Notes

NOTES TO OiAPTER ONE: IN1RODUCI10N

1. G. M. Hopkins, Poems and Prose o[ Gerard Manley Hopkins, selected with an Introduction and notes by W. H. Gardner (Hannondsworth, Midcbc Penguin, 1958) p.62.

2. Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov, trans. Constance Garnett (London: Heinemann and Zsolnay, 1948) p.263.

3. Graham Greene, Collected Essays (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1970)p.21.

4. W. H. Auden: A Selection, ed. by Richard Hoggart (London: Hutch­inson, 1963) p.112.

5. Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, ed. by Maurice Hindle (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1985) p.141.

6. George Eliot, Middlemarch, ed. by W. J. Harvey (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1965) p.789.

7. Ibid., p.B08. 8. Ibid., p.465 9. Charles Dickens, A Tale o[ Two Cities, ed. George Woodcock (Har­

mondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1970) p.403. 10. Charles Dickens, Hard Times, ed. David Craig (Hannondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1969) p.314. 11. Charles Dickens, David Copperfield, ed. Trevor Blount (Hannonds­

worth, Middx: Penguin, 1966) p.950. 12. Charles Dickens, Dur Mutual Friend, ed. Stephen Gill (Hannonds­

worth, Middx: Penguin, 1971) p.892. 13. Charles Dickens, Little Domt, ed. John Holloway (Hannondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1967) p.895. 14. Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, ed. Peter Fairclough (Hannonds­

worth, Middx: Penguin, 1970) p.940. 15. Revelations o[ Divine Love Recorded by Julian o[ Norwich, ed. Grace

Warrack (London: Methuen, 1901) p.57. 16. Thomas Mann, Notizbuch, quoted by Lieselotte Voss, Die Entstehung

von Thomas Manns Roman 'Doktor Faustus' (fubingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1975) p.lS. (My translation.)

17. Angus Wilson, 'Evil in the English Novel', in Diversity and Depth in Fiction: Selected Critical Writings o[ Angus Wilson, ed. Kerry Mc­Sweeney (London: Secker and Warburg, 1983) pp.3-24.

18. Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Faust, trans. Philip Wayne (Hannonds­worth, Middx: Penguin, 1973) Part Two, p.277.

162

Notes 163

19. Thomas Mann, Doctor Faustus, trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter(Hannonds­worth, Middx: Penguin, 1971) pp.458-9.

20. Ibid., p.470. 21. Karl Jaspers quoted by Erich Heller, The Disinherited Mind (Har-

mondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1961) p.35. 22. Ibid., pp.33-55. 23. Mann, Doctor Foustus, p.470. 24. Ibid., p.465. 25. Jean-Paul Sartre, What Is Literature? (London: Methuen, 1950)

pp.160-2. See also Anthony Burgess, Urgent Copy (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1973) pp.204-12.

26. Albert Camus, The Fall, trans. Justin O'Brien (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1957) p.11.

27. Graham Greene, The Quiet American (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1962) p.84.

28. George Orwell, The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters, ed. Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1970) vol. IV, pp.340-1. (HereafterCEJL.)

29. William Golding, quoted by Francis E. Keams, 'Golding Revisited', in William Golding's 'Lord of the Flies': A Source Book, ed. William Nelson (New York: Odyssey Press, 1963) p.166. (Hereafter Nelson.) (Keams is rejecting an optimistic exegesis of the ending of the novel advanced by Luke M. Grande, 'The Appeal of Golding' , in Nelson, pp.156-9,163.)

30. The Correspondence of Jonathan Swift, ed. by Harold Williams (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963) vol. ill, p. 183. (Hereafter Corr.)

NOTES TO CHAPTER TWO: GULLNER'S TRAVELS

1. T. S. Eliot, ' "Ulysses", Order and Myth', Dial, vol. LXXV (1923) p.481; Patrick Reilly, Jonathan Swift: The Brave Desponder (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982) pp.1-19.

2. The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, ed. Herbert Davis (Oxford: Basil Blackwel1, 1939-68) vol. XIL p .117.

3. John Milton, 'Areopagitica', in Se/ected Prose, ed. C. A. Patrides (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1974) p.219.

4. Corr. vol.m, p.118. 5. Peter Gay, The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment

(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964) pp. 111-13,114--16. 6. Quoted by R. S. Crane, 'Suggestions Towards a Genealogy of the

"Man of Feeling" " Journal of English Literary History , voLl (1934) pp. 222-3.

7. Quoted by T. O. Wedel, 'On the Philosophical Background of Gul-

164 The Literature o[ Guilt

liver's Travels', Studies in Philology, vol. 23 (1926) p. 436. 8. Quoted in Roland Stromberg, Religious Liberalism in Eighteenth­

Century England (Oxford: Oxford University Pres, 1954), p.l44 (foot­note).

9. See Wedel, 'On the Philosophical Background of Gulliver's Travels', p.439; Ernst Cassirer, The Philosophy of the Enlightenment, trans. Fritz C. A. Koelln and James P. Pettegrove (Boston, Mass: Beacon Press, 1960) pp. 137-60.

10. The Poems of Jonathan Swift, ed. Harold Williams (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963-5) vol.n, p.497.

11. Reinhold Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man (London: Nisbet, 1946) vol.L pp. 100-1.

12. Corr, vol. v. p.4. 13. Quoted by Wedel, 'On the Philosophical Background of Gulliver's

Travels', p.438. 14. Ibid., p.435. 15. 'Lectures on the English Poets', in The Collected Works of

William Hazlitt, ed. A. R. Waller and Arnold Glover (London: J. M. Dent, 1902) vol. v, pp. 110-1.

16. The Works of Jonathan Swift, ed. Sir WalterScott (London: Bickers and Sons, 1883), vol.l, p.315.

17. W. E. H. Lecky, Introduction to the Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, ed. T. Scott (London: G.Bell and Sons, 1897) vol.I, p.1xxxviii.

18. The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray (London: Smith, Eider, 1869) vol. XIX, pp. 162-3.

19. Edmund Gosse, A History of Eighteenth-Century Literature (London: Macmillan, 1889) pp. 161-2.

20. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels, ed. Peter Dixon and John Chalker with an Introduction by Michael Foot (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1967) p.40.

21. Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, voLix, p.263. 22. Corr., vol.IL p.430. 23. The Poems of John Dryden, ed. James Kinsley (Oxford: Oxford Uni­

versity Press, 1958) vol.l, p.33. 24. Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, ed. Angus Ross (Harmondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1965) pp. 143, 153; Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.325. 25. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.267. 26. Blaise Pascal, Pensees, trans. with an Introduction by Martin TurneIl

(London: Harvill Press, 1962) p.175. 27. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.267. 28. R. C. Elliot, 'Gulliver as Literary Artist', English Literary History , vol.

XIX (1952) pp.49-63. 29. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.271. 30. Ibid., p.271. 31. Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub and ather Works, ed. Angus Ross and

David Woolley (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986) pp.l33-4. 32. The Poems of Jonathan Swift, vol.IL p.497. 33. Ibid., vol.L p.297. 34. Swift, A Tale of a Tub, pp.78-80.

Notes 165

35. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.270. 36. Quoted by R. W. Frantz, 'Swift's Yahoos and the Voyagers', Modem

Philology, vol.XX1x(1932) p.55. 37. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, pp.276, 277. 38. Ibid., p.285. 39. Ibid., pp.306, 283-4. 40. Ibid., p.282. 41. Ibid., p.282. 42. Ibid., p.285. 43. Ibid., p.277. 44. Ibid., p.339. 45. Prose Works o[ Jonathan Swi[t, vol. IV, p.251. 46. Swift, A Tale o[ a Tub, p.84. 47. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.303. 48. Ibid., p.304. 49. Ibid., p.305. 50. Swift, A Tale o[ a Tub, p.104. 51. Ricardo Quintana, The Mind and Art o[ Jonathan Swi[t (London:

Methuen, 1953) p.65. 52. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.327. 53. Ibid., p.345. 54. Ibid., pp.314-15. 55. Ibid., p.315. 56. Ibid., p.335. 57. Ibid., p.338. 58. Ibid., p.342.

NOTES TO CHAPTER THREE: HEART OF DARKNESS

1. Joseph Conrad, Heart o[ Darkness, ed. with an Introduction by Paul O'Prey (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1984) p.86.

2. Ibid., p.55. 3. Ibid., p.46. 4. Ibid., p.85. 5. Ibid., p.85. 6. Ibid., p.85. 7. Prose Works o[ Jonathan Swi[t, vol. IX, p.244. 8. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.241. 9. Prose Works o[ Jonathan Swi[t, vol.lX, p.152.

10. Joseph Conrad on Fiction, ed. Walter F. Wright (Lineoln, Nebr.: Uni­versity of Nebraska Press, 1964) pp.208-9.

11. Heart o[ Darkness, ed. Robert Kimbrough (New York: W. W. Norton, 1971) pp.141, 140. (Hereafter Kimbrough.)

12. Conrad, Heart o[ Darkness, p.87. 13. Ibid., p.52. 14. Joseph Conrad, Under Western Eyes (Hannondsworth, Middx:

Penguin, 1957) p.52.

166 The Literature of Guilt

15. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.64. 16. Ibid., p.71. 17. Ibid., p.69. 18. Ibid., p.70. 19. Ibid., p.69. 20. George Steiner, In Bluebeard's Castle: Some Notes Towards the Re­

definition of Culture (London: Faber and Faber, 1974) p.31. 21. Sigmund Freud, 'The Future of an Illusion', in Civilization, Society

and Religion (Harmondsworth, Middx: Pelican Freud Library, 1985) vol.12, p.221.

22. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.69. 23. Quoted in Kimbrough, p.189. 24. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.84. 25. Quoted in Kimbrough, p.122. 26. Bertrand Russell, Portraits from Memory and Other Essays (London:

George Allen and Unwin, 1956) p.82. 27. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.48. 28. Ibid., pp.84, 89. 29. Ibid., p.120. 30. Ibid., p.32. 31. See Kimbrough, p.122. 32. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.64. 33. Joseph Conrad, Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard (Harmondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1963) p.310. 34. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.76. 35. Ibid., p.97. 36. Ibid., p.95. 37. Lilian Feder, 'Marlow's Descent into Hell', in Kimbrough, p.183,

Stewart C. Wilcox, 'Conrad's "Complicated Presentations" of Symbolic Imagery', in Kimbrough, p.189: RobertO. Evans, 'Conrad's Underworld', in Kimbrough, p.218, Robert F. Haugh, 'Heart of Dark­ness: Problem for Critics', in Kimbrough, p.163; Albert J. Guerard, 'From Life to Art', in Kimbrough, p.122; Jerome Thale, 'Marlow's Quest', in Kimbrough, p.176; Kenneth A. Bruffee, 'The LesserNight­mare', in Kimbrough, p.234.

38. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.49. 39. Quoted by Matthew Arnold in Essays in Criticism (London: Dent,

Everyman's Library, 1969) p.7. 40. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.l02. 41. Ibid., p.98. 42. Ibid., p.l07. 43. Ibid., p.l07. 44. Ibid., p.ll1. 45. Ibid., p.l12 46. Ibid., p.I12. 47. Quoted in Kimbrough, p.152. 48. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.113. 49. T. S. Eliot, 'Baudelaire', in Selected Prose, ed. by John Hayward

(Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1955) p.194.

Notes 167

50. Graham Greene, Brighton Rock (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1957) pp.128-9.

51. Conrad, HeartofDarkness, p.113. 52. Ibid., p.l13. 53. Conrad, Under Western Eyes, p.210. 54. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.l46. 55. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.113. 56. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.173. 57. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p .86. 58. Ibid., p.86. 59. Ibid., p.113. 60. Ibid., p.92. 61. Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, vol.x, p.4. 62. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, p.114. 63. Ibid., p.116. 64. Quoted in Kimbrough, p.155. 65. Ibid., p.129.

NOTES TO CHAPfER FOUR: DEATH IN VENICE

1. Thomas Mann, Tonio Kröger, in Death in Veniee, trans. H. T. Lowe­Porter (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1957) p.156.

2. Quoted by Steiner, In Bluebeard's Castle, p.18. 3. Thomas Mann, The Magie Mountain, trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (Har­

mondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1969) pp.491-4. 4. Friedrich Nietzsehe, The Birth of Tragedy and the Genealogy o[ Morals,

trans. Francis Golffing (New York: Doubleday, 19S6) p.26. 5. Ibid., p.34. 6. Mann, Death in Venice, p.53. 7. Ibid., p.57. 8. Mann, Tonio Kröger, pp.18S, 188-9. 9. Mann, The Magie Mountain, pp.72, 207; see also pp. 129-30.

10. Ibid., pp.265-6. 11. Mann, Death in Venice, p.13. 12. Ibid., p.25. 13. Ibid., p.48. 14. Ibid., p.48. See Homer, The Odyssey, trans. E. V. Rieu (Hannonds-

worth, Middx: Penguin, 1954) p.79. 15. Mann, Death in Venice, p.8. 16. Ibid., p.8. 17. Ibid., p.9. 18. Ibid., p.67. 19. Ibid., p.9. 20. Ibid., p.9. 21. Ibid., pp.9-10; Conrad, Heart o[ Darkness, p.69. 22. Mann, Death in Veniee, p.56. 23. Ibid., p.78.

168 The Literature of Guilt

24. Ibid., p.19. 25. Ibid., p.53. 26. Ibid., p.54. 27. Ibid., p.80. 28. Ibid., p.80. 29. Ibid., p.81. 30. Ibid., p.30. 31. Ibid., p.34. 32. Ibid., pp.34-5. 33. Ibid., p.35. 34. Ibid., p.63. 35. Ibid., pp.33,40. 36. Ibid., p.41. 37. Ibid., p.44. 38. Ibid., p.44. 39. Ibid., p.45. 40. Ibid., p.54. 41. Ibid., p.54. 42. Nietzsehe, The Birth of Tragedy, p.45. 43. Ibid., p.124. 44. Mann, The Magie Mountain, p.465 45. Mann, Death in Venice, p.73. 46. Ibid., p.73. 47. Ibid., p.74. 48. Ibid., p.74. 49. Ibid., p.74. 50. Ibid., p.80. 51. Ibid., p.55. 52. Ibid., p.47. 53. Ibid., p.56. 54. Nietzsehe, The Genealogy of Morals , p.120. 55. Andre Gide, The Immoralist, trans. Dorothy Bussy (HaImondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1960) p.137. 56. Ibid., p.19. 57. Ibid., p.51. 58. Ibid., p.51. 59. Ibid., p.51. 60. Mann, Death in Venice, p.83.

NOTES TO CHAPTER FIVE: NINETEEN EIGHIT-FOUR

1. CE/L, vol. IV, pp.257, 261. 2. CE/L, vol.L p.56; vol.I1I, pp.246--60; voI.IV,pp.201-2, 203,205-6,214-

15. 3. George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London (HaImondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1963) p.20. 4. Marx and Engels: Basie Writings on Polities and Philosophy I ed. Lewis S.

Feuer (London: Fontana, 1969) p.288; see also p.84.

Notes 169

5. Quoted in Peter Singer, Marx (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980)p.38.

6. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon', in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Selected Works in Two Volumes (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1950) vol.1, p.249.

7. Marx and Engels, ed. L. S. Feuer, p.284. 8. CE/L, vol.IL p.33; vol.IIL p.121. 9. CE/L, vol.IL pp.304-5.

10. George Orwell, A Clergyman's Daughter (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1964) p.258.

11. Ibid., p.240. 12. Complete Shorler Poems of lohn Milton, ed. John Carey (London:

Longman, 1981) p.209. 13. Orwell, Down and Out, p.147. 14. Ibid., p.I48. 15. Ibid., pp.22, 27, 48,120; CE/L, voLl, p.66. 16. CE/L, vol.n, p;306 17. CE/L, vol.I, p.301. 18. George Orwell, Coming Up for Air (Harmondsworth, Middx:

Penguin, 1%2) p.224. 19. Orwell, Down and Out, p.22. 20. CE/L, vol.w, p.465. 21. CE/L, vol.IL p.297. 22. CE/L, vol,np.170 23. CEJL, vol.I, p.419. 24. CE/L, vol.I, p.414. 25. CE/L, vol.I, p.395. 26. CE/L, vol.I, pp.413-14; vol.IL p.297; vol.IIL p.l77. 27. George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (Harmondsworth, Middx:

Penguin, 1958) p.136. 28. Ibid., pp.27~. 29. CE/L, vol.IL p.161; vol.IIL p.l60. 30. CE/L, vol. I, p.64. 31. Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Devils, trans. David Magarshack (Har­

mondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1967) p.655. 32. John Milton, Paradise Lost, ed. Alistair Fowler (London: Longman,

1976) p.494. 33. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, p.225. 34. Mann, Death in Venice, p.27. 35. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, p.229. 36. Camus, The Fall, p.70. 37. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, p.27. 38. Ibid., p.132. 39. Ibid., p.235. 40. Emest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea (St Albans, Herts:

Triad-Panther Books, 1976) p.43. 41. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, p.85. 42. Ibid., p.235. 43. Ibid., p.206.

170 The Literature 0/ Guilt

NOTES TO CHAPI'ER SIX: THE FALL

1. CEJL, vol. IIL p.237; quoted by Conor Cruise O'Brien, Camus (London: Fontana - Collins, 1977) p.75.

2. CEJL, VOLIV, p.456. 3. Camus, The Fall, p.36; CEJL, vol.I, p.589; vol..11 pp.197, 200; vol.11

pp .113, 271; vol. IIL pp .158-9; George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1%2) pp. 139-40.

4. CEJL, VOLIV, pp.201-2, 203, 205-6. 5. Camus, The Fall, p.98. 6. Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus, trans. Justin O'Brien (Har­

mondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1975) p.111. 7. Maurice Cranston, 'Camus', Encounter, Feb.1%7, pp.43, 45. 8. Albert Camus, The Plague, trans. Stuart Gilbert (Hannondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1960) p.251. 9. Gide, The Immoralist, p .157.

10. Camus, The Fall, p.15. 11. See Stromberg, Religious Liberalism in Eighteenth-Century England,

p.l44. 12. Camus, The Fall, p.102. 13. Ibid., p.107. 14. Cranston, Encounter, p.43. 15. Camus, The Fall, p.60. 16. Ibid., p.ll. 17. Albert Camus, The Rebel, trans. Anthony Bower (Hannondsworth,

Middx: Penguin, 1%2) p.33. 18. Camus, The Fall, p.49. 19. Ibid., p.85. 20. CEJL, VOLIV, p.212. 21. Camus, The Fall, p.42. 22. Quoted by Frederick Brown in review of Patrick McCarthy, Camus, in

The New York Review ofBooks, vol.>oox(18 Nov. 1982) p.14. 23. Camus, The Fall, p.62. 24. Camus, The Rebel, pp.74-5. 25. Leszek Kolakowski, The Priest and the Jester: Reflections on the

Theological Heritage of Contemporary Thinking', in Marxism and Beyond (St Albans, Herts: Paladin, 1971) pp.31-40.

26. Albert Camus, The Just, trans. Justin O'Brien (Hannondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1970) pp.30-1.

27. Freud, Civilization, Society and Religion, pp.61-89. 28. Ibid., p.68. 29. Ibid., p.69. 30. Ibid., p.69. 31. Fran~ois, Duc de La Rochefoucauld, Maxims, trans. L. W. Tancock

(Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1959) p.85. 32. Freud, Civilization, Society and Religion, p.72. 33. Ibid., p.73. 34. Ibid., p.72. 35. Ibid., p.72.

Notes 171

36. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.345. 37. Freud, Civilization, Society and Religion, p.74. 38. Camus, The Fall, p.35. 39. Shelley, Frankenstein, p.l86. 40. Camus, The Fall, p.20. 41. Ibid., pp.39-41. 42. Ibid., p.41. 43. Ibid., p.37. 44. George Bemanos, The Diary of a Country Priest, trans. PamelaMorris

(London: Fontana, 1977) p.251. 45. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, pp.231-2. 46. La Rochefoucauld, Maxims, p.67. 47. Ibid., p.62. 48. Camus, The Fall, p.18. 49. La Rochefoucauld, Maxims, p.68. 50. Andre Gide, 'Notes for aPreface to Fielding's Tom Iones', in Twentieth

Century Views: Fielding: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. by Ronald Paulson (Englewood CHffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall1%2) pp.81-3.

51. Camus, The Fall, pp.17, 22. 52. Ibid., p.52. 53. Ibid., p.62. 54. Ibid., p.36. 55. Ibid., p.22. 56. Ibid., p.95. 57. Ibid., p.103. 58. Ibid., p.23. 59. Ibid., p.30. 60. Ibid., p.70. 61. Ibid., p.13; 'The absurd is sin without God': Camus, The Myth 01

Sisyphus, p.42. 62. La Rochefouchauld, Maxims, p.ll0. 63. Camus, The Fall, p.25. 64. Ibid., p.93. 65. Ibid., p.13. 66. Ibid., p.103. 67. Ibid., p.103. 68. Ibid., p.97. 69. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, p.345. 70. Camus, The Fall, p.26.

NOTES TO CHAPTER SEVEN: LORD OF THE FLIES

1. William Golding, Free Fall (Harmondsworth, Midroc Penguin, 1963) p.l71.

2. William Golding, The Hot Gates (London: Faber and Faber, 1965) p.l72.

3. Bertrand Russell, Fact and Fiction (London: George Unwin, 1961) p.32.

172 The Literature o{ Guilt

4. Golding, The Hot Gates, p.174. 5. D. M. Davis, 'A Conversation with William Golding', New Republic,

4th May 1963, p.28. 6. Quoted in Nelson, p.l42. 7. Camus, The Fall, pp.80-2. 8. WiIIiam Golding, 'It's a Long Way to Oxyrhynchus', Spectator, 7 July

1961, p.9. 9. WiIIiam Golding, 'Androids All', Spectator, 24 Feb. 1961; see also

Martin Green, 'Distaste for the Contemporary', in Nelson, pp.75--82; JohnM. Egan, 'Golding's ViewofMan', in Nelson, pp. 14!>-7.

10. WiIIiam Golding, Lord of the Flies (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1960) p.22.

11. Ibid., p.22. Ralph recognises his inferiority: 'I can't think. Not like Piggy' (p.74).

12. Ibid., p.20. 13. See Frank Kermode, 'Coral Islands', in Nelson, p.40; see also

Kermode, 'The NoveIs of William Golding' , in Nelson, pp.107-20. 14. Golding, Lord of the Flies, p.37. 15. Ibid., pp.74, 99. 16. Ibid., p.89. 17. CEJL, voI. I1pp. 167-70. 18. Golding, Lord of the Flies, p.89. 19. Ibid., p.89. 20. Ibid., p.34. 21. Ibid., p.97. 22. Ibid., p.36. 23. Ibid., p.36. 24. Ibid., p.44. 25. Ibid., pp.76, 52. 26. Ibid., p.62. 27. Ibid., p.68. 28. Ibid., p.79. 29. Ibid., p.80. 30. Ibid., p.80; see also Carl Niemeyer, 'The Coral Island Revisited', in

Nelson, pp.90, 91-2. 31. GoIding, Lord of the Flies, p.85. 32. Ibid., p.89. 33. Ibid., p.88. 34. Ibid., p.l22. 35. Ibid., p.123. 36. Ibid., p.99. 37. Ibid., p.161. 38. Ibid., p.133. 39. Ibid., p.137. 40. Ibid., p.145; see also Wayland Young, 'Letterfrom London', in Nelson,

p.18. 41. See G. C. Hemdl, 'Golding and Salinger: a Clear Choice', Wiseman

Review, Winter 1964-5; F. E. Keams, 'Salinger and Golding: Conflict on the Campus', in Nelson, pp.148-55. Keams, 'Golding Revisited', in Nelson, pp. 165-9.

Notes 173

42. Golding, Lord of the Flies, p.146. 43. Ibid., p.147. Golding claims that Simon is at once a saint and a proof

of God's existence; only sophisticated literary people will, in Golding's view, fai! to see this. See Kennode, in Nelson, pp.UO, 112. See also Peter Green, 'The World of William Golding' , in Nelson, p.176; C.B. Cox, 'Lord of the Flies', in Nelson, p.84; Sam Hynes, 'Novels of a Religious Man', in Nelson, p.72.

44. Golding, Lord of the Flies, p.148. 45. Ibid., p.149. 46. Ibid., p.149. 47. Ibid., p.149. 48. Ibid., p.149. 49. Ibid., p.162. 50. Ibid., p.169. 51. Ibid., p.171. 52. Ibid., p.172. 53. Ibid., p.175. 54. Ibid., pp.8, 10. 29,38. 55. Ibid., p.34. 56. Ibid., p.36. 57. Ibid., p.50. 58. Ibid., p.51. 59. Ibid., p.51. 60. Ibid., p.73. 61. Ibid., p.90. 62. Ibid., p.90. 63. Ibid., p.91. 64. Ibid., p.106. 65. Ibid., p.156. 66. Ibid., p.32. 67. Ibid., p.22. 68. Ibid., p.71. 69. Ibid.,p.141. 70. Ibid., p.42; see also PeterGreen, in Nelson, p.175. 71. Golding, Lord of the Flies, p.60. 72. Ibid., p.109. 73. Ibid., p.129. 74. Ibid., p.191. 75. James Gindin, , "Gimmick" and Metaphor in the Novels ofWilliam

Golding', in Nelson, pp.134, 132-40; reprinted in Post-War British Fiction: New Accents and Attitudes (London: Cambridge University Press, 1962). But see also C. B. Cox, Lord of the Flies; in Nelson, p.88; and Margaret Walters, 'Two Fabulists: Golding and Camus', in Nelson, pp.98-9.

Index

Admirable Crichton, The, 143 Aeschylus,9 Ancient Mariner, The, 2 Angus, Ian, 163 Animal Farm, 92, 122 Areopagitica, 163 Amold, Matthew, 69, 72,166 Auden, Wystan Hugh, 2, 162 Augustine, St, Augustinian, 9,10,11,

13,15,17,25,132,133,152,157

Ballantyne, R. M., 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 148, 158

Barrie,J. M., 143 Barrow,Isaac,17 Barth, Kar!, 10 Baudelaire, Charles, 63, 119, 166 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 8, 11 Bemanos, Georges, 131, 171 Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 10 Bible, The, 9, 40 Birth ofTragedy, The, 70, 71, 72, 73, 167,

168 Blackwood, William, 67 Blake, William, 33, 62 Bleak House, 24 Blount, Trevor, 162 Bloy, Leon, 62 Bolingbroke, Henry St John, First

Viscount, 13, 16, 17,20,21, 122 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 105 Bower, Anthony, 170 Brighton Rock, 63,166 Brontes, The, 33 Brothers Karamazov, The, 162 Brown, Frederick, 170 Browning, Robert, 62 Bruffee, Kenneth, 166 Brunetiere, Ferdinand, 18 Buckingham, Duchess of, 18, 19, 119 Buddenbrooks, 83

174

Bunyan, John, 24, 57, 59, 62, 74 Burgess, Anthony, 163 Burke, Edmund, 32 Burmese Days, 101, 116 Bumham, James, 96 Bussy, Dorothy, 168 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 33

Calvin, John, 17, 125, 126 Camus, Albert, 10, 13, 64, 84, 86, 108,

110, 111, 114-37, 141, 151, 161, 163, 169,170,171,173

Carey,]ohn, 169 Carlyle, Thomas, 96 Capone, Al, 116 Cassirer, Ernst, 18, 164 Cerdan, Marcel, 130 Chalker, John, 164 Chance, 50 Chase, James Hadley, 96 Christ, Jesus, 1,5,23,62,63,64,97,100,

123, 128, 134, 151, 158 Christianity, 39, 49, SO, 63, 79, 93,106,

132,151 Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, John

(see also Marlborough), 19,33,48,61 Ciarke, Samuel, 18 Clergyman's Daughter, A, 169 Clive, Robert Lord, 54 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 6 Columbus, Christopher, 22 Coming Up for Air, 103, 169 Conrad, Joseph, 24, 40, 4tM;8, 69,84,86,

88,95,96,110,165,166,167 CoralIsland, The, 139, 141 Cortez, Hernando, 40 Cox, C. B., 173 Craig, David, 162 Crane, R. 5., 163 Cranston, Maurice, 170

Daniel Deronda, 25 [)ante, 9,59, 74,90, 136 [)avid,119 David Copperfie/d, 5, 162 [)a Vinci, Leonardo, 50 [)avis, [). M., 172 [)avis, Herbert, 163

Index

Death in Venice, 13,24,69-91,167,168, 169

[)efoe, [)aniel, 164 [)e Gaulle, Charles, 130 Der Freischütz, 9 Devils, The, 109, 169 Diary 01 a Country Priest, The, 170 [)ickens, Charles, 4, 5, 6, 11,24,25,152,

162 [)iderot, [)enis, 23 Die Jüngfrau von Orleans, 7 '[)igression conceming . . . Madness',

67,93 [)ixon, Peter, 164 Doctor Faustus, 87 Doktor Faustus, 70, 84, 163 Dombey and Son, 5, 162 [)ostoevsky, Fyodor, 3,10109,122,162,

169 Down and Out in Paris and London, 96,

168, 169 [)ryden, John, 22, 104, 164 [)ürer, AJbrecht, 9, 10

Egan, John M., 172 Eliot, George, 3, 7,162 Eliot, Thomas Steams, 10, 15,21,63,

163,166 Elliot, R. c., 164 Engels, Friedrich, 168, 169 Epicurus, Epicurean, 27 Epistle to the Romans, 10, 1U Essays in Criticism, 166 Evans, RobertO., 166 'Everlasting Gospel, The', 62

Fable of the Bees, The, U5 Fact and Fiction, 171 Fairdough, Peter, 162 Fall, The, 4,10,11,13,108,114-37,151,

163,169,170,171,172 Faust, 2, 8, 162 Feder, Lilian, 166 Feuer, Lewis 5.,168,169 Feuerbach, Ludwig, 135 'Fidelio', 8, 9 Fielding, Henry, 132, 141, 171 Flaubert, Gustave, 28

Foot, Michael, 164 Fowler, AJistair, 169 Frankenstein, 4, 162, 171 Frantz, R. W., 165 Frederick the Great, 75, 80 Free Fall, 140, 171

175

Freud, Sigmund, 10, 38, 40, 52, 53, 70, 73,84, U4, U5, 126, 127, 128, 136, 141,147,156,166,170,171

Future 01 an Illusion, The, 166

Gardner, W. H., 162 Gamett, Constance, 162 Gautier, Theophile, 70 Gay, Peter, 17, 163 Genealogy 01 Morals, The, 167, 168 Gide, Andre PaulGillaume, 88, 110, 118,

132, 168, 171 Gilbert, Stuart, 170 Gill, Stephen, 162 Gindin, James, 173 Glover, Amold, 164 Goethe, Johann Wolfgangvon, 2, 9,10,

59,162 Golding, William, 13,86,110, 138-61,

163, 171, 172,173 Golffing, Francis, 167 Gosse, Edmund, 20,164 Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Jose de, 38 Grande, Luke M., 163 Great Expectations, 5 Green, Martin, 172 Green, Peter, 173 Greene, Graham, 1, 11,63,162,163,166 'Grisly Folk, The', 139 Guerard, AJbertJ., 166 Gulliver's Travels, 13, 14, 15-45,46,47,

59,63,66,92,93,94,98,111,U4,137, 151, 164, 165, 167, 171

Hamlet, 119 Handlul 01 Dust, A, 11 Hard Times, 5,162 Hardy, Thomas, 1,2,6 Harvey, W. J., 162 Haugh, Robert F., 166 Hawthome, Nathaniel, 77 Hayward, John, 166 Hazlitt, William, 20, 164 Heart 01 Darkness, 13,24,26,32,40,44,

46-68,86,89,95,96,165,166,167 Heller, Erich, 163 Hemingway, Emest, 111, 169 Henry IV, 34 Hemdl, G. c., 172

176 Index

Hero of Dur Time, A, 108, 119 Herostratus,131 HinCUe,~aUlice, 162 HitIer, Adolf, 9, 145 Hobbes, Thoni.as, 17, 127, 132 Hoggart, Richard, 162 Holloway, John, 162 Homage to Catalonia, 103 Homer, 167 Hopkins, Gerard ~anIey, 1,42, 152 Hot Gates, The, 171, 172 Hugo, Victor, 2,3, 7, 10, 11, 120, 135, 137 Huit Clos, 128 Hutcheson, Francis, 18 Hynes, Sam, 173

Ibsen, Henrik, 62 Ieeman Cometh, The, 135 Immoralist, The, 88, 168, 169 InheritoTS, The, 138, 139, 151

James, Henry, 28 Jane Eyre,2 Janet's Repentanee, 2 Jaspers, KarI, 9,163 Jeremiah, 141 John, St, 62 Joseph, St, 5 Joseph Andrews, 141 Joyce,James,28,81,82 Judas, 1, 12 Julian of Norwich, Dame, 6, 8, 12, 153,

161

Kant, ImmanueI, 73, 75,148 Kautsky, KarI, 100 Kearns, Francis E., 163, 172 Keats, John, 84 Keep the Aspidistra Flying, 103 Kendal, Ermengarde ~eIusina,

Countess von der Schulenburg, Duchess of, 19, 61

Kermode, Frank, 172, 173 Kimbrough, Robert, 165, 166, 167 King Lear, 11, 161 KinsIey, James, 164 Koelln, Fritz C. A., 164 KoIakowski, Leszek, 123, 170

Laodicean,63 La RochefoucauId, Francois, Duc de, 17,

18,126,130,131,132,134,170,171 La Vita Nuova, 74 Lecky, William Edward HartpoIe, 20,

164

'Legend of the Grand Inquisitor, The', 3 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, 18 Lenin, Vladimir Dyich, 123 Lermontov, ~ikhail Yuryevich, 108,

119,121 LesJustes, 123,170 Les Mains sales, 123 Les Miserables, 2, 4, 120 'Letter to Sympson' , 42 Leviathan, 17 Little Dorrit, 162 Locke, John, 17, 18 Lord of the Flies, 12, 13, 138-61, 171, 172,

173 Louis XIV, 34 Lowe-Porter,H. T., 163, 167 Luther,~artin,75 Lytton, Edward George EarIe Lytton

Bulwer, Baron, 5

~acauIay, Thomas Babington, Baron ~acauIay of RothIey, 53

~cCarthy, Patrick, 170 ~cSweeney, Keny, 162 ~agarshack, David, 169 Magie Mountain, The, 72, 75, 84,167,168 ~aIraux, Andre, 123 ~andevilIe, Bemard, 125 ~ann, Thomas, 6, 7,9,24,63,69-91,

110,163,167,168,169 ~arIborough, Duke of, John ChurchilI

(see also ChurchilI), 19,33,48,61 ~arIowe, Christopher, 2, 9, 10,87 '~arriage of Heaven and Hell, Ute', 61 ~arsh, Narcissus, Archbishop of

Armagh, 30, 31 Martin Chuzzlewit, 24 ~arx, KarI, 100, 101, 107, 141, 168, 169 ~ary,5 ~atthew, St, 1 ~aupassant, Henri Rene Albert Guy de,

80 ~auriac, Francois, 115 Maxims, 132, 170, 171 '~echanical Operation of the Spirit,

The', 89 ~eIvilIe, Herman, 33 Middlemareh, 162 ~ilton, John, 10, 16,32,33,59,102,105,

106,109,169 '~odest ProposaI, A', 16,22, 121 ~ontaigne, ~icheI Eyquem, Seigneur

de,18 ~ore,SirThomas,105,112 ~orris, Pamela, 171

Index 177

Mosley, Sir Oswald, 115 Murder in the Cathedral, 7 Myth 01 Sisyphus, The, 115, 117, 170, 171

Nathan,119 Nelson,VV~, 163,171,172, 173 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 19, 120, 164 Niemeyer, Carl, 172 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 33, 69, 70, 72, 73,

81,83,87,90,127,167,168 Nineteen Eighty-Four, 13,55,92-113,

114,116,134,148,158,168,169,171 'Ninth Symphony', 8, 9, 12 Noces, 117 Nostromo: A Tale 01 the Seaboard, 58, 166 Notizbuch, 162

Oates, Captain Lawrence E. G., 136 O'Brien, Conor Cruise, 170 O'Brien, Justin, 163, 170 'Ode toJoy', 8, 9, Odyssesy, The, 76,167 Old Man and the Sea, The, 169 O'Neill, Eugene, 135 O'Prey, Paul, 165 Orwell, George, 12,39,55,64,85,86,

92-113,114,116,122,126,135,136, 141,142,145,148,155,163,168,169, 170

Our Mutual Friend, 162 Outline 01 History , The, 138 'Outpost of Progress, An', 50 Ovid, 84, 133

Paradise Lost, 33,169 Pascal, Blaise, 17, 18,26,131,164 Patrides, C. A., 163 Paul,St,84, 112, 113, 133 Paulson, Ronald, 171 Pavlov, Ivan Petroviteh, 106 Pelagius, Pelagian, 10, 13, 16,25,157 Pensees, 164 Pettegrove,JamesP.,l64 Pilgrim's Progress, The, 24, 57 Pincher Martin, 139 Pizarro, Francisco, 32, 40 Plague, The,84,115, 117, 122,170 Plato, 49, SO, 89 Pope,Alexander,16 'Progress of Love, The', 89 Psalms, The, 112

Quiet American, The, 163 Quintana, Ricardo, 165

Rebel, The, 122, 123, 170 Renan, Emest, 159 Repub!ic, The,49,SO Revelations 01 Divine Love Recorded by

fu!ian olNorwich, 162 Riehardson, Samuel, 6, 141 Rieu, E. V., 177 Road to Wigan Pier, The, 114, 170 Robinson Crusoe, 23,139,164 Romance 01 the Rose, The, 81 Romanticism, 13, 32, 33, 61, 89 Ross, Angus, 164 Rousseau, Jean-Jaeques, 4, 10, 120, 121,

122,129,157 Royal Society, 19 Russell,Bertrand,55,104, 140, 166, 171

Saint foan, 7 Saint-Just, Louis Antoine de, 115, 123 Salinger, J. 0., 172 'Samson Agonistes' , 7 Sanre,Jean-Paul,9, 107,115, 121,122,

123,124,128,137,163 'Satirieal Elegy on the Death of a Late

Famous General, A', 33 Schiller, Friedrich von, 8 Seott, T., 164 Seott, Sir Walter, 20,164 Secret Agent, The, 67 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper,

Third Earl of, 17, 132, 133 Shakespeare, VVilliam,9, 10, 12, 106, 119 Shaw, George Bemard, 143 Shelley,Mary, 162, 171 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 33 Sheridan, DrThomas, 30 Sidney, Sir Philip, 135 Si/as Marner, 4 Singer, Peter, 169 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 115 'Sleep of Reason, The', 38 Socrates, 73, 83,84,85 Spartacus, 105 Spenser, Edmund, 75 Stalin, Joseph, 96, 114, 116, 122 'Statue and the Bust, The', 62 Steiner, George, 166, 167 Stromberg, Roland, 164, 170 Supplement to the Voyage 01 Admiral

Bougainville, 23 Swift,Jonathan, 13, 14, 15-45,46,48,49,

SO,61,64,65,67,73,86,88,89,92,93, 94,97,98,107,108,110,111,121,135, 137,138, ISO, 153, 161,164, 165,167, 171

178 Index Tale o{ a Tub, A, 164, 165 Tale o{ Two Cities, A, 4, 5, 162 Tancock,L. VV., 170 Tempest, The, 152 Temple, SirVVilliam, 31 Thackeray, VVilliam Makepeace, 20,164 Thale, Jerome, 166 'Thoughts for the Times on VVar and

Death',124 Toland, John, 18 Tom Iones, 171 Tonio Kröger, 69,167 TurnelI, Martin, 164

!.Inder Western Eyes, 51, 64, 165, 167

Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de, 18

Vico, Giambattista, 17 Virgil, 9, 59 Voltaire, Fran.;ois Marie Arouet de, 17 Voss, Lieselotte, 162 'Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, A', 13, 15,

21,22,25,40,42

VVagner, Richard, 6 VValler, A. R., 164 VValters, Margaret, 173 VVarrack, Grace, 162 VVarton, Thomas, 20 'VVaste Land, The', 10 VVaugh, Evelyn, 11 VVayne, Philip, 162 VV eber, earl Maria (Friedrich Ernst) von,

9 VVedel, T. 0., 163, 164 VVell, Herbert George, 104, 138, 139, 145 VVesley, John, 18 VVharton, Thomas, First Earl oE, 50 VVilcox, Stewart c., 166 VVilliams, Sir Harold, 163, 164 VVilson, Angus, 6, 162 VVoodcock, George, 162 VVoolley, David, 164 VVordsworth, William, 157 Wright, WalterF., 165

Young, Edward, 20 Young, Wayland, 172