new 9
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The New Republic
1789-1814
![Page 2: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Directions
• Read through each slide.
• When you come upon slides that say “Assignment” record your responses in your notebook. You will hand those responses in at the end of the PowerPoint.
• There are 15 questions total
![Page 3: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Birth of Baby America
• First US government had a very difficult task
• Operating a new government - that has never been tested
• Faced with crisis immediately and often!
![Page 4: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alexander Hamilton
• First Secretary of the Treasury, which means he is in charge of the USA’s budget.
• His first, and most difficult job, was to come up with a plan to pay off the national debt.
• He doesn’t have a lot of spare change to work with.
• Decides to use tariffs and the National Bank to get the job done.
![Page 5: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How will these things pay off the debt?
• Tariff is a tax on imported goods (so “stuff” that we buy from other countries)
• At this time, Americans bought a lot of “stuff” from Britain, so this will be a good money maker for the USA.
• National Bank is simple. Bank owned by the Federal Government that can give out loans. Money made on the loans can be used by the USA to pay “stuff” off!
![Page 6: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hamilton’s A Big Deal – He’s on the Ten Dollar Bill!
![Page 7: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Problem 2: Hamilton’s Bank
• Starts a giant debate because the Constitution never gave the government the power to create a bank.
• Country isn’t even a year old and already there is the question …
• How do we follow the rules in the Constitution!?
![Page 8: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Strict Interpretation
• One way of reading the Constitution is called “Strictly” which means we should follow the Constitution to the letter
• Only do what it says you can• If it doesn’t say you can do it ….• THEN YOU CAN’T
• It’s like when you play a board or card game and do exactly as the rules say!
![Page 9: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Loose Interpretation
• Another way of reading the Constitution is called “loosely” which means several things: s
• sometimes things need to be done that aren’t listed in the Constitution
• … if the Constitution doesn’t say we can do something, THEN WE CAN DO IT.
• … the Constitution does say the government can do things that are “necessary and proper”
• ... so this means the government can do whatever it has to right?
![Page 10: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Loosely continued ...
• … so if the government needs to do something that is “necessary and proper” it can do anything?!
• This is like playing a board game or a card game and making adjustments to the game to make it more fun, faster, or stop fighting!
![Page 11: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Battle
• Hamilton’s ideas starts a huge debate not on how to balance the budget, but on how to interpret the Constitution.
• In a sense it’s like arguing over how to play a board game or a card game.
![Page 12: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
End Result
• Congress, Supreme Court, and Washington side with Hamilton and he gets his bank.
• This debate plants the seeds of political parties in the USA.
• Political parties are groups of voters/leaders who join together because they have similar opinions and goals.
![Page 13: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Sides
• Strict interpreters: Madison and Jefferson will eventually form the political party called the Democrat-Republicans.
• Loose interpreters: Washington and Hamilton would eventually form the Federalist Party.
![Page 14: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Problem One: The War Debt
• The new USA owes 52 million dollars.
• 1) Go to page 293 in your textbooks. Do history skills #1
• 2) The debates caused by Hamilton’s bank would eventually lead to the creation of what groups in the USA?
![Page 15: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Problem 3: Frontier
• Washington wanted to tame the frontier.
• Problems …
• Americans out there aren’t exactly law abiding.
• Native Americans are putting up quite a fight.
• British interference • Spanish interference
![Page 16: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Whiskey Rebellion
• Problem:• No money on frontier
– so Americans use whiskey as money.
• No money? No Problem? Hamilton taxes Whiskey.
• Frontier rebels against his tax.
![Page 17: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Washington’s Response
• Solution:• Washington uses his
war powers to crush the rebellion with the army and arrests the leaders.
• WHY DOES GW DO THIS?
• We have representation in the government now – rebellions will not be tolerated.
• Washington sets a new precedent … rebellion is not an acceptable form of resistance and they will be put down.
![Page 18: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Assignment
• Read “The Whiskey Rebellion” on pages 284-285.
• 3) Why were farmers angry about the tax?
• 4) Were the farmers wrong to rebel?
• 5) Was Washington wrong to use the army against them?
![Page 19: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Indian Wars
• Problem:• Americans “pouring”
into the frontier.• Indians fight – trying
to defend their lands and their way of life.
![Page 20: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Indian War Solution
• Solution:• Conquer the frontier!?
• USA takes the first step in conquering the frontier by winning the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
• Losing tribes sign over modern day Ohio over to us.
• We stick surviving tribe members onto reservations or push them West.
![Page 21: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What Happened to the Unbeatable Frontier Indians?
• The Native Americans had no problems stomping the British, the worlds strongest military, why do they lose to the Americans?
• Indian population in the frontier is very low – constant warfare and disease.
• Americans fight differently than Europeans.
![Page 22: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Supply Problems for NatAms – Supply and Demand of Furs
• Simply put, no furs – no goods.
• As a tribe, if you run out of trappable fur land – then you run out of ways to pay for European goods and/or weapons.
![Page 23: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
From the Indian Perspective …
• This is our land not yours – our people have been living here for thousands of years.
• We hunt and gather – how will we survive without our land?
• We will fight to keep Americans off of it!
![Page 24: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
From the US Perspective …
• Native Americans were not seen as Americans. Infact, they were seen as an enemy that had to be conquered.
• US policy was this:
• You NatAms are on our land. Hand it over or we will take it over.
• Once you NatAms do this we may let you stay on a tiny chunk of land OR we will send you further West.
![Page 25: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What this means for history …
• The USA will claim large tracks of land, but it won’t be theirs until the Native Americans are forced to recognize this.
• Usually NatAms are forced to recognize this through warfare.
• From 1800 – 1885 the USA and Native Americans will fight each other.
• Ultimately, the USA will win and all NatAm tribes will be placed on reservations.
![Page 26: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Assignment
• 6) What are the USA and Native Americans fighting over?
• 7) Why is it getting harder and harder for Native Americans to successfully resist American expansion?
![Page 27: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Britain
• Problem:• They’re stinkers!• Dragging their feet on
leaving frontier territory.
• Still trying to get a few more pelts from the NatAms before we kick them out.
• Solution:• We meet with the
British and come up with Jay’s Treaty
• Treaty means the British finally agree to leave US territory.
![Page 28: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Spanish• Problem:• They are “flexing their
muscle” and letting us know that they can make things difficult for us.
• Trading weapons to NatAms for furs.
• Solution:• We meet with the
Spanish and come up with Pickney’s Treaty
• Agree on borders• Free travel of the
Mississippi River.• Opened the port of
New Orleans to the USA
![Page 29: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Assignment
• 8) How were our problems with Britain and Spain solved?
![Page 30: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Problems in Europe …
• Long story short -• Majority of France is poor - because they
pay all the taxes. The wealthy don’t have to pay a dime in taxes.
• After a couple hundred years - the people of France get sick of it and successfully rebel.
• Create a constitutional monarchy, but it’s not good enough.
• Things go sour …
![Page 31: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
French Revolution?
• In France, revolutionaries start killing all the rich people and the nobility.
• Then the revolutionaries start killing each other.
• This makes the rest of Europe very nervous!
• What if our poor people want to kill us!?
![Page 32: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Assignment
• Read “The French Revolution” on pages 285-6
• 9) Why would the French Revolution make leaders in England or Austria nervous?
![Page 33: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Napoleonic WarsFrance vs. Everybody
• France is incredibly unstable. • European countries invade France - hoping to
restore order (and stop the revolution from spreading to their country)
• In response to the invasion, French Revolutionaries kill the King and Queen of France.
• Then “The people” in France form an army and drive the invaders out!
• The leader of the “peoples” army - was Napoleon.
![Page 34: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Napoleonic Wars cont …France vs. Everybody
• Napoleon and his People’s Army turn out to be very capable and drive out the invaders.
• Then Napoleon returns the favor and invades present day Austria and Germany.
• This ignited a war that would drag in all of Europe!
![Page 37: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
What does this mean for the USA?
• France is still our ally and a “republic”…
• So technically we are obligated to join the war on their side.
• Britain is our biggest trading partner. If we go to war against them, then it could cost us a lot of money. We really need money right now, so warfare would hurt the pocket book!!!
![Page 38: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Plus …
• France is at war with everyone!!!
• We have a very small army and it’s tied up on the frontier.
• We have a very small navy and they are tied up chasing pirates.
![Page 39: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Decision
• George Washington decides to declare neutrality.
• The stance is simple – the USA is staying out of other people’s problems.
![Page 40: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Assignment
• Read page 286 “Remaining Neutral”
• 10) Is being a neutral a good policy or should we be backing our ally France? Explain your answer.
![Page 41: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Washington - FYI
• Washington was the USA’s first president and when he left office, he left with two pieces of advice:
![Page 42: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Piece of Advice One
• Avoid foreign entanglements.
• In short:• No alliances• Stay out of world
drama• Stay on a friendly
basis with everyone.
![Page 43: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Piece of Advice Two:
• Avoid party politics.• What are party
politics?• Simple: the actions
taken by the party benefit the party first common good second.
![Page 44: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Assignment
• 11) What do you think of Washington’s advice of being neutral and avoiding party politics?
![Page 45: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Did they Listen?
• Yes• Neutrality would be
US foreign policy up to 1941.
• No• Washington was firm
believer in being neutral but others were not!
• Parties began forming in his second term – his warning was too late.
![Page 46: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Federalists
• The Federalist Party• Strong national
government• Fear of mob rule (didn’t
trust voters/common people)
• Loose interpretation of the Constitution
• Favored the National Bank
• Economy based on shipping and industry
• Supported by wealthy and educated
• Favored Britain
![Page 47: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Democrat-Republicans
• The Democrat-Republicans
• Limited national government
• Fear of rule by one person or powerful few
• Strict interpretation• Opposed National Bank• Favored farming• Supported by farmers and
trades people. • No national debt• Favored France
![Page 48: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The First Election with Political Parties
John Adams (F) VS. Thomas Jefferson (DR)
![Page 49: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Winners? - FYI
• President: John Adams • VP: Thomas Jefferson
• In this time period the top vote getter would become President and the next highest vote getter would be Vice President.
• We don’t do it that way anymore.
![Page 50: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Assignment
• 12) Why do you think we don’t have the top two vote getters be President and Vice-President together anymore?
![Page 51: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Fortress Britain - FYI
• A term given to the island of Britain.• No invading army has successfully invaded
Britain since 1033 AD – and three world powers have tried.
• However, Fortress Britain has one weakness and that is it is very dependent on shipping …
![Page 52: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Problems in France
• To break Fortress Britain, France begins attacking US ships bound for Britain.
• They hit about 300 ships.
• USA sends a delegation (group of officials) to talk to France about this problem.
![Page 53: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
XYZ Affair
• Three unidentified ministers (who were later code named minister X, Y, and Z) approached our delegation.
• Essentially demanded a 10 million dollar loan and a 250,000 bribe before they’d allow the delegation to meet with French officials to discuss the shipping problem.
![Page 54: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The results
• The USA is mad!
• No money for you France!
• No more treaties with you France!
• After the XYZ Affair we are no longer official allies with France!
![Page 55: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Assignment
• Read problems with France pages 289-290
• 13) What political party is going to look good after the XYZ affair and what party is going to look bad? WHY?
• 14) As a result, who will probably have more power in Washington DC?
![Page 56: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Alien Sedition Acts - FYI
• A lovely example of party politics.
• DR’s are really peppering the Federalists in newspapers.
• Federalists see the early 1800’s as a time of crisis – and don’t appreciate DR’s attempts to smear them.
• SO Federalists pass the Alien Sedition Acts.
![Page 57: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Specifics - FYI
• Targeted immigrants• Increased waiting time to
become a US citizen.• Can arrest or deport
disloyal aliens (so any alien who is DR)
• Why’d they do this?• Aliens and immigrants
typically supported the DR party and this would weaken DR support.
• Sedition is a fancy word for treason.
• Law said it was treasonous and illegal to speak or write badly of the government during a war.
• Why’d they do this?
• Federalists could legally go after Democratic-Republicans now.
![Page 58: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
WHY Don’t DR’s Stop the Alien and Sedition Acts?
• Democratic-Republics don’t have the numbers to overturn the Alien and Sedition Acts.
• Federalists control all three branches of government.
• However, the DR’s control the states so they fight back with something called States’ Rights
![Page 59: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
States’ Rights
• Basically says a state can nullify, or get rid of, a federal law if the state views the law as unconstitutional.
• The state is protecting the people by putting itself in-between them and the federal government.
• Doesn’t really catch on – BUT it will have huge implications in the future!
![Page 60: New 9](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052912/55a0b34d1a28ab816b8b4638/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Assignment
• Read “The Alien and Sedition Acts” pages 290-291.
• 15) Are the Alien and Sedition Acts Constitutional? Explain your answer?