FINAL REPORT

LARGE SCALE MULTI LOCATION IPM DEMONSTRATION IN FIELD CROPS under NFSM (2015-16)

Sponsored by: Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, GOI

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DEMONSTRATION OF IPM IN BASMATI RICE

Large scale demonstration of IPM in Basmati rice was carried out at Chhajpur located in the Panipat district of Haryana state, India. The latitude 29.3723819 and longitude 77. are the geocoordinate of the village Chhajpur Kalan, Panipat (Haryana).

1. BASELINE INFORMATION

Baseline information collected from farmers indicated that:

Out of 810 ha cultivable area at Chhajpur, Basmati rice is grown in about 650 ha. Pusa basmati 1121 is the main variety taken by farmers during 2015. During 2002-04,

this area was dominated by Taraori basmati which has now been replaced by Pusa Basmati 1121.

Important pests of the area in Basmati rice are Yellow Stem Borer (YSB), leaf folder (LF), brown plant hopper (BPH), bakanae, blast, sheath blight and Bacteria Leaf Blight (BLB).

Major IPM practices adopted in Taraori Basmati rice during 2002-04 under the guidance of NCIPM, are still being followed in Pusa basmati 1121, especially ‘dhaincha’, seed treatment with carbendazim and need base application of pesticide.

Farmers are able to identify harmful and beneficial insects. Recent advances made in IPM packages are not followed as they are not aware of the

role of Pseudomonas in containing the ‘bakane’ disease.

2. IPM DEMONSTRATION

2.1. Organizing Farmers’ Field School (FFS)

Farmers’ Field School (FFS) were organized at 10-15 days interval at Chhajpur. The farmers actively participated and shared their experiences during FFS to achieve maximum benefits. Local or indigenous knowledge of the environment, varieties, pests, etc. played a major role during decision making. During the implementation of the programme, the farmers were provided structured experiences about all the stages of rice crop so the farmers could test IPM methods and convince themselves about the effectiveness of the validated technology. During

Location : Chhajpur, Panipat (Haryana)Area : 100 haCrop : Basmati Rice

the meeting extension personnel from State Agricultural department also participated. Agriculture Development Officer apprised the farmers about the State Department Agricultural policy especially the health card and availability of subsidiary on gypsum and other farm inputs.

2.2. Training

A training was organized on 22/09/2016 to apprise the farmers about the recent advances in IPM in context with the emergence problem especially bakanae in Basmati rice. In the meeting about 40 farmers participated from Chhajpur village. Mr. Narender Singh Dahiya, Assistant Development Officer (ADO) also participated in the meeting. The farmers were apprised about the IPM and ETL concept to empower the farmers for taking decision for application of pesticides. Mr. Narender Singh Dahiya, ADO apprised the farmers about the State Department Agricultural policy especially the health card and availability of subsidiary on gypsum and other farm inputs. Mr. S.P. Singh informed on the application of fertilizer and nutrients.

2.3. Pest Monitoring

One field scout was trained for identification of pests and natural enemies. The scout was provided with data sheet for recording pest population at weekly interval. In IPM fields pheromone traps for monitoring YSB moth population were fixed. The data on collection of moth population in pheromone traps was recorded at weekly interval.

2.4. Availability of quality IPM inputs

Success of an IPM programme depends on the availability of quality IPM input in local market or block office. Under the present programme strong linkages have been established among State Agricultural Department, NCIPM scientists and farmers. NCIPM arranged antagonistic bacteria, Pseudomonas flurorescens (Microbial Lab of NCIPM) for seedling dip treatment to contain the bakanae disease and pheromone traps for monitoring YSB population. Egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis (Tricho-cards) for management of YSB were arranged from Bio-control Lab of SVBPUA&T, Meerut.

2.5. IPM interventions:

Based on the timely IPM interventions are needed in crop to reduce the effects of economically damaging pest populations to acceptable levels. IPM strategy involved the cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control measures in compatible manner depending on the stage of the crop and pest prevalence.

Cultural Practices: Raising pre kharif crop, Sesbania aculeata (Syn. S. cannabina commonly known

as dhaincha) and incorporate 45 days old crop in soil during land preparation.

Seed treatment (for diseases) with carbendazim (50%WP) @2 g/kg of seed.

Timely sowing and transplanting (2-3 seedling per hill). Seedling root dip with Pseudomonas fluorescens @5 g or ml/litre of water for 30

minutes for management of bakanae. Normal spacing with 25-30 hills/ m2 depending on the duration of the variety. Balanced use of fertilizers and micro-nutrients as per local recommendations. Hand weeding Proper water management (alternate wetting and drying to avoid water stagnation)

in plant hopper, bacterial blight and stem rot endemic areas. Harvest close to ground level to destroy insect pest present in the

internodes/stubbles.

Mechanical Practices Removal and destruction (burn) of diseased/pest infested plant parts. Fixing of pheromone traps @ 5 traps/ ha for monitoring of YSB.

Biological Control Practices Conservation: Fixing of straw bundles (previously charged with spiders) 15 days after

paddy transplanting enhances spider population.

Augmentation: Based on monitoring, augmentative release of Trichogramma japonicum or T. chilonis @ 150,000 parasitized eggs/ha on the appearance of the pest (25 YSB moth/trap/week or 1egg mass m2) for control of stem borer and leaf folder respectively.

Chemical interventions

Chemicals are the last option for containing the pest which should be based upon the Economic Threshold Level (ETL). In the present case as no serious pest was observed, therefore, no pesticide was applied except carbendazim in a few fields as blast appeared in a few fields at early stage.

3. ACHIEVEMENTS

In IPM fields only one application of chemical pesticide i.e. carbendazim was carried out in a few fields based on the appearance of blast symptoms (white to gray-green lesions or spots with darker borders on leaves) whereas in non IPM (Farmers’ field) fields the 2-5 application of pesticides (chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR, carbofuran 3 G, and chlorpyriphos 20 EC) were undertaken.

Among the insect pests, leaf folder ranged from 2.0-3.2% in IPM against 10.4 to 30.6 % in non-IPM fields. Population of BPH (during 40-43 SMW) ranged from 3.6-10.5 adult or nymph/hill in IPM against 5.2 to 14.6 adult or nymph per hill in non IPM.

Bakanae, a major disease in Pusa Basmati 1121and Pusa Basmati 1509, was recorded in traces in IPM fields against from 10.3-30.6% in non IPM fields.

Sheath blight was also recorded in 40 and 41 SMW to an extent of 10.3% in IPM against 18.5% in FP.

Average rice yield remained 46.05 q/ha in IPM against 33.75 q/ha in non-IPM fields (Fig. 1).

IPM programmes empowered the farmers to take their own decision for need based application of pesticides.

 

IPM Non IPM0

1020304050

Fig.1: Rice yield (q/ha) in IPM and non IPM fields at Chhajpur

q/ha

4.1. PROJECT REVIEW

A team comprised of Dr. JS Sandhu, Deputy Director General (CS) and Dr. PK Chakraborthy, Assistant Director General (PP&B) from Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Dr. C. Chattopadhyay, Director, ICAR-NCIPM and Dr. Rashmi Aggarwal, Head, Plant pathology, ICAR-IARI visited Chhajpur on 26th Sept 2015 to review the work done under the project.

A meeting was organized at Chhajpur in which about 60 farmers along with the extension personnel from State Agriculture Department and KVK, Panipat (Haryana) participated. NCIPM rice team leader apprised the team about the IPM activities carried out under the programme in Basmati rice. The main emphasize was laid on green manure, seed treatment, seed ling root dipping/ application of Pseudomonas fluorescens, monitoring, Economic Threshold Level (ETL) concept, conservation of natural enemies and need based application of pesticides.

During the meeting a progressive farmers informed the team about major IPM practices adopted in Pusa Basmati 1121 under the guidance of NCIPM such as growing ‘dhaincha’ , seed treatment with carbendazim, seedling root dipping with Pseudomonas, pest monitoring and need base application of pesticide.

DDG (CS). Dr. Sandhu interacted with farmers and got the feedback about the adoption of the technology and constraints in adoption of the technology. The team also visited IPM and non –IPM fields. In non-IPM field infestation of bakanae was very high. Dr.

Rashmi Aggarwal informed the mode of action of bakanae and further apprised the progress made by IARI in containing the disease.

Suggestion by Review Committee:

The committee suggested that the State Department should ensure the availability of critical inputs such as Pseudomonas, pheromone traps, tricho-cards, etc., in the area to the farmers for sustainability of the IPM strategy .

DEMONSTRATION OF IPM IN PIGEON PEA AND CHICKPEA

Demonstration of IPM in pigeonpea and chickpea has been carried out in farmers participatory mode covering 100 ha each in 4 different states e.g. Karnataka, Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh with our earlier research partners in the adjoin villages to their centres. It has been implemented in pigeonpeaVasantraoNaikMarathwadaKrishiVidhyapeeth, Krishi Nagar, Parbhani (Mah) and in Karnataka by ARS, Kalaburgi (Gulbarga) governed by University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (Karnataka).

Likewise, IPM in chickpea has been demonstrated and implemented in collaboration with KrishiVigyan Kendra (KVK), Redipally, Anantapur (AP) working under the aegis of Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabadand JawaharLal Nehru KrishiVishwaAidhyalaya, Jabalpur.

Due to late start of the project, farmers who could grow pigeonpea with normal rainfall were considered for jointly implementation of IPM strategies in their field. However, in Chickpea general baseline information related to area, varietal coverage, production constraint,resource endowments and the level of crop productivity were collected for selection of villages and farmers. The selection of cooperating centre/farmers was based on importance of area in relation to their contribution share to national productivity and emerging pest scenario. At both the places, state Govt officials were consulted to avoid duplication of beneficiaries. At the both centres farmers were resource poor depending on rainfall. The quality microbial inputs were produced at University as well as state level and provided to the farmers.

Throughout the crop season,regular field visits by Co-PI as well as PI were made to make the course correction and for making timely interventions of Integrated Pest Management Strategies and implementation of project. Pest scout was in regular touch with farmers and carried out pest monitoring by making observations in the field crop for seedling/plant mortality as well as occurrence of adult podborer moths in series of pheromone traps installed in the fields. Special attention was given to be on lookout for Spodopteraexigua, which is on increase from past few years. The data on insect pest population, vascular and foliar diseases were recorded on weekly basis in adopted IPM villages along with few conventional farms and used for making pest related advisories made through interactions well as m-Kisan portal.

Objectives

Large scale demonstration cum validation of IPM strategies in pigeonpea as well as in chickpea.

IPM module:

Pigeonpea

Adopt field sanitation by removing un-decayed plant/crop residues to prevent foliar diseases (e.g., powdry mildew &Cercospora leaf spot).

Incidence of Phytophthora blight disease on increase, hence in order to avoid plant mortality, select field with no water logging or with good drainage system else go for ridge sowing.

Use certified seeds of recommended variety having built in resistant/tolerant mechanism to key insect pest/ plant disease of the region.

Adopt recommended plant to plant and row distance as per chosen variety. Advocate larger row to row space in the late as well as transplanted pigeonpea.

Once the crop attains bud forming stage install pheromone traps @ 5/ha for monitoring of podborer adults in the field. Adult catches will help in getting ready for monitoring based spray schedules. Followed by adult catches crop need to be surveyed for presence and stages of larvae. In case of high infestation in terms of catches (2-5 adult) per week or 1 larvae per plant follow spray schedule as given below. This spray schedule will hold good for Maruca web as well as leaf folders, which infest at vegetative and flowering stage.

Spray with either 5% crude neem seed extract (NSKE) or with neem oil (3000 to 5000 ppm), which will act as anti-feedant as well as repellent to most of insect pests

Spray with some ovicide (e.g., Profenophos or indoxacarb or chlorpyriphos) If the infestation by larvae (podborer or webber or blue butterfly) is causing higher damage

spray with green label pesticides e.g., Emamectin or Rynaxypyr will save the crop. Repeat spray if necessary.

During green pod stage look for damage caused by pod-fly in the immature pods and spray with insecticides e.g., Dimethoate.

Watch for early morning foggy weather for flower drops and examine closely look for black spots caused by Cercospora and spray with recommended fungicide. If dropped flowers are free of spots irrigate the crop and spray with hormones e.g., NAA (@1.5ml/ha), which will prevent further flower, drops.

Harvested grains should be dried on cemented floor to for proper drying, otherwise it will favourable forbruchid’s to survive during storage.

Chickpea

Adopt field sanitation by removing un-decayed plant/crop residues to prevent soil borne diseases (e.g., wilt, black rot and soft rot).

Adopt soil application of Sulphur @ 20kg/ha (e.g., through SSP, Gypsum or BentoniteSulphur) and Zn as ZnS04, which will lead to healthy crop and impart general resistance.

Use certified seeds of recommended variety having built in resistant/tolerant mechanism to key insect pest/ plant disease of the region.

Adopt recommended plant to plant and row distance as per chosen variety. Advocate larger row to row and plant to plant space to prevent foliar (Ascochyta, Cicerarietinum) and floral (Botrytis) diseases. Advocate inter-cultivation of Coriander/Linseed as 10th row to build up natural enemies

Treat the seeds with biofertilizers (PSB + Rhizobium+ Zn solubilizing bacteria) as per recommended dose, giving preference to local resources such as State bio-control lab or University. Followed by biofertizer, treat seeds with recommended dose of locally available Trichoderma formulations (10g/kg seeds), which will prevent seedling as well as vascular diseases (e.g., Sclerotium soft rot &Fusarium wilt) at vegetative stage along with nematodes.

Install in-animate bird perches @ 20/ha to encourage predatory bird population Once the crop attains bud forming stage install pheromone traps @ 5/ha for monitoring of

pod borer adults in the field. Adult catches will help in getting ready for monitoring based spray schedules. In case of high infestation in terms of catches (2-5 adult) per week or 1 larvae per meter row adopt plant protection measures.

Spray with either 5% crude neem seed extract (NSKE) or with neem oil (3000 to 5000 ppm), which will act as anti-feedant as well as repellent to most of insect pests

Spray with any of recommended ovicide (e.g., Profenophos or indoxacarb or choloropyriphos

Critical IPM inputs

Following critical IPM inputs were approved and recommended for pigeonpea under this study.

Approved critical IPM inputs for pigeonpea

Pheromone traps and lures (podborer)Neem oil (5000 ppm)Pesticides : Profenophos/ Emmamectin/ Ranyxypyr / Dimethoate / Redomil / Mancozeb for management of epidemic situation

Approved critical IPM inputs for chickpea

Rhizobium + PSBTrichodermaPheromone traps and Lures (pod borer)Neem oil (5000 ppm)Pesticides : Profenophos/ Emmamectin / Mancozeb for management of epidemic situation

Achievements:Demonstration cum validation of IPM strategies in pigeonpea as well as chickpea has been implemented in farmer’s participatory mode under direct supervision of CO-PI in the

selected villages falling in the jurisdiction of state Agricultural University.The crop health in terms of pest population was monitored on regular basis by pest scouts and decision of pest management was taken at university level. At all the 4 places farmers could save their crop from major pest/disease outbreak by preventing incidence with timely use of eco-friendly pesticides. Present strategies could help in reducing pest population and increase yield through prevention of losses caused by them. Large scale adoption on community basis has resulted in sustainable yields.Details of the programme implemented has been described in running text:

Pigeonpea1. Gulbarga (2015-16)

DrSuhasYelshetty , Principal Scientist (Entomology),Dr V Racchappa, Associate Professor, Agricultural Research Station, Aland Road, Gulbarga.

Gulbarga is considered as a pulse bowl of India occupying more than 3.75 lakh ha under pulses. Among various insect pests and diseases, Phytopthora, wilt, SMD, pod borers, spotted borer and podfly are major production constraint of pigeonpea at Gulbarga and often responsible for crop failure. In absence of substantial host plant resistance to pod borer complex, area wide integrated pest management (IPM) implemented earlier in farmers-participatory mode has helped to reduce yield losses and less pesticide. In present study IPM components were combined with pest monitoring for the targeted region and its impact on pest population compared with conventional farmer practice.

Components of IPM

The sowing of pigeonpea crop took place before the selection of village and farmers, hence the IPM components required at sowing time was not supplied in the project, however few farmers (15%) treated seeds with Rhizobium and Trichoderma collected from nearby RaitaSamparkaKendras of State Dept. of Agriculture and Agricultural research station, Gulbarga .

Seeds (variety) Sowing of pigeonpea crop took place before the start of the project.Seed treatment

RhizobiumPSBTrichodermaPheromone traps* 100Neem oil* 100 litresChemical pesticides-Emamectin benzoate*

100g of 100 pkts

*Supplied in the project.

Incidence of pest in fields located in adopted villages during 2015-16 (Average of fields)

Review of disease incidence data of village Belgumpa and Ivani indicates similar situation. The occurrence of Phytopthora was restricted to September and October with no difference in level of incidence in IPM and conventional practices. Similarly wilt and SMD, highly dependent on climatic factors could only be recorded from October to January. Due to lesser

rainfall in December and January incidences of wilt as well as SMD was more in conventional farmers practice comparison to previous months. Review indicates lesser incidence in IPM in comparison to conventional practices.

Despite lesser rainfall incidence of Helicoverpa, Maruca and podfly affected with varing intensity of losses. Review of insect incidence data of village Belgumpa and Ivani indicates almost similar situation. The occurrence of Helicoverpa was restricted to September to November with little higher level of incidence in conventional farms. Maruca being, highly dependent on climatic factors could only be recorded from October to November. Its incidence was higher in conventional fields then IPM. Due to deficit rainfall in December and January incidences of podflywas more in conventional farms in comparison to IPM fields in both villages. Review indicates significantly higher incidence in conventional fields in comparison to IPM practices.

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Belgumpa Ivani

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

Status of major diseases in Gulbarga during 2015-16

Phytopthora % IPM Phytopthora % FP Wilt % IPM Wilt % FP SMD % IPM SMD % FP

% In

ciden

ce

Details of pesticides used in both treatment is presented below:

Bio-control (Trichodermaetc)

Fungicides Insecticides Total number of spray

IPM 1 or 2 0 3 3 sprays Conventional farms

1 or 2 1 4 5 sprays

1) Few farmers from selected village treated seeds with Rhizobium and Trichoderma collected from nearby RaitaSamparkaKendras of State Dept. of Agriculture and Agricultural research station, Gulbarga (15% of Farmers)

2) In conventional Farms (NIPM) took one fungicide spray as preventive measures for disease control but in IPM it was not taken because there was not much disease incidence

3) Insecticides details taken in IPM and NIPM are listed below :

IPM Conventional (FP)1. Profenophos 1. Profenophos2. Neem Based pesticides 2.Emmamectin benzoate 3. Emamectin benzoate 3.Rynaxypyr /Flubendiamide- 4.Emmamectin benzoate

Cost Benefit Ratio analysis

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Belgumpa Ivani

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10Status of insect pests in Gulbarga during 2015-16

H armigera (No /plant) IPM H armigera (No /plant) FP M vitrata (No. live webs /plant) IPM M vitrata (No. live webs /plant) FP

Podfly damage (%) IPM Podfly damage (%) FP

Components IPM Conventional (FP)Yield (q/ha) 5.50 4.07Plant protection cost 4220 4835Other cost 10890 10890Total cost 15110 15725Gross return (Rs.) 44550 32967Net return (Rs.) 29440 17242C:B Ratio 1:2.95 1: 2.10

2. Badnapur&Parbhani

Badnapur

Badnapur is considered as a major pulse growing area of southern Maharashtra, wherein sole crop is being grown apart from being intercropped with soyabean etc. Due to strategic importance to pulse, scientific efforts has resulted in development of many disease resistant varieties of pigeonpea and chickpea. Among various insect pests and diseases, Phytopthora, wilt, pod borers, leaf roller, Maruca and podfly are major production constraint of pigeonpea in this area. In absence of substantial host plant resistance to pod borer complex, area wide integrated pest management (IPM) implemented earlier in farmers-participatory mode has helped to minimize pest incidence and reduce yield losses with less pesticide. In present study IPM components were combined with pest monitoring for the targeted region and its impact on pest population compared with conventional farmer practice.

Details of adopted Technologies :

I. Deep ploughing in summerII. Use of high yielding and disease resistance varieties viz. BSMR 736, BSMR 853, BDN 711.

III. Installation of pheromone traps @ 5/ha to monitor pod borer H. armigera.IV. Installation of bird perches @ 50/ha.V. Intercropping with mung, udid, soybean and jowar.

VI. If sole crop, mixing of 1% jowar or bajra seeds with pigeonpea seeds.VII. Hand collection of big H. armigeralarvae.

VIII. Spraying of 5% NSKE or Azadirachtin 3000 ppm at bud initiation stage. .IX. Spraying of Emamectin benzoate 5 SC @ 200 g/ha

Incidence of pest in fields located in adopted villages during 2015-16 (Average of fields)

Review of disease incidence data of 4 village Somthana, Badnapur, Dhopteshwar and Gadejalgoan indicates similar situation for occurrence of wilt and SMD disease. The occurrence of Phytopthora was restricted to October with very less level of incidence in IPM and conventional practices. However wilt and SMD incidence was on increase from October to January. Due to lesser rainfall in December and January incidences of wilt as well as SMD was more in conventional farmer’s practices in comparison to IPM.

The crop received normal rainfall during initial crop stage, however due to deficit rainfall incidence of Helicoverpa, Maruca and podfly affected with varing intensity of losses in all the 4 villages under study. Review of incidence data of all 4 village Somthana, Badnapur, Dhopteshwar and Gadejalgoan indicates almost similar situation in conventional farmer field. The occurrence of Helicoverpa could be observed throughout the crop season with higher level of incidence in conventional farms then IPM fields. Though Maruca is highly dependent on climatic factors however it could be recorded till December with higher incidence in conventional fields then IPM. Incidences of podfly was more in conventional farms in comparison to IPM fields in all the 4 villages. Review indicates its significantly higher incidence during the month of December in conventional fields in comparison to IPM practices.

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec JanSomthana Badnapur Dhopteshwar Gadejalgoan

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Status of major diseases in in adopted villages of Badnapur during 2015-16

Phytopthora IPM Phytopthora FP Wilt IPMWilt FP SMD IPM SMD FP

% In

ciden

ce

Details of pesticides used in both treatment is presented below:

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Sep Oct Nov Dec JanSomthana Badnapur Dhopteshwar Gadejalgoan

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Status of insect pests in in adopted villages of Badnapur during 2015-16

H armigera (No /plant) IPM H armigera (No /plant) FP M vitrata (No. live webs /plant) IPM

M vitrata (No. live webs /plant) FP Podfly damage (%) IPM Podfly damage (%) FP

Bio-control (Trichodermaetc)

Fungicides

Insecticides Total number of spray

IPM -- -- Fluebendiamide 20WG@ 100 gm/ ha

2 spray

Profenophos 50% EC @ 500ml/ha

Conventional farms

-- Quinalphos 25EC 4 spray

Monocrotophos 36ECIndoxacarb 15.8 ECChlorantriniliprole18.5 SC

Economics:

Cost Benefit Ratio table

Sr.

No

Treat. Grain yield (Q/ha)

Increased yield over control

Monitory returns (Rs./ha)

Cost of treatment

Net profit (Rs.)

Cost benefit ratio

Farmers local practice

5.25 -- -- 2100/-

IPM technology

Bird Perchase Mechanical collection and spraying of NSKE 5% , NPV 250 LE/ha, Proclain 3 g a.i./ha

8.56 3.31 23832/- 5600/- 18032/- 1: 3.25

Cost of pigeonpeaRs. 7200/ qtl.

Parbhani.

Pigeonpea is an important legume crop of southern Maharashtra, providing economic gains in cotton based cropping system. Insect pests feeding on flowers and pods are the most important biotic constraint affecting yield to the tune of 60%. Hitherto, focus of pest management research has been on podborer, Helicoverpaarmigera (Hubner), however with large scale cultivation of transgenic cotton in this area and climatic changes, pest scenario has changed requiring more attention on leaf webber, Maruca and pod fly. Pod fly has now become important biotic constraint in increasing the production and productivity under subsistence farming conditions irrespective of agro-ecological zones. With focus on environmentally sound pest management strategies for resource poor farmers, area wide implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in pigeopeahas been implemented in villages.

Details of critical IPM components:

Seeds (variety) BDN 708, BSMR 736, BSMR 853

Seed treatment

Rhizobium 50 g / Kg seed

PSB 50 g / Kg seed

Trichoderma 10 g / Kg seed

Pheromone traps 4 traps / ha

Neem oil 2.5 lit. / ha

Chemical pesticides Flubendamide 20 % WG / Emamectin benzoate 5 WG /

Profenophos 50 % EC / Monocrotophos 36 SL

Incidence of pest fields located in adopted villages during 2015-16 (Average of fields)

The observations on pest incidence in IPM and Non-IPM revealed that the wilt was recorded in October and first fortnight of November. The population of pod borer larvae was less in IPM fields than Non-IPM fields throughout the season. The peak population was recorded in 45th MW in IPM (1.16 larvae/plant) and Non-IPM (2.02 larvae/plant) fields in IPM adopted villages. The population ranged from 0.12 to 1.16 larvae/plant in IPM fields and 0.40 to 2.02 in non-IPM fields. The incidence of M. vitratawas observed during October month. The population ranged from 0.10 to 0.14 larvae/plant in IPM fields and 0.20 to 0.34 in non-IPM fields. The pod fly damage was initiated from first week of November. The pod fly damage ranged from 1.6 to 8.4 larvae/plant in IPM fields and 2.8 to 22.20 in non-IPM fields.

IPM FP IPM FP IPM FPPhytopthora Wilt SMD

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Status of major diseases in Parbhani during 2015-16

Sep Oct Nov Dec

% In

ciden

ce

Details of pesticides used in IPM as well as conventional farmers practices.

Bio-control (

Trichodermaetc)

Fungicides Insecticides Total numbe

r of spray

IPM Rhizobium, PSB, Trichoderma

-- Flubendamide 20 % WG / Emamectin benzoate 5 WG / Profenophos 50 % EC / Monocrotophos 36 SL

2.25

Conventional farms

-- Carbendazim

Chlorpyriphos 20 % EC / Acephate 75 % SP / Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG / Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC / Flubendamide 20 % WG

3.80

Economics

H armigera (No /plant)

M vitrata (No. live webs /plant)

Podfly damage (%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Status of major insect pests in Parbhani during 2015-16

Sep Oct Nov Dec

Cost Benefit Ratio

Particulars IPM Non-IPM

Yield (q/ha) 9.10 6.80No. of sprayings 2.25 3.80Cost of spraying (Rs./ha) 1358 2380Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) 11,500 12,650Net income (Rs./ha) 72,800 54,400Cost benefit ratio 1:6.3 1:4.3

The IPM fields recorded higher yield than Non-IPM fields. The average yield was 9.10 q/ha in IPM and 6.80 q/ha in Non-IPM fields of IPM adopted villages. The cost benefit ratio was 1:6.3 due to IPM and 1:4.3 in Non-IPM. Overall the IPM has increased the net income in IPM adopted villages of Parbhani district.

Chickpea

1. Anantapur

Andhra Pradesh has emerged as a main chickpea producing state, wherein its production has increased from 345 to 648 metric tonnes during 2005 to 2013 with a contribution of 132 metric tonnes coming from Anantapur (DAC, 2013), providing economic gains and improving soil nutrients. A number of varieties e.g., JG-11, KAK 2, JAKI 9218, MNK-1, ICCV 37 are now being grown on large scale. Pulse production got boost in preceding years due to centres initiatives and implementation of large scale Integrated pest management (IPM) in farmers’ participatory mode by KrishiVigyan Kendra (KVK), Anantapur. Registered farmers were provided with the critical plant protection inputs to be applied as per advisories with emphasis on reducing use of chemical pesticides and timing of management practices as per pest surveillance data. Due to residual moisture in the soil, demonstrations on chickpea growing were successfully implemented as healthy crop in 100 ha benefitting resource poor farmers. The replacement of traditional seeds of JG-11with NbeG-3 has resulted in better plant population due to its disease resistant character. In order to keep track of pest incidence, the crop was monitored on weekly basis to record the pest incidence.

Components of IPM

Seeds (variety) Nbeg-1Rhizobium 20 g/kg of seedPSB 20 g/kg of seedTrichoderma Trichoderma @ 10 g/kgPheromone traps 5 no/haNeem oil 5 ml/lChemical pesticides Coragen @ 60 ml/acre and Carbendazim @ 1 g/l

Incidence of pest fields located in adopted villages during 2015-16 (Average of fields)

It was observed that despite seed treatment with Trichoderma in IPM the crop suffered with collar rot caused by Sclerotiumrolfsii causing percentage mortality ranging between 0.5 to 2.75. The disease intensity was more in conventional farmers’ field. The incidence of wilt was comparatively less in IPM fields indicating effectives of Trichoderma as seed treatment. The incidence of Rhizoctonia increased from November month onwards, however their incidence was less in IPM in comparison to conventional farms. Disease scenario was similar in both villages.

Sep Oct Nov Dec Sep Oct Nov DecKondipalli Pathapalli

0123456789

Status of major diseases in adopted villages of Anantapur during 2015-16

Collar rot IPM Collar rot FP Wilt IPM Wilt FP Dry root rot IPM Dry root rot FP

% In

ciden

ce

Review of Helicoverpa population observed in both village indicates it continues to be a key insect pest governing yield. Its average population varied from 0.75 to 2.0 in IPM in comparison to 0.5 to 4.75 larvae in conventional farmers’ fields relying on recommended practices.S exiguause to be a minor pest for chickpea, however in recent past like other southern pulse growing areas it is on increase. Its significant population could be observed during vegetative phase of crop causing skeletonized leaves with no green part.

Sep Oct Nov Dec Sep Oct Nov DecKondipalli Pathapalli

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Status of major insect pests in adopted villages at Anantapur during 2015-16

H armigera IPM H armigera FP S. exigua IPM S. exigua FP

Nos p

er p

lant

Details of pesticides used in IPM as well as conventional farms

Module Bio-control (Trichodermaetc

Fungicides Insecticides Total number of

sprayIPM Trichoderma,

Rhizobium & PSBCarbendazim Coragen 1

Conventional farms

---- mancozeb Profenophos,Novuluron 3

Economics

Cost Benefit Ratio table

Cost of Cultivation (IPM) Cost of Cultivation (NON-IPM)

Gross cost (Rs./ha)

Gross return

(Rs./ha)

Net return (Rs./ha)

B:C Ratio

Gross Cost (Rs./ha)

Gross return

(Rs./ha)

Net return (Rs./ha)

B:C ratio

31250 94000 62750 3 32500 82250 49750 2.5

Jabalpur

Components of IPM

Seeds (variety) Local (JG-11), JG-63, JG-130,Seed treatment,Rhizobium 2 kgPSB 2 Kg

Trichoderma 10g/kg SeedPheromone traps 5 trapes /ha and 15 lures /haNeem oil 1 liter/haChemical pesticides Triazophos 1 liter/ha and Lamdacychomethrin 1 liter/ha

Incidence of pest fields located in adopted villages during 2015-16 (Average of fields)

Review of disease incidence data collected on weekly basis indicates that collar rot and Fusarium wilt continues to a major biotic constraint. It was observed that despite seed treatment with Trichoderma in IPM the crop suffered causing percentage mortality ranging between 2.3 to 8.4. The disease intensity was more in conventional farmers’ field with incidence going as high as 9.1. The incidence of wilt was comparatively less (1 to 8.4) in IPM fields in comparison to (1.8 to 9) indicating effectives of Trichodermaas seed treatment. The incidence of Rhizoctoniacould be observedin Jan with incidence of 7.5 to 10.8 in farmers conventional fields. In general its incidence was less in IPM in comparison to conventional farms. There was not much difference in disease scenario in all four (4) adopted villages.

Nov Dec Jan Feb Nov Dec Jan Feb Nov Dec Jan Feb Nov Dec Jan FebChaprat Bhamki Kalon .Khirkakheda

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Status of major diseases in adopted villages at Jabalpur during 2015-16

Collar rot IPM Collar rot FP Wilt IPM Wilt FP Dry root rot IPM Dry root rot FP

% in

ciden

ce

Bio-control (Trichodermaetc)

Fungicides Insecticides Total number of spray

IPM Yes No Yes 3Conventional farms

No No No 1

Helicoverpa population could be observed in all 4 village indicates it continues to be a key insect pest governing yield. Its average population varied from 0.2 to 1.35 in IPM in comparison to 0.2 to 1.8

larvae in conventional farmers’ fields relying on recommended practices. Significant population of beneficial insects due to intercropping of coriander could be observed during vegetative and pod forming phase of crop thereby reducing population of Helicoverpa.

Nov Dec Jan Feb Nov Dec Jan Feb Nov Dec Jan Feb Nov Dec Jan FebChaprat Bhamki Kalon Khirkakheda

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

Population of Helicoverpa in adopted villages of Jabalpur during 2015-16

Helicoverpa IPM Helicoverpa FP

Axis Title

No o

f lar

vae

per p

lant

Data on use of pesticides

The observations were recorded at weekly intervals, as sows above table to note the incidence of H. armigera and Diseases.The S. exigua. Insect in not reported in rabi season. For H. armigera sample unit was one meter length and diseases in percentage in each field and five random fields in each villages were taken for observation. The mean population of H.armigera and diseases percentage were plotted among different meteorological weeks corresponding to the date of observation.

Statement of expenditure (up to 31st March, 2016)

Project: Large Scale multi location IPM Demonstrations in field crops

Amount (Rs.)Total Sanctioned Amount 14,01,000.00Amount Received 10,50,000.00Total Expenditure 1054247.00Closing Balance -4247.00