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  • Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on ...Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on the Topside for Digital ICs By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module
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P365, EN Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on the Topside for Digital ICs By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module Business Manager Sam Young, Applications Engineer Linear Technology Faster IC-to-IC data communication benefits us all with more capable systems from higher quality video streaming to more capable networking equipment. This flow of more data in shorter time periods exerts pressure on system designers to tackle the everlasting challenge of data quality by minimizing unintended induced errors especially those stemming from PCB layouts, trace imped- ance, cross talk, EMI and other factors. So, it makes sense to shorten distances between IC that are in constant communication with each other and add more layers to the PCB which constitute a denser circuit boards. Doing so starts another battle: the fight to fit as many ICs and connectors on top of PCB without increasing the cost of the end-product. The cost is in large percentage associ- ated with the size and thickness of the PCB. For smaller size boards and fewer PCB layers, some- times the question becomes which components need to be removed or which functions must be eliminated to reduce the manufacturing cost albeit, the resale value of the device may be in jeop- ardy. It’s a fight to fit performance and features. The top side of system boards such as PCIe cards are densely populated with FPGA/ASIC/µP, transceivers, connectors, memory ICs and DC/DC regulator circuits of various heights up to a few centimeters. However, the back side often has a height restriction where only components with less than 2.3mm tall packages such as capacitors are allowed and much of real estate is unoccu- pied. What if this empty PCB area could be used by DC/DC regulator circuits uncluttering the top side allowing use of more memory ICs, for example, adding to the system’s capability? The top side of system boards such as PCIe cards are densely populated with FPGA/ASIC/uP, transceivers, connectors, memory ICs and DC/DC regulator circuits of various heights up to a few centimeters. However, the back side often has a height restriction where only components with less than 2.3mm tall packages such as capacitors are allowed and much of real estate is unoccupuied. What if this empty PCB area could be used by DC/DC regulator circuits uncluttering the top side allowing use of more memory ICs, for example, adding to the system’s capability? The LTM4622 is a dual 2.5A or by tying the outputs in current sharing, single 5A, step-down µModule® (power module) regulator in 6.25mm × 6.25mm × 1.82mm ultrathin LGA package. At nearly the height of a soldered down 0805 case size capacitor, its ultralow height allows it to be mounted on the backside of a PCB, freeing space on the topside for digital ICs. The thin profile allows it to meet demanding height re- strictions such as those required by PCIe and Advanced Mezzanine Cards in embedded computing systems.

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Page 1: Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on ...Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on the Topside for Digital ICs By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module

P365, EN

PlaceDC/DCRegulatorsonBacksideofPCBtoClearRoomontheTopsideforDigitalICs

By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module Business Manager Sam Young, Applications Engineer

Linear Technology

FasterIC-to-ICdatacommunicationbenefitsusallwithmorecapablesystemsfromhigherqualityvideostreamingtomorecapablenetworkingequipment.ThisflowofmoredatainshortertimeperiodsexertspressureonsystemdesignerstotackletheeverlastingchallengeofdataqualitybyminimizingunintendedinducederrorsespeciallythosestemmingfromPCBlayouts,traceimped-ance,crosstalk,EMIandotherfactors.So,itmakessensetoshortendistancesbetweenICthatareinconstantcommunicationwitheachotherandaddmorelayerstothePCBwhichconstituteadensercircuitboards.Doingsostartsanotherbattle:thefighttofitasmanyICsandconnectorsontopofPCBwithoutincreasingthecostoftheend-product.Thecostisinlargepercentageassoci-atedwiththesizeandthicknessofthePCB.ForsmallersizeboardsandfewerPCBlayers,some-timesthequestionbecomeswhichcomponentsneedtoberemovedorwhichfunctionsmustbeeliminatedtoreducethemanufacturingcostalbeit,theresalevalueofthedevicemaybeinjeop-ardy.It’safighttofitperformanceandfeatures.

ThetopsideofsystemboardssuchasPCIecardsaredenselypopulatedwithFPGA/ASIC/µP,transceivers,connectors,memoryICsandDC/DCregulatorcircuitsofvariousheightsuptoafewcentimeters.However,thebacksideoftenhasaheightrestrictionwhereonlycomponentswithlessthan2.3mmtallpackagessuchascapacitorsareallowedandmuchofrealestateisunoccu-pied.Whatifthisempty PCBareacouldbeusedbyDC/DCregulatorcircuitsunclutteringthetopsideallowinguseofmorememoryICs,forexample,addingtothesystem’scapability?ThetopsideofsystemboardssuchasPCIecardsaredenselypopulatedwithFPGA/ASIC/uP,transceivers,connectors,memoryICsandDC/DCregulatorcircuitsofvariousheightsuptoafewcentimeters.However,thebacksideoftenhasaheightrestrictionwhereonlycomponentswithlessthan2.3mmtallpackagessuchascapacitorsareallowedandmuchofrealestateisunoccupuied.WhatifthisemptyPCBareacouldbeusedbyDC/DCregulatorcircuitsunclutteringthetopsideallowinguseofmorememoryICs,forexample,addingtothesystem’scapability?

TheLTM4622isadual2.5Aorbytyingtheoutputsincurrentsharing,single5A,step-downµModule®(powermodule)regulatorin6.25mm×6.25mm×1.82mmultrathinLGApackage.Atnearlytheheightofasoldereddown0805casesizecapacitor,itsultralowheightallowsittobemountedonthebacksideofaPCB,freeingspaceonthetopsidefordigitalICs.Thethinprofileallowsittomeetdemandingheightre-strictionssuchasthoserequiredbyPCIeandAdvancedMezzanineCardsinembeddedcomputingsystems.

Page 2: Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on ...Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on the Topside for Digital ICs By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module

Figure1.LTM4622TinyDualSupplyinUltrathinPackage

MirroredLayoutforHigherPower,SmallerPCB

TheLTM4622’spinconfigurationisorganizedsymmetrically,soforhighercurrentapplicationswheretwoLTM4622scanbeparallel,onedevicecanbeonthetopsideofPCBandtheothermirroredonthebottomside,minimizingPCBareawhileincreasingoutputpowerandpowerdensity.

Flexible Dual Supply in a Simple < 0.5cm2 Footprint

TheLTM4622hasawideinputvoltagerangeof3.6Vto20V,idealanditcanalsobeconfiguredtooperatedownto3.1Vforoperationfroma3.3Vinputsupply.Itregulatestwovoltagesforacompactmulti-railsolu-tionwhereeachoutputcansupplyupto2.5A(3Apeak)andiscapableofpreciselyregulatingbetween0.6Vto5.5Vtowith1.5%maximumtotalDCoutputvoltageerroroverline,loadandtemperature.Forhigheroutputcurrentupto5A,simplytietheoutputsforcurrentsharing.

TheLTM4622requiresonly3ceramiccapacitorsand2resistorstocompleteasolutionoccupyinglessthan1cm2

single-sidedor0.5cm2onadouble-sidedPCB.

Figure2showstheLTM4622circuitinatypicaldualoutputapplication,alsoillustratingitscompactsolutionsize.Efficiencyandpowerlossforthecircuitoperatingata12VinputareshowninFigure3.

Figure2.TypicalApplication:1.5V/2.5A,1.2V/2.5ADual

Page 3: Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on ...Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on the Topside for Digital ICs By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module

Figure3.Efficiency,Lossat12VInput(Fig.2)

Reliable High Performance Regulation

TheLTM4622hasacontrolledon-timecurrent-modearchitectureforafasttransientwithgoodloopstabil-ityoverawidevoltagerange.Itprovidessystemprotectionsuchasshort-circuit,overvoltageandover-temperatureaswellasensuresmonotonicoutputvoltagerampingwithtracking,soft-startandtheabilitytostartintoapre-biasedoutput.Italsohasnolimitationoninputsupplyslewrate.

Figures4and5demonstratethefasttransientandpre-biasstart-upperformancesforthe1.5VoutputrailofFigure2circuit.

Figure4.12VIN,1.5VOUT1.25A-2.5ALoadStep(Fig.2)

Figure5.12VIN,1.8VOUTStart-upintoPre-BiasedOutput

Page 4: Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on ...Place DC/DC Regulators on Backside of PCB to Clear Room on the Topside for Digital ICs By Afshin Odabaee, Power Module

ParallelOperationforHigherCurrentApplicationsTheLTM4622’scurrent-modearchitecturegivesitgoodandreliablecycle-by-cyclecurrentmonitoringal-lowingforitsoutputstobeparalleledtogethertosupportloadcurrentsofupto5A.

Figures6and7demonstratethegoodthermalandcurrentsharingperformanceoftheLTM4622whileconfiguredforatwooutputscurrentsharing,generatinga3.3Vat5Afroma5Vinput.

Figure6.VIN=5V,VOUT=3.3V/5A,TA=25CThermals

Figure7.VIN=5V,VOUT=3.3V/5ACurrentSharing

ConclusionTheultrathinLTM4622providesahighperformanceregulatorforsingleandmulti-railapplications.Itswideoperatingrange,featuresandcompactsolutionsizemakeitahighlyflexibleandrobustsolutioncapableoffittingintothetightestspacesontopsideandbacksideofaPCB.


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