Physical Science is Important to YOU!!

• Central to life?

• Affects us constantly!!– Motion: autos, sports– How our bodies function– Use and development of medicines– Technology that we rely on

Always try to keep in mindScience is FUN!!

Balloons

• What happened?

• Was there a difference?

• Why was there a difference?– An important word in this class and in

science--WHY

Map of Salisbury UniversityFind where you are on this map.

MAP of Henson Science Hall

row of windows

1st Floor

elevator

Can you get the same information from both

maps?

What is the difference between the two maps?

DRAWN TO DIFFERENT

SCALES

HS 103

Difference Between Two Maps

• Scale!!!

• See what appears to be different things when really looking at same thing

Scale

• Some common scales in science– Macroscale– Microscale– Nanoscale

• Which is bigger, an object that is easily measured on the macroscale or an object that is easily measure on the molecular scale (nanoscale)?

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• What happened?

• Macroscopic vs nanoscale

• Chemical ReactionBefore After

H H

H HO O

HO

HO

H

H

Scale

• Which scale most important?– Microscopic and macroscopic behavior

determined by objects at the nanoscale level

A Closer Look at the Nanoscale

• Consider a piece of ice from our macroscopic view

A Closer Look at the Nanoscale

• Consider ice from a nanoscale view

This is a tiny piece from the block of

ice

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

Divide block of ice in half

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

• If divided over and over, eventually reach smallest particle that is a particle of ice

• the water molecule

to have water (solid, liquid, or gas) must have THIS particle

this is the fundamental particle of water

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

• a molecule has two or more atoms chemically combined (through covalent bonds)

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

If we have these

Although we have some hydrogen atoms and some oxygen atoms present (as we do in water), we DO NOT have water here

Hydrogen Molecules

Oxygen Molecules

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

• The fundamental particle identifies whether substance is an element or compound

• Elements– substances that consist of only one type of

atom – have only one type of atom in their fundamental particle

– hydrogen, oxygen, or mercury for example

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

• Compounds– two or more different types of atoms

chemically bound together in the fundamental particle

– ice for example• Fundamental particle of ice is a molecule

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

• Substances (samples) in the real world will contain LOTS of fundamental particles

• Whether or not these particles are all the same or different determines whether the substance is a pure substance or a mixture– mixtures have more than one type of fundamental

particle present– pure substances have only one type of

fundamental particle present

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

• It is true that all substances are made of atoms, but the atom is not necessarily the fundamental particle of the substance

• Based upon the fundamental particles present in a sample, substances may be classified into the following categories– element, compound, pure substance, mixture

Looking at the Nanoscale: the Fundamental Particle

In summary• Fundamental Particles may be

– Atoms– Molecules– (not talk about now – ions)

• Samples/substances may be classified by fundamental particles– Element– Compound– Pure Substance– Mixture

• Examples to try (Page 14)

Cards