new changgp,pes in pests, plants and their interactions as drivers of … · 2015. 8. 4. ·...

Changes in pests, plants and their interactions as g p , p

drivers of emerging plant health risks:

tomato yellow leaf curl disease epidemics in

Spanish protected cultivation a study caseSpanish protected cultivation, a study case.

Enrique MorionesEnrique MorionesInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y

Mediterránea (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) “La Mayora” Experimental StationLa Mayora Experimental StationAlgarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain

>end 1980’s Bemisia tabaci emergence

Whitefly-transmitted viruses

gwarm and temperate regions

Whitefly transmitted viruses

EMERGING VIRUSES (since late 1980s)• Begomoviruses (Fam. Geminiviridae)• Criniviruses (Fam. Criniviridae)

( )

• Ipomoviruses (Fam. Potyviridae)• Torradoviruses (Picorna-like)CYSDV

CVYV TYLCVTToVToCV

PARADIGM: Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD)

Presence of TYLCD

IRIRIRIR

CAUSAL AGENTSGenus: Begomovirus, Family: Geminiviridae

C4V2

Rep CP

C4V2

Rep CP~2,8Kb

C4V2

Rep CP

C4V2

Rep CP~2,8Kb

REnTrAP

REnREnTrAP

REn

ssDNA genome

Infection at early growth stages: 100% yield loss

TYLCD: complex of viruses associated

T LCVToLCV

TYLCKaV

TYLCGuV

TYLCKaV (bipartite)

TYLCGuVTYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

TYLCTHV833

1000

TYLCMalV

TYLCCNVTYLCCNVTYLCTHV (bipartite)

TYLCMalVTYLCMalV

TYLCAxV

TYLCSV-ES1000

1000

999547

TYLCSV

TYLCAxV

TYLCSV-Sar

TYLCSV-Sic1000

1000

TYLCV-Gez911

1000

TYLCSV

TYLCV-Mld911

TYLCV-IL

TYLCV IR1000

932

1000

TYLCV(Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus)

0.1

TYLCV-IR

TYLCMLV

1000

TYLCMLV

… biological differences exist(Navas-Castillo et al. 1999. Plant Disease 83: 29-32)

ToLCV

TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan1]

TYLCGuV-[CN:G3]

TYLCCNV-[CN:Gua]1000

TYLCKaV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

ToLCV

TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan1]

TYLCGuV-[CN:G3]


ToLCV

TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan1]

TYLCGuV-[CN:G3]


TYLCKaV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

(Navas Castillo et al. 1999. Plant Disease 83: 29 32)

TYLCCNV [CN:Gua]

TYLCTHV-[TH:1]833

TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99]

TYLCAxV-[ES:Sn8:00]

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]1000

999547

TYLCCNVTYLCCNVTYLCTHV

TYLCMalV

TYLCaXV

TYLCCNV [CN:Gua]

TYLCTHV-[TH:1]833


TYLCAxV-[ES:Sn8:00]


999547

TYLCCNV [CN:Gua]

TYLCTHV-[TH:1]833


TYLCAxV-[ES:Sn8:00]


999547

TYLCCNVTYLCCNVTYLCTHV

TYLCMalV

TYLCaXV

TYLCSV-[IT]

TYLCSV-Sic[IT]1000

1000

TYLCV-Gez[SD]

TYLCV-Mld[IL]911

932

1000

TYLCSV

TYLCGezV

TYLCSV-[IT]

TYLCSV-Sic[IT]1000

1000

TYLCV-Gez[SD]

TYLCV-Mld[IL]911

932

1000

TYLCSV-[IT]

TYLCSV-Sic[IT]1000

1000

TYLCV-Gez[SD]

TYLCV-Mld[IL]911

932

1000

TYLCSV

TYLCGezV

Bean leaf crumple diseasex

0.1

TYLCV-[IL]

TYLCV-IR1000

93

TYLCMLV

1000

TYLCV

TYLCMLV0.1

TYLCV-[IL]

TYLCV-IR1000

93

TYLCMLV

1000

0.1

TYLCV-[IL]

TYLCV-IR1000

93

TYLCMLV

1000

TYLCV

TYLCMLV

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5TYLCV-Mld TYLCV-IL

Resistance break down

(Squash-blot hybridization)Tomás et al. 2011. MPMI (in press)

TYLCD emergence, SPAIN as study case: MIGRATION

1992 .........1997...........1999......................2009

TYLCSV

TYLCSV nucleotide genetic diversity (intergenic region) (Nei, 1987)

High genetic stability of the TYLCSV population (8 years period)

PROVINCE 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

ALMERÍA 0,0000 0,0028 0,0052 - 0,0080 0,0098 - -

g y ( g g ) ( , )

, , , , ,

MÁLAGA - - - 0,0018 0,0058 0,0106 - -

MURCIA 0,0066 0,0043 0,0085 - 0,0101 0,0085 0,0096 0,0314

(Sánchez-Campos et al. 2002. Phytopathology 92:842-849)

1992 ........1997.....1998.............................2009

TYLCSV-ESTYLCV-Mld

DISPLACEMENT of TYLCSV by TYLCV:Tomato - Southern Spain (1996 – 1998)

NO (%) POSITIVE SAMPLES FOR:

YEARNO FIELDS

VISITEDNO SAMPLES COLLECTED

INCIDENCE TYLCD (%) TYLCSV TYLCV TYLCSV+( ) TYLCSV TYLCV TYLCSV+

TYLCV

1996 20 1000 686 (68,6) 398 (39,8) 71 (7,1) 219 (21,9)

1997 12 605 492 (81,3) 103 (17,0) 231 (38,2) 158 (26,1)

1998 11 554 536 (96,7) 10 (1,8) 403 (72,7) 123 (22,2)

Sánchez-Campos, et al. 1999. Phytopathology 89:1038-1043

Host rangeTYLCSV TYLCVPLANT HOST TYLCSV TYLCV

Common bean

+Tomato

PLANT HOST

-+++ +

Rotation tomato – common bean – tomato: purifying selection for TYLCV

Vector transmission

PERCENTAGE INFECTED PLANTSBIOTYPE

B. TABACI

N O

EXPERIMENTS TYLCSV TYLCV

B 4 11,8 c 33,7 b

Q 4 40,1 ab 50,0 a

Navas-Castillo et al. 1999. Plant Disease 83: 29-32.Sánchez-Campos, et al. 1999. Phytopathology 89:1038-1043

1992 ........1997.....1998.............................2009

TYLCSV-ESTYLCV-Mld TYLCV-IL

100les

Murcia

Incidence of TYLCV-IL in TOMATO among TYLCD-infected samples

708090

ed s

ampl Murcia

AlmeríaMálaga

405060

L-in

fect

e

10203040

TYLC

V-IL

010

% T

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Population study: TYLCD in Western Mediterranean Basin(1999 2003)(1999-2003)

Systematic survey:

1,900 samples from Italy and Spain

(tomato / common bean)

(Collaboration : GP Accotto. IVA, Torino, Italy)

780 nt (30% genome)

V2

Rep

IR

80 t ( g )

Random selection:111 isolates analyzed

C4 CP

(García-Andrés, et al. 2007. Virology 359:302-312)

100

75

55

5270

ES:T245:03-F5 ES:T387:03-F8ES:T398:03-F9

ES:T323:03-F1ES:T239:03-F5

ES:T249:03-F5 ES:T15:03-F3

ES:T223:03-F4

TYLCV-[IL] IT:T568:02-F4IT:T573:02-F4IT:T570:02-F4IT:T535:02-F2IT:T529:02-F2TYLCV-[IT:Sic:05]

Great genetic diversity:

6 virus types present:• TYLCV: IL / MldTYLCV-IL100

78

53

ES:T177:03-F2 ES:T341:03-F3

ES:T6:03-F2ES:T318:03-F1ES:T383:03-F7ES:T365:03-F6

ES:T158:03-F1

ES:T3:03-F2ES:T409:03-F9ES:T206:03-F7 ES:B437:03-F5ES:T190:03-F3

ES:T333:03-F2ES:T162:03-F1

ES:T84:03-F8

ES:T80:03-F8

• TYLCSV: Sar / Sic / ES• TYLCMalV

98

50

100

62

ES:T188:03-F3 ES:T28:03-F4

ES:T16:03-F3ES:T48:03-F1ES:T281:03-F8

ES:T196:03-F3 ES:T167:03-F1

ES:T337:03-F3ES:T327:03-F2ES:B434:03-F4TYLCV-[ES:Alm] ES:T400:03-F9ES:T70:03-F7ES:T268:03-F6

ES:T305:03-F9

ES T362 03 F5

TYLCSV-Sar

TYLCV- Mld62

76

97

99

90

100

56

81

98

100 ES:T362:03-F5ES:T377:03-F7

ES:T357:03-F5ES:B122:03-F3

ES:B139:03-F1ES:T21:03-F4TYLCV-Mld[ES:72:97]

IT T292 99 F2IT:T306:99-F3IT:T289:99-F2

IT:T284:99-F1IT:T548:02-F3

IT:T561:02-F3IT:T511:02-F1IT:T310:99-F4IT:T538:02-F2

ES:T50:03-F6

Geographic and host STRUCTURATION

TYLCSV-ES

TYLCSV-Sic

O Italy (tomato)

74

88

70

64

100

60

100

99

100

IT:T287:99-F1IT:T315:99-F4

IT:T313:99-F4IT:T293:99-F2IT:T304:99-F3TYLCSV-Sic[IT]


ES:T36:03-F5

TYLCSV-ES[ES:92:1]

TYLCSV-[IT:Sar] IT:T303:99-F3IT:T292:99-F2

ES:T57:03-F6

Geographic and host STRUCTURATION

TYLCMalV

y ( )O Spain (common bean)O Spain (tomato)52

61

52

100

TYLCSV ES[ES:92:1] ES:B117:03-F2ES:B109:03-F2

ES:B104:03-F1ES:B130:03-F3ES:T31:03-F5ES:B428:03-F4ES:B145:03-F2ES:B152:03-F2ES:B115:03-F2ES:B101:03-F1ES:B99:03-F1ES:B110:03-F2

ES:B143:03-F1ES:B121:03-F3ES:B123:03-F3

ES:B106:03-F1

(García-Andrés, et al. 2007. Virology 359:302-312)62

0.05

ES:B106:03 F1ES:B416:03-F2ES:B98:03-F1ES:B422:03-F3ES:B134:03-F1ES:T64:03-F7

ES:B423:03-F3ES:B432:03-F4ES:B147:03-F2ES:B138:03-F1ES:B142:03-F1ES:B119:03-F3TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99]

ES:B111:03-F2

ToLCV-[AU] ToLCV-[AU]

Mixed infections occur in natural populations: risk of RECOMBINATION

Within single plantsTYLCV-Mld[ES:72:97]

1000

1000T535/02 P2T570/02 P4T573/02 P4T529/02 P2

1000

TYLCV-[IT:Sic:05]

TYLCV-Mld[ES:72:97]

1000

1000T535/02 P2T570/02 P4T573/02 P4T529/02 P2

1000

TYLCV-[IT:Sic:05]

TYLCV-IL pGEM-TBglII digestion

pGEM T

1Kb

TYLCSV -Sar

TYLCSV -Sic

TYLCVUn cu

t

1Kb

TYLCSVTYLCSV-

SicTYLCVUncu

t

1Kb

TYLCSV -Sar

TYLCSV -Sic

TYLCVUn cu

t

1Kb

TYLCSV -Sar

TYLCSV -Sic

TYLCVUn cu

t

1Kb

TYLCSVTYLCSV-

SicTYLCVUncu

t

Bgl II digestionRFLP differentiation

g p

TYLCV-[ES:Alm]

TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99] TYLCSV-[IT:Sar]

T284/99 P1991

T568/02 P4

TYLCV-[ES:Alm]

TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99] TYLCSV-[IT:Sar]

T284/99 P1991

T568/02 P4TYLCV IL ppGEM-T

T561/02 P3T548/02 P3

T538/02 P2

T310/99 P4T511/02 P1

991

T303/99 P3

1000

999

577

T561/02 P3T548/02 P3

T538/02 P2

T310/99 P4T511/02 P1

991

T303/99 P3

1000

999

577

SICILY

TYLCSV-Sar

1kb 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10[Ty304:99]

TYLCSV-Sar

T303/99 P3T306/99 P3T289/99 P2T292/99 P2

999

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]T506/02 P1

961

999 T303/99 P3T306/99 P3T289/99 P2T292/99 P2

999

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]T506/02 P1

961

999

TYLCSV-Sic

TYLCSV-Sic

TYLCSV-Sic[IT:Sic]T500/02 P1T558/02 P3

T293/99 P2T304/99 P3T286/99 P1

1000TYLCSV-Sic[IT:Sic]

T500/02 P1T558/02 P3

T293/99 P2T304/99 P3T286/99 P1

1000

TYLCSV-Sic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101kb[Ty570:02]

TYLCSV-SarTYLCV-IL

0.1

T286/99 P1T315/99 P4T287/99 P1

T313/99 P40.1

T286/99 P1T315/99 P4T287/99 P1

T313/99 P4

(García-Andrés, et al. 2007. Virology 359:302-312)TYLCSV-Sic

1992 1997 1998 2009TYLCD emergence, SPAIN as study case: RECOMBINATION

1992 ........1997.....1998.............................2009TYLCV-Mld TYLCV-IL

TYLCSV-ES

TYLCMalV TYLCAxV

(García-Andrés et al. 2006. Virology 350:433-442)

(Monci et al. 2002. Virology 303: 317-326)

Ch i h t

Emergence of recombinants: increased host range / virulence

TYLCV TY CSV ES TYLCM lV TYLCA V

Changes in host range (detection by molecular hybridization)

Recombinant virusesParental viruses

TYLCV TYLCSV-ES TYLCMalV TYLCAxVTomato + + + +Common bean + + +-Solanum nigrum - + + +

Changes in virulencecommom bean

seve

rity

3

4

5 tomato

3

4

5 S. nigrum

3

4

5

seve

ri ty

common bean tomato Solanum nigrumcommom bean

seve

rity

3

4

5 tomato

3

4

5 S. nigrum

3

4

5

seve

ri ty

common bean tomato Solanum nigrum

Changes in virulence

Sym

ptom

s

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

S ym

p to m

sS

ympt

om s

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

S ym

p to m

s

Days post-inoculation15 3015 3015 30S

Days post-inoculation15 3015 3015 30S

TYLCSV-ESTYLCAxVTYLCV-IL

(García-Andrés, et al. 2006. Virology 350:433-442)(Monci et al. 2002. Virology 303: 317-326)

Emergence of recombinants: Resistance break down

V2

C4C2

C1V1

IR Plant number

Resistance break downTYLCV-Mld vs. TYLCV-IL

1.0

0.5

A

C3C4 IR

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5TYLCV-Mld TYLCV-IL

0.0 I II I(Squash-blot hybridization)

Region I Region IITGMV

ToLCKavToLCBV1000

TYLCSV

TGMV

TYLCV-IL1000

TYLCSVTYLCV-IR

TYLCV-MILD

1000

1000

ToLCBV

ToLCKaVTYLCV-IR

9501000

772

TYLCSV

0.1 0.1

TYLCV MILDTYLCV-IL TYLCV-MILD1000

614

(Navas-Castillo et al. 2000. J Gen Virol 81: 2797-2801)

100

75

55

5270

ES:T245:03-F5 ES:T387:03-F8ES:T398:03-F9

ES:T323:03-F1ES:T239:03-F5

ES:T249:03-F5 ES:T15:03-F3

ES:T223:03-F4

TYLCV-[IL] IT:T568:02-F4IT:T573:02-F4IT:T570:02-F4IT:T535:02-F2IT:T529:02-F2TYLCV-[IT:Sic:05]

Emergence of recombinants: Population structure change

TYLCV-IL100

78

53

ES:T177:03-F2 ES:T341:03-F3

ES:T6:03-F2ES:T318:03-F1ES:T383:03-F7ES:T365:03-F6

ES:T158:03-F1

ES:T3:03-F2ES:T409:03-F9ES:T206:03-F7 ES:B437:03-F5ES:T190:03-F3

ES:T333:03-F2ES:T162:03-F1

ES:T84:03-F8

ES:T80:03-F8

(Spain – common bean)

98

50

100

62

ES:T188:03-F3 ES:T28:03-F4

ES:T16:03-F3ES:T48:03-F1ES:T281:03-F8

ES:T196:03-F3 ES:T167:03-F1

ES:T337:03-F3ES:T327:03-F2ES:B434:03-F4TYLCV-[ES:Alm] ES:T400:03-F9ES:T70:03-F7ES:T268:03-F6

ES:T305:03-F9

ES T362 03 F5

Displacement of TYLCV by

TYLCSV-Sar

TYLCV- Mld62

76

97

99

90

100

56

81

98

100 ES:T362:03-F5ES:T377:03-F7

ES:T357:03-F5ES:B122:03-F3

ES:B139:03-F1ES:T21:03-F4TYLCV-Mld[ES:72:97]

IT T292 99 F2IT:T306:99-F3IT:T289:99-F2

IT:T284:99-F1IT:T548:02-F3


ES:T50:03-F6

TYLCMalV in common bean

TYLCSV-ES

TYLCSV-Sic

O Italy (tomato)

74

88

70

64

100

60

100

99

100

IT:T287:99-F1IT:T315:99-F4

IT:T313:99-F4IT:T293:99-F2IT:T304:99-F3TYLCSV-Sic[IT]


ES:T36:03-F5

TYLCSV-ES[ES:92:1]

TYLCSV-[IT:Sar] IT:T303:99-F3IT:T292:99-F2

ES:T57:03-F6

TYLCMalV

O Spain (common bean)O Spain (tomato)52

61

52

100

TYLCSV ES[ES:92:1] ES:B117:03-F2ES:B109:03-F2

ES:B104:03-F1ES:B130:03-F3ES:T31:03-F5ES:B428:03-F4ES:B145:03-F2ES:B152:03-F2ES:B115:03-F2ES:B101:03-F1ES:B99:03-F1ES:B110:03-F2

ES:B143:03-F1ES:B121:03-F3ES:B123:03-F3

ES:B106:03-F1 TYLCMalV


62

0.05

ES:B106:03 F1ES:B416:03-F2ES:B98:03-F1ES:B422:03-F3ES:B134:03-F1ES:T64:03-F7

ES:B423:03-F3ES:B432:03-F4ES:B147:03-F2ES:B138:03-F1ES:B142:03-F1ES:B119:03-F3TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99]

ES:B111:03-F2

Recombination as source of genetic diversity

During co-infections of a single plant

TYLCSV ESTYLCSV-ES+

TYLCV-Mld

Tomato plantsMoneymaker

TY-1SMmBMmA

Tomato plants

------130 dpi

------60 dpi

------20 dpiVirus population analysis[days post-infection (dpi)]

400 dpi400 dpi400 dpi

IRV2

CP RepTrAP

REnC4

RFLP analysis

TYLCV-Mld

TYLCSV-ES

TYLCV-Mld

Hind IIIBgl II Bgl I Kpn IKpn ISac II

Pml IDra III Sph I Eco NI

25 clones/date

MoneymakerTY-1S

MmBMmAMoneymaker

TY-1SMmBMmA

TYLCSV-ESTYLCV-Mld

R1R2R3R4400 dpi400 dpi400 dpi

------130 dpi

------60 dpi

------20 dpi

400 dpi400 dpi400 dpi

------130 dpi

------60 dpi

------20 dpi

R4

400d i400 d i400 d i130 d i60 d i20 d i

Ty-1SMm BMm AHaplotypeRestriction

pattern

Sequence analysis

3----------V--3109----IVR2 1----------IIIR1 --3--696IITYLCV12151371619ITYLCSV

400dpi400 dpi400 dpi130 dpi60 dpi20 dpipattern

--4--------XI------2----XR3 1----------IX1----------VIII5----------VII2----------VI

13/257/2512/2512/250/250/25

----21----XIIR4

4XI

Incidence of recombinants 12/25 12/25 7/25 13/25


migration

Factors driving emergence of TYLCD-associated viruses in SPAIN

TYLCV-Mld TYLCV-ILTYLCSV-ES

1992 ........1996.....1998.............................2009

recombination

TYLCMalV TYLCAxV

TYLCSV-ES TYLCSV-ES+

TYLCV Mld

TYLCSV-ES +

TYLCV IL

TYLCSV-ES+

TYLCV Mld

TYLCSV-ES+

TYLCV Mld TYLCV-Mld+

TYLCV-IL+

TYLCMal

TYLCV-IL+

TYLCV-Mld+

TYLCMal

TYLCV-Mld TYLCV-Mld+

TYLCV-IL

TYLCMal +TYLCAxV

AYVVES:Sn29:00

AYVVES:Sn29:00

WILD RESERVOIRS: Solanum nigrum populations as a study case(Málaga, Spain, 2000-2003)

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]ES:Sn8-1:00ES:Sn30-1:00

ES:Sn16:00

ES:Sn4-1:03ES:Sn15-1:03

ES:Sn34:00

1000

947

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]ES:Sn8-1:00ES:Sn30-1:00

ES:Sn16:00

ES:Sn4-1:03ES:Sn15-1:03

ES:Sn34:00

1000

947

TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99] ES:Sn27:00

ES:Sn10-1:00ES:Sn2:02

ES:Sn28-1:00

ES:Sn34:00

ES:Sn13:01ES:Sn6-1:00997

970

959

TYLCMalV-[ES:421:99] ES:Sn27:00

ES:Sn10-1:00ES:Sn2:02

ES:Sn28-1:00

ES:Sn34:00

ES:Sn13:01ES:Sn6-1:00997

970

959

TYLCV-[ES:Alm]

TYLCV-Mld[ES:72:97]ES:Sn6 1:00

ES:Sn5-1:00ES:Sn11:00ES:Sn10-2:00

ES:Sn8-2:00

886

TYLCV-[ES:Alm]

TYLCV-Mld[ES:72:97]ES:Sn6 1:00

ES:Sn5-1:00ES:Sn11:00ES:Sn10-2:00

ES:Sn8-2:00

886

ES:Sn5-2:00

ES:Sn30-2:00ES:Sn15-2:03

ES:Sn35:03ES:Sn25:00

ES:Sn3-1:01

ES:Sn15-3:00

998

939

ES:Sn5-2:00

ES:Sn30-2:00ES:Sn15-2:03

ES:Sn35:03ES:Sn25:00

ES:Sn3-1:01

ES:Sn15-3:00

998

939

V2IR

V2IR

V2IR

V2IR

V2IR

V2IR

V2IR

ES:Sn5-3:00ES:Sn8-3:00

ES:Sn32:00ES:Sn3-2:01

ES:Sn30-3:00

ES:Sn12:01

ES:Sn4-2:03

989

ES:Sn5-3:00ES:Sn8-3:00

ES:Sn32:00ES:Sn3-2:01

ES:Sn30-3:00

ES:Sn12:01

ES:Sn4-2:03

989C4

V2

Rep CP750 nt

C4V2

Rep CP

C4V2

Rep CP300nt

C4V2

Rep CP

C4V2

Rep CP750 nt

C4V2

Rep CP

C4V2

Rep CP300nt300nt

ES:Sn28-2:00

ES:Sn6-2:00

ES:Sn1:03

ES:Sn19:03

ES:Sn30-3:00

0.05

ES:Sn28-2:00

ES:Sn6-2:00

ES:Sn1:03

ES:Sn19:03

ES:Sn30-3:00

0.05

TrAP REnTrAP REnTrAP REnTrAP REnTrAP REnTrAP REnTrAP REn

(García-Andrés, et al. 2006. Virology 350:433-442) TYLCAxV-[ES:Alg:00]

TYLCD emergence: use of GENETIC RESISTANCE

TYLCD complexResistance genes can be selective:

ToLCV

TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan1]

TYLCGuV-[CN:G3]

TYLCCNV-[CN:Gua]

TYLCTHV-[TH:1]833

1000

TYLCKaV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNVTYLCTHV

ToLCV

TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan1]

TYLCGuV-[CN:G3]

TYLCCNV-[CN:Gua]

TYLCTHV-[TH:1]833

1000

ToLCV

TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan1]

TYLCGuV-[CN:G3]

TYLCCNV-[CN:Gua]

TYLCTHV-[TH:1]833

1000

TYLCKaV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNV

TYLCGuV

TYLCCNVTYLCTHV

TYLCD complex

Plant number

Ty-1 RESISTANCE: near isogenic lines (UPV, Valencia):

TYLCTHV [TH:1]


TYLCAxV-[ES:Sn8:00]

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]

TYLCSV-[IT]

TYLCSV-Sic[IT]1000

1000

1000

999

TYLCV-Gez[SD]

1000

547

TYLCMalV

TYLCSV

TYLCaXV

TYLCGezV

TYLCTHV [TH:1]


TYLCAxV-[ES:Sn8:00]

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]

TYLCSV-[IT]

TYLCSV-Sic[IT]1000

1000

1000

999

TYLCV-Gez[SD]

1000

547

TYLCTHV [TH:1]


TYLCAxV-[ES:Sn8:00]

TYLCSV-ES[ES:1:92]

TYLCSV-[IT]

TYLCSV-Sic[IT]1000

1000

1000

999

TYLCV-Gez[SD]

1000

547

TYLCMalV

TYLCSV

TYLCaXV

TYLCGezV V

V

VVV

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C

V

V

VVV

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C

TYLCV

TYLCSVR (Ty1ty1)

TYLCV

TYLCSV

TYLCV

TYLCSVR heterozygous(Ty1ty1)

TYLCV

TYLCSVAnastasia (resistant, R)

0.1

TYLCV-Mld[IL]911

TYLCV-[IL]

TYLCV-IR1000

932

TYLCMLV

1000

TYLCV

TYLCMLV0.1

TYLCV-Mld[IL]911

TYLCV-[IL]

TYLCV-IR1000

932

TYLCMLV

1000

0.1

TYLCV-Mld[IL]911

TYLCV-[IL]

TYLCV-IR1000

932

TYLCMLV

1000

TYLCV

TYLCMLV

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

TYLCV

TYLCSVR (Ty1Ty1)

TYLCV

TYLCSVSusceptible (ty1ty1)

TYLCV(Ty1ty1)

TYLCV

TYLCSVR homozygous(Ty1Ty1)

TYLCV

TYLCSVSusceptible (ty1ty1)

TYLCV(Ty1ty1)

V

V

V

V

TYLCV

TYLCSVMoneymakerTYLCV

TYLCSVMoneymaker

squash blot (30 days post inoculation)

García-André et al. . 2009. Virus Res 146: 66-72.

TYLCV vs. TYLCSV in COMMERCIAL HYBRIDS resistant to TYLCD (Ty-1 gene?):

Yamile TYLCVTYLCSV

1 2 3 4 5 9876 10 1 2 3 4 5 9876 10 1 2 3 4 5 9876 10

TYLCSVYanira

Anastasia

Dulcinea

TYLCVTYLCSV

TYLCVTYLCSV

TYLCVTYLCSV

Moneymaker

15 dpi 30 dpi 45 dpi

TYLCV

TYLCVTYLCSV

TYLCV

change in virus population structure

resistance breakdown???

Susceptible Resistant (Ty-1 gene)

EVOLUTION OF POPULATION STRUCTURE: Effect of use of resistance

Susceptible Resistant (Ty 1 gene)

>1998>1998

Year Variety Nº of samples

Nº (%) samples positive for

TYLCSV TYLCV TYLCSV+TYLCV

1996 Susceptible 13 13 (100) 0 0Samplings

1996 Susceptible 13 13 (100) 0 0

1997 Susceptible 25 25 (100) 0 0

1998 Susceptible 80 43 (66,1) 12 (18,5) 10 (15,4)

Resistant 62 4 (6,5) 41 (66,1) 17 (27,4)

1996-2002

2001 Susceptible 63 0 (0) 48 (98) 1 (2)

Resistant 67 0 (0) 55 (100) 0 (0)

2002 Susceptible 125 8 (8,9) 77 (85,6) 5 (5,5)

Resistant 126 0 (0) 43 (100) 0 (0)

(García-Andrés, et al. 2009. Virus Res 146:66-72)

Several factors are driving emergence of virus diseases

Main conclusions

- Several factors are driving emergence of virus diseases (migration, transmission, virus recombination, human manipulation,..)

Emergence can result in great epidemiological alterations- Emergence can result in great epidemiological alterations

- Understanding emergence can help durable virus control

FUTURE WORK

Virus emergence

Understanding virus-hosts interactions associated with of

host range

Understanding mechanisms associated with recombination

Understanding virus-vector interactions and emergenceUnderstanding virus-vector interactions and emergence

who performed the work…..

SPAIN (CSIC, Málaga) pHD students. Sonia Sánchez-Campos (population

studies). Enrique Moriones. Jesús Navas-Castillo

studies). Susana García-Andrés (population

studies, resitance studie). Francisco Monci (recombination

studies). Diego M. Tomás (recombination

)

ITALY (IVV, Torino)

studies, resistance studies)

Gian Paolo Accotto (population studies)(p p )

Plant Virus LaboratoryPlant Virus LaboratoryInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”

Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, SPAIN

new changgp,pes in pests, plants and their interactions as drivers of … · 2015. 8. 4. ·...

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