nyngan solar farm submissions report final v1
TRANSCRIPT
Submissions Report
NYNGAN SOLAR FARM
DECEMBER 2010
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Document Verification
Project Title: Nyngan Solar Farm Submissions Report
Project Number: 1585
Project File Name: Nyngan Solar Farm Submissions Report 031210 .docxRevision Date Prepared by (name) Checked by (name) Approved by (name)
Draft V1 6/12/10 Amy Webb Brooke Marshall
Brooke Marshall Brooke Marshall
Final V1 8/12/10 Amy Webb Brooke Marshall
Brooke Marshall Brooke Marshall
nghenvironmental prints all documents on environmentally sustainable paper including paper made from 100% bagasse (a bi‐product of sugar production) or recycled paper.
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT ...................................................................................................................2
2 THE PROPOSAL ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL .............................................................................................................3
2.1.1 Photovoltaic array .................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.2 Connection to the existing Nyngan substation ...................................................................................... 3
2.1.3 Access tracks .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.4 Buildings ................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1.5 Project timing and staging ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.6 Operational management...................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.7 Decommissioning ................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 PROJECT BENEFITS ...............................................................................................................................8
3 CONSIDERATION OF SUBMISSIONS ............................................................................................. 9
3.1 EXHIBITION PERIOD AND LOCATION ....................................................................................................9
3.2 RESPONSES RECEIVED ..........................................................................................................................9
4 PROPONENT’S RESPONSE TO COMMUNITY SUBMISSIONS ........................................................ 10
5 PROPONENT’S RESPONSE TO GOVERNMENT AGENCY SUBMISSIONS ........................................ 11
5.1 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER..................................................11
5.2 NSW OFFICE OF WATER .....................................................................................................................13
6 MODIFICATIONS TO THE PROPOSAL: SUMMARY ....................................................................... 15
6.1 DELETED SOCS ....................................................................................................................................15
6.2 NEW SOCS ..........................................................................................................................................15
6.3 MODIFIED SOCS .................................................................................................................................15
7 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 16
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Appendix A: Revised Statements of Commitment
Appendix B: Additional investigations
B.1 Flora Addendum
B.2 Archaeology and Aboriginal Heritage Addendum
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Nyngan Solar Farm is proposed in the Central West on cleared farmland off East Nyngan Road,
Nyngan (the proposal site). The proposal encompasses the construction and operation of a solar
photovoltaic array over an area of approximately 200 hectares of a 450 hectare site, with associated
electrical infrastructure, maintenance facilities, access tracks and minor upgrades to adjacent roads.
The proposal is a Part 3A Major Project under the NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
and therefore the consent authority is the Minister for Planning. The proposal is also consistent with the
criteria of Critical Infrastructure as it is a power generator with the capacity to generate in excess of
30MW.
The proponent for the Nyngan Solar Farm proposal is Infigen Suntech Australia Pty Ltd (Infigen Suntech).
Infigen Suntech is a joint venture formed between Infigen Energy Limited (Infigen Energy) and Suntech
Power Australia Pty Ltd (Suntech) to deliver utility scale photovoltaic solar projects in Australia. Infigen
Energy is a specialist renewable energy business that develops, owns and operates renewable energy
generation facilities across Australia, the United States and Germany. Suntech is the world’s largest
producer of silicon solar modules, with offices in 13 countries.
An Environmental Assessment (EA), prepared by nghenvironmental, was submitted to the NSW
Department of Planning and placed on public exhibition from the 4th of November to the 6th of
December 2010. During this period1, submissions were sought from the local community, government
agencies, interested parties and other stakeholders.
Key issues were formalised in the Director General’s Requirements for the preparation of the
Environmental Assessment. Investigation of these issues formed the major part of the Environmental
Assessment. These issues were investigated via specialist reports and by desktop assessment.
Specialist investigations were carried out in the key areas of:
Biodiversity impacts Visual impacts
Aboriginal archaeological impacts Flooding impacts
Noise impacts
These investigations were appended to the EA in full and are summarised in the body of the EA.
Additionally, since the submission of the EA to the Department of Planning:
Flora investigations were undertaken, specific to threatened species impacts, to validate
the assumptions made in the Biodiversity Assessment
Further Archaeological investigation was carried out in the eastern section of the site,
which had not previously been surveyed.
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These investigations are appended to this Submissions Report and are summarised under the relevant
agency response headings in this report.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT
This Submissions Report has been prepared by Infigen Suntech and nghenvironmental. It:
Considers and responds to the issues raised in the public and agency submissions for the
Nyngan Solar Farm
Includes the results of the additional studies undertaken to assess the impact of the
proposal
Describes any changes to the proposal, including a revised set of Statements of
Commitments
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2 THE PROPOSAL
2.1 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL
The proposal remains as described in the Environmental Assessment (nghenvironmental 2010). That is:
Infigen Suntech proposes to construct a 100 megawatt (MW) capacity solar farm on cleared farmland off
East Nyngan Road, Nyngan (the proposal site). The solar panel array would occupy approximately 200
hectares on a site 450 hectares in size. The solar farm would have an expected operating life of up to 50
years. The decommissioning phase would remove all above ground infrastructure from the site.
The key infrastructure elements for the project would include:
A PV array incorporating rows of panels and a series of central inverters and kiosk transformers
Cabling between the PV array and central inverters (underground or frame secured)
Cable connection to the existing 132kV Nyngan substation (underground)
Internal access tracks and upgrades to existing roads
Site office, operations and maintenance buildings incorporating a control room and switching
equipment
Temporary construction facilities such as a site compound and equipment laydown area
2.1.1 Photovoltaic array
The PV array being considered consists of Suntech poly‐crystalline solar panels mounted on a fixed steel
support frame. The maximum height of the array would be 3.5 metres.
The proposed Suntech panels are efficient modules suitable for utility scale solar power generation. Each
panel would be approximately 2 metres long x 1 metre wide. The PV panels would be arranged in rows,
with sufficient spacing between rows to allow maintenance activities such as weed control or panel
washing as required.
The PV panel mounting structures would be supported by steel posts driven into the ground.
2.1.2 Connection to the existing Nyngan substation
The cable connection between the solar farm and existing substation would be via an underground
transmission line.
2.1.3 Access tracks
On site access tracks required for construction and operation would be gravel formations up to 8 metres
in width and may be reduced to 5 metres after the construction phase. Tracks would be maintained for
the lifetime of the solar farm.
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2.1.4 Buildings
Temporary construction buildings would be installed within a fenced facilities area. Additionally, the
following permanent buildings may be constructed at the site: a site office, an operations and
maintenance building incorporating a control room with monitoring and workshop facilities.
2.1.5 Project timing and staging
The construction timeline for the project would be dependent on the timing of approval, funding
arrangements and the supply of key components. However, it is likely that the 10 month construction
period would commence in September 2012. Construction works would be confined to standard
construction hours (Monday‐Friday 7am‐6pm, Saturday 8am‐1pm).
2.1.6 Operational management
A site manager would be employed to manage the facility. Security staff or services would also be
engaged. The PV array and other equipment would be inspected and maintained on an ‘as needs’ basis. A
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system would monitor the operational solar farm and
identify any electrical faults.
Periodic weed control would be undertaken as required. Groundcover vegetation around the panel rows
would be either slashed or grazed by sheep. Regular washing of the solar panels is not expected to be
required. If required, water would be sourced from the Bogan Shire Council or commercial water
suppliers to remove dust or bird excrement. Detergent would not be used.
2.1.7 Decommissioning
The life span of the PV infrastructure is 30 to 50 years. At the end of the project all above‐ground
infrastructure would be removed.
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Figure 2‐1 Location of the proposal
Prepared by:
°
Site boundary
Development envelope
TOPOGRAPHIC CONTEXT: NYNGAN SOLAR FARM SITEPrepared for:
@ A3Reference: 1337‐17
Coordinate system: GDA 94
1:40000
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0 0.5 10.25 Kilometers
Notes:
1.0 Layers prepared by nghenvironmental
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Figure 2‐2: Nyngan Solar Farm layout, View 1: Panel modules, buildings and roads
Existing substation
[_ Public road access
Site boundary
Existing track (proposed construction access)
Laydown area
Temporary laydown area
Proposed roads
Modules and inverters
Site office
Development envelope
°
0 250 500125 Metres
@ A4 Reference: 1337 ‐ 1
1:27000
Coordinate System: GDA94 Zone 55
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Figure 2‐3: Nyngan Solar Farm layout, View 2: Cabling layout
Site boundary
Development envelope
Boundary fence
Existing substation
[_ Public road access
Lot boundaries
Cable trench circuit 1
Cable trench circuit 2
Cable trench circuit 3
Cable trench circuit 4
Transformers
Site office
°
0 250 500125 Metres
@ A4 Reference: 1337 ‐ 2
1:27000
Coordinate System: GDA94 Zone 55
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2.2 PROJECT BENEFITS
The Nyngan Solar Farm would be clean, renewable and sustainable and would emit zero greenhouse
gases (Infigen Energy 2010b). The 100MW solar farm would generate approximately 200GWh of
electricity per year, enough renewable energy to power up to 20,000 homes and would be the equivalent
of removing approximately 30,000 cars from Australian roads each year (Infigen Energy 2010b).
Building a solar farm of this scale in Nyngan would be a major boost to the Australian solar energy
industry. It would provide local employment opportunities both throughout the construction phase and
once the site becomes operational, and would also help to develop local and regional capabilities in solar
photovoltaic plant construction.
The solar farm would contribute to Australia’s Renewable Energy Target (RET) of sourcing 20% of
electricity from renewable sources by 2020.
The Nyngan Solar Farm would:
Provide reliable energy in a market where demand will soon exceed supply
Reduce green house gas emissions that contribute to climate change
Assist in meeting Federal and State policy objectives to enhance the contribution made by
renewable energy sources to meeting demand
Contribute to the development of the utility scale renewable energy industry in NSW
Assist in the experience and learning required in Australia industry to further proliferate utility
scale solar in Australia
Provide a local and regional economic stimulus through jobs and training
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3 CONSIDERATION OF SUBMISSIONS
3.1 EXHIBITION PERIOD AND LOCATION
The Nyngan Solar Farm Environmental Assessment was on public exhibition from Thursday 4th of
November to Monday 6th of December 2010 at:
Department of Planning, Information Centre, 23‐33 Bridge Street, Sydney
Nature Conservation Council of NSW, Level 2/5 Wilson Street Newtown NSW 2042
Bogan Shire Council, 81 Cobar Street, Nyngan
Local residents were notified of the exhibition period through newspaper advertisements placed in the
local papers by the Department of Planning. A media release was issued by Infigen Suntech.
3.2 RESPONSES RECEIVED
The Department of Planning received a total of two submissions; both were from government agencies.
No submissions were received from individual members of the public or representative groups.
Table 3‐1 Responses received
Category Number of submissions
Individual members of the public 0
Interest groups 0
Government agency submissions 2
Total 2
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4 PROPONENT’S RESPONSE TO COMMUNITY SUBMISSIONS
Not applicable. No community submissions were received in relation to the Nyngan Solar Farm proposal.
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5 PROPONENT’S RESPONSE TO GOVERNMENT AGENCY SUBMISSIONS
5.1 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER
Issue Response
Additional studies: Flora Additional flora investigations were conducted (included in Appendix B) in fulfilment of SoC 1 of the EA. As a result of these investigations, the original SoC has been deleted.
See also flora and fauna survey issue below.
Additional studies: Archaeology and
Aboriginal heritage
Additional Archaeology and Aboriginal heritage investigation was conduected (included in Appendix B) in fulfilment of SoC 31 of the EA. As a result of this investigation, the original SoC has been deleted.
Flora and fauna surveys DECCW proposed to amend SOC 1 so as to read:
“A supplementary flora and fauna survey during spring is required to identify us threatened flora and fauna species inhabit the area encompassed by the site and to properly assess the impact of the proposal on threatened species. This will include targeted surveys for the Red Darling‐pea and Slender Darling‐pea”.
Supplementary flora surveys were conducted during early November (spring) specifically targeting the Red‐darling pea and Slender‐darling pea. These species were not detected on the site. An addendum to the original Biodiversity Assessment (Appendix B) concluded that impacts to threatened species are unlikely. Flora surveys were also conducted to confirm vegetation types and condition.
A follow up fauna survey was not considered to be warranted as the fauna survey results and assessments documented in the original Biodiversity Assessment (BA) were not affected by seasonality. Statements of Commitment (SOC) that ensure biodiversity values are maintained or improved are included in the Environmental Assessment, developed from the mitigation measures detailed in the BA.
One additional SoC is proposed, as a precautionary measure, to provide additional assurance that the proposal is unlikely to have a significant impact on hollow dependant threatened fauna species:
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Issue Response
EXISTING SOC 5:
If the removal of any hollow bearing trees is required, this activity would be preceded by a pre‐clearance check by a qualified ecologist including anabat survey and stag watching.
The approach of pre‐clearance surveys has been adopted as a precautionary measure as it is considered unlikely that threatened species occur within the hollow onsite. This approach enables the detection of hollow usage by threatened species that may move onto the site between the project approval and works commencing and is designed to minimise harm to resident fauna. An additional SoC is now proposed however, to address the unlikely situation that a tree to be removed provides important habitat for a threatened species, and provide guidance in this case:
NEW SOC
If pre‐clearance surveys identify hollow‐bearing trees that are significant to the viability of local threatened species populations (for example a threatened microbat roost tree) these trees would be retained and infrastructure would be redesigned to accommodate them.
Offset plan DECCW sought to amend SOC 2 regarding offsetting so as to include:
A requirement for the offset plan to be submitted for approval prior to the commencement of works
A statement that the plan would offset the impact of the development for the period that the impact occurs in
accordance with DECCW’s ‘Principles for the Use of Biodiversity Offsets in NSW’
It is proposed to adopt DECCWs amendments and modify SOC 2 as set out below:
SOC 2 MODIFICATION
An Offset Plan will be prepared by an ecologist consistent with ‘maintain or improve’ principles for biodiversity
outcomes, as set out in the Biodiversity Assessment and submitted for approval prior to the commencement of
works. The plan would be developed in consultation with the landowner and would offset the impact of the
development for the period that the impact occurs in accordance with DECCW’s ‘Principles for the Use of
Biodiversity Offsets in NSW’
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5.2 NSW OFFICE OF WATER
Issue Response
Groundwater interception or use requires licensing
Section 6.1.1 states that “No groundwater extraction at the proposal site is planned as part of the proposal”. The
installation of the solar array and infrastructure would not affect the net amount of water reaching the surface of the
ground during rain or flooding events nor its ability to infiltrate and replenish groundwater systems. In the event water is
required for panel washing, it would be sourced through commercial supplies. Therefore, it is not considered that a license
is required.
No new SOC is considered warranted.
Water Management Plan NOW incorrectly notes that a “water management plan” would be included in the CEMP and OEMP.
The CEMP and OEMP would incorporate surface water quality management of construction impacts, including road
construction works. SOC 48 of the EA includes provision for monitoring of surface water quality following heavy rainfall
events in the Erosion and Sediment Control sub‐plan of the CEMP, which addresses NOW’s concerns regarding surface
water quality monitoring.
No new or modified SOC is considered warranted.
Preparation of a flood management plan
NOW incorrectly notes that a flood management plan would be included in the CEMP and OEMP.
The Nyngan area is prone to flooding and therefore a flood consultant was engaged to undertaken an assessment of
potential flood impacts. This has been provided as Appendix H in the EA. The flood study included:
A review of available flood levels from the Nyngan April 1990 Flood Investigation (DWR 1990)
Interpretation of the reported flood levels in order to determine potential flood levels for the Nyngan site
Creation of flood inundation extent contours
A further flood study or flood management plan is not considered warranted.
No new or modified SOC is considered warranted.
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Issue Response
Provision of CEMP and OEMP to NOW for review prior to project commencement
NOW indicates it requires the CEMP and OEMP to be provided to NOW for review prior to project commencement.
SOC 49 of the EA states “The site CEMP and OEMP could be provided to the New South Wales Office of Water for review of
soil and water management measures for construction and operation, if required”.
It is now recommended that SOC 49 is modified as follows:
SOC MODIFICATION
The site CEMP and OEMP would be provided to the New South Wales Office of Water for review of soil and water
management measures for construction and operation, prior to project commencement.
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6 MODIFICATIONS TO THE PROPOSAL: SUMMARY
As a result of the submissions from Government agencies, a number of changes have been made to the
Statement of Commitments as follows:
6.1 DELETED SOCS
The surveys referred to in these SoCs have now been undertaken. They are documented in Appendix B.
SOC 1 DELETED
A supplementary flora survey during spring (early November) would be required to confirm if threatened flora
species including Slender Darling‐pea and Red Darling‐pea inhabit the higher quality derived grass and
shrubland on the site.
SOC 31 DELETED
An additional field survey would be undertaken in the eastern area of the site to confirm the archaeological
status of that area. The additional field survey would be undertaken in consultation with Registered Aboriginal
Parties.
6.2 NEW SOCS
The following additional SoCs now accompany the proposal:
SOC NEW
If pre‐clearance surveys identify hollow‐bearing trees that are significant to the viability of local threatened
species populations (for example a threatened microbat roost tree) these trees would be retained and
infrastructure would be redesigned to accommodate them.
6.3 MODIFIED SOCS
The following SoCs have had points removed, added or clarified. The number refers to the numbering in
the publically exhibited EA. The revised SoCs are now presented in Appendix A (renumbered).
SOC 2 MODIFICATION
An Offset Plan will be prepared by an ecologist consistent with ‘maintain or improve’ principles for
biodiversity outcomes, as set out in the Biodiversity Assessment and submitted for approval prior to the
commencement of works. The plan would be developed in consultation with the landowner and would
offset the impact of the development for the period that the impact occurs in accordance with DECCW’s
‘Principles for the Use of Biodiversity Offsets in NSW’
SOC 49 MODIFICATION
The site CEMP and OEMP would be provided to the New South Wales Office of Water for review of soil
and water management measures for construction and operation, prior to project commencement.
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7 CONCLUSION
This Submissions Report responds to the comments and issues raised in submissions from the community
and Government agencies following the public exhibition of the Nyngan Solar Farm EA. Specialist advice
has been sought from the consultants involved in the original assessment in preparing these responses.
The Submissions Report fulfils the requirements of Section 75H of the Environmental Planning and
Assessment Act 1979.
In response to the submissions and on the basis of additional investigations:
2 Statements of Commitment have been deleted
1 new Statement of Commitment has been created
2 Statements of Commitment have been modified
In consideration of the assessment of the impacts from the project contained in the EA and the proposed
mitigation measures committed to in the revised Statement of Commitments (included as Appendix A of
this report and supported by additional studies included in Appendix B of this report), it is believed that
all relevant issues and concerns have been addressed and that the project should now proceed for
approval by the Minister.
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APPENDIX A REVISED STATEMENTS OF COMMITMENT The following tables constitute the revised Statements of Commitment to which the proponent commits, pending project approval, to manage the environmental
impacts of the project. Bold entries are new or modified SoCs. Superseded SoCs have been deleted from this list. SoC numbering has been revised.
Biodiversity
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
1 Infrastructure related
biodiversity impacts
Minimise biodiversity
impacts
An Offset Plan will be prepared by an ecologist consistent with ‘maintain or improve’ principles
for biodiversity outcomes, as set out in the Biodiversity Assessment and submitted for
approval prior to the commencement of works. The plan would be developed in consultation
with the landowner and would offset the impact of the development for the period that the
impact occurs in accordance with DECCW’s ‘Principles for the Use of Biodiversity Offsets in
NSW’.
Pre‐construction CEMP
2 Infrastructure related
biodiversity impacts
Minimise biodiversity
impacts
The PV array, site access tracks and other infrastructure should be microsited to avoid
constraints identified within the Biodiversity Assessment constraints mapping. These include:
Stands of Woodland across the site
Hollow bearing trees
Isolated trees, where possible
Areas of Myall Woodland EEC would be avoided. If infrastructure was to be placed within these
areas it would be microsited to avoid and retain Myall individuals particularly in areas of
regeneration.
The denser patches of Coolibah‐Black Box Woodland EEC in the central section of the site would
be avoided and retained. Infrastructure would be microsited to avoid the need for clearing in
this community. No development that would reduce the functionality of these areas as fauna
movement corridors should be undertaken.
Design phase CEMP
3 Infrastructure related Minimise biodiversity Biologically sensitive areas (listed above and displayed on the constraints map, Figure 6‐13 of the
EA) would be clearly identified throughout construction and protected from the direct and
Design phase CEMP
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SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
biodiversity impacts impacts indirect impacts of the Proposal. Contractors and staff will be made aware of the significance
and sensitivity of these areas.
4 Infrastructure related
biodiversity impacts
Minimise biodiversity
impacts
If the removal of any hollow bearing trees was required this activity would be proceeded by a
pre clearance check by a qualified ecologist including anabat survey and stag watching.
Design phase CEMP
5 Infrastructure related
biodiversity impacts
Minimise biodiversity
impacts
If pre‐clearance surveys identify hollow‐bearing trees that are significant to the viability of
local threatened species populations (for example a threatened microbat roost tree) these
trees would be retained and infrastructure would be redesigned to accommodate them.
Pre‐construction
Construction
CEMP
6 Infrastructure related
biodiversity impacts
Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Works will avoid impacts to mature eucalypts wherever possible. Tree protection standards
should comply with Australian standard AS4970‐2009 Protection of trees on development sites
(Standards Australia, 2009). Wherever practicable, excavations and vehicle/machinery
movements will occur outside the canopy dripline of large eucalypts.
Design phase CEMP
7 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Where practical, timber from cleared trees should be relocated into areas of adjacent woodland
to provide foraging habitat for Brown Tree creepers, Grey‐crowned Babblers and Bush Stone‐
curlews, rather than removed or burnt.
Construction CEMP
8 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Existing farm tracks should be used wherever possible to minimise the number of new roads. Construction CEMP
9 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Perimeter fences should not contain barbed wire, particularly the top strands. If a cyclone mesh
fence is to be used efforts should be made to increase the visibility to fast flying parrots.
Construction CEMP
10 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Works should be planned to avoid sensitive times for threatened species Late July to early
December for Gray‐crowned Babblers (Counsilman 1979), June to December for Brown
Treecreepers (Schodde and Tidemann, 2007), May to December for Pink cockatoos and
September to December for Superb Parrots.
Construction CEMP
11 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity Activity would be minimised in the area adjacent to the Brown Treecreeper roost/nest site (refer
to Figure 6‐12 of the EA) at all times. No works would take place within 100m of the Brown
Construction CEMP
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SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
impacts Treecreeper roost/nest site (refer to Figure 6‐12 of the EA).
12 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Where cement is included in cable trench backfill, at least 20 centimetres of cement‐free topsoil
will be replaced as the top layer in the backfill.
Construction CEMP
13 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Where practicable, whole sods will be removed with an excavator where these areas are well‐
vegetated with dense root systems. Sods will be stored in moist, shaded conditions and replaced
following the works. Sod storage time will be minimised and sods will be replaced in a manner
that maximises the chances of re‐establishment.
Construction CEMP
14 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Excavated topsoil, subsoil will be stored separately and replaced in a manner that replicates the
original profile as closely as possible.
Construction CEMP
15 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Where practicable, grass surfaces and shrubs will be retained or restored on infrequently used
vehicle routes.
Construction CEMP
16 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Site stabilisation, rehabilitation and revegetation will be undertaken without delay. Construction CEMP
17 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Works will avoid impacts to mature eucalypts wherever possible. Tree protection standards
should comply with Australian standard AS4970‐2009 Protection of trees on development sites
(Standards Australia, 2009). Wherever practicable, excavations and vehicle/machinery
movements will occur outside the canopy dripline of large eucalypts.
Construction CEMP
18 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
As a general rule, disturbed areas will be used preferentially for vehicle and machinery access,
materials laydown, stockpiling of cleared vegetation and the deposition and retrieval of spoil
whenever practicable.
Construction CEMP
19 Operational impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Efforts should be made to minimise disturbance to the existing groundcover during construction.
Construction and maintenance vehicles should not access the site when soils are very wet to
minimise soil compaction and disturbance.
Operation OEMP
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SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
20 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Works will be avoided during, and immediately following heavy rainfall events to protect soils
and vegetation at the site.
Construction CEMP
21 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
A weed management plan would be developed for the site including but not limited to the
following outcomes;
The control of noxious weeds recorded on the site
Preventative measures for the spread or introduction of weeds
Monitoring of control and preventative measures and ongoing adaptive management
Construction CEMP
22 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Laydown sites for excavated spoil, equipment and construction materials will be weed‐free or
treated for weeds wherever practicable. Sediment control materials should be weed free such as
certified weed free hay bales or geotextiles. Imported materials such as sand and gravel will be
sourced from sites which do not show evidence of noxious weeds or Phytophthora infection.
Construction CEMP
23 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
If dams are removed during site development works, alternative watering points should be
established to compensate for their loss and maintain similar habitat resources for native fauna.
Construction CEMP
24 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
If used, and where practicable, power poles and overhead powerlines will be bird‐safe using
flags or marker balls, large wire size and wire and conductor spacing.
Construction CEMP
25 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Log habitat removed during the construction phase will be reinstated following the works. Construction CEMP
26 Construction impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Trenches should be left open for the least time practical and would be inspected for trapped
fauna prior to back filling. Any trench sections left open overnight would be inspected early in
the morning and any trapped fauna removed. The use of ramps or ladders to facilitate trapped
fauna escape is recommended if trenches are to be left open overnight.
Construction CEMP
27 Operational impacts Minimise biodiversity A groundcover management plan would be developed that would include regular monitoring of Operation OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐V
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
impacts vegetation cover and composition and allow for adaptive management. This would include:
Advice from an agronomist in relation to preferred species/varieties, establishment
methods of alternative pastures and best practice management.
Where information is lacking, trials may be required onsite.
The establishment of shade tolerant perennial groundcover across the cropping and exotic
dominated grazing paddocks prior to the installation of the PV arrays.
28 Operational impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
If localised erosion is detected, effective treatments would be applied without delay, such as
hardening with mulch, reseeding and covering with an open weave jute matting, gypsum
application to improve structure and infiltration, protection with geotextile fabric or localised
flow dispersal and diversion structures.
Operation OEMP
29 Operational impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
The space between the PV array rows should be maintained and kept clear to enable access by
vehicles for ongoing weed control, and pasture renovation if required.
Operation OEMP
30 Operational impacts Minimise biodiversity
impacts
Monitoring of fauna site habitat usage pre and post construction is recommended
but not considered essential. Operation OEMP
Indigenous Heritage
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
31 Impact on local Aboriginal
community
Minimise impact Ongoing consultation would be undertaken with Registered Aboriginal Parties All CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐VI
Visual Amenity
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
32 Deterioration of visual amenity
during construction
Mitigate impacts Measures to reduce visual impacts during construction, including but not limited to the
following:
Dust reduction throughout the construction process
Prompt restoration of any earthworks required for the construction
Clearing of existing vegetation would be kept to a minimum
Construction CEMP
33 Deterioration of visual amenity
by solar panels and associated
infrastructure
Mitigate impacts Measures include but are not limited to the following:
Colour of above ground infrastructure to be sympathetic to the landscape character
Underground cabling to be utilised if practical
The design and location of ancillary works are to incorporate measures which would
reduce the visual impact
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
34 Deterioration of visual amenity
at surrounding residences
Mitigate impacts Visual screen planting is to be undertaken in the form of boundary planting around
the solar farm, foreground planting at affected viewpoints and residential tree
planting
Tree planting would be undertaken in consultation with relevant landowners to
achieve screening for homesteads with a high visual impact to strategically block
parts of the development
Species typical of the area (mallee scrub) would be selected to enhance the existing
landscape character
Post construction OEMP
35 Creation of a visual attraction Maximise visual
opportunities
A designated viewing area may be provided where visitors would be able to safely view the solar
farm and surrounding landscape.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐VII
Noise
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
36 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Construction would be undertaken during standard working hours of:
Monday – Friday: 7am to 6pm
Saturday: 8am to 1pm
Sunday and public holidays: No work
All CEMP
OEMP
37 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Construction staff would be made aware of noise sensitive receivers and would be made aware
of noise reduction options.
All CEMP
OEMP
38 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Periods of respite would be provided in the case of unavoidable maximum noise level events. All CEMP
OEMP
39 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Reasonable and feasible measures to reduce noise would be implemented and could include
reducing the throttle setting and turning off equipment when not being used.
All CEMP
OEMP
40 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Equipment and plant would be maintained to reduce noise emissions. All CEMP
OEMP
41 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Mobile plant clustering near residences would be avoided. All CEMP
OEMP
42 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance A 24 hour toll‐free contact phone number for enquiries during the works would be provided. All CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐VIII
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
43 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance A documented complaints process would be implemented and would include an escalation
procedure so that if a complainant is not satisfied there is a clear path to follow.
All CEMP
OEMP
44 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Compliance Where complaints occur safeguards would be reviewed to determine if further safeguards are
required or possible.
All CEMP
OEMP
45 Noise impacts to sensitive
receivers
Consultation Consultation with neighbours within 1 kilometre of the site would occur prior to construction
commencing and would focus on identifying particular times of inconvenience.
Pre‐construction CEMP
Hydrology and Water Quality
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
46 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface Water)
Minimise risk Infrastructure placement, including tracks, substations, control buildings, stockpiles, and site
compounds and turnaround areas, would not be sited within 40 metres of a major drainage line
or water course.
Detailed design CEMP
47 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface Water)
Achieve neutral or
beneficial water quality
impact
The proponent would prepare an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) as a sub plan of the
Construction Environmental Management Plan. This plan would include the following provisions:
Sediment traps would be installed wherever there is potential for sediment to collect
and enter waterways
Stockpiles generated as a result of construction activities would be bunded with silt
fencing, (mulch bunds or similar) to reduce the potential for runoff from these areas
On the steeper slopes check banks would be installed across the trenchline, as
appropriate, following closure of the trench. These would discharge runoff to areas of
stable vegetation
Construction CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐IX
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
Stabilisation and site remediation would be undertaken as soon as practicable
throughout and post construction
Soil and water management practices would be developed as set out in Soils and
Construction Vol. 1 (Landcom 2004)
Monitoring of surface water quality would be undertaken following heavy rainfall
events
48 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface Water)
Achieve neutral or
beneficial water quality
impact
The site CEMP and OEMP would be provided to the New South Wales Office of Water for
review of soil and water management measures for construction and operation, prior to
project commencement.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
49 Flooding Minimise impact Low‐lying areas of the site would be avoided for stockpiling and storage of plant, equipment and
infrastructure.
Construction CEMP
50 Flooding Minimise impact Disturbed areas of the site would be rehabilitated as soon as possible as works progress. Construction CEMP
51 Water supply Minimise risk Undertake liaison with representatives of Bogan Shire Council regarding the potential supply of
construction water.
Construction CEMP
52 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface Water)
Minimise risk All vehicles onsite would follow established trails and minimise onsite movements. Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
53 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface and Ground Water)
Minimise risk Maintenance or re‐fuelling of machinery would be carried out on hard‐stand in accordance with
industry standards for fuel transfer.
Construction CEMP
54 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface and Ground Water)
Minimise risk Carry out dust suppression as required through either watering or chemical means
(environmentally friendly polymer based additives to water).
Construction
Decommissioning
CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐X
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
55 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface Water)
Achieve neutral or
beneficial water quality
impact
A Site Restoration Plan (SRP) would be prepared as part of the Construction Environmental
Management Plan. This would set out protocols for rehabilitation of disturbed areas as soon as
possible after soil disturbance. It would include:
Site preparation
Stabilisation
Revegetation
Monitoring
Construction
Decommissioning
CEMP
56 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface and Ground Water)
Minimise risk A Spill Response Plan would be prepared as part of the CEMP and OEMP including:
Identify persons responsible for implementing the plan if a spill of a dangerous or
hazardous chemical/waste would occur
Identify all chemicals required for the proposal, including physio‐chemical properties,
risks posed to water quality objectives and appropriate methods of storage of these
chemicals
Locate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemical inventories at on site and
readily available
Comply with manufacturers recommendations in relation to application and disposal
where chemicals are used
Report any spill that occurs to the Construction Manager regardless of the size of the
spill
Establish clearly defined works and refuelling areas
Spill protocols in this plan would dictate when the EPA would be notified
Chemical / fuel storage areas would be identified, and be bunded to prevent loss of
any pollutants
Hydrocarbon spill kits would be stored at the site. A number of site staff are to be
trained in the use of the spill kits
Notification to the NSW DECCW EPA in the event of any spill that had the potential to
Construction
Operation
Decommissioning
CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XI
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
pollute waters
57 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface and Ground Water)
Minimise risk Monitor bunded infrastructure to ensure that volume of oil could be fully contained in the event
of leak.
Operation OEMP
58 Deterioration of water quality
(Surface and Ground Water)
Minimise risk Maintain septic systems, if installed, to meet appropriate Australian standards. Construction
Operation
Decommissioning
CEMP
OEMP
59 Flooding Minimise impact Kiosk transformers and central inverters would be raised by 0.5 metre subject to final
engineering designs to prevent impacts in the event of a 1:250 year flood.
Construction CEMP
Traffic and Access
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
60 Safety and asset protection Minimise risk The proponent would develop and implement a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) in consultation
with roads authorities to facilitate appropriate management of potential traffic impacts. The
TMP would include provisions for:
Scheduling of deliveries and managing timing of transport
Limiting the number of trips per day
Undertaking community consultation before and during all haulage activities
Designing and implementing temporary modifications to intersections, roadside
furniture, stock grids and gates
Managing the haulage process, including the erection of warning and/or advisory
speed signage prior to isolated curves, crests, narrow bridges and change of road
Construction CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XII
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
conditions
Designation of a speed limit would be placed on all of the roads that would be used
primarily by construction traffic
Preparation of a Transport Code of Conduct to be made available to all contractors
and staff
Identification of a procedure to monitor the traffic impacts during construction and
work methods modified (where required) to reduce the impacts
Provide a contact phone number to enable any issues or concerns to be rapidly
identified and addressed through appropriate procedures
Reinstatement of pre‐existing conditions after temporary modifications to the roads
and pavement along the route
61 Community safety and
convenience
Minimise impact The proponent would use a licensed haulage contractor with experience in transporting similar
loads, responsible for obtaining all required approvals and permits from the RTA and Councils
and for complying with conditions specified in those approvals.
Construction CEMP
62 Safety and asset protection Minimise impact The proponent would prepare road dilapidation reports covering pavement and drainage
structures in consultation with roads authorities for the route prior to the commencement of
construction and after construction is complete.
Construction CEMP
63 Safety and asset protection Minimise impact The proponent would repair any damage resulting from the construction traffic (except that
resulting from normal wear and tear) as required during and after completion of construction at
the proponent’s cost or, alternately, negotiate an alternative for road damage with the relevant
roads authority.
Construction CEMP
64 Noise impacts Minimise impact Route specific mitigation measures, which will be investigated and detailed further in the
Traffic Management Plan, include potential for utilising access routes diverted around the town
via Cemetery Road or Tottenham Road in the event of several complaints occurring regarding
additional traffic noise as a result of vehicle deliveries.
Construction CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XIII
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
65 Noise impacts Minimise impact The Community Consultation Plan would include consultation with potential affected residents
on Hoskins Street, Pangee Street and other local roads as a result of additional traffic noise.
Construction CEMP
66 Air quality Minimise impact Water carts would be used on unsealed roads in the event that dust becomes a problem as a
result of construction vehicle movements.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
67 Soils Minimise impact Erosion and sediment controls would be implemented at unsealed roads frequently used for
vehicle access e.g. East Nyngan Road.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
Soils and Landforms
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
68 Erosion Minimise impact Progressive Erosion and Sediment Control Plans would be prepared for the site, including
controls at drainage lines and slopes.
Construction CEMP
69 Erosion Minimise risk Erosion and sediment control plans would include measures from controlling erosion at unsealed
roads where impacts could occur from excessive vehicle use.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
70 Erosion Minimise impact Cable trenches would be dug beneath or beside internal access roads to minimise disturbance. Construction CEMP
71 Soil quality Minimise risks Subsoil would be separated from topsoil for rehabilitation purposes. Topsoil from excavation
would be stockpiled and replaced. On steep slopes, topsoil would be stabilised. Any excess
subsoil would be removed from the site and disposed of at an appropriate fill storage site.
Construction CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XIV
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
72 Soil quality Minimise impact Avoid compaction of soil resulting from vehicle access and laying of materials particularly during
saturated soil conditions, and remediate as necessary.
Construction CEMP
73 Soil loss or stability of landform
loss
Minimise risks Concrete wash would be deposited in an excavated area, below the level of the topsoil, or in an
approved landfill site. Where possible, waste water and solids would be reused onsite.
Construction CEMP
74 Soil loss or stability of landform
loss
Minimise risks Access routes and tracks would be confined to already disturbed areas, where possible. All
contractors would be advised to keep to established tracks.
Construction CEMP
75 Soil quality Minimise risks A spill response plan would be developed for all phases of the project. This would include trigger
points of when to notify the DECCW.
Construction
Decommissioning
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
76 Soil loss or stability of landform
loss Minimise impact
If runoff below panels result in localised erosion, the affected soils at the site should be treated
and protected without delay. Operation OEMP
77 Soil loss or stability of landform
loss Minimise risk
The proponent would routinely monitor soil condition and vegetation cover below the array and
liaise with the landowner regarding stock and vegetation management issues as required. Operation OEMP
78 Soil quality Minimise risk Site restoration plan would be implemented to include deep rooted species to prevent dryland
salinity.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
79 Soil quality Minimise risks The substation augmentation would include provision of a bunded container to a capacity of
110% and regularly inspected and maintained to ensure leaks are not present.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XV
Historic Heritage
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
80 Disturbance to a potential
heritage item or relic
Minimise disturbance In the event of an item of heritage significance being uncovered at the proposal site after works
commence, the NSW Heritage Branch (Department of Planning) should be contacted prior to
further work being undertaken at the site.
Construction
Decommissioning
CEMP
Air Quality and Climate
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
81 Air quality Minimise risks Dust levels at stockpile sites would be visually monitored. Dust suppression would be
implemented if required (through either watering or chemical means ‐ environmentally friendly
polymer based additives to water). Stockpiles would be stabilised (covered or seeded).
Construction CEMP
82 Air quality Minimise risks Water carts would be used on unsealed access roads regularly during all phases of the project to
prevent dust impacts. This safeguard would be applied to access roads in use only.
All CEMP
OEMP
83 Air quality Minimise risks Should a complaint relating to dust by a resident be received, it would be managed in
accordance with a complaints handling process. Response to the compliant could include dust
monitoring, assessment of dust gauges and identification of any additional mitigation measures,
where required.
Construction CEMP
Waste Management and Resource Use
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
84 Waste generation Minimise waste and
maximise recycling of
materials
The proponent would prepare a Waste Management Plan to be included within the Construction
Environmental Management Plan. It would include but not be limited to the following:
The scope for reuse and recycling would be evaluated
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XVI
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
Provision for recycling would be made onsite
Wastes would be disposed of at appropriate facilities
Toilet facilities would be provided for onsite workers and sullage from the
contractor’s pump out toilet facilities would be disposed at the local sewage
treatment plants or other suitable facility agreed to by Council
Excavated material would be used in road base construction where possible. Surplus
material would be disposed of in appropriate locations on site (on agreement with
the landowner), finished with topsoil, and revegetated
85 Waste generation Maximise recycling of
materials
PV modules would be recycled, where possible. Decommissioning
Socioeconomic and Community
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
86 Impact on current land use Minimise impact Develop, implement and monitor the effects of a Site Restoration Plan. The plan would aim to
stabilise disturbed areas. The Plan would consider:
Appropriate stabilisation techniques across the precincts
Suitable species for re‐seeding (native, locally occurring species would be given
preference in areas dominated by native cover)
Monitoring for weed and erosion issues
Construction
Decommissioning
CEMP
87 Impact on current land use Minimise disruption Liaison would be undertaken with neighbouring landowners to provide information about the
timing and routes to be used during construction and decommissioning. This could be in the
form of advertising and provision of a contact point for further inquiries. The aim would be to
reduce the risk of interference with agricultural activities on affected roads and road verges.
Construction CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XVII
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
88 Affect on local community Maximise positive
impact of proposal
Liaise with local industry representatives to maximise the use of local contractors and
manufacturing facilities in the construction and decommissioning phases of the project.
Construction CEMP
89 Affect on local community Maximise positive
impact of proposal
Liaise with the local visitor information centres to ensure that construction and decommissioning
timing and haulage routes are known well in advance of works and to the extent practical
coordinated with local events, such as the Nyngan Ag Expo.
Construction CEMP
90 Affect on local community Maximise positive
impact of proposal
Make available employment opportunities and training for the ongoing operation of the solar
farm to local residents where reasonable.
Operation OEMP
Mineral Resources and Land Use Impacts
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
91 Conflict with mineral
exploration
Minimise conflict Consultation with St. Barbara Limited (mineral lease holder) would occur prior to
commencement of construction.
Pre‐construction CEMP
92 Impact on current land use Minimise impacts A Site Restoration Plan would be developed to ensure stabilisation of disturbed areas as quickly
as possible. The Plan would consider:
Appropriate stabilisation techniques across the precincts
Suitable species for re‐seeding (native, locally occurring species would be given
preference) in areas dominated by native cover
Monitoring for weed and erosion issues
Construction
Decommissioning
CEMP
93 Impact on current land use Minimise disruption Liaison would be undertaken with neighbouring landowners and landowners adjoining access
roads, to provide information about the timing and routes to be used during construction and
decommissioning. This could be in the form of advertising and provision of a contact point for
further inquiries. The aim would be to reduce the risk of interference with agricultural activities
Construction CEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XVIII
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
on affected roads and road verges.
94 Impact on current land use Minimise impact Consideration would be given to the grazing of sheep beneath the panels. Operation OEMP
Health and Safety
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
95 Radiation exposure from EMFs Minimise exposure Adhere to standard industry approaches and policies with respect to EMF through maintenance
of adequate easements around transmission lines.
Operation OEMP
96 Radiation exposure from EMFs Minimise exposure The substation upgrade and transmission lines would be located as far as practical from
residences, farm sheds, and yards in order to reduce the potential for both chronic and acute
exposure.
Operation OEMP
Fire and Bushfire Issues and Impacts
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
97 Bushfire risk Minimise risk The proponent would prepare a Bushfire Management Plan as part of the Construction
Environmental Management Plan and Operation Environmental Management Plan. The Rural
Fire Service and NSW Fire Brigade would be consulted in regard to its adequacy to manage
bushfire risks during construction, operation and decommissioning. The plan would as a
minimum include:
Hot‐work procedures, asset protection zones, safety, communication, site access and
response protocols in the event of a fire originating in the solar farm infrastructure,
or in the event of an external wildfire threatening the solar farm or nearby persons or
property
Fire response planning would address any potential for dangerous gas emissions from
Construction
Operation
Decommissioning
CEMP
OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 A‐XIX
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project phase Auditing
the solar farm during a fire event to affect firefighters and neighbouring residents
Flammable materials and ignition sources brought onto the site, such as
hydrocarbons, would be handled and stored as per manufacturer’s instructions
During the construction phase, appropriate fire fighting equipment would be held
onsite when the fire danger is very high to extreme, and a minimum of one person on
site would be trained in its use. The equipment and level of training would be
determined in consultation with the local RFS
Asset protection zones (APZs), based on the RFS Planning for Bushfire Protection,
would be maintained around the site buildings and in the transmission line corridor.
Workplace health and safety protocols would be developed to minimise the risk of
fire for workers during construction and during maintenance in the control room and
amenities
Fire extinguishers would be stored onsite in each of the site buildings
98 Bushfire risk Minimise risk If sowing of pasture grasses in the PV array area is required, low growing species should be
selected.
Construction
Operation
CEMP
OEMP
99 Bushfire risk Minimise risk Pasture would be maintained at a low height (<100mm) below the PV array using sheep grazing
or slashing. Operation OEMP
100 Bushfire risk Minimise risk Appropriate firefighting equipment would be maintained on the site during the operation of the
solar farm, including protective clothing. Staff would be trained in its use. Operation OEMP
101 Bushfire risk Minimise risk A formal response procedure would be developed for operation staff at the solar farm, including
notification of neighbouring and downwind landholders if required. Operation OEMP
102 Bushfire risk Minimise risk
The transformers would be bunded to a capacity of 110% and regularly inspected and
maintained to ensure leaks do not present a fire hazard, and to ensure the bunded area is clear
(including removing any rainwater).
Operation OEMP
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 B‐I
APPENDIX B ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 B‐II
B.1 FLORA ADDENDUM
Biodiversity Assessment
Addendum
NYNGAN SOLAR FARM
DECEMBER 2010
Nyngan Solar Farm Biodiversity Assessment Addendum
1/216 carp st (po box470) bega nsw 2550 australia t 61 2 6492 8333 f 61 2 6494 7773
web: www.nghenvironmental.com.au email: [email protected]
206/410 elizabeth st
surry hills nsw 2010 australia
t 61 2 8202 8333 f 61 2 9211 1374
102/63-65 johnston st (po box 5464)
wagga wagga nsw 2650 australia
t 61 2 6971 9696 f 61 2 6971 9693
unit 9/65 tennant st (po box 1037)
fyshwick act 2609 australia
t 61 2 6280 5053 f 61 2 6280 9387
suite 6/234 naturaliste tce
dunsborough wa 6281 australia
t 61 8 9759 1985 f 61 2 6494 7773
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Job title: Nyngan Solar Farm Biodiversity Assessment
Addendum
Project File
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1550\Report\Draft\Nyngan BA addendum v1.0.docx
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Nyngan Solar Farm Biodiversity Assessment Addendum
Nyngan BA addendum v1.0.docx
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
2 METHODS ............................................................................................................... 2
3 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 4
3.1 TARGETED SURVEYS ...................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 ADDITIONAL AREAS SURVEYED ..................................................................................................... 5
3.3 VEGETATION CONDITION AT THE TIME OF THE SURVEY ............................................................... 6
4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 9
5 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX A REVISED FLORA SPECIES LISTS ............................................................. A-1
Tables
Table 1-1 Threatened flora species with potential to occur on site ............................................................. 1
Table 3-1 Additional survey sites and corresponding vegetation types and condition ................................ 6
Figures
Figure 2-1 Locations of targeted threatened species searches and additional survey points at the Nyngan
Solar Farm site ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Figure 3-1 Broughton Pea (Swainsona procumbens) in flower at the subject site ....................................... 4
Figure 3-2 Grazed Myall regeneration in the eastern paddock at the proposal site. ................................... 5
Figure 3-3 An area dominated by *Lepidium spp. In the northern area of the central section of the site ... 7
Figure 3-4 Good condition native pasture in the north of the eastern paddock. ......................................... 7
Figure 3-5 Area of high fdiversity grassland in the north of the eastern paddock ....................................... 8
Nyngan Solar Farm Biodiversity Assessment Addendum
Nyngan BA addendum v1.0.docx
1
1 INTRODUCTION
A Biodiversity Assessment was completed in October 2010 as part of an environmental assessment for
the proposed Nyngan Solar Farm located in central western New South Wales (nghenvironmental
2010). The Department of Planning issued Director Generals Requirements on 01 September 2010
indicating that the EA must specifically consider threatened flora species and Endangered Ecological
Communities that have potential to occur on the site. The seasonal timing of the fieldwork for the
Biodiversity Assessment (winter 2010) was not suitable for the detection of the following two
threatened species with potential to occur on the site:
Table 1-1 Threatened flora species with potential to occur on site
Species Status
Red Darling-pea (Swainsona plagiotropis) Vulnerable (TSC, EPBC)
Slender Darling-pea (Swainsona murrayana) Vulnerable (TSC, EPBC)
To determine if these threatened species were at risk from the proposed development, the following
recommendation was made within the original Biodiversity Assessment:
“Supplementary surveys, prior to finalisation of infrastructure layout, are required to confirm the
assumptions of this assessment as follows:
o A supplementary flora survey during spring (early November) would be required to
confirm if threatened flora species including Slender Darling-pea and Red Darling-pea
inhabit the higher quality derived grass and shrubland on the site. This survey would
be undertaken prior to finalisation of infrastructure layout and prior to project
determination. The probability of these species occurring is considered low and the
surveys would be undertaken to verify the assumptions made in the Assessment of
Significance.”
This supplementary survey report addresses this recommendation and presents:
The methods and results of targeted searches for identified subject species, and other State-
and Commonwealth-listed threatened species potentially present at the subject site
Updated information regarding seasonal variation in species composition and vegetation
condition and distribution at the site
Further recommendations required to manage biodiversity impacts of the proposal
Nyngan Solar Farm Biodiversity Assessment Addendum
Nyngan BA addendum v1.0.docx
2
2 METHODS
The supplementary survey was undertaken by two botanists (Dave Maynard and Kelly Simpson) on 3rd
November, 2010.
The targeted searches involved searches on foot through all areas of suitable habitat within the
development envelope. Areas of marginal habitat were also included as a precautionary measure and
searched from a slow moving vehicle. Searches were conducted in pairs, employing linear transects
spaced 10m apart. A total of 19 person hours was spent on the targeted search transects and vehicle-
based surveys covering approximately 144 hectares. A search at the location of a known record of the
Red Darling-pea approximately 35 kilometres north-west of the site was also undertaken to confirm
flowering time.
During targeted searches, particular attention was paid to native species composition and diversity to
confirm condition assumptions made during the original survey for the Biodiversity Assessment. Other
areas not inspected during the original survey which were later included within the development
envelope were surveyed to ascertain vegetation types and conditions. The locations of these surveys
are indicated on (Figure 2-1).
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Figure 2-1 Locations of targeted threatened species searches and additional survey points at the Nyngan Solar Farm site
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3 RESULTS
3.1 TARGETED SURVEYS
None of the threatened species targeted during the survey were recorded at the subject site however,
the more common Broughton Pea (Swainsona procumbens) was detected on the site in numerous
locations in full flower and fruit (Figure 3-1). A search was conducted at a known location for the Red
Darling-pea (Swainsona plagiotropis) to confirm flowering times but it was not located. However, two
individuals of Swainsona campylantha were detected during the search.
Climatic conditions had been favourable prior to the survey with good rains in the preceding weeks
and numerous native wild flowers were in flower at the site, including species of Swainsona. This
suggests that it is likely that if the threatened species targeted at the site were present they would
have been detectable.
Figure 3-1 Broughton Pea (Swainsona procumbens) in flower at the subject site
During the targeted surveys two small areas of Myall regeneration were identified in the eastern
paddock that was not detected during the original survey (Figure 3-2). These areas are within the
development envelope and are likely to be impacted by the proposal. Individuals within these areas
exhibited evidence of being grazed relatively heavily by stock. Given the small size of the patches, the
levels of disturbance and the occurrence of more extensive areas of Myall Woodland within the site
boundary (including regeneration) the clearing of these small patches is not considered to alter the
assumptions made in the original Biodiversity Assessment. Extensive areas of Myall Woodland were
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also detected in the locality and at the regional scale when travelling to the location of the known
record of the Red Darling-pea.
The declared noxious weed, Mexican Poppy (*Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca) was detected
on a disturbed embankment adjacent to the dam in the south of the central areas of Black Box
Woodland. This is listed as a Class 5 noxious weed within the Bogan local control area and the
requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with.
Figure 3-2 Grazed Myall regeneration in the eastern paddock at the proposal site.
3.2 ADDITIONAL AREAS SURVEYED
Due to refinements to the site boundary and development envelope (DE) following the original surveys
in July 2010, several areas within the revised DE had not been completely surveyed. These areas were
included in the current survey (Figure 2-1). Vegetation types and condition are summarized in Table
3-1. Generally these areas were found to be similar in composition and condition to adjacent areas
included in the original survey. Site 3 (south of the piggery) was located in a paddock that showed
evidence of past tilling. At the time of the survey this area had been colonised predominately by native
Sclerolaena and Atriplex species and exotic grasses however, given current land management practices
it is likely that it will be tilled in the future and planted with exotic pasture species. Due to the high
levels of disturbance, the area is not considered to be representative of a derived grassland or
shrubland and is not considered to comprise Black Box Woodland EEC.
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Vegetation condition was rated according to the following four-point scale, focusing on floristic
integrity in the groundcover and shrub layers:
Exotic Groundlayer dominated by exotics, native shrubs and trees sparse or absent
Poor Understorey dominated by one or two native grass or shrub species, <5 native forbs
Moderate Understorey dominated by native grasses or shrubs, 5-11 native forb species present
Good Understorey dominated by native grasses or shrubs with a diversity of forbs (at least 12
native forb species).
These classes are considered most relevant for vegetation types with a naturally diverse grassy
groundcover and shrub layer, such as the woodland and natural grassland observed on the site.
An updated species list with additional species recorded during the survey is included as Appendix A.
Table 3-1 Additional survey sites and corresponding vegetation types and condition
Site Community and location Dominant species Condition Significance
1 Black Box Woodland/Myall Woodland derived grass/shrubland
- alluvial clays
MGA 521426 6505455
Chloris truncata, Austrodanthonia spp., Austrostipa spp., Rhodanthe corymbiflora
Moderate-good
Moderate
2 Derived grass/shrubland
- alluvial clays
MGA 520497 6505756
Chloris truncata, Enteropogon acicularis, Sclerolaena tricuspis, Sclerolaena birchii
Poor-moderate
Low-moderate
3 Native shrubland
- disturbed area previously tilled
MGA 519453 6504841
Sclerolaena diacantha, Sclerolaena tricuspis, Atriplex sp., *Hordeum leporinum
Poor Low
4 Exotic pasture
- alluvial clays, dry area
MGA 519706 6505846
*Hordeum leporinum, *Trifolium spp., Sclerolaena spp.
Exotic Low
3.3 VEGETATION CONDITION AT THE TIME OF THE SURVEY
Favourable rains in the weeks preceding the survey had lead to vigorous vegetation growth across the
site. In general, the condition classes assigned in the original Biodiversity Assessment were confirmed
during the recent survey. Areas of the western paddocks were heavily infested with exotic annual
grasses but these were interspersed with predominately native vegetation. Areas to the north of the
Black box Woodland remnants in the centre of the site were dominated by exotic forbs such as
*Lepidium spp. (Figure 3-3).
Species diversity had increased dramatically in the northern section of the eastern paddock (Figure 3-4
& Figure 3-5). In general, the area north of the existing transmission line within the DE was dominated
by native grasses with a high diversity of native forb species. Additional species recorded are included
in the revised species list provided in Appendix A. It is difficult to determine from which vegetation
community the native pasture in this area is derived. Scattered Myall occurs in the southern section
and remnant Black Box Woodland occurs to the north of the site. The bulk of the pasture is likely to be
derived from Myall Woodland and many of the species recorded are common to this community.
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Native grassland derived from this community does not form part of the Myall Woodland EEC as
defined by the Scientific Committees determination for this community (DECCW 2010). However,
being in good condition and given the general lack of vegetation in this condition on the site, it is still
considered to be of high value. It is possible that the species diversity in this area may persist under
the proposed solar array but no information regarding its ability to persist in shaded conditions was
able to be referenced.
Figure 3-3 An area dominated by *Lepidium spp. In the northern area of the central section of the
site
Figure 3-4 Good condition native pasture in the north of the eastern paddock.
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Figure 3‐5 Area of high diversity grassland in the north of the eastern paddock
Site boundary
Vegetation (type, condition)
Black Box Woodland (EEC TSC), Moderate to good
Black Box Woodland (EEC TSC),Moderate
Black Box Woodland (EEC TSC), Poor to moderate
Derived grassland (BBW) (EEC TSC), Poor to moderate
Myall Woodland (EEC TSC), Moderate
Myall Woodland (EEC TSC), Poor to moderate
Native pasture, Poor to moderate
Exotic pasture or crop
Native pasture, good
°
0 0.5 10.25 Kilometers
@ A4 Reference: 1550‐1
1:27000
Coordinate System: GDA94 Zone 55
www.nghenvironmental.com.au
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4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The Nyngan Solar Farm Biodiversity Assessment concluded that the impacts to flora values at the
subject site resulting from the proposal would not be significant in light of the general low condition of
the native vegetation within the development envelope, the low habitat values and the local
abundance of similar vegetation in the locality. The findings of the supplementary survey support
these conclusions. An area of good condition native pasture in the north-east of the site was detected
during the supplementary survey however, it is not considered to comprise a threatened entity.
The declared noxious weed, Mexican Poppy (*Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca) was detected
on a disturbed embankment adjacent to the dam in the south of the central areas of Black Box
Woodland. This is listed as a Class 5 noxious weed within the Bogan Local Control Area and the
requirements in the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 for a notifiable weed must be complied with.
None of the threatened subject species were recorded at the subject site and, on the basis of observed
condition and low integrity of the majority of the potential habitat at the site, their occurrence is
considered unlikely. The timing of the survey was considered suitable for detecting these species and
targeted searches would likely have detected these species if present.
Although there are no legislative requirements associated with the area of high diversity grassland in
the north-east of the site, this area is considered to have value in that higher diversity grassland is
poorly represented on the site. Ideally, this area would be avoided by the proposal however, if this is
not possible it is recommended that further consultation with a qualified agronomist be undertaken to
investigate appropriate management techniques for maintaining the biodiversity values of this area
under the photovoltaic array. An additional Statement of Commitment (SoC) and the rewording of
draft SoC 27 in the Environmental Assessment are required to achieve this outcome and are presented
below.
SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project
phase
Auditing
New Construction
impacts
Minimise
biodiversity
impacts
The area of good condition high diversity native
grassland in the north of the eastern paddock would
preferentially be avoided by the proposal. If avoidance
is not possible appropriate management procedures
would be included in the ground cover management
plan to maintain biodiversity values in this area.
Construction CEMP
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SoC Impact Objective Mitigation tasks Project
phase
Auditing
27
modified
Operational
impacts
Minimise
biodiversity
impacts
A groundcover management plan would be developed
that would include regular monitoring of vegetation
cover and composition and allow for adaptive
management. The aim would be to establish shade
tolerant perennial groundcover across the cropping
and exotic dominated grazing paddocks under the
panel array and maintain biodiversity values in better
quality areas.This would include:
Advice from an agronomist in relation to
preferred species/varieties, establishment
methods of alternative pastures and best
practice management.
Advice from an agronomist in relation to
maintaining biodiversity values in the high
diversity grassland area in the north of the
eastern paddock (if it is unable to be
avoided by the proposal).
Where information is lacking, trials may be
required onsite.
Operation OEMP
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5 REFERENCES
Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW) (2010) Threatened species,
populations and ecological communities of NSW, Department of Environment and Climate
Change NSW accessed at http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.
Harden, G.J. (ed.), (1990-2002) Flora of New South Wales. Volumes 1-4, Royal Botanic Gardens
Sydney, University of New South Wales Press, Kensington, New South Wales.
nghenvironmental (2010) Biodiversity Assessment - Nyngan Solar Farm, prepared for Infigen Suntech,
October 2010
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Appendix A REVISED FLORA SPECIES LISTS
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The survey area was stratified into 5 relatively homogeneous survey zones based on Proposal
elements, vegetation structure and topography:
WP Native pasture and Chenopod shrubland (western area): sites 2, 6
CA Cropped areas/Improved pasture (central area and far south east): site 7, 9
BBW Black Box woodland (central area and scattered in western area): sites 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11
MW Myall woodland and grassland (eastern area): sites 12, 13, 14
SS Disturbed and planted area (around existing sub station): site 3
Cover/abundance assessments are based on visual estimates of foliage cover (after Carnahan 1997),
scored using a modified Braun-Blanquet 6-point scale:
1 1 to a few individuals present, less than 5% cover
2 many individuals present, but still less than 5% cover
3 5 - <20% cover
4 20 - <50% cover
5 50 - <75% cover
6 75 - 100% cover.
Where the cover/abundance of a particular species varies markedly over the random meander survey
area, a range of values is provided. In these cases, abundance is based on a standard 20 metre x 20
metre quadrat scale.
Species of conservation significance are bolded. Introduced species are denoted by an asterisk.
Noxious weeds declared for the Bogan Shire Council control area under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993
are indicated with a ‘Δ’ symbol. Where uncertainty exists due to the unavailability of mature
reproductive material, the taxon is preceded by a question mark, or plants are identified to genus level
only. Botanical nomenclature follows G.J. Harden (ed) (1990-2002) Flora of New South Wales, UNSW
Press, except where recent changes have occurred.
Additions from the recent November 2010 survey are highlighted
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Scientific name Common name Family
Abundance
WP CA BBW MW SS
TREES
Acacia harpophylla Brigalow Fabaceae 0-1
Acacia pendula Weeping Myall Fabaceae 0-2 0-2
Apophyllum anomalum Warrior Bush Capparaceae 0-1
Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress Cupressaceae 0-1
Capparis lasiantha Nepine Capparaceae 0-1 0-1
Casuarina cristata Belah Casuarinaceae 0-1
Eremophila ?mitchellii Budda Myoporaceae 0-1 0-2
Eucalyptus campaspe Silver Gimlet Myrtaceae 0-1
Eucalyptus largiflorens Black Box Myrtaceae 0-3 2-4 0-1
Eucalyptus sideroxylon Mugga Ironbark Myrtaceae 0-1
Eucalyptus populnea subsp. bimbil
Bimble Box Myrtaceae 0-1 0-2 0-1
Eucalyptus urna Merrit Myrtaceae 0-1
Flindersia maculosa Leopardwood Rutaceae 0-1 0-1
Geijera parviflora Wilga Rutaceae 0-2 2 0-1 0-1
Schinus areira Pepper Tree Anacardiaceae 0-1
SHRUBS, SUB-SHRUBS
Abutilon oxycarpum Flannel weed Malvaceae 0-1
Amyema quandang Mistletoe Loranthaceae 0-1
Atriplex semibaccata Creeping Saltbush Chenopodiaceae 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2
Capparis mitchellii Wild Orange Capparaceae 0-1
Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bush Sapindaceae 0-1
Eremophila maculata Spotted Fuchsia-bush Myoporaceae 0-3
Δ*Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn Solanaceae 0-1 0-1 0-2
Maireana aphylla Cotton Bush Chenopodiaceae 0-1
Maireana appressa Chenopodiaceae 0-1 0-1
Maireana brevifolia Small-leaf Bluebush Chenopodiaceae 0-2 0-2
Maireana ?decalvans Black Cotton Bush Chenopodiaceae 0-1
Myoporum montanum Western Boobialla Myoporaceae 0-1
Rhagodia spinescens Spiny Saltbush Chenopodiaceae 0-1 0-1
Salsola tragus subsp. tragus Chenopodiaceae 0-2
Sclerolaena birchii Galvanised Burr Chenopodiaceae 2 2 2
Sclerolaena bicornis Goathead Burr Chenopodiaceae 1-2 1-2 0-2
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Scientific name Common name Family
Abundance
WP CA BBW MW SS
Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Copperburr Chenopodiaceae 2 2 1 2
Sclerolaena tricuspis Giant Redburr Chenopodiaceae 2 2 2 2
Senna artemisioides Fabaceae 0-1
Solanum esuriale Quena Solanaceae 0-1
Solanum ferrocissimum Spiny Potato Bush Solanaceae 0-1
*Solanum nigrum Black-berry Nightshade
Solanaceae 0-1
Δ*Xanthium spinosum Bathurst Burr Asteraceae 0-1 0-1
FORBS
*Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Myrsinaceae 0-1
Δ*Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca
Mexican Poppy Papaveraceae 0-2
Brachyscome ciliaris var. subintegrifolia
Variable Daisy Asteraceae 0-2 1 0-2
Brachyscome dentata Asteraceae 0-1
Crassula sieberiana Australian Stonecrop Crassulaceae 0-2
Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily Asphodelaceae 0-2
Calotis hispidula Bogan Flea Asteraceae 0-1 0-1 0-1
Calotis scabiosifolia var. scabiosifolia
Rough Burr-daisy Asteraceae 1 0-1
*Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse Brassicaceae 0-2
*Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle Asteraceae 0-1
Chamaesyce drummondii Caustic Weed Chenopodiaceae 0-2
Chenopodium curvispicatum Chenopodiaceae 0-2
*Chenopodium murale Nettle-leaf Goosefoot
Chenopodiaceae 0-1 0-1 0-1
Cotula australis Carrot Weed Asteraceae 0-2
Daucus glochidiatus Native Carrot Apiaceae 1
Dichondra repens Kidney Weed Convolvulaceae 0-2
*Echium plantagineum Paterson’s Curse Boraginaceae 0-2 1-5 0-3
Einadia nutans subsp. nutans
Climbing Saltbush Chenopodiaceae 0-1 0-1 0-1
Einadia polygonoides Chenopodiaceae 0-1 0-1
*Erodium cicutarium Common Storksbill Geraniaceae 0-1 0-1 1 0-1
Erodium crinitum Blue Storksbill Geraniaceae 0-1
Eryngium paludosum Long Eryngium Apiaceae 0-1
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Scientific name Common name Family
Abundance
WP CA BBW MW SS
Goodenia fascicularis Mallee Goodenia Goodeniaceae 0-1
Harmsiodoxa blennodioides Brassicaceae 0-1 0-1
*Hypochaeris radicata Cat’s Ear, Flatweed Asteraceae 0-1
?Leiocarpa tomentosa Woolly Plover-daisy Asteraceae 0-1
*Lepidium africanum Peppercress Brassicaceae 0-2 0-4
*Lepidium bonariense Peppercress Brassicaceae 0-3
Leptorhyncus squamatus Scaly Buttons Asteraceae 0-1
*Malva parviflora Small-flowered Mallow
Malvaceae 0-2 0-4
*Malvastrum americanum Spiked Malvastrum Malvaceae 0-2
*Marrubium vulgare Horehound Lamiaceae 0-1 0-1
*Medicago ?arabica Spotted Burr-medic Fabaceae 2 0-2 1 1-2
Mimulus gracilis Slender Monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae 0-1
Minuria integerrima Smooth Minuria Asteraceae 0-1
Oxalis ?perennans Oxalis Oxalidaceae 0-1 0-1 0-1
Plantago cunninghamii Plantaginaceae 0-1
Ptilotus sessilifolius Amaranthaceae 1
*Rapistrum rugosum Turnip Weed Brassicaceae 0-1 0-1
Rhodanthe corymbiflora Small White Sunray Asteraceae 2
Rhodanthe moschata Asteraceae 1
?Rostellularia adscendens Acanthaceae 0-1 0-1 0-2
Rumex brownii Native Dock Polygonaceae 0-1
Senecio cunninghamii var. cunninghamii
Asteraceae 0-1
Senecio glossanthus Streaked Poverty Bush
Asteraceae 0-1 1
Sida fibulifera Pin Sida Malvaceae 1 1
Sida trichopoda High Sida Malvaceae 0-1
*Silybum marianum Variegated Thistle Asteraceae 0-1 0-2
*Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle Asteraceae 0-1
*Sisymbrium orientale Indian Hedge Mustard
Brassicaceae 0-2 0-2
Swainsona procumbens Broughton Pea Fabaceae 1
Tetragonia tetragonoides Native Spinach Aizoaceae 0-1
*Trifolium spp. Clover Fabaceae 0-3 0-3 0-3
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Scientific name Common name Family
Abundance
WP CA BBW MW SS
Triptilodiscus pygmaeus Common Sunray Asteraceae 1-2
*Urtica repens Small Nettle Urticaceae 0-2
Vittadinia ?cuneata Fuzzweed Asteraceae 0-1 0-1
Wahlenbergia communis Tufted Bluebell Campanulaceae 0-1 0-2
Wahlenbergia stricta Tall Bluebell Campanulaceae 1
Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden Everlasting Asteraceae 1
GRASSES
Austrodanthonia caespitosa Ringed Wallaby Grass Poaceae 0-2
Austrodanthonia setacea Small-flowered Wallaby Grass
Poaceae 0-2
Austrodanthonia sp. Poaceae 0-2
Austrostipa scabra subsp. scabra
Rough Speargrass Poaceae 0-2
Chloris truncata Windmill Grass Poaceae 2 2 2-4
Cymbopogon refractus Barbed-wire Grass Poaceae 0-1
*Cynodon dactylon Couch Poaceae 0-3
Enteropogon acicularis Curly Windmill Grass Poaceae 1-3 1-3 1-3 2
Eragrostis brownii Browns Lovegrass Poaceae 0-2 1-3 1-2
*Eragrostis cilianensis Stinking Lovegrass Poaceae 2 0-2 0-2
Eragrostis parviflora Weeping Lovegrass Poaceae 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-2
Eragrostis setifolia Neverfail Poaceae 0-2
*Hordeum leporinum Barley Grass Poaceae 0-4 2-6
Lachnagrostis filiformis Blown Grass Poaceae 2 2 2 2
Panicum decompositum var. tenuis
Poaceae 2 2 2-3 2
Sporobolus caroli Fairy Grass Poaceae 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-1
GRAMINOIDS
Carex inversa Knob Sedge Cyperaceae 0-1 0-2
Cyperus difformis Dirty Dora Cyperaceae 0-1
Juncus sp Rush Juncaceae 0.1 0-1
FERNS
Marsilea drumondii Common Nardoo Marsileaceae 0-1 0-2
Submissions Report Nyngan Solar Farm
1585 Final V1 B‐III
B.2 ARCHAEOLOGY AND ABORIGINAL HERITAGE ADDENDUM
Addendum Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm
Indigenous Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Assessment
A report to Infigen
November 2010
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Limited PO Box 2135
Central Tilba NSW 2546 www.nswarchaeology.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 PARTNERSHIP WITH ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES ............................................................................................. 1
1.3 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 RESULTS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................ 1
2. SURVEY RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 SURVEY COVERAGE ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 ABORIGINAL OBJECT RECORDINGS .................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 6
3. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 8
4. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 1
1. SUMMARY
1.1 Introduction
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd has been commissioned to undertake an Indigenous archaeological and cultural heritage assessment of the proposed Nyngan Solar Farm. The proposed Nyngan Solar Farm is defined as a Major Project (Critical Infrastructure) under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. An initial field survey in relation to this proposal was conducted in August 2010. Subsequently the proposal envelope was expanded to encompass additional areas to the east and south (Figure 1). In an assessment of adequacy in relation to the Indigenous Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Assessment regarding this project the NSW Department of Planning required that these further areas also be subject to field survey and assessment prior to determination. This report details the results of the subsequent field survey of the additional area and forms an addendum to the earlier report (New South Wales Archaeology Pty Limited 2010). 1.2 Partnership with Aboriginal Communities
This assessment has been conducted in accordance with consultation process as outlined in the NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water’s (NSW DECCW) Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Consultation Requirements for Proponents 2010 (ACHCRP) (NSW DECCW 2010). The field survey of the additional proposed impact areas has been undertaken with the assistance of Tommy Ryan of the Nyngan Local Aboriginal Land Council (NLALC). 1.3 Objectives
This additional assessment has sought to identify and record Aboriginal objects, to assess the archaeological potential of the landscape and to formulate appropriate management and mitigation strategies. The investigation has included a field survey of the expanded proposal area as well as the proposed access road which extends from the north-western boundary of the site to the southern edge of the Nyngan township, and an analysis of results. The additional field work was undertaken in November 2010. 1.4 Results and Impact Assessment
The additional portion of the proposal area surveyed during this assessment measures approximately 123 hectares in area. It is estimated that approximately 43 hectares of that area was subject to survey inspection. Ground exposures inspected are estimated to have measured approximately 3.87 hectares in area. Of that ground exposure area archaeological visibility (the potential artefact bearing soil profile) is estimated to have been 1.55 hectares. Effective Survey Coverage is therefore relatively low and is calculated to have been 1.26 % of the area. Two additional Aboriginal object locales were recorded during the field survey, each comprised of a single stone artefact. The Effective Survey Coverage achieved during the survey in combination with the nature of the ground exposures present is considered to have been sufficient and of a quality so as to effectively characterise the nature of artefact distribution. The results of this survey are therefore assessed to be a relatively accurate reflection of the artefact density within the additional proposed impact area. Accordingly, based on the relevant predictive model of site distribution for the area, and the results of the field survey, artefact density in the study area is assessed to be very low. The area is assessed to be of low archaeological potential and significance.
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 2
Figure 1. Location of the additional surveyed areas, indicated with black outline, in relation to that which was originally surveyed in August 2010 (fainter outline to west).
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 3
2. SURVEY RESULTS
2.1 Survey Coverage
The study area is located immediately to the south of the township of Nyngan. It is situated within the Darling Riverine Plains bioregion on the Bogan River floodplain. The landform which comprises the study area is continuous with the prior area surveyed, being a flat with level gradient and open aspect that forms part of the alluvial floodplain associated with the Bogan River. The western extent of the subject study area is located ca. 3.2 kilometres east of the Bogan River while the eastern extent is ca. 5.4 kilometres to the east of that river. The area has undergone relatively high levels of prior disturbance associated with agriculture. Following the original clearance of vegetation, subsequent farming practices have impacted the entire proposal area. These impacts include fencing, the creation of mechanically graded roads and unformed internal tracks, the excavation of dams and associated shallow drainage channels as well as ongoing grazing. In addition, almost the entire area has a long history of impacts associated with ploughing (Tommy Ryan 2010 pers. comm.) which has resulted in some deflation of the soil profile as the result of aeolian action (Plates 1 and 2). This is particularly evident in the southern section of the surveyed area. These previous farming practices and their effects are assessed to have caused high levels of impact to ground surfaces and to any Aboriginal objects which may once have been present. Plate 1. Area showing evidence of ploughing in the north western section of the proposal area; looking east. There are few trees present within the subject surveyed area. All trees within areas of proposed impacts are assessed to be regrowth and estimated to be around 50 years old, but were nevertheless inspected during the survey and exhibited no evidence of Aboriginal scarring. At the time of field survey several paddocks had relatively recently been ploughed, cultivated and harvested, while some other areas possessed a reasonably consistent coverage of vegetation, predominantly in the form of weed species (Plate 3).
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 4
The survey was focused on areas of ground exposure which were found to be present along most fence lines, in areas of unformed vehicle tracks, and in numerous bare earth patches which were distributed reasonably consistently throughout the area. Archaeological visibility within many areas of ground exposure was moderate to good as the result of the ground surface being penetrated by ploughing, vehicle traffic, weathering and stock treadage. The area of the proposed access road is highly disturbed, having been repeatedly graded over time and now thickly laid with imported gravel (Tommy Ryan 2010 pers. comm.). Plate 2. Large area of bare earth associated with ploughing and stock grazing, southern section looking west. Plate 3. Area of weed growth, central section looking south.
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 5
The study area measures c. 123 hectares in size. It is estimated that approximately 43 hectares of that area was subject to survey inspection. Ground exposures inspected are estimated to have been 3.87 hectares in area. Of that ground exposure area archaeological visibility (the potential artefact bearing soil profile) is estimated to have been 1.54 hectares. Effective Survey Coverage is therefore calculated to have been 1.26% of the proposal area. 2.2 Aboriginal Object Recordings
The following Aboriginal object locales were recorded during the subject survey; their location is shown in Figure 2 (note locale numbering is sequential and continues from those originally recorded in August (NSW Archaeology 2010): Survey Unit 1/Locale 3 519623e 6504561n GDA One stone artefact was recorded in an area of exposure adjacent to a fence line (Plate 4). The broad area measures 60 x 40 m, of which 60% was ground exposure, possessing 60% archaeological visibility. The effective survey coverage is relatively high and given that one artefact only was recorded artefact density is assessed to be very low. The recorded artefact is a white quartzite proximal flake portion; size class 3 (less than 3 cm in overall dimensions). The site is likely to contain additional artefacts in a subsurface context in very low densities. The area is eroding due to water, wind, ploughing, vehicle traffic and animal treadage. Plate 4. SU1/L3 looking west.
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 6
Survey Unit 1/Locale 4 519471e 6504618n GDA One stone artefact was recorded in an area of bare earth exposure (Plate 5). The area where the artefact is located measures 120 x 50 m, of which 80% was ground exposure, possessing 60% archaeological visibility. The effective survey coverage is relatively high and given that one artefact only was recorded artefact density is assessed to be very low. The recorded artefact is a grey chert core, with 8 negative flake scars and 20% terrestrial cortex; size class 5. The site is likely to contain additional artefacts in a subsurface context in very low densities. The site area has been cultivated and eroding due to water, wind and animal agents. Plate 5. SU1/L4 looking east. 2.3 Impact Assessment
Two Aboriginal object locales were recorded during the subject field survey (SU1/L3 and SU1/L4), each comprised of a single stone artefact (Figure 2). While the Effective Survey Coverage for the surveyed area is calculated to have been relatively low at the time of survey, many extensive areas of good ground exposure possessing reasonable archaeological visibility were distributed throughout the study area. These exposures enabled a reasonable characterisation of artefact distribution within the proposal area. The subject area surveyed is located to the east and south of the original proposal envelope. The western extent of the is located c 3.2 kilometres east of the Bogan River while the eastern extent is situated c. 5.4 kilometres to the east of that river. The predictive model of site distribution for the region indicates that in such an environmental setting, distanced from access to reliable water and situated on an amorphous floodplain, artefact density would be very low. As indicated by Nyngan Local Aboriginal Land Council representative Tommy Ryan (2010 pers. comm.) such an area would have been used for hunting and transitory movement, but that the focus of Aboriginal activity in the region and associated higher densities of artefact distribution would have been nearer to the river.
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 7
As noted above, the Aboriginal object locales recorded in the additional proposed impact area are two single and isolated stone artefacts. These are both assessed to be of low archaeological significance. Undetected or subsurface stone artefacts are assessed to be present in very low density. The Effective Survey Coverage achieved during the survey is considered to have been sufficient to characterise the nature of artefact distribution in the study area. The survey results are therefore assessed to be a relatively accurate reflection of the artefact density in the proposal area. Accordingly, based on the relevant predictive model of site distribution for the area, and the results of the field survey, artefact density in the study area is assessed to be very low. The proposal area is assessed to be low archaeological potential and significance. Given that both the two recorded Aboriginal objects and the predicted undetected and subsurface artefacts are assessed to be of low significance, the impacts can be viewed as being of correspondingly low significance. This assessment forms the basis for the formulation of recommendations relating to the proposal. Figure 2. Location of Aboriginal object locales SU1/L3 and SU1/L4 recorded during the subject survey.
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 8
3. RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are made on the basis of: � A consideration of the Part 3A amendment to the Environmental Planning and Assessment
Act. � The results of the investigation as documented in this report. � Consideration of the type of development proposed and the nature of proposed impacts.
� Advice provided from Nyngan Local Aboriginal Land Council. The following recommendations are provided:
o The two recorded Aboriginal object locales and the predicted very low density subsurface artefact distribution in the subject survey area does not surpass archaeological significance thresholds which would act to preclude the proposed impacts.
o The two recorded Aboriginal object locales SU1/L3 and SU1/L4 are assessed to be representative of a very low density distribution of stone artefacts. The archaeological significance of these locales is assessed to be low. Accordingly unmitigated impact is considered to be appropriate.
o There are no identified Indigenous archaeological and heritage constraints relating to the proposal in the additional area.
Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm - Addendum
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Ltd November 2010 page 9
4. REFERENCES
New South Wales Archaeology Pty Limited 2010 Proposed Nyngan Photovoltaic Solar Farm Indigenous Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Assessment. A report to nghenvironmental.
Tommy Ryan November 2010 personal communication.