n250 week 9 culture and ethnicity

8/2/2019 N250 Week 9 Culture and Ethnicity

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Chapter 9

Cheryl Smythe-Padgham MSN,WHNP-BC,RN


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According to the US Census Bureau(2007), approximately 33% of thepopulation currently belongs to a racial orethnic minority group

Projections state that this percentage willincrease to 50% by the year 2050

Health disparities among ethnic and racialminorities continue to increase


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Racial and ethnic minorities oftenexperience poor access to care

Lower quality of preventive, primary, andspecialty care


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Culture The thoughts, communications, actions,

customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of

racial, ethnic, religious or social groups (Officeof Minority Health)

Consists of socially transmitted knowledge,

behavioral patterns, values, beliefs, norms,and lifestyles of a particular group that guidestheir worldview (Purnell and Paulanka,2003)


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Subcultures Have similarities with the dominant culture, but

they maintain their unique life patterns, values,

and normsEthnicity

Refers to a shared identity related to social

and cultural heritage such as values,language, geographical space, and racialcharacteristics

Race-refers to biological attributes


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Emic worldview Insider or natives perspective

Etic worldview

Outsiders perspectiveEnculturation

Socialization into ones primary culture as achild

Acculturation The process of adapting to and adopting a

new culture


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Assimilation

When an individual gradually adopts andincorporates the characteristics of thedominant culture

Biculturalism

When an individual identifies equally with

two or more cultures


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Culturally congruent care Fits the persons valued life patterns and set of

meanings

Requires specific knowledge, skills, andattitudes in the delivery of culturally congruentcare

The nurse is able to bridge cultural gaps in

caring, work with cultural differences, andenable clients and families to achievemeaningful and supportive caring


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Cultural conflicts

Ethnocentrism- a tendency to hold onesown way of life as superior to others

Cultural imposition- the use of their ownvalues and lifestyles as the absoluteguide in dealing with clients and

interpreting their behaviors


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Health, illness and caring have meaningsthat are unique to each culture

Every culture provides a context accordingto which groups interpret and defineexperiences relevant to birth, illness, anddeath


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Chinese and South East Asians Herbalist, acupuncturist, fortune teller, shaman

Asian Indians

Ayurvedic practitionerNative Americans

Shaman

African American

Spiritualist, voodoo practitioners-hougan, mamboHispanic

Curandero, parteras (lay midwives), yerbero(herbalist)


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Rights of passage- cultures deal with lifetransitions or significant life events inmany different ways

Pregnancy

Childbirth

Newborn

Postpartum period

Grief and loss


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A systematic and comprehensiveexamination of the cultural care values,beliefs, and practices of individuals,

families, and communitiesGathers information that will enable the

nurse to provide culturally competent careThree points to use when making a cultural

assessment- census data, askingquestions, and establishing relationships


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Ethnic heritage and ethnohistory-knowledge of clients country of origin, are

they refugees or immigrants, age ofimmigration

Biocultural history- health risks related tosociocultural and biological history (are

they at risk for certain diseases, parasites,infections)


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Social organization- kinship, status andappropriate roles for their members( American society has nuclear family)

Religious and spiritual beliefs- majorinfluences in the clients worldview about

health and illness, pain and suffering and

life and death (diet, prayer, holy days)


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Communication Patterns- distinct linguisticand communication patterns

Time orientation- differences exist in thedimensions of time that culturesemphasize and the manner of expressingtime


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Nurses need to adopt caring practices,work with clients families as a group;

understanding their social hierarchy; andassume a collaborative role with clientsand their families

Previous encounters with professional

caregivers have implications for adherenceto therapies and continued access ofservices by the client


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Action modes of professionaldecisions or actions:

Cultural care preservationor maintenance

Cultural careaccommodation ornegotiation

Cultural care repatterning

or restructuring

n250 week 9 culture and ethnicity

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