part 1: short story terms (16%)€¦ · readers by a story part 2: comprehending a new short story-...

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Name: ___________KEY__________________________________________________________Hour: __________

Introduction to Literature Midterm Study Guide 2019 All 9th grade students in Anchor Bay High School will take a common standard based midterm. The test will consist of

130 multiple choice questions and will consist of the five parts with approximate percentage components.

Part 1: Short Story Terms (16%)

Part 2: Comprehending a New Short Story (6%)

Part 3: Previously Read Literature (32%)

“The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell

“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant

“The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe

“The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry

The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

Part 4: Grammar (30%)

Identify Subject and Predicate

Identify Prepositional Phrases and Object of the Preposition

Distinguish Between Linking Verbs and Action Verbs

Distinguish Between Predicate Nominative or Predicate Adjective

Recognize Helping Verbs

Identify Nouns as: Direct Object, Indirect Object or Object of the Preposition

Hard-to-Find Subjects

Correct Subject and Verb Agreement

Applying Verb-Usage Rules

Solving Common Usage Problems: “Monday MISTAKES”

Part 5: Academic Vocabulary: “Tuesday TERMS” (16%)

Part 1: Short Story Terms- Students should be prepared to define, identify, and apply the following terms.

Directions: Fill-in every box with the definition.

Point of View (POV):

2

simile:

a comparison using

"like" or "as"

allusion: a reference to a

person, place, thing or

idea of historical,

cultural, literary or

political significance

antagonist:

a character in conflict

with the main character

protagonist:

the main character

theme:

central idea or universal

message of the literary

work

setting:

the time and place of

action

symbol:

an object represents not

only itself but a bigger

ideas too

tone:

the writer's attitude

toward a subject

character:

the people or animals in

a story

flashback:

an interruption in the

action of a plot to tell

what happened at an

earlier time

hyperbole:

a huge exaggeration

foreshadowing:

a clue that suggests

events that have yet to

occur

imagery: description that

appeals to the senses

(sight, sound, smell,

touch, taste)

irony:

differences between

expectations and results

inference:

an educated guess

mood:

a feeling created in the

readers by a story

Part 2: Comprehending a New Short story- You will be given a short story to read and should be prepared to

demonstrate comprehension.

Part 3: Previously Read Literature- Students should be prepared to recognize the characters and plots of the

following short stories.

“The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell

character Who is this person? What sort of person is he? What does he want?

Sanger Rainsford protagonist

Hunter and author;

Creates a deadly contest

between people

Reasonable; doesn’t’ think

animals have feelings

To survive an exciting hunt

at first and then to

SURVIVE

General Zaroff

antagonist

Rich man who owns

island where he hunts

men

Evil, spoiled, entitled

educated

To have the most exciting

hunt ever

Ivan

A giant man servant to

Zaroff

Big dummy; only does what

he is commanded X

Conflict: man vs. man (Rainsford vs Zaroff) Theme: You should never underestimate your opponent.

Fill in the major details of the plot.

Exposition: Rainsford falls off

a yacht and ends up

on Ship trap Island

in the Caribbean,

mid-1900’s

Problem:

Zaroff only

cares about

hunting, but it

started to bore

him.

Rising Action: Zaroff chases Rainsford through the jungle;

Rainsford must survive

for three days to outwit Zaroff, Ivan and his

bloodthirsty hounds

Climax:

Rainsford dives

into the sea!

Falling Action:

Rainsford and

Zaroff duel.

Zaroff is killed

and fed to the

hounds

Resolution: Zaroff is presumably killed and fed to the

hounds.

Do the events of the

story change the

protagonist as a

person?

yes no

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“The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant

character Who is this person? What sort of person is s/he? What does s/he want?

Madame Loisel Protagonist

A beautiful but not rich

wife

Self-centered, entitled,

restless, dissatisfied

To be desired by all men

and have expensive things

Monsieur Loisel

Husband to Matilde;

respectable working man

Loves his wife and makes

sacrifices for her

For his wife to be happy

with her life

Madame Forestier

A wealthy childhood

friend of Matilde

Snobby and rich

X

Conflict: man vs. self (Madame Loisel vs self) Theme: It is foolish to look for happiness in material things.


Exposition:

A self-centered

woman dreams

of being rich.

Paris, late

1800’s

Problem:

Her husband

comes home

with an

invitation; she

is upset because

she has no

dress or

jewelry

Rising Action:

Her husband

sacrifices to buy

her a dress and

she borrows a

necklace; She

has an amazing

time at the ball

Climax:

The necklace is

lost!

Falling Action:

The Loisel’s

work hard and

struggle for 10

years to replace

necklace

Resolution:

Ironically, the

necklace was

fake, but she is

satisfied with

her life now Do the events of the

story change the

protagonist as a

person?

yes no

“The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe

character Who is this person? What sort of person is he? What does he want?

Montresor protagonist

A wealthy man who

collects wine and art

Crazy and easily offended Revenge on a Fortunato

who doesn’t even know he

has insulted him

Fortunato

antagonist

A wealthy man who


normal To prove that he is skilled

at tasting wine

Luchesi

A wealthy man who


X

X

Conflict: man vs. man (Montresor vs Fortunato) Theme: The destruction of revenge


Exposition:

A man is

stewing about

being insulted

by another man;

Italy, mid

1800’s

Problem:

Montresor plans

to get revenge

on Fortunato for

insulting him

Rising Action:

Montresor lures

Fortunato to his

catacombs

Climax:

Montresor

chains up

Fortunato

Falling Action:

Montresor

builds a wall

while Fortunato

screams

Resolution:

After 50 years,

Montresor tells his

story of how no one

knows he murdered

Fortunado Do the events of the story

change the protagonist as a

person?

yes no

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“The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry


Jim Dillingham

Young

protagonist

Young hard-working

husband

Responsible and caring Jim wants to buy a

thoughtful gift for his wife

Della

protagonist

Young wife Loving and caring Della wants to buy a

thoughtful gift for her

husband

Madame Sofronie

Owner of the hair-goods

shop who buys Della’s

hair X

X

Conflict: man vs. society (poverty) Theme: The importance of love and sacrifice


Exposition:

Della and Jim, a

poor couple,

struggle to buy

a Christmas gift

for each other;

New York,

1905

Problem:

They do not

have enough

money to buy

each other a gift

Rising Action:

Della sells her

hair, so she can

afford to buy a

chain for Jim's

heirloom watch.

Jim sells his

watch to buy

Della combs for

her hair

Climax:

Della and Jim

exchange gifts

and realize their

gifts are

useless.

Falling Action:

They decide to

put their gifts

aside until they

can both use

them.

Resolution:

Despite their

useless gifts,

they still love

each other and

learn a valuable

lesson about

sacrifice. Do the events of the

story change the both

protagonists as a

person?

yes no

Know the characters and plot of The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare


Romeo

Son of Lord Montague

Sensitive, moody, love-

struck, impatient

To find true love

Juliet

Daughter of Lord

Capulet

Innocent, respectful,

passionate, strong-willed

To be happy, love and be

loved

Friar Laurence

The priest and spiritual

advisor to Romeo

Reasonable, practical,

patient, intelligent

To help Romeo to how to

“love moderately” and

hopefully end feud

The Nurse

Juliet’s nanny and

mother-figure

Uneducated, obnoxious,

wishy-washy

To feel useful; at first to help

Juliet plan marriage to Romeo

then persuades her to marry Paris

Benvolio

Romeo’s cousin Calm, reasonable,

reasonable, supportive

To help Romeo feel better

and to maintain peace

Tybalt

Juliet’s cousin Aggressive, skilled at

sword-play, prideful

To be feared by the

Montague’s

The Prince

The ruler of Verona A leader who is in over his

head and concerned

To maintain peace

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Mercutio

Friend of Romeo and

cousin to the Price

Obnoxious, pleasure-

seeking

Whatever feels good at the

time; wants Romeo to like

him

Lord Capulet

Juliet’s dad; leader of the

Capulet family

Aggressive; fun to be

around, bossy

For people to do exactly

what he says all the time

Lady Capulet

Juliet’s mom and wife to

Capulet

Vain and self-absorbed To marry Juliet off; to get

revenge for Tybalt’s death

Paris

Successful noble man

who wants to marry

Juliet

Kind, handsome, well-

respected

To marry Juliet because he

loves her

Lord Montague

Romeo’s dad; leader of

the Montague family

Concerned and supportive To know what is bothering

Romeo and help him

Apothecary

Man who sell drugs

(legally and illegally)

Desperate, poor and scared To live another day with

food and some money

Conflict: man vs. man: Montagues vs. Capulets Theme: Love will always triumph over hate.


Act I

Exposition: Verona, late

1500’s. Two

families have long-

lasting feud.

Romeo is

depressed. Romeo

to go to Capulet

party because

Rosaline is a

guest. Capulet will

not let a well-

mannered guest to

remain at party. So,

Romeo sees Juliet

and falls in love

immediately.

Problem: The Montagues

and Capulets are in

conflict. Their

children meet and

fall in love and

then find out they

are enemies.

Act II

Rising Action: Romeo and Juliet

profess their love.

They complain

that they’re from

the enemy family. They decide to

secretly get

married. The Friar

agrees in hopes to

end feud. Friar

advises Romeo to

slow down his

passion.

Act III

Climax: Tybalt seeks out

Romeo for crashing

party. Romeo refuses

to fight as they are

related now. Tybalt

kills Mercutio, then

Romeo kills Tybalt.

Prince orders

Romeo is banished

from Verona. The

nurse advises Juliet

to marry Paris. Lord

Capulet will disown

Juliet if she refuses to

marry Paris.

Act IV

Falling Action: Friar tells Romeo to

wait in Mantua until

he receives a

MESSAGE. Capulet

decides to let Paris

marry Juliet. Juliet

takes sleeping

POTION to fake her

death. Juliet fears

potion will NOT

work and she will

suffocate in tomb.

Act V

Resolution: Message from Friar

John is to Romeo is

delayed. Romeo buys

poison, so he can die

with Juliet whom he

thinks is dead.

Romeo kills Paris and

then himself. Juliet

wakes finds Romeo

dead and kills herself

with Romeo’s

dagger. All decide to

end feud after

tragedy. Do the events of the

story change the

characters as people?

yes no

playwrights: author of a

play

drama: intended for

performance on stage

aside: a short comment to the audience but

not intended for others on stage to hear

monologue: a long speech

delivered to other characters but they

remain silent

soliloquy: a speech in which a

character alone reveals private

thoughts and feeling that audience is

allowed to hear

acts: the basic units of

drama

stage directions: tell how

the work is to be

performed

Tragic hero: main

character

Tragedy: downfall of the

main character

Tragic flaw: mistaken action or

defect in character

sets: construction indicating where

the drama takes place

dialogue: speeches between

characters that tell the story

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Part 4: Grammar: Identify Subject and Predicate

Simple subject –simple predicate

Compound subject

Compound predicate

Compound subject +

compound predicate

Directions:

Label for Type of

Simple Sentence

Circle predicates, box subjects, and draw vertical lines between subjects and

predicates.

Compound subject

High school students and teachers spend a lot of time reading literature.

Compound subject +

compound predicate

“The Most Dangerous Game” and “The Cask of Amontillado” offer suspense to

readers and deliver on that promise.

Compound predicate

The teachers here understand students and try to make classes enjoyable.

Simple subject + simple

predicate

High school classes prepare students for their futures.

Compound predicate

Students love the early start time of high school and jump out of bed in the

morning.

Write the definition for

“subject”: The essential noun

or pronoun that cannot be left

out of a complete subject. It is

doing the verb.

Write the definition for

“predicate”: A word that

expresses time while showing

an action, a condition or he fact

that something exists.

How many complete

thoughts does a simple

sentence express?

Just 1

Recognize these four types of Simple Sentences

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Recognize how to identify the job each noun in a sentence is doing and the type of verb in that sentence.

This is how you figure out which job each word is doing:

Step 1: Declutter (Remove prepositional phrases).

Step 2: Locate the verb.

Step 3: Ask “Who is doing the verb?” That’s the subject.

Step 4: Do the “Linking Verb Test”

For LINKING Verbs

Step 5: Ask “What ELSE is the subject?”

Predicate nominative = a noun

Predicate adjective = an adjective

For ACTION Verbs

Step 5: Ask “What is receiving the action of the subject?”

That’s the direct object.

Step 6: Ask “Is anyone receiving the direct object (but NOT

stuck in a prepositional phrase)?”

That’s the indirect object.

Part 4: Grammar: Identify Prepositional Phrases and Object of the Preposition

Directions: Underline the prepositional phrases in these sentences and loop around the OBJECT of the

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. See the example.

1. The high school hallways are color-coded throughout the building.

2. Some of the staff members with the black or red shirts are the security guards. (HINT! Do you see which word is the subject?)

3. Students rush to their classes and fumble with their too-many possessions.

4. Sometimes teachers are forced to give detentions to their late students.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Next, make sure you do the “Linking Verb Test.” Identify each verb below as “linking” or “action.”

Remember, if a verb passes the test, it’s a linking verb. If it fails, then it’s automatically an action verb.

is = is =

EX. The magician appears suddenly, and the child appears startled.

FAIL!

action

verb

PASS!

linking

verb

Part 4: Grammar: Distinguish Between Action Verb and Linking Verb

Directions: Circle the verb then circle whether it is an action verb (A) or linking verb (L).

A L 1. The students think about their midterms.

A L 2. The teachers feel excited about the tests.

A L 3. The students feel the heaviness of their backpacks.

A L 4. The young child tastes his first piece of bacon.

A L 5. The bacon tastes salty and delicious.

A L 6. The child will become a meat-eater.

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Part 4: Grammar: Distinguish Between Predicate Nominative and Predicate Adjective

Linking Verbs are like EQUAL SIGNS

subject = another noun (predicate nominative PN) OR subject = an adjective (predicate adjective PA)

Directions: Write as an equation. Indicate whether the subject is linked to a predicate nominative or adjective.

1. Kailey is a shop-aholic. Kailey = shop-alholic PN PA

2. The stew tastes delicious. stew = delicious PN PA

3. The kittens seem alert. kittens = alert PN PA

4. Puppies are wonderful pets. Puppies = pets PN PA

__________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 4: Grammar: Recognizing Helping Verbs

HELPING VERBS are verbs that can be added to another verb to make a single verb.

Directions: Identify ONLY the helping verb(s) in each sentence and write it on the line:

_______ 1. I can’t reach the top shelf.

_______ 2. It might be full of rowdy passengers, though.

_______ 3. Would she prefer to ride with Emily instead?

_______ 4. Shall I set the table now?

_______ 5. You really must see a doctor about that nasty cut.

_______ 6. In the spring, Damien will run his first marathon.

Sometimes other words separate the helping verb and

main verb in the sentence.

The word “not” is an example. “Sarah couldn’t run as

fast as Beth.

Here the word “not” separates the helping verb “could”

from the main verb “run.”

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Keep all of this in mind when dealing with ACTION VERBS:

EX. 1 No action transferred.

EX. 2 Action transferred to a direct

object.

EX. 3 Action transferred to a direct object and

THEN to an indirect object.

EX. 4 Direct comparison between indirect

object

and prepositional phrase.

Directions: Look at EX. 1-4 above as examples of how to do these sentences (A-D).

Circle action verbs; underline subjects, direct objects, and indirect objects; and underline then loop

prepositional phrases. Then use the abbreviations in the box below to label each element.

A. The school bus took the kids to school. B. That scene of the movie gave the audience chills.

C. The tardy bell rang throughout the school. D. The quiet boy passed the cute girl a note.

Quick Action Verb Facts:

*Action verbs SHOW action.

*The actions can be visible or

merely mental (seen or unseen).

*Sometimes the action just

stays with the subject. EX. 1

*Sometimes the action moves

from the subject onto a direct

object. EX. 2


from the subject onto a direct

object, and then the direct

object goes to an indirect

object. EX. 3


from the subject to a direct

object, and then there is NO

indirect object because a

prepositional phrase is doing

the job of the indirect object

instead. EX. 4

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Part 4: Grammar: Identify Hard-to-Find Subjects

A SUBJECT is the essential noun or pronoun that cannot be left out of the complete subject.

In commands, the subject is the “understood you” and is not actually stated.

EXAMPLE: Andre, please clear the table = (you)

Words like “there” and “here” are never the subject of the sentence.

EXAMPLE: Here come the circus parade. = parade

There goes your best friend. = friend

In questions the subject often follows the verb. To find the subject in a question, mentally rephrase the question as a statement.

EXAMPLE: Can we eat now? = we Directions: Write the subject of each sentence on the line to the right.

1. A block past the First Bank, turn left. (you)

2. Do you know the combination to this lock? you

3. There is a new mayor. mayor

4. Here is the newest book by my favorite author. book

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 4: Grammar: Correct Subject and Verb Agreement

A VERB is a word that expresses time while showing an action, a condition, or the fact that something exists. A

tense is a form of verb that express the time of an action.

Directions: Complete each sentence by writing the verb form from parenthesis that agrees with the subject.

Then label each sentence as S if the subject is singular and P is the subject is plural.

EXAMPLE: Some players on that team have been disqualified. (has, have) __P___

1. That song by the Beatles ____________ become a classic. (has, have) S

2. The students in Mrs. McBride’s class ______________ going to a play. (is, are) P

3. The carton of Christmas decorations ______________ in the basement. (is, are) S

4. The team with the most wins __________ the league. (lead, leads) S

__________________________________________________________________________________________

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Part 4: Grammar Applying Verb – Usage Rules

Directions: Circle the entire verb phrase. Cross out adverbs that are inside the phrase.

_______ 1. For her birthday, Selena would also like a dog.

_______ 2. To avoid another speeding ticket, Selena will never

again take her eyes off the road to fiddle with the radio.

_______ 3. Despite the stern warning from Officer Carson,

Selena has not lightened her foot on the accelerator.

_______ 4. Selena is always disobeying the speed limit.

_______ 5. Selena should have been driving with more care, for

then she would not have gotten her third ticket this year.

_______ 6. The tires screeched as Selena mashed the

accelerator.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 4: Grammar: Solving Common Usage Problems: “Monday MISTAKES”

Directions: Correct the errors in the following paragraph

The big, jolly Santa Claus in the red suit that we all know and love didn’t always look

that way. Prior to 1931, Santa was depicted as everything from a tall, gaunt man to a spooky-

looking elf. The Santa of today was actually first depicted in a Coca Cola advertisement! In

1930, Coca-Cola commissioned an illustrator named Haddon Sundblom to develop advertising

images of Santa Claus. He based his drawing on the description from Clement Clark Moore’s

poem, “‘Twas the Night Before Christmas”.

Write the definition for VERB PHRASE:

The main verb and helping verb

Since a verb phrase might use up to four words,

a short adverb—such as also, never, or not—

might try to sneak in between the parts. When

you find an adverb snuggled in a verb phrase, it

is still an adverb, not part of the verb.

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/adverb.htm

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Part 5: Academic Vocabulary: “Tuesday TERMS”:

Directions: Define each of the following terms:

Haughty: arrogant

Aplomb: work under

pressure

Accentuate:

emphasize

Bamboozle:

trick

Cower:

Hide

Decorum: appropriate

behavior

Aptitude:

desire

Impertinent:

rude

Jovial:

happy

Laconic: very few words

Brandish: waive in a

threatening way

Quandary:

difficult decision

Quota: set amount Repose: relax Tumult: confused order Vacillate: indecisive

Concoction: mixture Virtuoso: skilled artist Symbiosis: collaboration Renegade: betrays a set

of rules

Maneuver: skilled

movements

Labyrinth: complex paths Contorted: twisted Formidable: inspiring

fear

Egregious: extreme Exulted: extreme

happiness

Despondent: loss of hope Engross: preoccupy

Recommended Study Activities:

Complete this study guide

Go to the following web page:

http://jmcbrideabhs.weebly.com/mid-term-study-guide.html

Take practice the Quizlets

Go to the following webpage to review stories and play:

http://nutteranchorbay.weebly.com/literature-texts-for-1st-semester.html

Focus specifically on the ones listed in this study guide

http://jmcbrideabhs.weebly.com/mid-term-study-guide.html

http://nutteranchorbay.weebly.com/literature-texts-for-1st-semester.html

part 1: short story terms (16%)€¦ · readers by a story part 2: comprehending a new short story-...

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