Network Trends In Telecommunications Industry

By Virgilio GonzalezFor UTEP networking courses

Telecommunication ServicesThe “Service” is what the user perceives. The Service has three major components

The Connectivity functions are the telecommunication applications like LD, 800, Internet, PL, etc.

The Billing involves all the elements needed to charge the customer and get the payment

The Customer Care elements are all the processes needed to activate and maintain the previous two components

The “Network” provides the technological infrastructure to support the servicesThe network simply moves user information form one point to another.The network functions are

Network capabilities to support the different service types Network capacity to handle all the customers Systems to control everything and interact with billing and

Customer Care Service Functions

Service vs. Technology

CONNECTIVITYFUNCTIONS

NETWORKCAPACITY

NETWORKCAPABILITY

CUSTOMER CARE

BILLING

SYSTEMS

SERVICE PLANE

TECHNOLOGY PLANE

The network technologies provide capabilities and capacity to the services. The systems support the billing and customer care functions

The services have evolved with a high dependency on the underlying technology

However, there is a trend to make them independent of the networks

Classic Model

LD

A8

00

VN

S

Fra

me

Re

lay

Inte

rne

t

Pri

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te L

ine

s

TRANSPORT

Transmission Network

Switched Network

Packet Network

Vid

eo

C

on

fere

nc

e

Voice Data

Connectivity, Billing & Customer Care

MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

SERVICE PLANE

TECHNOLOGY PLANE

Telecommunication Services EvolutionClassic Model

In the classic model, the user applications are tied to a class of service (voice, data, transport)

Each class of service is supported by a specific network technology.

The network technology is also tied to the customer access medium

Future Model In the future the services will have an universal user interface

supported by an universal class of network The user applications will be constructed through

standardized interfaces to the universal user interface allowing flexible service construction and user customization

The network access connectivity will have two major types, Wireless and Cabling

Wireless access offers fast deployment but has restricted capacity

Cabling through copper may reach small concentrated end users and fiber optics will offer the highest bandwidths to the larger ones.

Future Model

US

ER

S

ER

VIC

E

LD

A8

00

VN

S

Fra

me

Re

lay

Inte

rne

t

Pri

va

te L

ine

s

US

ER

S

ER

VIC

E

API

Vid

eo

C

on

fere

nc

e

API API APIUNIVERSAL USER INTERFACE

UNIVERSAL NETWORKFIBER OPTIC OR

COPPER CABLINGWIRELESS

Connectivity, Billing & Customer Care

MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

SERVICE PLANE

TECHNOLOGY PLANE

Categories Services Attributes

Entertainment

Informationtransaction

Communication

LEC

CATV

• Broadcast CATV• Enhanced pay per view• Video on demand• Interactive TV• Electronic content distribution• Interactive games• Video catalog• Distance learning• Desktop multimedia• Image networking• Work at home• Telecommuting• Video conferencing• Video telephony• ISDN• POTS

• Two-way• Asymmetric• Narrowband, wideband, and broadband• Switched

• One- way• Broadcast

• Broadband• Nonswitched

• Two-way• Symmetric• Narrowband andwideband

• Switched

Convergence

“Every morning in Africa, a zebra wakes up. It knows that it must run faster than the fastest lionor it will be killed. Every morning a lion wakes up.It knows it must outrun the slowest zebra or it willstarve to death. It doesn't matter whether you're a lion or a zebra. When the sun comes up, youbetter be running.”

Competition

Market ChallengesChanges in Legislation

Market de-regulation Settlements Correspondent Relationship Globalization

Industry re-alignment PTT, ISP, Cable, Data Warehousing, etc. New Market Segments New Entrants Global Economy woes

Evolution from country specific bi-lateral agreements to Industry Multi-to Multilateral agreements.New revenue Generating Services

NetworksDifferent technologies are involved in the communication systemsA Model is required to provide a functional structure to the system

Public vs. Private Networks

Pr iv a te A TM S w itc h

W or ks tat ion

Te le ph on e

Fa x

Min ic omp ute r

Pr iv a te A TM S w itc h

W or ks tat ion

Te le ph on e

Fa x

Min ic omp ute r

Main f ra mePu blic s w itc h

Pu blic s w itc h

Pu blic s w itc h

NNI - Network to Network Interface

Pub UNI - Public User-to-Network Interface

Priv UNI - P rivate User-to-Network Interface

NNI

NNI

NNI

Pub UNIPub UNI

Pub UNI

Priv UNI

Priv UNI

Priv UNI

Priv UNI

PUBLICNETWORK

PRIVATENETWORK

PRIVATENETWORK

Local Area NetworksCreated to share resources in computer environmentsGrown in capacity from 100’s of kbps to 10 GbpsUsually are managed by a single entity and has a small geographic reach

Network Technology Conceptual View Network philosophy structured in 4 levelsCore network is common for all services and mediation devices, its function is to provide:

Capacity Restoration Flexibility

Services are provided mostly by mediation devices such as:

5ESS for voice services Routers for Internet Switches for Frame Relay

Metro - Access should provide integrated access to various mediation devices (services).CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) belongs to the user but could be managed by the Telco adding value to the service already provided. Services provided by one integrated network management

Core NetworkCore Network

Mediation Service

Metro - Access

CPE

Network Structure Model

VoiceGateway

Router

VideoServer

PacketSwitch

PDH/SDH

ATMBackbone

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW

RadioPMP

DSLAM

CMTS(HFC)

OpticalMUX

RadioP2P

RadioP2P

OLT

ATM Link

ATM L

ink

ATMLink

ATM link

PDH link

ATM Link

ATM Link

AT

M Link

ATM Link

ATM Link

Fiber

SDS

PSTN

IP

Video

FR

ATM

LP

FRIPPLATM

VoiceATMISDNFRIPPL

CATVIPVoicePL & FRwith TDM(CBR)

FRVoiceIP

PLVoiceISDN IPCATVFRATM

PLFRATM

VoiceATMIPISDNPLFR

Without IAD With IAD

Services

PLFRATM

VoiceATMIPISDNPLFR

DWDM /SDH / ATM

CORE

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW

CORE LAST MILEMETRO ACCESS

SERVICE MEDIATION

CPE

Core Network EvolutionCore Network Features

Completely optical core network (DWDM and Optical Cross-Connects)

Capable of delivering up to a wave-length per service Intelligence and restoration capabilities included in DWDM Capable of supporting SDH/ATM/IP protocols

DWDMRing

Up to 200Wave Lengths

OpticalADM

OpticalCross

Connect

Speeds from 155 Mbits/s up

to 10 Gbits/s

WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING

Type of FDM but at optical frequenciesOperates in ~200nm bands at the 1300nm and 1550nm regionsBands are typically restricted by amplifiers devices to ~25nm (1540-1565nm for EDFA)Dense WDM currently allows spacing of 1nm between channels

ATM & SONET

Telephone Switched Services Newer access will be provided through data networks such as

IP or ATM. Interconnection to other networks and support of classic

services could be provided through dedicated access and transport

A convergence of services will be provided with IP and other data services. The intelligence will exploit the advantages of both networks

IP/ATM

SCPIntelligent Peripheral

Service Node

Service Node

INTERNET

SCP

Classic TransportDedicated facilities

ACCESS

Other Networks

STP STP

Intelligent Service Control Logic

Data Services Network EvolutionIncorporate Internet and Frame Relay into one ATM core network providing integrated management/operation Incorporate MPLS technology to the network providing the ability to better manage and operate IP services (dial-up, VPN’s, Internet)Customer’s would dial to one integrated network for Frame Relay, VPN, Internet

FR/ATM/CLOUD

Dial-up

Dial-up

WEB / Mail Servers

Services Control Logic

INTERNET

Metro Ring Network EvolutionMetro Ring Network Features

Wavelength Division Multiplexing as core layer Network elements capable of communicating at SDH and ATM

level ATM will be responsible for delivering different services with

QoS Intelligence and restoration capabilities will be provided by

SDH ATM will include SDH functionality

WDMRing

Up to 8Wave Lengths

OpticalADM

ATMSwitch

Speeds from 2 Mbits/s up

to 155 Mbits/s

Capable of deliveringservices such as PrivateLine, IP based services,Frame Relay, Digital TV,etc.

Fiber / WDM

SDH

ATM

IP

Constant BitRate

Services

DataServices

N e

t w

o r

k

L a

y e

r s

Wireline Access

xDSL xDSL

OLTxDSL

ACCESS METRO RINGATM/SDH

ACCESS POP

ACCESS POP

ACCESS POP

ACCESS POP

OLT

OLT

OLT

OLT

ATM SWITCHATM SW

ATM SWATM SW

ATM SW

ACCESSCOLLECT RING

xDSL

xDSL

xDSL

xDSL

Fiber Optic

Wire Pair

OLT

OLT

Wireless Access, Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint

Fiber Optic

OLT

RF

BASESTATION

RF

RF

OLT

ACCESS METRO RINGATM/SDH

ACCESS POP

ACCESS POP

ACCESS POP

ACCESS POP

BASESTATION

RF

RF

RF

10.5 GHz Point To Multipoint Bandnx64 to 2E1's Bandwidth / Link6-10 Km Radius

RF

RF

BASESTATION

RF

RF

Point to Point Radio

Point to Point Radio

Point to Point Radio

7, 15 and 23 GHz Point To Point Bands1xE1 to 63 xE1’s (E3, T3, & STM1) Bandwidth / Link

0.5 to 15 Km and 50 Km / Link

Management Layered Approach (TNM)Business Management

Manage overall business, e.g., achieving ROI, market share, employee satisfaction

Service Management Manage services offered to

customers, e.g., meeting SLA’s, quality, costs.

Network and Systems Management

Manage the networks and systems that deliver services, e.g., capacity, diversity, congestion.

Element Management Manage elements comprising the

networks and systems e.g., switches, routers

Network Element Switches, transmission elements,

routers, etc.

Network Element

Element Mgmt

Network Mgmt

Service Mgmt

Management Systems

NetworkElements

NetworkManagement

Service Management

BusinessManagement

Customer Care Systems

ElementManagement

CAPACITY PLANNING

DELIVERY

NETWORK MANAGEMENT

NETWORKMONITORING.

DCN

Switch, Transport, Data

Mktg./Sales Supt.

TMN Layers

CustomerService Maint.

BILLING

Technology Challenges

Service Intelligence for integrated voice and data networks.RAPID deploymentAdaptive Development to Region/country specific/ Market Segments needsCustomer Care, Network Care, and Billing integration.Multi-lateral Network and Service ArchitectureInteroperability, scalability, reliability & securityHigh cost of integrationCarrier Grade VoIP for voice, fax, conferencing, etc.