingbird that is found

in Colombia and Ecuador.

Green Hermit This large hummingbird is a resident

breeder from southern Central America (Costa Rica and Panama) south to northwestern South America (northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad and the northern Andes to eastern Peru) It is 5.3 in (13.5 cm) long and weighs

0.22 oz (6.3 g).

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Tawny-bellied HermitThe Tawny-bellied Hermit,

Phaethornis syrmatophorus, is a species of hummingbird. It is found in

Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Long-billed HermitIs a large hummingbird that is a resident breeder

from central Mexico south to northwestern Colombia, extreme western Venezuela and western Ecuador

The food of this species is nectar, taken from large flowers, such as Heliconias and passion flowers, and small

insects and spiders are eaten as an essential source of protein. Hatchlings are fed by the female with

regurgitated invertebrates.

Green-fronted LancebillIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa

Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is

subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Grey-breasted SabrewingThe Grey-breasted Sabrewing is a species of

hummingbird found in humid forest in the Guianas and the Amazon Basin with a smaller

population in eastern Brazil. It is a large hummingbird with grey underparts

and broad white tail-tips.

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Violet SabrewingThe Violet Sabrewing, is a very large hummingbird native to southern Mexico and Central America as far south as

Costa Rica and western Panama. It is 15 cm long; the male weighs 11.5 g and the female 9.5 g. It is the largest

hummingbird found outside of South America.

Napo SabrewingIs a species of hummingbird found in Colombia,

Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Male

Female

Sombre HummingbirdIt is a species of hummingbird found only in Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist

lowland forests.

Swallow-tailed HummingbirdFound mainly in east-central South America.Its common name and specific name (which

means "large-tailed") refer to the long, deeply forked, somewhat swallow-like tail.With a total length of 15–17 cm (6-6½ in), nearly half of which is made up by the tail,

and weighing up to 9 g (0.32 oz), this is a large hummingbird.

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White-necked JacobinThe White-necked Jacobin

(Florisuga mellivora) is a large and attractive hummingbird that ranges from Mexico south to Peru, Bolivia and south Brazil. It is also

found on Tobago and in Trinidad.

Black JacobinIs a species of hummingbird in the found

in or near Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, Uruguay, eastern Paraguay,

and far north-eastern Argentina.

Green Violetear Is a hummingbird that is a resident breeder in highlands from south-central Mexico, to western Panama and in the Andes from northern Venezuela to Bolivia. It shows

seasonal movements and wanders to the United States and even Canada.

Black-throated MangoIs a mainly South American hummingbird

species. It is 10.2 cm long and weighs 7.2g. The longish black bill is slightly curved.

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Green Mango Is a large species of hummingbird of Puerto Rico. It is usually found in the mountainous

regions of the island, often in coffee and other kinds of plantations. They usually feed on the

nectar found in Heliconia flowers.

Jamaican MangoThis species of hummingbird is found

only on the island of Jamaica and nowhere else in the world. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical

moist lowland forests.

Purple-throated CaribIt breeds on Antigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,

Montserrat, Saba, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Sint Eustatius. Also sometimes found in Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada and the Virgin Islands.

Antillean Crested HummingbirdIt is found in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados,

Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, north-east Puerto Rico, Saba, Saint-Barthélemy,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Eustatius, the

British Virgin Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

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Violet-headed HummingbirdIt is found in Bolivia, Brazil,

Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

Festive CoquetteIs a species of hummingbird found in northwestern

South America, the region of the western Amazon Basin, in the countries of northwest

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru. Bolivia, a population in Argentina,

and on the southeast coast of Brazil.

Rufous-crested CoquetteIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa

Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.

Black-crested CoquetteIt is found in Belize, Costa Rica,

Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.

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Green Thorntail Is a resident breeder from Costa Rica to

western Ecuador. It occurs at middle elevations from 700-1400 m but may

descend lower early in the wet season. In Costa Rica and Panama it is lives in the Caribbean slopes.

Red-billed StreamertailKnown as the Doctor Bird,

it is native to Jamaica.

Black-billed StreamertailIt is native to eastern Jamaica.

Golden-crowned EmeraldIt is found only in Mexico.

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Western EmeraldIt is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

male

female

Glittering-bellied EmeraldIt is found in north-eastern Argentina, eastern and central Bolivia, eastern

Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Cuban EmeraldIt is found in Cuba and the Bahamas.

male

female

Puerto Rican EmeraldFound only in the Puerto Rico.They use their long pointed

bills and long tubular tongues to probe for insects, spiders and nectar, being especially attracted to

red flowers. They can breed year-round but breeding is concentrated before the wet season starts from

February to May. The female lays two tiny white eggs (measuring 8-13 mm) in a nest cup made of grasses

and twigs. The male plays no part in the nesting process.

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White-eared HummingbirdThe breeding habitat is in pine oak forests from northern

Mexico through New Mexico to Texas to also the southernMexico ranges to southern Nicaragua. It will

regularly stray to the White Mountains, the Mogollon Rim, and the Madrean sky islands, as well as the adjoining regions

of western and southwestern New Mexico in the United States. It occasionally is found eastwards to west Texas.

Coppery-headed EmeraldIt is native to Costa Rica. Its

diet consists of nectar and small beetles.

Blue-capped HummingbirdNative to subtropical moist

forest in the southernmost portion of the Sierra Madre del Sur in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.

Stripe-tailed HummingbirdNative to subtropical moist forests

and clearings of Middle America, from the Gulf slope of southeastern Mexico to Panama.

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Broad-billed HummingbirdThe breeding habitat is in southeastern Arizona

in the southwestern United States to southwestern Mexico. Outside its breeding range, it will occasionally

stray from southernmost California to Texas and Louisiana. The female builds a nest in a protected

location in a shrub or tree.Females lay two white eggs. This hummingbird is partially migratory, retreating

from northernmost areas during the winter.

female

male

Violet-crowned WoodnymphIs a medium-sized hummingbird

found from Guatemala and Belize to northern Colombia

and western Venezuela.

Green-crowned WoodnymphIt is found in humid forest

from eastern Panama, south through western Colombia and Ecuador, to

far north-western Peru.

female

male

Violet-capped WoodnymphIt is found in forest (primarily humid), dense woodland, gardens and parks in

south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and far

north-eastern Argentina.

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Violet-bellied HummingbirdIt is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama,

and Peru; it can occasionally be seen in Costa Rica.

Gilded HummingbirdIt is found in a wide range of open and semi-open habitats in southern

Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.

White-chinned SapphireIt is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,

French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

female

maleWhite-throated Hummingbird

It is found in north-eastern Argentina, south-eastern Brazil,

Paraguay, and Uruguay.

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Buffy HummingbirdIt is found in Colombia,

French Guiana, and Venezuela.

Rufous-tailed HummingbirdBreeds from east-central Mexico,

through Central America and Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador to near the border with

Peru. This is a common to abundant bird of open country, river banks, woodland,

scrub, forest edge, coffee plantations and gardens up to 1850 m (6000 ft).

The Amazilia Hummingbird Occurs in western Peru and Ecuador.

It is generally common, and can regularly be seen even in

major cities such as Lima and Guayaquil. It prefers dry,

open or semi-open habitats, but also occurs in forest.

Cinnamon HummingbirdIt is found from northwestern

Mexico to Costa Rica.

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Versicoloured EmeraldIt occurs in northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay,

Argentina, Brazil.Sometimes can be seen in southern Venezuela, western Guyana and eastern Colombia.

Andean EmeraldFound at forest edge, woodland,

gardens and scrub in the Andes of Colombia,

Ecuador and northern Peru.

Glittering-throated EmeraldIt is found in Bolivia, Brazil,

Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,

Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

Sapphire-spangled EmeraldOccurs in Venezuela, Peru,

Bolivia and Brazil.

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Blue-chested HummingbirdIt is found in Colombia, Costa Rica,

Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.

Honduran EmeraldIt is found only in Honduras.

Steely-vented HummingbirdIt is a medium-sized hummingbird that

is a resident breeder from western Nicaragua to Costa Rica, and also

in Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.

Copper-rumped Hummingbird Is a small bird that breeds in Venezuela, Trinidad,

Tobago, and sometimes in Grenada and Venezuela.This hummingbird inhabits open country and gardens The female Copper-rumped Hummingbird lays its

eggs in a tiny cup nest on a low branch, or sometimes wires or clotheslines.

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Snowy-breasted HummingbirdIt is found in Costa Rica,

Panama and extreme north-western Colombia

(near the border with Panama).

Berylline HummingbirdThe breeding habitat is in forests and thickets of

western Mexico to central Honduras in Central America. It regularly visits Arizona where

it occasionally breeds.

White-bellied Mountain-gemIt is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

Snowcap Is a resident breeder in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

and western Panama.The nest is a small cup of plant down and cobwebs decorated with green moss or lichen, which is attached to a small twig or vine. The two white elongated eggs are incubated for just over two weeks,

and the female feeds the young on regurgitated nectar and insects.

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White-vented PlumeleteerIt is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama,

Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests,

subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer A large hummingbird resident from eastern Honduras

to northwestern Ecuador. It is also known as the Red-footed Plumeleteer.This bird inhabits forests, but has a preference for edges, gaps and secondary

growth. It occurs in the Caribbean lowlands.

Blue-throated HummingbirdThe Blue-throated Hummingbird is a fairly large

hummingbird, reaching 11.5 to 12.5 cm (4½ to 5 inches) in length and

6 to 10 grams in weight. It is native to mountain woodlands of Mexico, although

during the summer it can be seen in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas.

Purple-throated Mountain-gemBreeds in the mountains of southern

Nicaragua, northern Costa Rica and western Panama.

male

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White-throated Mountain-gemBreeds in the mountains of western

Panama and is 10.5 cm long.

female

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Gray-tailed Mountain-gemBreeds only in the mountains

of southern Costa Rica.

White-bellied Mountain-gemIt is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

Speckled HummingbirdIt is found in Argentina, Bolivia,

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

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male

female

Brazilian RubyFound in forest edge, second growth, gardens and parks in eastern Brazil

The males a highly iridescent ruby throat that can appear black from some angles.

Fawn-breasted BrilliantIt is found in Bolivia,


male

female

Violet-fronted BrilliantIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Black-throated BrilliantIt is found in Brazil, Colombia,

Ecuador, and Peru.

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male

female

Green-crowned BrilliantIs a resident breeder in the highlands from Costa Rica to western Ecuador.

The nest is a bulky cup of plant fibres and scales of tree ferns saddled on a thin downsloping branch. The female alone incubates the

two white 16.5 mm by 11 mm eggs.

Magnificent Hummingbird Is a large

hummingbird that breeds in mountains from the southwestern United States to western

Panama. The male weighs 10 g and the female 8.5 g.

Chestnut-breasted CoronetIt is found in humid montane Andean

forests in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is generally easily recognized

by its contrasting rufous underparts.

Buff-tailed Coronet It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

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Shining SunbeamIt is found in Colombia,

Ecuador, and Peru.

Ecuadorian HillstarIt is found in grassland, scrub and stunted

woodland at altitudes of 3,500 to 5,200 metres (11,500 to 17,100 ft) (no other

species of hummingbird occurs at higher altitudes) in the Andes of

Ecuador and far southern Colombia.

Mountain VelvetbreastIt is found in Colombia,

Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Bronzy IncaIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

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Brown IncaIt is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

female

male

Collared IncaFound in humid Andean forests from western Venezuela, through Colombia

and Ecuador, to Peru. Looks blackbut reflects green in sunlight.

Buff-winged StarfrontletIt is found in Colombia,

Ecuador, and Peru.

Sword-billed HummingbirdIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and

Venezuela. It is noted as the only species of bird to have a bill longer than the rest of its body. It's bill is designed to

feed on flowers with long corollas such as Passiflora mixta. The tongue is therefore also unusually long. Since the

Sword-billed Hummingbird's beak is very long, it grooms itself with its feet.The total length can be 15 cm (6 in) and

the bird can weigh 12 grams, making it one of the largest hummingbirds.

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The Great Sapphirewing It is found in Bolivia,


The Green-backed Firecrown Is a hummingbird that is found in Argentina and Chile especially the Robinson Crusoe Island, 350 miles off

the Chilean coast. The Green-back often hangs from flower petals or leaves with its feet. Their nests are built in

high branches or bushes. They like to eat insects, inch worms, and nectar from flowers.

Juan Fernández FirecrownThe Juan Fernández Firecrown

is a hummingbird found solely on Isla Róbinson Crusoe, one of a three-island

archipelago belonging to Chile. It is non-migratory and

shares the island with the smaller Green-backed Firecrown.

Orange-throated SunangelIt is found in Colombia and Venezuela.

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Glowing PufflegIt is found in Colombia, Ecuador,

Peru, and Venezuela.

Sapphire-vented PufflegIt is found in Colombia,

Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Golden-breasted PufflegIt is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Hoary Puffleg

It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

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Purple-bibbed Whitetip It is found in the humid Chocó forest

in Colombia and Ecuador.

Rufous-vented WhitetipIt is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

Booted Racket-tailIt is found in the Andean cordillera of

Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela; Venezuela also has a population on the northern coast.

Black-tailed TrainbearerIt is found in Colombia,

Ecuador, and Peru.

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Green-tailed TrainbearerIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela

Red-tailed CometIs a medium-sized hummingbird found

in the central Andes of Bolivia and Argentina.

Tyrian MetaltailIt is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Rainbow-Bearded ThornbillIt is found in Colombia,

Ecuador, and Peru.

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Violet-tailed Sylph Is a species of hummingbird found in Colombia and Ecuador. Males average around 7 inches,

(18 cm), in height, while females average around 3.8 inches (9.7 cm).

Black-eared FairyIt is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru,

Suriname, and Venezuela.

Purple-crowned FairyIs a large hummingbird that breeds

in the lowlands and hills from southeastern Mexico south to

southwestern Ecuador.

Blue-tufted Starthroat It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,

Paraguay, Uruguay, and possibly Ecuador.

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Magenta-throated WoodstarResident breeder in forest edge and

scrub in Costa Rica and western Panama.

Purple-throated WoodstarIt is found in Colombia and Ecuador.

Amethyst WoodstarIt is found in most of central, and eastern South

America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana,

Suriname, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela.

male

female

Ruby-throated HummingbirdIt is the only species of hummingbird that regularly nests

east of the Mississippi River in North America.

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Black-chinned HummingbirdTheir breeding habitat is near water in the western United States, northern Mexico

and southern British Columbia.

male

femaleAnna's Hummingbird

Is a medium-sized hummingbird native to the west coast of North America.

This bird was named after Anna Masséna, Duchess of Rivoli.

Costa's HummingbirdThe Costa's Hummingbird is fairly common in the arid brushy deserts and any nearby

gardens of the Southwestern United States and the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico.

Bumblebee HummingbirdIt is found in Mexico

and the United States.

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Calliope HummingbirdA very small hummingbird

and the smallest bird found in Canada

and the United States.

White-bellied WoodstarIt is found in Bolivia,


Scintillant Hummingbird Is the smallest hummingbird within its range, which

includes only the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama.This tiny bird inhabits brushy forest edges,

coffee plantations and sometimes gardens.

female

male

Volcano HummingbirdBreeds only in the mountains of Costa

Rica and Chiriqui, Panama.

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Broad-tailed HummingbirdThe summer range of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird extends

across the Western United States, areas of northern Mexico and Guatemala. At summer's end the northerly birds migrate and overwinter in the southern part of their range. , and is regularly seen in El Salvador where it does not breed.

female

male

Rufous HummingbirdTheir breeding habitat is open areas and forest

edges in western North America from southern Alaska to California.

Allen's HummingbirdThe Allen's Hummingbird is common only in the brushy woods, gardens, and meadows of coastal California from Santa Barbara north,

and a small portion of lower Oregon.

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* Directions: To make a pocket for your cards. Cut out cards. Cut out pocket.Fold pocket in half. Lightly glue sides but not the top to make a pocket for your cards. *

Hummingbird CardsSa

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HummingbirdsOptional

Questions

1.) Hummingbirds are birds that make up the family _______________________________________

2.) Hummingbirds can hover in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings how many times per second?_______________________________________

3.) Hummingbirds can fly at speeds exceeding _______________________________________.

4.) What is the largest hummingbird in the world?_______________________________________

5.) What is the smallest hummingbird in the world?_______________________________________

6.) What is the largest hummingbird in North America?

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_______________________________________

7.) What is the smallest hummingbird in North America?_______________________________________

8.) What do hummingbirds eat? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9.) Name five insects hummingbirds eat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10.) Hummingbirds may visit how many flowers per day?_______________________________________

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11.) What do baby hummingbirds eat?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12.) Why shouldn't you use honey in your hummingbird feeder?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13.) Hummingbirds enter a hibernation-like state known as _______________________________________.

14.) What is topor?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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15.) What is metabolism?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16.) A hummingbird can rotate each of its wings how?_______________________________________

17.) Explain how hummingbirds hover.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

18.) Explain how a hummingbird gets it color.______________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19.) In many hummingbird species, what is used to bind the nest material together and secure the structure to its support?_______________________________________

20.) The unique properties of silk allow the nest to what? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

21.) How many eggs does a hummingbird lay?_______________________________________

22.) Egg incubation lasts about how long?_______________________________________

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23.) Where do hummingbirds live?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

24.) Hummingbirds feed by sight on regularly followed routes called what?_______________________________________

25.) Name five plants that attract hummingbirds.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

26.) What three colors are hummingbirds really attracted to?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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