DISPATCHES 1

DISPATCHES VOLUME 6 NUMBER 1APRIL 1999

PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING

STCOMMANDER 1 CANADIAN DIVISION

FOREWORD

The manner by which the army conducts fitness training is an emotional issue, yet one that we all realise is fundamental to a combat capable force. Over the past several years, fitness training has evolved to a point where, due in part to lack of clear and achievable direction, leaders at all levels have taken actions they have deemed appropriate to meet the needs of the army. In many cases, however, the background of these leaders has not equipped them with the appropriate knowledge to effectively make these decisions. The result is a less than optimised approach to fitness training and one that has caused considerable frustration throughout the chain of command.

I firmly believe that all leaders are approaching this subject in the most positive and effective manner possible, given the limitations of background and experience. I also believe that leaders have done a more than credible job in meeting the ultimate aim of fitness training, that being to optimise operational effectiveness. However, due to the lack of knowledge and training, fitness training has often been poorly planned, supervised and conducted, and served little purpose other than increasing dissatisfaction. The result, in many cases has been training that at best, does not contribute to any improvement in operational capability, and at worst, results in preventable injury. As leaders we must do better.

The army, and specifically the Directorate of Army Training, is presently revising the overall fitness training strategy. In some cases, the results will be apparent to you in the very near future. In other instances the results will take much longer to be implemented as they involve fundamental change. The intent of this issue of Dispatches is to identify some of the problems we face right now with our present approach to fitness training. Based on lessons of both a recent and historic nature, it will provide short term solutions that can be readily implemented and have an immediate impact on improving the effectiveness of fitness training. This booklet will also outline some of the more significant actions that will be initiated to improve the conduct of this training in the army.

I do not want to leave the wrong impression. It is not my intent that these changes signal the adoption of a Club Med approach to fitness training. Rather, they begin the process of change that will ultimately provide leaders with the appropriate knowledge to effectively plan and supervise the conduct of fitness training. As importantly, the army fitness strategy will provide a common framework upon which this training will be based. This new strategy will depend on changes to policy and to some extent to our culture. While we strive to this end, it is to the benefit of each of you to make use of the lessons and tips provided in this issue of Dispatches, and to take those steps now possible to improve the fitness training over which you have influence.

M.K. Jeffery

Major General

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PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING

Table of Contents

PART PAGE

ONE - INTRODUCTION3

TWO - THE ALLC PHYSICAL FITNESS QUESTIONNAIRE 4

THREE - TERMINOLOGY 5

FOUR - PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS, STANDARDS AND POLICIES 6

FIVE - PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING CONDUCTED AT LFC UNITS 1 0

SIX - REMEDIAL PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING - PUNISHMENT OR ASSISTANCE? 1 4

SEVEN - PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING ON LFC COURSES1 6

EIGHT - TRAINING OUR LEADERS TO ORGANIZE AND CONDUCT PFT 1 9

NINE - PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING AND LFC RESERVES2 3

TEN - PENSION IMPLICATIONS OF PERFORMING PFT ON YOUR OWN TIME 2 5

ELEVEN - GENERAL POINTS3 0

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PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

We all recognise the importance of physical fitness to military personnel, in particular to soldiers serving in the army. While all soldiers will agree on this basic tenant, to a large extent, this is where agreement ends. When asked how physically fit they need to be, and how best to achieve and maintain that level of physical fitness, there are as many opinions as there are soldiers who are asked. Recently, the ALLC in fact did pose questions of this nature to the army, and the analysis of the survey forms the basis for this edition of Dispatches. While there were many very strong opinions on the various aspects of physical fitness training (PFT), the one area where there was agreement concerned the role the chain of command must play in the conduct and supervision of this training. Leaders, in particular those in the combat arms, are not willing to turn this important task over to agencies outside the chain of command. The question we must therefore ask ourselves is have we done enough, both as an institution and as individual leaders, to undertake this important task?

Over the past several months, the ALLC collected information on this subject from various levels of the chain of command and through feedback received from the ALLC PFT Questionnaire. While the analysis of this information did not produce startling revelations in terms of an easy and quick fix to the problems identified, it did highlight several important issues where we can do better with some very easy to implement changes. Fundamental changes are also necessary, which will be addressed by the army over time and by formal means. The main conclusion drawn from the analysis is that there is a definite lack of EDUCATION and TRAINING of leaders, particularly junior leaders, in the organization, conduct and supervision of physical fitness training in the army today.

AIM

The aim of this issue of Dispatches will be to provide information to LFC personnel on issues related to physical fitness policies, standards and training, with a view to improving the understanding and overall effectiveness of PFT.

This issue will not only highlight problems with PFT, but also offer possible solutions. It will attempt to clarify misunderstandings and misconceptions on physical fitness policies, standards, and training. Lastly, it will provide soldiers a view of actions being taken to address the deficiencies that have been identified to date.

“In operational theatres, people who are physically unable to do their jobs are a hazard not only to themselves but others! For example a driver with not enough strength to tighten the wheel nuts on a vehicle will have an unsafe vehicle.”

Corporal, Crewman, Armoured Regiment

“When the buttons on a DEU uniform become a direct fire weapon, the answer is not always to get a bigger uniform!”

Infantry Officer, RSS Reserve Infantry Unit

“We are paid to defend Canada and we must be in good shape.”

Warrant Officer, Combat Engineer, Combat Engineer Regiment

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PART TWO - THE ALLC PHYSICAL FITNESSTRAINING QUESTIONNAIRE

Early in the development of this issue of Dispatches, the ALLC circulated a questionnaire amongst LFC HQs and units in order to get an impression of how the army viewed the topic of physical fitness training. Units were asked to have 15 members respond to the questionnaire, but were also encouraged to have more complete it if they wished. By 25 January 1999 the ALLC had received 1265 replies. Of these replies, 739 were from Regular Force members and 496 were from Reservists. Over 80% of the replies were from Warrant Officers and below and there was a good cross section of all units and trades. More than half of the replies received included up to three or more pages of comments and recommendations. All of the replies were read and a list of common observations was compiled. The observations were analyzed by the ALLC staff in order to identify trends and the possible cause(s) of those trends.

The ALLC PFT Questionnaire and the subsequent analysis were not designed to be scientific studies capable of producing vast quantities of statistics to support changes to policies. The questionnaire was intended to promote feed back from soldiers that could be used as an indication of attitudes towards PFT with a view to developing a more accurate issue of Dispatches. The volume and quality of the feedback surpassed expectations and provided useful insight into successes and problems with PFT. We believe it has resulted in the identification of several areas where improvements to PFT and education can be made.

“Definitely the PT could have been improved. Add some variety so that the members who don't work out often would have an interest in working out. They have to think of it as being fun not a chore or a task. They need encouragement and higher morale.”

Corporal, RMS Clerk, Reserve Bde HQ

“Careers are made or broken on a man's ability to run! Yet do we run when we go on a tactical exercise? No! Do we run when we go to war? Hopefully not! Then why is running so important in our PT program?”

MWO, Infantry, Infantry Battalion

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PART THREE - TERMINOLOGYBefore we proceed any further it is very important that we clarify the key

terms related to this subject and that will be used in this issue. Replies to the questionnaire indicated that some of the confusion that exists today on physical fitness is directly related to the improper use or misunderstanding of terminology. Lets look at the following:

Ø CF Exercise Prescription (CF EXPRES) Program. This is the term used to describe the CF approach to maintaining and measuring physical fitness.

Ø The Minimum Physical Fitness Standard Test (better known as the CF EXPRES Test). This test consists of sit-ups, push-ups and a hand grip test to assess muscular strength as well as the two following aerobic tests:

Ø The 20 Metre Shuttle Run (20 MSR). Effective 1 April 1999, this became the primary aerobic fitness test for the CF. Performance of this test by personnel over 40 years of age is subject to an assessment of their health: and

Ø The Step Test. Effective 1 April 1999, this became the secondary aerobic fitness test for the CF. Personnel deemed to be at risk in conducting the 20 MSR will be tested using the Step Test.

Ø The LFC Physical Fitness Standard (LFCPFS). The LFCPFS was designed specifically for LFC and consists of a 13-kilometre march carrying 24.5 kilograms of personal equipment, webbing, helmet and weapon. This is followed by a 100-metre casualty carry of a soldier carrying the same equipment less rucksack in one minute. The march must be completed within 2 hours and 26 minutes.

Ø The Basic Military Swimming Standard Test. It is conducted in a swimming pool and involves entering the swimming pool, remaining afloat and swimming set distances with and without the assistance of a lifejacket. The standard for this test can be found at CFAO 50-4 Annex A.

Ø CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standard (CFMPFS). The minimum physical fitness standard that must be maintained by all CF personnel. This is the standard that must be met by personnel being tested using the CF EXPRES Test. This standard is described in CFAO 50-1 and LFCO 24-2 Annex A.

Ø Incentive Level CF EXPRES Program. A program designed to encourage soldiers being evaluated using the CF EXPRES Test to achieve a higher standard that the CFMPFS. The scores for this program are contained in Appendix 2, Annex A to LFCO 24-2. Soldiers who meet this standard are granted an exemption from the conduct of the CF EXPRES test for one year.

Ø Physical Fitness Training Objectives. Those training objectives set by Commanders, Commanding Officers and other members of the chain of command to help ensure that personnel are ready to carry out their duties, particularly those in the field and that they are ready to undergo physical fitness testing. Training objectives, such a "CO's Challenge" should be regarded as progressive gateways through which soldiers are expected to pass prior to going onto another activity. They are not physical fitness standards like the LFCPFS and the CFMPFS.

Ø CF Personnel Support Agency (CFPSA). Its mission is to provide fitness, sports and recreation services, including support to deployed operations and military family support. They have replaced the former Physical Education and Recreation Instructors (PERI's). All CFPSA staff members possess, as a minimum, First Aid, CPR, Canadian Physical Activity Fitness and Lifestyle Appraiser, National Life Guard and numerous officiating and coaching

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PART FOUR - PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS,STANDARDS AND POLICIES

The topics of physical fitness tests, standards and policies generated a lot of feedback from personnel in the field. The replies received indicated a misunderstanding of some terms and policies and a general dissatisfaction with the tests and standards themselves and the way they are applied. Specifically the analysis indicated:

Ø The majority of respondents do not believe that the present LFC physical fitness standards or the manner in which they are applied demand the required level of physical fitness to be an effective soldier. This opinion is virtually unanimous amongst the combat arms.

Ø The requirement to achieve physical fitness standards only once per year does not provide incentive for all soldiers to maintain a good level of physical fitness throughout the year.

Ø The perception that the current LFC physical fitness standards are inadequate has led unit commanding officers to designate a host of varying PFT objectives to be achieved by their soldiers. These training objectives are often confused with Army Standards.

Ø There is little or no emphasis today on swimming as a skill in the army.

Ø There is a genuine belief that the current CF and LFC physical fitness standards are the chief contributors to a perceived increase in number of obese and poorly conditioned soldiers within the CF and the army.

Ø Frequent changes to LFC physical fitness standards have created a great deal of confusion and cynicism amongst many soldiers with regards to what physical fitness standards actually apply to them. This is particularly true amongst long serving Senior NCOs, who regard this as a failure by the leadership to establish and stick to realistic and challenging standards. The existence of this confusion and cynicism must be taken into account as a significant factor when considering future changes to physical fitness policy.

PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS FOR LFC PERSONNEL

There are four authorized physical fitness tests that can be used to test LFC personnel. They are as follows:

Ø LFCPFS applies to deployable Regular Force units and HQs which include all Regular Force field units and Brigade HQs, 1 Canadian Division HQ and 1 Canadian Division HQ and Signals Regiment and 1 Canadian Division

“It was clear that there was a problem with the standards as they kept changing. There was the 1.5 mile run in boots, the 2 x 16, the 13 km rucksack march with fireman's carry, the 1 Brigade Individual Fitness Test and the Warrior 3.5 km run. We could not seem to get it right. Interspersed, but constant throughout was the CF EXPRES test. Consistency in the test would be of great value as a cynical attitude developed among the soldiers as each new system was introduced and canceled.”

Captain, Artillery, RSSO Reserve Artillery Regiment

“There are so many standards, I don't know what the standard is. We have the General Water's Test, the 13-km test, the PT 400 test, the CO's Challenge, the 3.2 km test and the 10-km fun run!”

MWO Infantry, Infantry Battalion

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Ø

Ø

“Even though it doesn't make sense, I like having a test where men and women have the same standard because I'm fit and enjoy showing the guys that I can beat them at their own game.”

Captain, Signal Officer, Combat Arms Unit

CF EXPRES Test Applies to non-deployable Regular Force units and HQs that include the Land Staff in Ottawa and Kingston, Land Force Area HQs and LFC Base Hqs. Combat divers must achieve and maintain a standard on the CF EXPRES Test which is described at CFAO 43-2, Annex A.

Basic Military Swimming Standard Test. Applies to all LFC Regular Force units and Hqs. The composition of the test and the standard to be achieved can be found at CFAO 50-4, Annex A. This test is normally completed during entry level training.

Ø Entrance Test for the Basic Parachutist Course. Applies to all personnel undergoing Basic Parachutist Training and other selected courses.

WHO CAN DEVELOP AND ASSIGN PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS AND STANDARDS FOR LFC?

Ø In accordance with CFAO 50-1, due to varying operational and training requirements, the Commander LFC has the authority to introduce special physical fitness tests or standards that exceed the CF minimum requirements. The LFCPFS falls into this category, as it is not used to evaluate personnel serving in AIRCOM or MARCOM.

Ø These evaluations or standards must be developed in conjunction with Director Physical Education and the Chief of Health Services (formerly known as the Surgeon General) staffs.

Ø The Commander LFC has not delegated this authority at this time.

DID YOU KNOW THAT?Ø The army chose not to participate in the

development of the standards (CFMPFS) for the CF EXPRES Test. Consequently the current standards were developed based purely on participation by Airforce and Navy personnel. In 1999 the CFMPFS will be revalidated and the army will be represented by soldiers from 2 CMBG.

Ø That the original LFCPFS which was developed for the army included two additional tasks, a trench dig and an ammo box lift. Both were to be completed immediately after the 13-kilometre march and the casualty carry. The maximal dig consisted of shovelling ½ cubic metre gravel (equivalent to a trench 1.8 m x 0.6 m x 0.45 m in dimensions) from one standardized box to another in six minutes using a standard shovel.The ammo box lift consisted of lifting 48 x 7.62 mm ammo crates, weighing 20.9 kilograms each, to the height of 1.3 metres (equivalent to the bed of a MLVW) within five minutes. The maximal dig and ammo box lift tasks were not accepted by Command Council in 1991 as it was believed that they would

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“These standards are ridiculous! A female who is 20 years old has to do only two more push-ups than a female who is 54. There is not enough difference in what is required for the age gaps. Who in their right mind expects a female 54 years old to do push-ups!!!! I can do the required seven.”

CPO2, RMS Clerk, Unit Unknown

WHY DID THE 3.2 KILOMETRE RUN FROM THE WARRIOR PROGRAM DISAPPEAR?

Ø Contrary to CFAO 50-1, the 3.2 kilometre run was not developed in conjunction with DPE or the Chief of Health Services staffs. In fact both organizations had significant concerns with the test, particularly with regards to the conduct of running in combat boots (see RUNNING IN COMBAT BOOTS WHY WAS IT STOPPED).

Ø The validity of the 3.2 kilometre run was being challenged at an increasing rate at all levels, from Area Commanders on down, and no research had been completed to support it.

Ø Questions began to be raised about the army's ability to demand that Class "A" soldiers conduct work up training for this test on their own time. There were also concerns about the lack of pension coverage for Reserve soldiers if they were injured while conducting PFT on their own time. The answers to these questions are still being sought by staff at various levels.

Ø All of these factors were taken into account and discussed at Army Council. On 25 November 1997, Commander LFC decided to cancel the conduct of the 3.2 kilometre run and to institute the LFCPFS as the physical fitness test for deployable units and the CF EXPRES Test as the test for non-deployable units.

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RUNNING IN COMBAT BOOTS WHY WAS IT STOPPED?Ø Many replies to the PFT Questionnaire included comments on the order to

stop running in combat boots as part of PFT. Many soldiers did not know or understand the background behind the decision or believe that running in combat boots is a good idea that should not have been halted. Here are some important points to understand on this issue. Our combat boots were not designed with prolonged running / jogging in mind. They lack three of the most important characteristics for good running footwear, which are:

Ø Shock absorption. This is especially crucial for male soldiers who weigh more than 82 kilos (180 pounds) and women who weigh more than 68 (150 pounds); for middle-aged soldiers whose joints are likely to have lost some of their natural cushioning; and for soldiers who have high or low arches. The combat boot lacks shock absorbing material in the sole or a built in arch support to cushion the constant pounding of running / jogging. Instead of the boot absorbing the shock, the person's soft tissues and joints serve this function, subjecting them to repetitive strain and injury;

Ø Stability. Although it provides relatively good stability for the ankles, the combat boot's lack of built in arch support provides no stability to the arch of the foot during running / jogging. Again this lack of stability places excess stress and strain on the person's body; and

Ø Flexibility. The rigid sole of the combat boot can cause overuse injuries in the foot, (e.g. Achilles Tendonitis), knee, hip and lower back.

Ø The order to cease running in combat boots was never meant to apply to activities such as tactical training, shoot-to-live training and testing and other similar activities.

Ø Running / jogging in combat boots as a form of PFT may not cause immediate injury. If however it is carried out over an extended period of time it can result in degenerative chronic problems that will only worsen over the course of the soldier's career.

ONGOING WORK WITH PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS, STANDARDS AND POLICIES

Ø The addition of the maximal dig and ammo lift tasks to the LFCPFS is under consideration at this time.

Ø No other changes to the physical fitness standards or their application will be considered until the army staff can take a long-term view of the army's requirements. The number of changes to PFT standards over the past years demands that any significant change to our standards be given careful consideration.

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PART FIVE - PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAININGCONDUCTED AT LFC UNITS

"Okay fall in! MCpl Bloggins, you haven't lead PFT yet so its your turn this morning! Lets have a warm up and then we'll go for a run (or march). Okay, okay, that's enough of a warm up, we aren't going to have time for a run. Good warm up Bloggins, just watch those knee bends! Get into three ranks and let's go! [ 25-30 minutes later] Good run people, lets do some cool down exercises! [2-3 minutes later] Hey, I'm freezing my ass off here; I'm cool enough. Good, enough cool down, hit the showers and I'll see you at the vehicles in 40 minutes.”

For how many of you who are reading this issue of Dispatches, would this be a typical morning PFT experience? According to the majority of the respondents to the PFT Questionnaire, this is very typical of their unit or sub-unit PFT. Should it be? Soldiers were virtually unanimous in saying that they felt that PFT with their unit or individually helped them either in the work place or just generally to wake up, feel better, work off stress and combat boredom. Their comments however on the quality and content of their unit's PFT program generally indicated that there was significant room for improvement.

The analysis of the comments received from the questionnaire regarding the organization and conduct of PFT conducted at LFC units led to the following conclusions:

Ø Taskings and training schedules hamper LFC units in the conduct of progressive and challenging PFT. The priority assigned to PFT varies from unit to unit and from commanding officer to commanding officer.

Ø There are no standardized PFT programs for use by LFC units other than the recommended work up training for the LFCPFS, which is provided in LFCO 24 -2. In general, the only consistency in PFT programs amongst LFC units is an over dependence on running and marching as means of developing physical fitness. A detailed and progressive approach to developing upper body strength is the exception rather than the rule.

Ø Similar to individual training courses, unit PFT programs emphasize training in groups in order to develop group cohesion. There is little or no emphasis on identifying and developing or improving individual strengths and weaknesses in physical conditioning.

Ø PFT in units is often conducted by leaders who possess inadequate training to do so. Supervisors generally lack the necessary training to adequately supervise the conduct of PFT.

“Almost all aspects of fitness are based on a person's ability to run, period!”

Sergeant, Signals, Headquarters and Signals Squadron

“The unit PT is done so sporadically and with such little thought as to be almost useless!”

Corporal, Crewman, Armoured Regiment

“It seems to me that the CF in general puts a lot of emphasis on running, as with my unit. Because of this reason, I do not feel that it prepares me to perform my job in garrison or the field. I am saying this because from day to day I do not run from point A to B within my unit to perform my job.”

Gunner, Artilleryman, Artillery Regiment

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Ø There is little or no emphasis on swimming in unit PFT programs. It is not clear whether this is due to a lack of facilities, a lack of a clear policy at the army level or the perception by commanders that this is not an important skill in which their troops should be proficient.

Ø There is no evidence of the consistent employment of CFPSA staff to assist in or supervise the conduct of normal or remedial PFT within combat arms units. Employment of CFPSA personnel is based purely on the willingness of those unit personnel involved in the organization and conduct of such training to have the CFPSA staff involved. The units most likely to employ CFPSA staff in that role are smaller / minor units or HQs.

DO'S AND DON'T'S FOR PFT ACCORDING TO DOCTORS AND PHYSIOTHERAPISTS

Doctors and physiotherapists are often the first people to see the results of poorly conducted PFT. The following is a short list of "Do's" and "Don't's" from their point of view.

DO'S

Ø Ensure you allocate sufficient time for warm up and cool down exercises. For example, a fifty-minute PFT period should consist of approximately a 10 minute warm up, 30 minutes of activity and 10 minutes of cool down.

Ø Hold stretches for at least 20-30 seconds. A muscle can't tell the difference between trauma (a pull) and a stretch for the first fifteen seconds. Initially its first reaction is to resist. After fifteen seconds it will begin to relax and return to its most efficient resting position.

Ø Increase pace and duration of PFT gradually and progressively.

Ø Vary your PFT activities in order to allow muscle groups to recover.

DON'T'S

Ø Don't try to stretch cold muscles. Have personnel walk a short distance or perform a slow jog to warm up muscles prior to stretching.

Ø Don't dramatically change the terrain over which you will perform PFT. For example don't shift from running five kilometres on roads directly to five kilometres cross country or suddenly shift all of your running to hill work. This is a common cause of shin splints. Introduce changes to terrain gradually.

Ø Don't ignore injuries. By the time many soldiers report their injuries, they have already suffered significant damage to their body, some of which may be beyond the capabilities of doctors and physiotherapists to repair.

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SO HOW CAN WE IMPROVE OUR PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING?

The following are some practical tips on how to better organize and conduct PFT. It isn't all encompassing, but if you review your PFT program and use this as a checklist, you are likely going to come up with some improvements.

SAFETY!

Ø Know your troops! Is there anyone with a medical or physical condition who might be at risk participating in this activity at this time? When in doubt, refer soldiers to medical staff for assessment. Have all of your troops been participating in a regular PFT program up to this point?

Ø Does the activity match the environmental conditions? Marching on icy roads or moving quickly over a rain soaked obstacle course might be recipes for severe injuries!

Ø Hydration. Ensure all of your troops, particularly those conducting PFT, understand the need for good hydration and that plenty of liquids are available for consumption, particularly when exercising in hot temperatures.

DO YOU HAVE A PLAN?

Ø Have you clearly identified your PFT objectives?

Ø How will you determine the physical fitness levels of your soldiers so that you will know at which level to start your PFT program? How will you identify individual strengths and weaknesses to be developed and improved? Have you considered administering a test at the beginning of the PFT program in order to collect this information?

Ø How will you incorporate soldiers who have missed a significant amount of PFT, or who are recovering from injuries back into your PFT program?

Ø Is you PFT plan progressive? Increases in duration should not generally exceed 5-8 % per week. Does it allow for both group cohesion and individual development?

Ø Have you identified intermediate training objectives or gateways to be achieved during the training year?

Ø Have you informed your troops of your plan, the training objectives to be met, when evaluation will take place, and the standards to be met? Have you sought feedback on the effectiveness of your physical fitness program from your troops?

VARIETY

Ø Does your PFT program include a variety of different activities such as circuit training, indoor or outdoor obstacle course, and swimming in addition to the traditional running and marching?

FREQUENCY / TEMPO

Ø Alternate activities to concentrate on different muscle groups / energy systems. Avoid heavy workouts of the same types back to back.

Ø Match the activities to the unit work schedule. A heavy upper body workout prior to a day of track maintenance or bridge construction is not recommended.

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RESOURCESØ Do your PFT timings permit you to have good access to facilities? Are

you making the best use of the facilities available?Ø Are you making best use of the personnel available to organize and

conduct PFT? Do they know what training they must conduct and when? Have you made plans to have more people trained in this area?

REMEDIAL PFTØ Have your troops been briefed on the policy regarding remedial PFT?

Who has been assigned to organize and conduct remedial PFT? What follow-up procedures do you have in place?

REMEMBER TO USE YOUR IMAGINATION! KEEP PFT INTERESTING!

WANT SOME INFO ON HOW TO MAKE YOUR PFT PROGRAM MORE INTERESTING?

If you are looking for a good source of ideas for your unit, company or platoon level PFT program, check your local library for A-PD-050-015/PT-001 and PT-002, Physical Fitness Training in the CF, Volumes 1 and 2. These manuals are full of a wide variety of physical fitness activities ranging from callisthenics to using weapons and logs to conduct "combat PFT".

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PART SIX - REMEDIAL PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING -PUNISHMENT OR ASSISTANCE?

Remedial physical fitness training! For many people, just the sound of it conjures up unhappy experiences on courses. Some leather lunged, gazelle like instructor, often on their own time (and therefore really happy) takes your already tired body and proceeds to run it for longer distances or to perform some other gruelling physical activity, all in the name of improving your physical fitness. Or improving your attitude about something else, like drill or polishing your floors or boots. The analysis of the replies on this issue lead to the following conclusions:

Ø The majority of LFC units do not have a structured remedial PFT program. Remedial PFT, when conducted, is normally placed under sub-unit control or for smaller units, made the responsibility of the local CFPSA staff.

Ø Clearer direction is required on the circumstances under which soldiers can be ordered to undergo remedial PFT.

Ø There is a need for direction on the training or qualifications required to effectively organize, conduct and supervise such training.

WHEN SHOULD REMEDIAL PFT BE USED?

Can a soldier be ordered to participate in remedial PFT only if they fail the physical fitness standard for their unit? A number of junior NCOs and officers expressed concern that placing a soldier who had passed the CF EXPRES Test or the LFCPFS on remedial PFT could be construed as harassment.

First of all, LFCO 24-2 indicates the procedures to be followed if a soldier fails the LFCPFS or the CF EXPRES test. What about during the remainder of the year? If, based on a soldier's performance in the unit PFT program, a Commanding Officer is concerned that the soldier will not be able to carry out their duties safely and effectively or achieve the mandatory physical fitness standards, they have the right to order that soldier to undergo remedial PFT.

“There is no remedial PT program within this unit. Having one with a couple of knowledgeable NCOs to run it would be a great improvement.”

Corporal, Vehicle Technician, Service Battalion

“I'm not convinced that it (unit remedial PFT program) worked but it did make the personnel on the program wish they were fit.”

Captain, Artillery, RSSO Reserve Artillery Regiment

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HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH REMEDIAL PFT?

Ø Attitude. First lets stop looking at remedial PFT as punishment. If someone is not putting their full efforts into the physical fitness aspects of their work, and it is an attitude problem not a physical problem, there are lots of administrative and disciplinary means of dealing with the situation. Remedial PFT is about improving a shortfall in a soldier's physical fitness through exercise and increasing self-confidence. Approach it like that!

Ø Diagnosing the problem correctly. The answer to the problem " the soldier runs slowly" is not always "make the soldier run farther". If a soldier is having a problem with a particular aspect of PFT, you are very likely not qualified to diagnose the problem. Don't be ashamed to seek advice from the medical or CFPSA staff. They are trained specifically in their field just like you are in yours.

Ø Organize and Conduct Remedial PFT Professionally. If a soldier has a problem, let the professionals assist you in designing and conducting a program to help them solve it. Work with them to improve the soldier's performance until it reaches the required levels. It is not a failure of leadership to allow remedial PFT to be conducted by professionals. It is a failure of leadership if you don't address the problem in the first place, follow up the soldier's progress or provide them with the time to correct the shortfall.

ONGOING WORK THAT WILL EFFECT THE CONDUCTOF PFT AT LFC UNITS

Ø The Director of Army Training Staff, in co-operation with DPE and PARTICIPACTION are developing standardized physical fitness training programs for use by LFC units. These will include programs for use during normal garrison routine and for work up training for short notice taskings.

Ø Development of a policy providing direction on the qualifications or training required by soldiers to conduct and supervise PFT.

Ø Clearer guidance is being developed on remedial PFT. This will include under what circumstances personnel may be ordered to undergo such training and who may organize and conduct remedial PFT.

“As with everything else, it (remedial PT) got out of hand. How? Well the intention was good however it became an ego booster for people who were in really good shape to take a group of out of shape people out and run them into the ground. This was compounded by the fact that they would still have to participate on regular PT.”

Sergeant, Infantryman, Infantry Battalion

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PART SEVEN - PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING ON LFC COURSES

Do you enjoy doing PFT before the sun comes up? Join the army! It's a rare soldier that hasn't had the pleasure on a course to go for a run or perform callisthenics at 0530 or earlier in the morning. So what does PFT on a course do for us? Overall, respondents felt that PFT was an important part of their training and that it helped them to successfully complete the course by better preparing them for the field, and by relieving stress and boredom. Having said that, there were a lot of complaints on how PFT was conducted during courses and pages of recommendations on how to make it better. The conclusions from the analysis of the replies were:

Ø There is no apparent overall strategy to develop and maintain individual physical fitness on LFC conducted courses. Such training is ad hoc, varies from School to School and course to course, is subject to the whim of instructors and often is not conducted in a progressive and positive manner.

Ø There are currently no standardized PFT programs for use by LFC Schools.

Ø PFT on courses is primarily oriented towards training as a group rather than the identification, development or improvement of individual strengths and weaknesses in physical conditioning.

Ø There is no systematic approach to ensure that leaders tasked to conduct PFT on courses have the necessary skills to do so effectively or have been provided with a well balanced, standardized program to follow.

Ø PFT does not appear as a Performance Objective in the Training Standard for the majority of

LFC controlled courses. This forces course staff to conduct PFT very early in the morning or after the end of the working day, with varying effects on the learning environment and dietary habits.

Ø There is no evidence of consistent employment of the CFPSA staff to assist

“Not only did it (PT) help me complete the training physically but also my self-confidence was much higher and therefore I never felt that there was a part of the training that I wasn't capable of. There was also the certain knowledge that if I could not keep up physically, then I just was not suited to be in the infantry. Something like a blind CF 18 pilot!”

Sergeant, Infantryman, Infantry Battalion

DISPATCHES 17

“…PT did help me successfully complete the course because it made me more alert during the classes that followed in the day. In addition, it made me look forward to the next day, knowing that it was not just classroom work, which can get monotonous sometimes.”

Private, Electrical Generating Systems Technician, Unit Unknown

“During my TQ3, there was time in the course schedule to conduct all physical training activities. The same for my CLC. By the time I did my 6A, the time restraints were showing and PT was conducted at 0530 in the morning, which wears you down with too full a day. On my 6B it was rare to have PT because there was absolutely no time for it. This PT program could be dramatically improved if we would stop shortening courses and put time back into the timetable to conduct proper PT.”

WO, Crewman, Armour School

WHO CAN SET PHYSICAL FITNESS STANDARDS AND PREREQUISITES FOR LFC COURSES AND WHAT ARE THEY?

Ø Effective 5 June 1998, the Commander Combat Training Centre was delegated the authority to set the physical fitness standards and pre-requisites for LFC courses. This authority has not been further delegated.

Ø The only physical fitness tests that are authorized for use on LFC conducted courses are the LFCPFS, the CF EXPRES Test and the Basic Military Standard Swim Test and the entrance test for the Basic Parachutists Course. The standards for these tests are the same as for army units as identified in LFCO 24-2.

Ø Effective 1 September 1998, all personnel undergoing QL3 training and officer candidate training at LFC Schools must successfully achieve the LFCPFS prior to completion of their training. For officer candidates this means prior to completion of Phase IV or RESO 3.

Ø The approved physical fitness evaluations and standards for a course can be found in the most current copy of its Training Standard (TS) and Training Plan (TP).

For members who have been course loaded on a course and want to confirm the physical fitness requirements, they should be included with your Joining Instructions. If they are not, ask for this information through the chain of command.

HOW CAN WE MAKE PFT ON COURSES BETTER?

Ø For course staff, ensure that you are using the most current TP and that you clearly understand the physical fitness pre-requisites and standards for that course. If in doubt, contact your Standards Staff or the Centre of Excellence for the course. (usually a CTC School)

Ø Ensure PFT schedules provide an opportunity for the course staff to identify and maintain or improve individual physical fitness strengths and weaknesses as well as to build group cohesion.

Ø Include as part of instructor standardization programs, comprehensive instruction on the conduct of PFT for all instructors who will conduct such training. The focus of this training should be the effective conduct of the authorized PFT programs.

Ø Develop a plan to monitor instructors in the conduct of PFT to ensure that programs are being conducted effectively and to provide constructive feedback.

Ø Establish close liaison with local medical staff in order to receive timely feedback on injuries or any problems that might indicate shortfalls with PFT

DISPATCHES 18

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE TO ENSURE SOLDIERS ARE FIT FOR COURSES?

Lets face it, a lot military training, particularly at the junior, entry level is very physically demanding. Soldiers at all ranks need to be fit to be able to successfully and safely undergo training. Yet every year soldiers who are not physically fit arrive at LFC Schools! Whose fault is this? We can blame the soldier as it is everyone's responsibility to be fit, however don't units also have the responsibility to ensure that their troops are departing for training at the level of fitness they need to undergo training safely and with a good chance of success? Leaders at all levels are responsible to ensure that their soldiers are fit to proceed on training! To do otherwise is to simply pass off the difficult decision as to whether a soldier is ready to safely undergo training onto the shoulders of the Commandant of the receiving LFC School.

WHAT ELSE IS BEING DONE TO IMPROVE PFT ON COURSES?

Ø CTC, in consultation with CFPSA staff and DPE, is in the process of developing standardized PFT programs tailored to the specific requirements of each course conducted at LFC Schools. The intent of these efforts is to ensure that all soldiers who are undergoing training of a certain type (for example QL3 Infantry) receive the same, well designed PFT. These PFT programs will be relevant to the military training that soldiers are undergoing and the type of unit to which they will report upon graduation. The target date for completion of these programs is July 99.

Ø Direction on what qualifications and training are required to conduct and supervise PFT on LFC conducted courses is under development.

DISPATCHES 19

PART EIGHT - TRAINING OUR LEADERS TOORGANIZE AND CONDUCT PFT

Physical fitness is one of the corner stones of an effective army. In order to develop and maintain a good level of physical fitness, we need leaders who are able to organize, conduct and supervise PFT in a challenging, interesting and progressive manner. There were clear indications from the feedback from the questionnaire that we are not currently providing our soldiers, particularly our junior leaders, with the necessary skills or education to do so.

Ø 568 leaders, including LFC JNCO and JNCO (Infantry) qualified Cpls, replied to the question on what training they had received in the conduct of PFT.

Ø 341 indicated that they had received no instruction in how to organize and conduct PFT. Surprisingly many of the soldiers who indicated that they had received no instruction on the organization and conduct of physical fitness were from exactly the same trades as soldiers who indicated that they had.

Ø Of the 227 leaders who indicated that they did receive instruction on the organization and conduct of PFT, 128 rated it as adequate while 99 rated it as inadequate.

Ø Most Common Reason For Inadequate Rating? INSUFFICIENT TIME AND INSTRUCTOR'S LACK OF EXPERTISE!

Ø Members who attended the BFTA /UPTA course generally spoke highly of the course.

“The standard of morning PT was directly related to the motivation and fitness of the instructor. Some course staff were extremely fit, while others were in poor condition.”

Infantry Officer, RSSO Reserve Infantry Unit

DISPATCHES 20

WHAT INSTRUCTION ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING DO WE PRESENTLY PROVIDE OUR JUNIOR LEADERS?

Most of our junior leaders receive very little instruction on PFT. It ranges from a low of no training (for example RESO Phase II and III and Armoured Phase IV) to one period (most other Phase IV courses) to four periods (LFC JNCO/JNCO Infantry).

In most cases students are tasked to conduct morning PFT periods. Assessment and debriefing of PFT periods is conducted only occasionally and usually by course staff who may not be qualified to do so effectively.

CSS soldiers do not receive any formal training on the organization and conduct of PFT on career courses. Instead they rely on training delivered on specialized courses such as the Basic Fitness Training Assistant and Advanced Fitness Training Assistant to provide the necessary skills for those soldiers whom require them.

The analysis of the replies to the questionnaire and information received from CTC regarding the type of instruction our soldiers receive on the organization, conduct and supervision of PFT led to the following conclusions:

Ø Junior Leaders in LFC are not presently provided with comprehensive training on the organization and conduct of PFT. Nor are they provided with well developed, standardized PFT programs to deliver once they arrive at / return to their unit.

Ø There is currently no LFC policy on what training or qualifications are required by soldiers in order to conduct PFT on a course or at a unit or to supervise the conduct of such training. In short, anyone in LFC may conduct or supervise PFT.

Ø There is currently no army policy regarding who shall receive instruction on the conduct PFT, the content of that instruction and in the period in their career during which it is to be delivered.

Ø Units currently rely heavily on soldiers at the Lt, WO and MCpl level to conduct PFT. Personnel at these rank levels should be the primary targets for instruction on the conduct of PFT.

THE RESULT?

The major conclusion that can be drawn from this information is that up to now, the army has adopted, deliberately or unconsciously, an approach to education and training on this subject which could be chararcterized as follows:

Ø A soldier who undergoes PFT is subsequently able to conduct it. Soldiers will then automatically ignore the bad examples to which they are exposed and retain and repeat the good.

Ø The more a soldier undergoes PFT and the higher they rise in rank, the more qualified they become to supervise PFT.

Obviously such an approach is not a valid one!

“I have been tasked to conduct PT (as required) for this HQ. I learned to conduct this type of training from former NCO's and officers who were very successful at reaching the end point with soldiers fit to fight. I learned how not to conduct PT from NCO's and officers who always decided they had to have the best troop and ended up with soldiers who could hardly walk at the end of a march.”

Warrant Officer, Combat Engineer, Brigade HQ

DISPATCHES 21

WHAT IS BEING DONE TO IMPROVE THIS SITUATION?

Ø On 19 February 1999, at Army Council, the CLS directed that the requirement for all army officers to have a comprehensive knowledge and skill in the planning and supervision of PFT be embedded in Land Environmental Specifications. This will likely begin to impact on army courses in 2001. The exact composition of this training is being determined.

Ø There will also be an impact on NCO training. Direction as to what the requirement will be, and subsequently what training junior NCOs will receive to allow them to conduct PFT is anticipated within the upcoming months.

Ø It should be emphasized that in the future the conduct of PFT will be by those leaders who have received the appropriate training, be they officers or NCOs. Planning and supervision of PFT will largely remain the responsibility of the chain of command. In the interim, CTC has already began to develop standardized packages for officer and NCO training to educate soldiers on the army's physical fitness training requirements, its policies and standards, tests and essential points on the conduct of PFT.

IN THE MEANTIME, WHAT CAN FORMATIONS, UNITS AND SCHOOLS DO NOW TO IMPROVE THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF THEIR JUNIOR LEADERS IN THIS SUBJECT?

In addition to ongoing efforts by Director of Army Training and CTC, there are steps that can be taken by commanding officers to help improve the training and education of their junior leaders in this subject.

Ø Nominate more soldiers to attend the BFTA or AFTA courses and use them to conduct and supervise PFT on a frequent basis. Ensure that they are given frequent opportunities to upgrade their knowledge and skills.

Ø Arrange for additional instruction of junior leaders on the organization and conduct of PFT from unit personnel with advanced physical fitness qualifications or the local CFPSA staff.

Ø Use local CFPSA staff to assist leaders in the development of PFT programs.

Ø Make it a unit policy to have PFT periods prepared and monitored just like any period of instruction. Give soldiers assigned to conduct PFT advance notice of when they must conduct PFT so that they can adequately prepare, provide clear direction on the program to be followed and the objectives to be achieved.

Ø Have PFT periods monitored and soldiers debriefed frequently by personnel qualified to do so. Monitors should include unit personnel with advanced fitness qualifications or local CFPSA staff.

The intent of all of this should be first to ensure that PFT is conducted in a safe, challenging, interesting and progressive manner and second to continue to improve our soldiers by providing them and their supervisors with quality training, support and feedback.

“During my career, I have been tasked to lead a PT group on several occasions, but I have never received any form of training to conduct fitness sessions. As a result, I fake it as best I can and try not to injure people.”

Master Corporal, Vehicle Technician, Service Battalion

DISPATCHES 22

WHAT TRAINING IS AVAILABLE THROUGH THE CF?

The following courses covering the organisation and conduct of PT are available through the CF:

Ø Basic Fitness Training Assistant (BFTA) Course. As indicated by the title, this is a basic course that prepares soldiers to assist in the conduct of physical fitness training at their unit. In order to graduate, soldiers must effectively conduct two PFT lectures, one short and one long, while under assessment. The course is currently 10 days in duration and may be conducted at CFB Borden or the soldier's home base. Unfortunately the army has only sent a total of 58 soldiers on this course since April 1997! We can do much better!

Ø Advanced Fitness Training Assistant (AFTA) Course. The aim of this course is to train soldiers to assist in the conduct of basic fitness training. Graduates are trained to conduct sport / activity specific warm up / cool down exercises, the organisation of sports activities and safety measures to be observed. The course provides more depth in the areas of physiology, anatomy, training principles and fitness testing protocols, than the BFTA. The course is currently 20 days in duration and the next one is scheduled

thfor the 5 of July 1999.

Ø Unit Sports and Fitness Officer. A course designed to train personnel in the administration, organisation and delivery of unit sports programs. The

stcourse is five days in duration and the next one is scheduled for 21 June 1999.

ONGOING WORK

Options to reduce the duration of the BFTA course to five days and the AFTA course to 10 days through the use of Web Based distributed training are currently under consideration. Conduct of this training at home bases is also being considered. One serial of the BFTA course has already been conducted at CFB Edmonton and others have been planned at other army bases, pending funding and operational commitments.

DISPATCHES 23

PART NINE - PHYSICAL FITNESSTRAINING AND LFC RESERVES

As stated earlier, 496 Reservists responded to the ALLC PFT questionnaire. It became very clear from their replies that the cancellation of the 3.2 kilometre run as part of the Warrior program and the absence of a clear policy on PFT and evaluation for the Reserves, has created growing confusion and frustration. The analysis of their replies led to the following conclusions:

Ø There is a major disconnect between the current policies which on one hand do not require Reserve Class A personnel to achieve and maintain a minimum level of physical fitness while on the other, demand that they report for training in a relatively high state of physical fitness.

Ø There is a need for better dissemination of information to Reserve personnel with regards to the physical fitness standards that apply to them and what coverage they can or cannot expect if injured while conducting PFT during working hours or on their own time.

Ø Reserve units lack the time and funds to conduct PFT on a regular basis during the currently available training days.

Ø There is a lack of a clear policy regarding access by Reserve soldiers on Class A service to DND physical fitness facilities.

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?

The key issues pertaining to PFT and evaluation for Reserve personnel revolve around Class A personnel. They are as follows:

Ø What physical fitness tests and standards should apply to Reserve soldiers on Class A service?

Ø When are they supposed to train to meet those standards?

Ø If they must perform PFT on their own time, what kind of pension coverage, if any, can they expect if they are injured while doing so?

“In the Reserves with mandated training such as SHARP, WHIMIS, security briefings, safety briefings, public affairs briefings, along with preparations for exercises, training to keep up with our trade, there is little time left for PT.”

Major, Infantry Officer, Reserve Infantry Battalion

“I have a better chance of releasing a soldier from the CF who is not SHARP trained than releasing a soldier who is too unfit to do their job.”

Lieutenant, Infantry Officer, Reserve Infantry Battalion

DISPATCHES 24

If anything, rather than providing answers to these questions, the introduction of the Warrior Program first in LFCA and then throughout the army, brought these questions further into focus. Plans for the employment of large numbers of Reserve soldiers in support of OP ABACUS have made the prompt resolution of these questions even more important. There are no simple answers to these questions, as possible solutions involve resources and are dependant on other departments of the government. What is clear is that until these key issues are addressed clearly, development and implementation of a viable policy on PFT and evaluation for LFC Reserve soldiers is not possible.

This part of Dispatches will therefore concentrate on clarifying what are the current policies pertaining to PFT and evaluation for Reserve soldiers. At this time:Ø Reserve soldiers on Class "B(A)" and Class C service are required to meet

the physical fitness standards assigned to the units with which they are employed. As they are employed on a full time basis, they are able to follow their unit's PFT program.

Ø There are presently no physical fitness evaluations or standards which apply to Reserve soldiers on Class A service.

Ø Despite the ongoing staffing of Reserve physical fitness issues, Reserve personnel continue to be responsible to report for training physically fit to achieve the physical fitness pre-requisites authorized for that course. Failure to do so may result in personnel being returned to unit. It must be stressed that the intent of this requirement is to ensure that our soldiers have the best chance possible to safely and successfully undergo training.

Ø Reserve soldiers are currently not able to receive a pension if they are injured while conducting PFT on their own time.

Ø Depending on the quantity and type of equipment and facilities available and the number of personnel for whom they are responsible, Base Commanders or equivalents may be required and are authorized to place restrictions on the use of sports and recreational facilities and equipment by Reserve Class A personnel.

WHAT CAN WE DO IN THE INTERIMSo what can commanding officers and sub-unit commanders do in the

interim to encourage their soldiers to develop and maintain a good level of physical fitness?

Ø Include fitness training where the limited time allows it.Ø Ensure that they are aware of the physical fitness pre-requisites that exist

for courses that their soldiers will attend, that their soldiers are aware of those pre-requisites and are ready to meet them

ONGOING WORK ON RESERVE PHYSICAL FITNESS ISSUES

Development of a comprehensive PFT policy for Class A Reservists is currently one of the priorities of the Army Training Authority.

“Reservists should maintain the same PT standards as the Regular Force, however to enforce this policy reservists would be required to be paid for doing PT.”

Sergeant, Air Defence Artilleryman, Air Defence Battery

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PART TEN - PENSION IMPLICATIONS OFPERFORMING PFT ON YOUR OWN TIME

SCENARIOSThe following scenarios are based on real events, although the names,

dates and locations have been altered. They represent realistic circumstances and decisions and have been discussed in detail with the Pension Advocates.

SCENARIO # 1It is 1715 hrs on a Wednesday afternoon in August and Sgt K. Gustav, an

infantryman with 15 years of service, and who is employed in an infantry battalion at CFB Petawawa, is bicycling home after work. Although the battalion's official work hours are 0800 to 1630, Sgt Gustav has remained behind as usual to help prepare training for the next day. Sgt Gustav normally bikes to and from work to supplement his unit's PFT program in order to maintain the required degree of physical fitness. It has the added advantage to allowing his wife to take the car to her higher paying job. As usual, Sgt Gustav is wearing exercise clothing, a reflective vest and a bike helmet. He is bicycling on the right side of the road, on the shoulder.

Sgt Gustav has a letter in his Personnel File from his CO authorizing him to bicycle to and from work as part of his physical fitness training program. He has recently successfully completed the LFCPFS and the results are recorded on his Unit Employment Record. As part of his unit's normal Departure Assistance Group procedures, Sgt Gustav has also had a short interview with a member of the local

CFPSA staff. After a brief conversation, the member of the CFPSA staff indicates in the Prescription of Exercise portion of the DND 279 (CF EXPRES) Form that Sgt. Gustav bicycles and jogs to and from work as part of his individual PFT program.

Just as he is about to exit the Main Gate of the base, a car driven by a member of the same battalion loses control and strikes Sgt Gustav’s bicycle from the rear, crushing it and hurling him into the ditch. There are several witnesses to the accident and the police find that the driver of the automobile was at fault. Sgt. Gustav’s unit raises a CF 98 Form and includes with it a copy of the police report and witness statements. Amongst his injuries, Sgt Gustav suffers a fractured pelvis which, despite the best efforts of medical personnel, cannot be completed repaired. As a result of his injuries, Sgt Gustav must be released from the CF.

“I've never heard of this policy! What surprises me even more is that nobody else in the battalion seems to have heard of it either!”

Private, Infantryman, Infantry Battalion

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SCENARIO # 2

It is 0700 hrs on a Monday morning. WO H. Lugnut, a Maintenance Warrant Officer with 22 years of service and who is employed at CFB Edmonton is bicycling to work. WO Lugnut's unit's official work hours are 0730 to 1600. He has been bicycling to and from work during good weather for the past two and one half years. As the maintenance platoon's physical fitness schedule is often interrupted due to maintenance priorities, WO Lugnut finds that bicycling to and from work each day is a good way to guarantee that he gets some exercise and keeps his weight down. As with the case of Sgt Gustav, WO Lugnut is wearing exercise clothing, a reflective vest and a bike helmet. He is bicycling on the right side of the road, on the shoulder.

WO Lugnut had successfully completed the CF EXPRES Test two months earlier and had an interview with a member of the CFPSA staff. Although the DND 279 form was completed the Prescription of Exercise portion contained only the phrase "In excellent physical condition, maintain current level" and did not indicate any of the activities which he would use to maintain that level of physical fitness. WO Lugnut did however have a letter in his Personnel File from his CO authorizing him to bicycle to and from work as part of his physical fitness training program.

Approximately three kilometres from the Base, WO Lugnut is struck by a 16 wheeled transport truck, and killed instantly. There are several witnesses to the accident and the police find that the driver of the transport truck was at fault. WO Lugnut's unit raises a CF 98 Form and includes with it a copy of the police report that indicate that he was not at fault, witness statements and a copy of the DND 279. WO Lugnut's unit indicates on the CF98 that he was "on duty" as he was participating in an authorized physical fitness training activity. WO Lugnut's widow applies for a pension.

WILL SGT. GUSTAV RECEIVE A PENSION? WILL WO LUGNUT'S WIDOW RECEIVE A PENSION? TURN THE PAGE TO SEE!

DISPATCHES 27

SGT. GUSTAV DID RECEIVE A PENSION AS A RESULT OF HIS ACCIDENT? WHY?

WO LUGNUT'S WIDOW DID NOT RECEIVE A PENSION, DESPITE TWO APPEALS! WHY?

Sgt. Gustav was granted a pension because his unit had ensured that the necessary administration was carried out in accordance with CFAO 50-1 and LFCO 24-2. Specifically:

Ø Sgt. Gustav had received an interview with a member of the CFPSA staff and had bicycling included in the Prescription of Exercise portion of the DND 279 CF EXPRES form. This helped to establish that Sgt. Gustav was bicycling in support of maintaining his physical fitness under the CF EXPRES Program, as he is required to do by CFAO 50-1.

Ø Sgt Gustav was injured while bicycling from work to his home, as he had indicated on the DND 279. In addition, Sgt Gustav was not injured as a result of his own negligence.

Ø Sgt Gustav's unit ensured that a copy of the CF 98 (Report of Injuries or Immediate Death Therefrom) was properly completed and clearly indicated that he had been injured while bicycling home from work. It also indicated that he was " on duty " because he was maintaining the required level of physical fitness as prescribed on his current DND 279 CF EXPRES Form.

Mrs. Lugnut did not receive a pension for one primary reason. The Board was not presented with any evidence that WO Lugnut, while travelling on his bicycle to work, was engaged in a physical training activity authorized or organized by a military authority or performed in the interests of the service although not authorized or organized by a military authority. In short, the Board's view was that, despite the letter from the CommandingOfficer, WO Lugnut was simply travelling to work, and was not on duty.

THE KEY PIECE OF MISSING EVIDENCE WAS A PROPERLY COMPLETED DND 279 FORM THAT INDICATED THAT WO LUGNUT WAS AUTHORIZED TO BICYCLE TO AND FROM WORK IN ORDER TO HELP MAINTAIN THE REQUIRED LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AS PART OF THE CF EXPRES PROGRAM.

DISPATCHES 28

On 30 May 1997, Brigadier General MK Jeffery, on behalf of the Commander LFC, directed that all members of LFC, regardless of whether they completed the LFCPFS or the CF EXPRES Test, would receive an annual interview with a member of the CFPSA staff and have a copy of the DND 279 placed on their files.

As a part of the PFT Questionnaire, members were asked if they knew of this policy, if they had received an interview with a member of the CFPSA staff and if they had a copy of their DND 279 form on their file. Of the 710 Regular Force members who replied to the question, 529 indicated that they had not received an interview with a member of the CFPSA staff or that they did not have a copy of their DND 279 form on their file. The responses to the questions led to the following conclusions:Ø The majority of Regular Force soldiers in LFC field units have not

completed the necessary administrative procedures to ensure maximum protection of their and their dependant's rights under the Pension Act. In many cases members have DND 279 forms on their files which have been completed by the company or platoon commanders or equivalents, not by CFPSA staff.

Ø The rationale behind the requirement for members of LFC to have an interview with a member of the CFPSA staff, and to have the Prescription of Exercise portion of the DND 279 CF EXPRES form completed annually, is not understood by the majority of LFC personnel, particularly those within the chain of command.

WHY DO WE NEED AN INTERVIEW WITH A MEMBER OF THE CFPSA STAFF?

The CF has worked hard for many years with the former Canadian Pension Commission (CPC) and currently with Veterans Affairs Canada, to establish that members who participate in authorized physical fitness training activities on their own time in order to meet the general service requirement to keep fit are doing so in the "interests of the service". This is a key issue when determining applicability for a pension. DND is the only federal department which has such an agreement with the Veterans Affairs Canada

In order to demonstrate that we are not asking for a "blank cheque" the CF has instituted several measures to demonstrate that there is a degree of "military control" in the conduct of PFT on a member's own time. They are:

Ø The types of physical fitness activities that a member can be authorized to conduct on their own time have been restricted. A list of the activities that can be authorized on the DND 279 Form can be found in CFAO 50-1. These activities have been approved by Veterans Affairs Canada.

Ø Members are given professional advice on the activities to be performed and their frequency by "qualified physical fitness professionals". Members of the CFPSA staff are considered as such based on their special training, education, and certification in this field. Unfortunately soldiers who hold the rank or appointment of MCpl or higher are not considered to be "qualified physical fitness professionals" and therefore they do not have the right to legally fill out the Prescription of Exercise portion of the DND 279 form.

“Whose brilliant idea was this anyway? We have been asking for three years to figure out what will happen here. I have two thousand plus personnel in this brigade who need to have the DND 279 form filled out. The person who is responsible to do this is so busy that there is no way they can get to everyone!”

Warrant Officer, Combat Engineer, Brigade HQ

DISPATCHES 29

SOME POINTS TO NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION

Ø Sending 200 completed DND 279 forms to the local CFPSA staff for signature does not constitute an interview for pension purposes, as has been the approach in some units.

Ø CFAO 50-1 establishes the requirement for soldiers to remain physically fit. Although letters, memos or other directions from commanders or commanding officers may be used to highlight this requirement, those documents do not replace a properly completed DND 279 Form or an interview with the CFPSA staff.

Ø All soldiers should be encouraged to maintain a CF EXPRES Program Personal Exercise Record Book for their individual CF EXPRES Program activities.

IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE ON THE PENSION PROCESS!

Ø The Veterans Affairs Canada pension adjudication branch is entirely independent from DND.

Ø The pension process is a legal process! Each case is judged on its own merits. If you don't produce the required evidence, it will jeopardise the case.

TIPS TO SMOOTH OUT ADMINISTRATIVE DIFFICULTIES

Many of the leaders who responded complained about the administrative difficulties involved in ensuring that all of their soldiers complete an interview with the CFPSA staff. Here are several suggestions that should help smooth out some of these difficulties.

Ø Although ideal, interviews with the CFPSA staff do not have to be conducted immediately after the conduct of the LFCPFS. Some 2 CMBG units conduct these interviews as part of the Departure Assistance Groups (DAG) which are conducted regularly throughout the year.

Ø Co-ordinate interview requirements with the local CFPSA staff so that they can react better to peak periods.

Ø Provide CFPSA staff with a list of those soldiers who have successfully completed the LFCPFS and any who might have encountered difficulty. This will assist the CFPSA staff with the conduct of the interview.

Ø If necessary, schedule those soldiers who are conducting PFT regularly on their own time for an interview before those soldiers who are not.

Ø If difficulties are encountered in arranging interviews, work with the CFPSA staff to solve the problem and involve the chain of command. It is important that the DAT OPI, DAT 3-2(Armd) be informed of these difficulties so solutions can be worked on with the Director of the CFPSA.

THE BOTTOM LINEThe bottom line in this issue is that we owe it to our soldiers to ensure that

they or their dependants receive the best possible chance to receive a pension if they are injured or die while conducting PFT on their own time. If we do not carry out the necessary administration in the proper manner, it will be our own soldiers or their dependants who will suffer financial hardship.

DISPATCHES 30

PART ELEVEN - GENERAL POINTS

WANT TO DO SOME FURTHER READING ONPHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING?

Take your copy of the LLIW CD, go to the search portion and type in "physical fitness" or "physical fitness training" from 1950 and later. You will get a large number of hits which include articles from the Canadian Army Training Memoranda from the period WWII and Korea, all of the Corps / Branch magazines such as the Infantry Journal, the Armour

Bulletin, Ubique etc. These articles include everything from different perspectives on PFT to physically demanding adventure training trips carried out previously by units across the country. You will also find comments on physical fitness from Post Operation Reports for all of our operations as well as PFT programs for operations as suggested by some of our Allies.

WHERE CAN YOU FIND CFAO 50-1 AND LFCO 24-2?

Your unit orderly room should have copies of both of these references. They can also be found at the Defence Intranet (DIN) site at http://oltrs.dwan.dnd.ca/subjects/cfao/intro_e.asp or

DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING POLICIES, EVALUATIONS AND STANDARDS?

Go through the chain of command to one or more of the following at the appropriate level:

Ø Unit - Unit Training Officer

Ø Brigade or Area HQ - G3 Training

Ø CTC - Major Mike Mitchell, G3 Training Standards, CSN 432-3810

Ø Land Staff - Major Dave MacLeod, DAT 3-2(Armd), CSN 270-4832.

FUTURE RELEASES FROM THE ALLC ONPHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING

During the remainder of 1999, the ALLC will continue to address the topic of PFT through all or some of the following:

Ø An ALLC bulletin on PFT during operations, covering recommended programs and construction of expedient PFT equipment.

Ø A poster or posters covering tips on how to improve your unit, company or

“When you consider that it is every member of the CF's secondary role to fight in combat, it is quite an embarrassment to look at anyone who needs a size "Budda" set of combats.”

Corporal, Infantryman, Infantry Battalion

http://landstaff.d-ndhq.dnd.ca/lfco/index.htm

DISPATCHES 31

PART TWELVE - CONCLUSIONSoldiers must be physically fit to meet military operational requirements, to

perform under a wide range of geographical and environmental conditions, to cope with the stresses of sustained operations and to be ready to respond on short notice. While this goal may be well understood and accepted by the majority of soldiers, there is a clear lack of unity in the manner in which the various components of the army are attempting to achieve it. It is not enough for leaders to simply state "we must be fit", when we are all approaching this goal from a different understanding of the overall strategy. The army accepts that there must be one clearly understood strategy for PFT, and that this must be consistently applied. This strategy is under development and it will clearly outline key points such as:

Ø The levels of physical fitness that are required and how they relate to our various levels of operational readiness.

Ø The relation of physical fitness training to our other tasks in terms of priority.

Ø The types of PFT that the army wants to use in order to achieve and maintain physical fitness both during courses and at units.

Ø The training and education that is required by leaders in order for them to be deemed capable of safely and effectively organizing, conducting and supervising PFT.

Once a clear training strategy for physical fitness has been developed, the army must ensure that leaders at all levels understand it and consistently supervise its implementation. There will continue to be room for initiative and imagination within our physical fitness training, however initiative and imagination must be focussed within well identified "arc markers" .

Changes to the army's approach to the training and education of soldiers in the organization, conduct and supervision of physical fitness training are already underway. In some cases they will begin to take effect this year. In other cases it will take one to two years to begin to see results. In the interim leaders at all levels need to do what they can to ensure that their troops undergo physical fitness training in the most professional, effective and safe manner possible.

DISPATCHES 32

Editorial:

Author:Maj R Kennedy, ALLC

Contributors:Maj D MacLeod, DAT 3-2 (Armd)Capt M Anderson, G3 Stds TDO, CTCMs Alice Aitken, former Base Physiotherapist, CFB KingstonMr Randy Booth, Base Physiotherapist, CFB KingstonMedical Staff, Base Hospital, CFB KingstonMr Dave Ogilvie and the CFPSA Staff, CFB Kingston

Design:Capt R Kingsbury, ALLC

Production Coordination:Capt R Kingsbury, ALLCCapt R Paquin, ALLC

Special Thanks: The ALLC wishes to thanks the officers and NCMs that participated in the Physical Fitness Questionnaire. Your feedback was key to the success of this mission.

ARMY LESSONS LEARNED CENTREPO BOX 17000 STN FORCES, KINGSTON, ON K7K 7B4

LE CENTRE DES LEÇONS RETENUES DE L'ARMÉECP 17000 SUCC FORCES, KINGSTON, ON K7K 7B4

(613)541-5010 / CSN(RCCC) 270-5010

LCol JM Petryk - Director / Directeur(Ext/Poste 4814) - dir@allc.com

Maj FM Aubin - SO Operations / OEM Opérations(Ext/Poste 4816) - soops@allc.com

Maj R Kennedy - SO Training / OEM Entraînement(Ext/Poste 5117) - sotrg@allc.com

Capt RE Kingsbury - SO / OEM Production(Ext/Poste 4813) - soprod@allc.com

Capt R Paquin- SO / OEM Administration(Ext/Poste 5119) - soadmin@allc.com

MCpl/CplC Simonneau-Guay S - Clerk/Commis (Ext/Poste 8100) - clerk@allc.com

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