myanmar grammar: mlc in three volumes · update: 2012-12-12 04:23 am +0630 til myanmar grammar: mlc...

75
Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1, Module 2, by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC), Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) . Date of publication: around 1986 • Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July. index.htm | |Top BG-MLC-indx.htm Contents of this page UKT note to HTML editor: 121209 #1. In the "Code" after this line set the font to <font face="WinInnwa" size="5" TIL> only once. Do not let the program to insert <font face="WinInnwa" size="5"> tag. Then you'll be able to set the headings in H1, H2, H3, H4 as in other TIL files. I am finding that this method will work only outside the tables. #2. Remember, the program will not recognized non-DOS characters. Your bookmarks must be in DOS characters. Only then the hyperlink will work. #3. Inserting white-spaces in the Bur-Myan text will make editing in code easier. However, remember, unless you consider yourself to know enough of the intricacies of the language don't do it. Leave it to MLC. jrefrmo'´g twGJ (1)? tcef; (2) trSmpm jrefrmqdk½S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD OuúXMuD;u jrefrmpm t"GefU&SnfpGm wnfwhHcdkifjrJa&;udk &nfoefí jrefrmo'´gusrf;rsm; jyKpk&ef vrf;nTef rdefYMum;cJhonf ESifhtnD jrefrmpmtzGJUonf jrefrmpmtajcjyKusrf;udk a&S;OD;pGm jyKpkcJhygonf/

Upload: others

Post on 10-Feb-2020

22 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630

TIL

Myanmar Grammar: MLCin three volumes BGo1-2.htm

• Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1, Module 2, by

Myanmar Language Commission (MLC), Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) . Date of publication: around 1986 • Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.

index.htm | |TopBG-MLC-indx.htm

Contents of this page

UKT note to HTML editor: 121209 #1. In the "Code" after this line set the font to <font face="WinInnwa" size="5" TIL>only once. Do not let the program to insert <font face="WinInnwa" size="5"> tag.

Then you'll be able to set the headings in H1, H2, H3, H4 as in other TIL files. I am finding that this method will work only outside the tables. #2. Remember, the program will not recognized non-DOS characters. Your bookmarks must be in DOS characters. Only then the hyperlink will work. #3. Inserting white-spaces in the Bur-Myan text will make editing in code easier. However, remember, unless you consider yourself to know enough of the intricacies of the language don't do it. Leave it to MLC.

jrefrmo'´g

twGJ (1)? tcef; (2)

trSmpm

jrefrmqdk½S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD OuúXMuD;u jrefrmpm t"GefU&SnfpGm wnfwhHcdkifjrJa&;udk &nfoefí jrefrmo'´gusrf;rsm; jyKpk&ef vrf;nTef rdefYMum;cJhonf ESifhtnD jrefrmpmtzGJUonf jrefrmpmtajcjyKusrf;udk a&S;OD;pGm jyKpkcJhygonf/

Page 2: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

xdkjrefrmo'´gtajcjyKusrf;udk tajccHvsuf ausmif;rsm;wGif jrefrmo'´gudk vG,fulpGm avhvmoif,lEdkif &eftwGuf ausmif;olausmif;om;wdkU\ touf? OmPf&nfESifh qDavsmfrnfh o'´gusrf;rsm;udk qufvufjyKpk&ef jrefrmhqdk½S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwD OuúXMuD;onf jrefrmpmtzJGUtm; vrf;nTefcJhygonf/

xdkvrf;nTefcsufudk tav;teuf cH,lvsuf ausmif;rsm;wGif jrefrmo'´gudk twGJ (3) wGJcGJum jyKpkygonf/ jrefrmo'´gtwGJ (1)udk tajccHynm tv,fwef;twGuf? jrefrmo'´g twGJ(2)udk tajccHynm txufwef;twGuf? jrefrmo'´g twGJ(3)udk wuúodkvftwGuf &nf&G,fygonf/

jrefrm'´g(3) twGJudk jyKpk&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jrefrmpmavhvmolrsm; jrefrmo'´g\ tajccHobm0udk em;vnfí jrefrmpma&;om;&mü fjrefrmo'´genf;ESifhtnD pnfurf;wus a&;om;wwfap&efyifjzpfygonf/

xdk&nf&G,fcsufudk tajccHvsuf ausmif;olausmif;om;wdkU Asnf;taMumif; ydkrdkem;vnfap&efvnf; aumif;? 0gp*F(9)yg;wdkU\ rsdK;uGJrsm;ESifh 0gus½dk;taMumif; tusOf;odap&efvnf;aumif;? yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFwrsm;udk pepfwus oHk;wwfap&ef vnf;aumif; þjrefrmo'´g twGJ(1)? tcef;(2)udk jyKpkygonf/

jrefrmo'´gusrf;rsm;udk jyKpk&mwGif ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;\ toufESifh twef;udk csifhí ÓPf &nfESifhvdkufatmif tqifhqifh ydkif;jcm;jyKpkygonf/ tcef;vdkuf tcef;vdkuf ausnufatmif avhvm Mujcif;jzifh jrefrmo'´gudk tajccH cdkifckdif wwfajrmufMurnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/

jrefrmpmtzGJU

rmwdumtrSwfpOf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

1/ 0*f 12/ emrf 33/ emrfpm; 104/ vdif 165/ udef; 196/ Mud,m 227/ emr0daooe 268/ emr0daooe 32

Page 3: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

tqifhcGJjcm;jcif;9/ Mud,m0daooe 3710/ 0dbwf 4111/ orÁE¨ 5012/ emrfypönf; 5613/ tmar!dwf 6514/ pum;vHk;? yk'f? yk'fpk 6815/ 0gus 7116/ yk'fjzwfyk'f&yfoauFwrsm; 8517/ pum;vHk;tnTef; 92

0*f

1/ ]0*f} [laom pum;rSm ]0*¾} [laom ygVdpum;rS vmonf/ tpk[k t"dyÜm,f &onf/ Asnf; rsm;udk toHjzpf&m ae&m Xmefwl&mwl&m pkzGJUxm;onf/ xdkAsnf;tpkwdkUudk 0*fAsnf;[kac:onf/om"u/ /u? c? *? C? i(u0*f)

2/ ]u? c? *? C? i} [laom Asnf;(5)vHk;onf jzpf&mXmefwlMuonf/ tpkvdkuf tvG,fwul &Gwfqdkí &onf/ xdkaMumifh ,if;Asnf;(5)vHk;tpkudk 0*f[kac:onf/ ]u} Asnf;jzifh ponfh0*f jzpfjcif;aMumifh ]u0*f} [ktrnfwGifonf/

3/ xdkUaMumifh-u? c? *? C? ip? q? Z? ps? n#? X? !? ¡? Pw? x? '? "? ey? z? A? b? r wdkUonf u0*f? p0*f? #0*f? w0*f? y0*f[k toD;oD; trnfwGifMuonf/

4/ 0*fAsnf;/ / 0*füyg0ifaom Asnf;rsm;udk 0*fAsnf;[kac:onf/ ]u? p? #? w? y} 0*f(5)ck&Sdí 0*fwpfckü Asnf;(5)vHk;pD yg0ifjcif;aMumifh 0*fAsnf;aygif; (25)vHk; &Sdonf/

Page 4: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

t0*f5/ ]t0*f} [laom pum;rSm }t0*¾} [laom ygVdpum;rS vmonf/ tpkr[kwf[k t"dyÜm,f& onf/ Asnf;tcsdKUonf jzpf&mXmefwlnDrI r&SdaomaMumifh tpkzGJUr&acs/ xdkodkU tpkr[kwfonf udk t0*f[kac:onf/

6/ t0*fAsnf;/ /0*fAsnf;(25)vHk;ü ryg0ifaom Asnf;rsm;onf t0*fAsnf;rsm;jzpfMu onf/ t0*fAsnf;(8)vHk;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-],? &? v? 0? o? [? V? t} wdkUjzpfMuonf/

0* ¾EÅ

7/ ]0*¾EÅ} [laom pum;rSm ygVdpum;jzpfonf/ tpk\tqHk;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/

8/ 0*¾EÅSAsnf;/ / 0*fAsnf; (5)vHk;tpk wpfpkpD\ tqHk;ü&SdaomaMumifh 0*¾EÅAsnf;[kac:onf/]i} Asnf;onf u0*f\ tqHk;Asnf; jzpfonf/]n} Asnf;onf p0*f\ tqHk;Asnf; jzpfonf/]P} Asnf;onf #0*f\ tqHk;Asnf; jzpfonf/]e} Asnf;onf w0*f\ tqHk;Asnf; jzpfonf/]r} Asnf;onf y0*f\ tqHk;Asnf; jzpfonf/xdk ]i? n? P? e? r} Asnf;(5)vHk;wdkUonf 0*¾EÅAsnf;rsm; jzpfMuonf/

0*fAsnf;ESifh t0*fAsnf;jyZ,m;

0*f trnf Asnf;u0*f u c * C ip0* p q Z ps n#0*f # X ! ¡ Pw0*f w x ' " ey0*f y z A b r

t0*f ,o

&[

vV

0t

emrf

Page 5: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

emrf9/ ouf&SdoufrJh? j'yf&Sdj'yfrJhwdkU\ trnf[lorQudk emrf [kac:onf/

om"u/ /armifvS? ausmif;om;? vl? wd&pmäef? pmtkyf? ausmif;? um;? arwÅm? owÅd? tcspf?trkef;? cGeftm;/

10/ emrfonf teuft"dyÜm,ft& (4)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wkdUrSm -(u) wpfOD;qdkifemrf(c) trsm;qdkifemrf(*) pdwÅemrf(C) tpkjyemrf wdkUjzpfMuonf/

11/ (u) wpfOD;qd kifemrf / /wpfOD;? wpfa,muf? wpfcktwGuf oD;jcm;rSnhfac:xm;aom trnfudk wpfOD;qdkifemrf[kac:onf/

om"u/ /a&Twd*Hk? a&Tpnf;cHk? &efukef? rEÅav;? {&m0wD? csif;wGif;? iyvD? a&T0gcsdKif? armif;ruef? r[mAE¨Kv? armifrsdK;wifh? rat;jrifh/(1) a&Twd*H k onf apwDwpfqludk oD;jcm;rSnfhac:xm;aom trnf jzpfonf/(2) &efukef onf jrdKUwpfjrdKUudk oD;jcm;rSnfhac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/(3) {&m0wD onf jrpfwpfpif;udk oD;jcm;rSnfhac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/(4) iyvD onf yifv,furf;ajcpcef;wpfckudk oD;jcm;rSnhfac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/

(5) r[mAE¨Kv onf ppfolBuD;wpfOD;udk oD;jcm;rSnhfac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/(xdkenf;twl a&Tpnf;cHk? rEÅav;? csif;wGif;? a&T0gcskdKif? armif;ruef? armifrsdK;wifh? rat;jrifh [laom emrfwdkUonf wpfOD;? wpfa,muf? wpfcktwGuf oD;jcm;rSnhfac:xm;aom trnf;rsm; jzpfMuonf/)

(c) trsm;qdkifemrf / /trsm;ESifhqdkifaom yk*¾dKvf? owÅ0g? t&m0w¬K wdkU\ trnfudk trsm;qdkifemrf[kac:onf/ om"u/ / jrdKU? tdrf? ausmif;? jrpf? acsmif;? tif;? tdkif? vl? aMumif? acG;/

Page 6: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(1) jrd KU [laom emrfonf &efukef? rEÅav;? ppfudkif;? arjrdKU? awmifBuD;? ppfawG? oHwGJ? armfvjrdKif? xm;0,ftp&Sdaom jrdKUtm;vHk;ESifhqdkifonf/(2) tdrf [laom emrfonf ysOfaxmiftdrf? wdkufcHtdrf? tdrftdk? tdrfa[mif;? tdrfopf tp&Sdaom tdrftm;vHk;ESifhqdkifonf/ (3) ausmif; [laom emrfonf tajccHrlvwef;ausmif;? tajccHynmtv,fwef;ausmif;? tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;? bkef;BuD;ausmif;? r,foDv&ifausmif; tp&Sdaom ausmif;tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifonf/(4) jrpf [laom emrfonf {&m0wD? csif;wGif;? oHvGif? ppfawmif;? tp&Sdaom jrpfBuD;jrpfi,ftm;vHk;ESihfqdkifonf/(xdkenf;twl acsmif;? tif;? tdkif? vl? aMumif [laom emrfwdkUonf wpfOD;? wpfa,muf? wpfcktwGuf oD;jcm;rSnfhac: xm;aom trnfrsm; r[kwfMuay/ trsm;ESifhqdkifaom trnfrsm;jzpfMuonf/)

(*) pdwåZemrf / / j'yfr&Sd? udkifwG,fprf;oyfír&? jrifvnf;rjrif Edkif? pdwfjzifhom awG;awmodEdkifaom emrfudk pdwåZemrf[kac:onf/om"u/ / arwåm? apwem? ZGJ? owåd? atmifjrifjcif;? tcspf? trkef;? 0rf;omjcif;? 0rf;enf;jcif;/

(1) arwåm [laomemrfonf taumiftxnfj'yfr&Sdacs/ udk,fEIwftrl t&mudk Munfh½Iaxmifcsifhípdwfjzifhom awG;awmod&Sd &aom oabmrQom jzpfonf/(2) apwem [laomemrfrSm taumiftxnfj'yfr&Sdacs/ udk,fEIwftrlt&mudk Munfh½Iaxmufcsifhí pdwfjzifhom awG;awmod&Sd &aom oabmrQom jzpfonf/(3) ZG Jowåd [laom emrfwdkUrSm taumiftxnfj'yf r&Sdacs/ udk,fEIwftrlt&mudk Munfh½Iaxmufcsifhí pdwfjzifhom awG;awm od&Sd &aom oabmrQom jzpfonf/(xdkUtwl tcspf? trkef;? atmifjrifjcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? 0rf;enf;jcif; [laom emrfwdkUrSmvnf; pdwfjzifhom awG;awmod&Sd&aom oabmrsm;om jzpfMuonf/)

(C) tpkjyemrf / / tpktaygif;? toif;tzGJU\ trnfudk tpkjyemrf[kac:onf/

om"u/ / wyfrawmf? vlxk? y&dabm*? aumifpD? toif;? tzGJU? aumfrwD/(1) wyfrawmf [laom emrfonf ppfom;wpfOD;wpfa,muf\ trnf r[kwfacs/ ppfom;trsm;tjym; yg0ifaom tzGJUtpnf;\ trnfjzpfonf/

Page 7: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(2) vlxk [laom emrfonf vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ trnfr[kwfacs/ vltrsm;tjym; yg0ifaom vlpkvla0;\trnfjzpfonf/

(3) y&dabm* [laom emrfonf pm;yGJ? ukvm;xdkif ponfh wpfckpD\ trnfr[kwfacs/ pm;yGJ? ukvm;xdkif? ckwif? AD½dktp&Sdaom toHk;taqmifypönf; tpktaygif;\trnfjzpfonf/(xdkUtwl toif;? tzG JU? aumifpD? aumfrwD [laom emrfwdkUonfvnf; vlwpfOD;wnf;udk oD;jcm;rSnfhac:xm;aom trnfrsm;r[kwfMuacs/ vlwpfOD;ru yg0ifonfh tpktzGJUudk oD;jcm;rSnfhac:xm;trnfrsm; jzpfMuonf/)

emrf(4)rs d K;jyZ,m;(teuft"dyÜm,ft&)

wpfOD;qkdifemrf trsm;qdkifemrf pdwåZemrf tpkjyemrfa&Twd*Hk a&Tpnf;cHk

apwD arwåm apwemZGJowådatmifjrifjcif;tcspftrkef;0rf;omjcif;0rf;enf;jcif;

wyfrawmf vlxky&dabm*aumifpDtoif;tzGJUaumfrwD

&efukefrEÅav; jrdKU

{&m0wDcsif;wGif;

jrpf

iyvDa&T0gcsdKifarmif;ruef

yifv,furf;

vl

armifrsdK;wifhrat;jrifh

ausmif;acsmif;tif;tdkifaMumifacG;

Page 8: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

avhusifhcef;

1/ emrfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

2/ wpfOD;qdkifemrf qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ wpfOD;qdkifemrf(5)ckudk a&;yg/

3/ trsm;qdkifemrf qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ trsm;qdkifemrf(5)ckudk a&;yg/

4/ pdwåZemrfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ pdwåZemrf(5)ckudk a&;yg/

5/ tpkjyemrfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tpkjyemrf(5)ckudk a&;yg/

6/ atmufyg0gusrsm;&Sd rsOf;om;xm;aom emrftoD;oD;\ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/

(u) a&Twd*Hk onf jrefrmjynf üxif&Sm;aom apwDwpfqljzpfonf/(c) r[mAE¨Kvonf vuf½kH;&nf? ESvHk;&nfESifh jynfhpHkaom ppfolMuD; wpfOD;jzpfonf/(*) [dkuf'½dk*sif onf avxufayghonf/(C) ykyÜg;onf a&S;tcgu rD;awmifjzpfcJhzl;onf/(i) ysm;&nfonf a&S;tcgu cGeftm;udk jzpfaponf/(p) ZGJ&Sdu atmifjrifonf/(q) nDñGwfjcif;onf tiftm;jzpfonf/(Z) qifonf vlwdkUtwGuf tvGeftoHk;0ifaom wd&pämefjzpfonf/(ps) tvdr®m pmrSm &Sdonf/(n) q&mBuD; OD;bonf ausmif;aumifpD\ Ouú| jzpfonf/

7/ uGufvyfrsm;udkjznfhyg/

(u) j'yfr&Sd? udkifwG,fprf;oyfír&? jrifvnf;rjrifEkdif? pdwfjzifhom awG;awmod&SdEdkifaom emrfudk.......... emrf[kac:onf/(c) wpfOD;? wpfa,muf? wpfcktwGuf oD;jcm;rSnfhac:xm;aom trnfudk................emrf[kac:onf/(*) trsm;ESifhqdkifaom yk*¾dKvf? owÅ0g? t&m0w¬KwdkU\ trnfudk........ emrf[kac:onf/

(C) tpktaygif;? toif;tzGJUudk azmfjyaom emrfudk...........emrf[k ac:onf/(i) ZGJ? owÅd apwem wdkUonf ............emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/

Page 9: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(p) vlxk? y&dabm*? wyfrawmfwdkUonf............emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/(q) aumfrwD? aumifpD? tzGJUwdkUonf............emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/(Z) &efukef? rEÅav;? jrpfBuD;em; wdkUonf............emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/(ps) cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif;? usef;rmjcif; wdkUonf............emrfrsm;jzpf Muonf/

emrfpm;

emrfpm;12/ emrf \tpm;oHk;aom yk'fudk emrfpm; [kac:onf/om"u/ / uRefawmf? uRefr? ig? uREfkyf? usKyf? rdrd? oif? rif;? cifAsm;? &Sif? eif? nnf;? ol? oif;? þ? onf? xdk? 4if;? tb,f? b,f? bm? rnfol? tcsdKU? tm;vkH;/

13/ emrfpm;(4)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm -(u) yk*¾vemrfpm;(c) tñTef;emrfpm;(*) tar;emrfpm;(C) ocFsmemrfpm; wdkUjzpfMuonf/

14/ (u) yk* ¾vemrfpm;/ /yk*¾dKvf\ tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;udk yk*¾vemrfpm;[kac:onf/om"u/ / uRefawmf? uRefr? ig? uREfkyf? rdrd? rif;? eif? &Sif? ol/(1) ]] uRefawmf zsm;aevdkU tdrfjyefcGifhjyKyg q&mr}} [k armifcif u ol \q&mrxH cGifhawmif;onf/þ0gusü armifcif [laom emrfonf yk*¾dKvf\ trnfjzpfonf/ uRefawmfESifh olonf ajymol armifcif [laom emrf\tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmf ESifh ol onf yk* ¾vemrfpm; jzpf onf/(2) ]] rif;ud kig aps;xJrSm awGUvdkufw,f}} [k armifbudk armifcdkifu ajymonf/þ0gusü ajymolrSm armifck di f jzpfonf/ em;axmifolrSm armifbjzpf onf/ rif;onf em;axmifol armifb [laom

emrf\tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ igonf ajymol armifckdif[laom emrf\tpm;oHk; aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh rif; ESifh ig onf yk* ¾vemrfpm;jzpf onf/

(3) ]]&Sif raeUu tvSLoGm;ao;ovm;? uRefrawmh roGm;jzpfbl;}} [k at;rdu zdk;armifudk ajymonf/

Page 10: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

þ0gusüajymolrSm at;rd jzpfonf/ em;axmifolrSm zd k;armif jzpfonf/ &Sif onf em;axmifol zd k;armif [laom emrf\tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ uRefr onf ajymol at;rd [laom emrf\tpm; oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh &Sif ESifh uRefr onf yk* ¾v emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(4) ]]rdrd udk,fudk aumif;atmif BudK;pm;yg}} [kq&mBuD; wynfhudk qHk;ronf/

þ0gusü qHk;rolrSm q&mBuD; jzpfí em;axmifolrSm wynfhjzpfonf/ rdrd onf em;axmifol wynfh [laom emrf\ tpm; oHk;xm;aom emrfpm; jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh rdrd onf yk* ¾vemrfpm; jzpfonf/

(c) tñTefemrfpm;/ / emrfyk'fwpfck udk ñTefjyonfh emrfpm;udk tñTef; emrfpm; [kac:onf/om"u/ / þ? onf? xdk? ,if;? 4if;/(1)(uu) ]]ynma&Ttdk; vlrckd;}} [laom pum; &Sdonf/(cc) þum; a&S;ynm&SdwdkU\ tqdktrdefUwnf;/þ0gus (2)ckwGif yxr 0gus&Sd pum;onf emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd þonf yxr0gus&Sd pum;[laom emrf\tpm;oHk; xm;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUjyif pum;[laom emrfudkvnf; ñTefjy onf/ xdkUaMumifh þ onf tñTef;emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(2) (uu) xrif;qdkifrSm rpm;ESifh? onf rSm pm;yg/(cc) olUwdkUtdrfrSm rwnf;ESifh? onf rSm wnf;yg/þ0gus(2)ckpvHk;wGif onf onf ajymolaexdkif&mudk ñTefjyaom pum;vHk; jzpfonf/ ]]uREfkyftdrfrSm pm;yg/ uREfkyftdrfrSm wnf;yg}}[k qdkrnfhtpm; ]] onf rSm pm;yg? onf rSm wnf;yg}} [k qdkjcif;aMumifh ]] (uREfkyf)tdrf }} [laom emrf\tpm;onfudk oHk;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh onf onf tñTef;emrfpm;jzpfonf/

(3)(uu) armifEdkifonf rEÅav;odkUoGm;onf/(cc) xdk rSwqifh arjrdKUodkUc&D;qufrnf/þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd rEÅav; onf emrfjzpfonf/ 'kwd, 0gus&Sd xd k onf yxr0gus&Sd rEÅav;[laom emrf\tpm;oHk;xm; aomemrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUjyif rEÅav; [laom emrfudkvnf; ñTefjy onf/ xdkUaMumifh xd k onf tñTef;emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(4)(uu) armifausmfonf arG;aeUvufaqmiftjzpf pufbD; wpfpD; udk &onf/

Page 11: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(cc) 4if; udk oltvGef ESpfoufonf/þ0gusESpfckwGif yxr0gus&Sd pufbD; onf emrfjzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd 4if; onf yxr0gus&Sd pufbD; [laom emrf\tpm;oHk;xm; aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUjyif pufbD; [laom emrfudkvnf; ñTefjy onf/ xdkUaMumifh 4if; onf tñTef;emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(*) tar;emrfpm; / / tar;oabmjzifh oHk;aom emrfpm;udk tar;emrfpm; [kac:onf/

om"u/ /b,f? bm? rnfol/

(1)(uu) þpmtkyfudk b,f u0,fvmoenf;/(cc) tar b,f oGm;oenf;/þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd b,f onf pmtkyf0,fvmonfh ae&m udk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh 0,fvmonfhae&m (emrf)\tpm; oHk;aom emrfpm; jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd b,f rSmrl taroGm;onfh ae&mudk ar;jref; jcif;jzifh taroGm;onfhae&m(emrf)\ tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh b,f onf tar;emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(2) (uu) tar bmudk MudKufovJ/(cc) tar bm 0,fvmovJ/þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd bm onf tarMudKufonfh t&mudk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh tarMudKufonfht&m (emrf)\tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm; jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd bm rSmrl tar0,fvmonfh t&mudk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh 0,fvmonfht&m(emrf)tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpf onf/ xdkUaMumifh bm onf tar;emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(3) (uu) aps;odkU rnfol oGm;oenf;/(cc) aps;ü rnfol ESifh awGUcJhoenf;/ þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd rnfol onf aps;odkU oGm;oludk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh oGm;ol(emrf)\ tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ 'kwd ,0gus&Sd rnfol rSmrl aps;ü awGUcJholudk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh awGUcJhol (emrf) \tpm;oHk;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh rnfhol onf tar;emrfpm; jzpfonf/

(C) ocFsmemrfpm;/ /ta&twGuf tenf;trsm;? yrmP udk jyaom emrfpm;udk ocFsmemrfpm; [kac:onf/

om"u/ / wpfyg;? ESpfa,muf? oHk;aumif? av;ck? tcsdKU? tm;vHk;? tenf;i,f? wpf0uf/

Page 12: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(1)(uu) OD;jrrSm om;ESpfa,muf &Sdonf/(cc) wpfa,muf rSm &efukefjrdKUwGif aeonf/(**) wpfa,muf onf rEÅav;rSm aeonf/þ0gus(3)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd om;onf emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd wpfa,muf ESifh wwd,0gus&Sd wpfa,muf wdkUonf om;[laom emrf \tpm;oHk;xm;aom emrfpm;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUjyif ta&twGuf udkvnf; jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh wpfa,muf onf ocFsmemrfpm; jzpfonf/

(2)(uu) uREfkyfwGif jrif; av;aumif &Sdonf/ (cc) wpfaumif rSm tkefcGHa&mifjzpfonf/(**) oHk;aumif rSm tñkda&mifjzpfonf/þ0gus(3)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd jrif;onf emrfjzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd wpfaumif ESifh wwd,0gus&Sd oH k;aumif wkddUonf jrif; [laom emrf\t pm;oHk;xm;onfh emrfpmrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUjyif ta&twGufudkvnf; jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh wpfaumif ESifh oH k;aumif wdkUonf ocFsmemrfpm;rsm; jzpfMuonf/

(3)(uu) jcHxJwGif yef;yifrsm; &SdMuonf/(cc) tcsd d KUonf ESif;qDyef;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd yef;yifrsm; onf emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd, 0gus&Sd tcsdKU onf yxr0gus&Sd yef;yiftm;vHk;teufrS yef;yifwpfpdwf wpfa'o\ tpm;oHk;xm;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh tcs dKUonf ocFsmemrfpm; jzpfonf/

(4) (uu) OD;zdk;armifwGif om;orD; oHk;a,muf&Sdonf/(cc) tm;vH k; vdr®mMuonf/þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd om;orD; onf emrfjzpfonf/ 'kwd, 0gus&Sd tm;vHk; onf yxr0gus&Sd om;orD; [laom emrf\tpm;oHk; xm;aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ xdkUjyif ta&twGuf yrmPudkvnf; jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh tm;vHk;onf ocFsmemrfpm; jzpfonf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ emrfpm;qdkonfrSmtb,fenf;/

2/ yk*¾vemrfpm;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ yk*¾vemrfpm; (5)ck udka&;yg/

Page 13: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

3/ tñTef;emrfpm;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tñTef;emrfpm; (5)ck udka&; yg/

4/ tar;emrfpm;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tar;emrfpm; (5)ck udka&;yg/

5/ ocFsmemrfpm;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ ocFsmemrfpm; (5)ck udka&;yg/

6/ atmufygrsOf;om;xm;aom emrfpm;toD;oD;\ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/(u) uREfkyfwGif jrif;av;aumif&Sdonf/ wpfaumif rSm tkef;cGHa&mifjzpf onf/ oHk;aumifrSm tñkda&mifjzpfonf/(c) OD;zdk;armifwGif om;oHk;a,muf&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUteuf ESpfa,muf onfyOörwef;ausmif;om;jzpfí wpfa,mufonf q|rwef;ausmif; om;jzpfonf/(*) uRefronf yHkjyifpmtkyfudk raeUu zwfygonf/ 4if;onf tvGef pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;ygonf/(C) rcifonf jcHxJü a>rBuD;wpfaumifudk awGUonf/ 4if;onf {&mr a>rBuD;jzpfonf/ ol\ oli,fcsif;rsm;udk ac:ygonf/ olwdkUvnf; tvGef aMumufvefUoGm;Muonf/(i) tbGm;onf tvGef yHkajymaumif;ygonf/ uRefawmhf udk ewforD; yHk jyifrsm; ajymjyygonf/ 4if; wdkUudk uRefawmf ESpfoufygonf/

vdif

vdif15/txD;? tr obm0udk vdif[kac:onf/ emrf? emrfpm;wdkUudkvnf; a,musfm;? rdef;r? txD;? tr ponfhjzifh cGJjcm;jcif;onf vdifoabm jzpfonf/

16/ vdif(4)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm - (u) ykv’dif(c) £w¬vdif(*) eykv’dif(C) 'Gdvdif wdkUjzpfMuonf/

17/ (u) ykv’ dif / / txD;obm0&Sdaom emrfudk ykv’ dif [kac:onf/ om"u / /tbdk;? taz? om;? nD? tpfudk? armif? uRefawmf? armif&if? aMumifxD;? jrif;xD;? EGm;xD;? Muufz? orifzdk? ief;zdk? 0wfqHzdk? xef;zdk/(1) tbdk;? taz? om;? nD? tpfud k? armif tp&Sdaom emrfwdkUonf

Page 14: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

a,musfm;obm0&Sdaom emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkyg emrf wdkUonf ykv’ dif jzpfonf/(2) uRefawmf? armif&if [laom emrfpm;wdkYonf a,musfm;obm0&Sd aom ajymol? emolESifh qdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkygemrfpm; wdkUonf vnf; ykv’ dif jzpfonf/(3)aMumifxD;? jrif;xD;? EGm;xD;? Muufz? orifzd k? ief;zd k tp&Sdaom emrf wdkUonf txD;obm0&Sdaom emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/(4) 0wfqHzd k ? xef;zd k tp&SdaomemrfwdkUonf tzdkobm0&Sdaom emrf rsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkygemrfwdkUonfvnf; ykv’ dif yifjzpf onf/

(c) £wd¬vdif / /trobm0&Sdaomemrfudk £wd¬vdif [kac:onf/om"u/ / tbGm;? tar? orD;? nDr? tpfr? ESr? uRefr? nnf;? aMumifr? jrif;r? EGm;r? Muufr? qdwfr? orifr? ief;r? 0wfqHr? xef;r/

(1) tbGm;? tar? orD;? nDr? tpfr? ESr tp&Sdaom emrfwdkUonf rdef;r obm0&Sdaom emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkygemrfwkdUonf £wd¬vdif jzpfonf/(2) uRefr? nnf; [laom emrfpm;wdkUonf rdef;robm0&Sdaom ajymol? emolESifhqdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkyg emrfpm;wdkUonfvnf; £wd¬vdif yifjzpfonf/(3) aMumifr? jrif;r? EGm;r? Muufr? qdwfr? orifr? ief;r tp&Sdaom emrfwdkUonftrobm0&Sdaom emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifhtqdkyg emrfwkdUonfvnf; £wd¬vdif yifjzpfonf/(4) 0wfqHr? xef;r tp&Sdaom emrfwdkUonfvnf; trobm0&Sdaom emrfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkygemrfwdkUonfvnf; £wd¬vdif yif jzpfonf/

(*) eykv’ dif / /txD;obm0? trobm0r&Sdaom emrfudk eykv’ dif [k ac:onf/om"u/ /cJwH? cJzsuf? pmtkyf? pmyGJ? ukvm;xdkif? ykvif;? zefcGuf/cJwH? cJzsuf? pmtkyf tp&Sdaom emrfwdkUonf txD;obm0vnf;r&Sd? trobm0vnf;r&Sd/ xdkUaMumifh tqdkygemrfwdkUonf eykvd ’if jzpfonf/

(C) 'G dvdif / /txD;obm0? trobm0 ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifhqdkif aom emrfudk 'G dvdif [kac:onf/om"u/ / vl? ig? uREkfyf? rif;? eif? oif? ol? oif;? acG;? iSuf? 0wfqH/(1) vl[laom emrfonf a,musfm;? rdef;rESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifhqdkifonf/ a,musfm;obm0&Sdoludkvnf; vl[kac:onf/ rdef;robm0&Sdoludk vnf; vl [kac:onf/ þuJhodkU a,musfm;? rdef;r obm0ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifh qdkifaomaMumifh tqdkygemrfonf 'G dvdif

Page 15: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

jzpfonf/

(2) ig? uREk fyf? rif;? eif? oif? ol? oif; [laom emrfpm;wdkUonf a,musfm;ESifhvnf; qdkifonf/ rdef;rESifh vnf;qdkifonf/ þodkU a,usfm;? rdef;ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifh qdkifaomaMumifh tqdkygemrfpm;wdkUonf 'G dvdif jzpfonf/

(3) acG;[laom emrfonf txD;obm0&Sdaom acG;xD;ESifhvnf; qdkif onf/ trobm0&Sdaom acG;rESifhvnf; qdkifonf/ þodkU a,musfm;? rdef;rESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifh qdkifaomaMumifh tqdkyg emrfpm;wdkUonf 'G dvdif jzpf onf/

(4) iSuf [laom emrfonf txD;obm0&Sdaom iSufzd k ESifhvnf; qdkif onf/ trobm0&Sdaom iSufrESifhvnf; qdkifonf/ þodkU tzdk? tr obm0ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ESifh qdkifaomaMumifh tqdkygemrfonf 'G dvdif jzpf onf/

(5) 0wfqH [laom emrfonf 0wfqHzd k ESifhvnf;qdkifonf/ 0wfqHrESifh vnf; qdkifonf/ þodkU tzdkobm0? trobm0 ESpfrsdK;pvkH;ESifh qdkif aomaMumifh tqdkygemrfonf 'G dvdif jzpfonf/

vdif(4)rs d d K;Z,m;

ykv’dif £wdåvdif eykvd’if 'Gdvdiftbdk;tazom;tpfudknDarmifOD;BuD;vlysdKuRefawmfarmif&if

tbGm;tarorD;tpfrnDrESra':BuD;tysdKuRefrnnf;

cJwHcJzsufpmtkyfukvm;xdkifpm;yGJykvif;zefcGuftdrfausmif;em&D

vliguREkfyfeifrif;olacG;aMumifiSuf0wfqH

udef;

Page 16: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

udef;18/ ta&twGufudk udef;[kac:onf/ udef;(2)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm -(u) {u0kpfudef;(c) A[k0kpfudef; wdkUjzpfMuonf/

19/ (u) {u0kpfudef;/ /ta&twGuf wpfckomjyaom emrfudk {u0kpfudef; [kac:onf/(1) uav;onf aysmf&TifpGm upm;onf/þ0gusü uav;onf ta&twGuf wpfckom &Sdaom emrfjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumihf uav;[laom emrfonf {u0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

(2) armifbonf pmtkyf udk udkifxm;onf/þ0gusü pmtkyf onf ta&twGuf wpfckom &Sdaom emrfjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumihf pmtkyf [laom emrfonf {u0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

(c) A[k0kpfudef; / / ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkí jyaom emrfudk A[k0kpfudef; [kac:onf/ (1) uav;rsm;onf aysmf&TifpGm upm;Muonf/þ0gusü uav;rsm;onf ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaom emrfjzpf onf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaMumif;udk rsm;[laom udef;ñTef; ypönf;ujyonf/ xdkUaMumifh uav;rsm;onf A[k0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

(2) armifbonf pmtkyfrsm;udk udkifxm;onf/þ0gusü pmtkyfrsm;onf ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaom emrfjzpf onf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaMumif;udk rsm;[laom udef;ñTef; ypönf;ujyonf/ xdkUaMumifh pmtkyfrsm;onf A[k0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ vdifqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

2/ ykv’dif qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ atmufyg emrfrsm;rS ykvd’ifemrfwdkU udk a½G;xkwfjyyg/rr? udkudk? bBuD;? a':BuD;? rdaxG;? baxG;? OD;av;? a':av;? Muufr? EGm;r? tbGm;? tbdk;? taz? tar? jrif;r? EGm;xD;? ysm;bk&ifr? ysm;xD;? ief;zdk/

Page 17: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

3/ £wdåvdif qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ atmufyg emrfrsm;rS £wdåvdifemrfwdkU udk a½G;xkwfjyyg/tbGm;? tbdk;? tar? taz? q&m? uRefr? uRefawmf? om;? orD;? nDr? armif?tpfudk? tpfr? jrif;xD;? jrif;r? orifzdk? orifr? qdwfxD;? qdwfr? xef;zdk? xef;r/

4/ eykv’dif qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ atmufyg emrfrsm;rS eykv’difemrfwdkU udk a½G;xkwfjyyg/ausmif;om;? cJwH? pmtkyf? ausmif;ol? pm;yGJ? xrif;? yef;uef? acG;? aMumif?ykvif;? zefcGuf? a,musfm;? rdef;r? aomh? ig;? wHcg;? jywif;ayguf/

5/ 'Gdvdif qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ atmufyg emrfrsm;rS 'Gdvdif emrfwdkU udk a½G;xkwfjyyg/avS? tdrf? iSuf? a,musfm;? ig? eif? &Sifbk&if? acG;? ol? uav;? tysdK? 0wfqH? rif;? OD;BuD;? cifAsm;/

6/ atmufygemrfrsm;udk vdifcGJjyyg/ausmif;'um? tnmol? ppfolBuD;? olemjyKq&mr? rif;orD;? riftdk;? tbdk;? aywH? a,musfm;? EGm;? jywif;ayguf? cJtdk? c,fr? uRefr? ykvif;? uav;? aomh? nDr? OD;BuD;? eif/

7/ atmufygykvd’ifemrftoD;oD;udk £wdÅvdifemrfodkU ajymif;yg/bBuD;? baxG;? a,musfm;? vif? rwf? oruf? cJtdk? om;? armif? nD? ausmif;'um? rif;om;? rkqdk;zdk? tbdk;? taz? tpfudk? jrdKUom;/

8/ atmufyg £wd¬vdifemrftoD;oD;udk ykvd’ifemrfodkU ajymif;yg/awmol? nDr? wlr? tdrf&Sifr? pma&;r? r,fawmf? tysdK? EGm;r? a':BuD;? tpfr? tar? rdef;r? uRefr/

9/ atmufyg ykvd’if emrfwdkUESifh £wd¬vdifemrfwdkUudk qDavsmfatmif wGJjy yg/

tvSL'um rif;om;rkqdk;zdktbdk;taza,musfm;vlysdKOD;av;

rkqdk;r tbGm;tarrdef;r

tvSLtrrif;orD;qdwfrEGm;r

Page 18: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

EGm;xD;jrif;xD;qdwfxD;

jrif;rtysdK

a':av;

Bud,m

Bud,m20/ jyKjcif;udkjzpfao? jzpfjcif;udkjzpfap? &Sdjcif;udkjzpfap? jyaomyk'fudk Bud,m [kac:onf/om"u/ /ajy;? uef? csuf? uGJ? usuf? jzpf? aysmf? &Sd/

21/ Bud,monf teuft"dyÜm,ft&(3)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm -(u) jyKjcif;jyKBud,m(c) jzpfjcif;jyBud,m(*) &Sdjcif;jyBud,m wkdUjzpfMuonf/

22/ jyKjcif;jyBud,m / /jyKrlvIyf&Sm;rIudk jyaom Bud,mudk jyKjcif;jy Bud,m [kac:onf/om"u/ /ajy;? uef? cGJ? csuf/(1) olajy;onf/(2) nDnDonf abmvHk;udk uef onf/(3) tazonf tkef;oD;udk cG J onf/(4) taronf xrif;udk csuf onf/(azmfjyyg 0guswkdUwGif - - 0gus (1)ü ajy; [laom Bud,monf ]]ol}} [laom uwåm;\ jyKjcif;udk jyonf/- 0gus (2)ü uef [laom Bud,monf ]]nDnD}} [laom uwåm;\ jyKjcif; udk jyonf/

- 0gus (3)ü cG J [laom Bud,monf ]]taz}} [laom uwåm;\ jyKjcif; udk jyonf/xdkUaMumifh ajy;?uef?cJG?csuf [laom Bud,mwdkUonf jyKjcif;udk jyonf/)

(c) jzpfjcif;jyBud,m/ / ouf&SdoufrJhwdkU\ jzpfrItajctaeudk azmfjyaomBud,mudk jzpfjcif;jy Bud,m [kac:onf/om"u/ /uGJ?usuf? aysmf? jzpf/(1)zefcGuf uGJ onf/(2) xrif; usuf NyD/(3)olaysmf onf/

Page 19: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(4) armifbonf ausmif;om; jzpf onf/(azmfjyyg 0guswdkUwGif -- 0gus(1)ü uGJ [laom Bud,monf ]] zefcGuf }} [laom uwåm;\ jzpfrItajctae udkjyonf/- 0gus(2) usuf [laom Bud,monf ]]xrif;}} [laom uwåm;\ jzpfrItajctae udkjyonf/- 0gus(3)ü aysmf [laom Bud,monf ]]ol}} [laom uwåm;\ jzpfrItajctae udkjyonf/- 0gus(4)ü jzpf [laom Bud,monf ]]armifb}} [laom uwåm;\ jzpfrItajctae udkjyonf/xdkUaMumifh uG J? usuf? aysmf? jzpf [laom Bud,mwkdUonf jzpfjcif;udkjyonfh jzpfjcif;jyBud,m rsm; jzpfMuonf/

(*)&S d jcif;jyBud,m/ / vl? ae&ma'o? t&m0w¬K ponfwkdU &Sdae jcif;? wnfaejcif;udk jyaom Bud,m &S d jcif;jy Bud,m [kac:onf/

om"u/ / &Sd?wnf&Sd/

(1) uefxJü Bum&S d onf/(2) &efukefjrdKUonf vdIifjrpf0ü wnf&S d onf/(3) uREfkyfü aiGig;usyf &S d onf/(4) tazonf pmMunhfcef;xJü &S d onf/(5) uREfkyfwkdU ausmif;a&SUü upm;uGif; &S d onf/(azmfjyyg0gus wkdUwGif-- 0gus(1)ü &S d [laom Mud,monf ]] Mum }}[laom uwåm;\ &S d jcif; udk jyonf/- 0gus(2)ü wnf&S d [laom Mud,monf ]]&efukefjrdKU}}[laom uwåm;\ &S d jcif; udk jyonf/- 0gus(3)ü &S d [laom Mud,monf ]]aiGig;usyf}}[laom uwåm;\ &S d jcif;udk jyonf/- 0gus(4)ü &S d [laom Mud,monf ]]taz}}[laom uwåm;\ &S d jcif; udk jyonf/- 0gus(5)ü &S d [laom Mud,monf ]]upm;uGif;}}[laom uwåm;\ &S d jcif;udk jyonf/xdkaMumifh &S d ? wnf&S d ? [laom Mud,monfwdkUonf &Sdjcif;udk jyonfh &Sdjcif;Mud,mrsm;jzpfMuonf/)

avhusif hcef;

Page 20: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

1/ Mud,m qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

2/ atmufyg0gutoD;oD;ü yg0ifaom Mud,mwdkUudk xkwfí 4if;wkdU\ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/(u) ZGJ&Sdu atmifjrifonf/(c) usef;rmjcif;onf vmbfBuD;wpfyg;jzpfonf/(*) tvdr®m pmrSm &Sdonf/

(C) jrefrmrIudk xdef;odrf;yg/(i) rdrdudk,fudk aumif;atmifMudK;pmrnf/(p) udk,fcsif;pmempdwfudk arG;jrLMuyg/(q) wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10)&ufaeUonf trsdK;om;aeU jzpfonf/(Z) csdKomaom pum;udk vlwdkif;ESpfoufonf/(ps) wkdUEdkifiHudk wdkUcspfonf/(n) rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;vQif vlrsdK;yg jyKef;rnf/

3/ jyKjcif;jyMud,m qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ jyKjcif;jyMud,m (5)ckudk a&;yg/

4/ jzpfjcif;jyMud,m qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ jzpfjcif;jyMud,m (5)ckudk a&;yg/

5/ &Sdjcif;jyMud,m qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ &Sdjcif;jyMud,m (5)ckudk a&;yg/

6/ atmufyg Mud,mrsm;udk trsdK;tpm;tvdkuf tpkcGJjyyg/ajy;?½dkuf?&Sd?jzpf?aysmf? ae?avhusifh?tdyf?pm;? jrif?oGm;?rSnfh/

7/ jyKjcif;jy Mud,mygaom 0gus(3)cka&;yg/

8/ jzpfjcif;jy Mud,mygaom 0gus(3)cka&;yg/

9/ &Sdjcif;jy Mud,mygaom 0gus(1)cka&;yg/

emr0daooe

emr0daooe

Page 21: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

23/ emrfudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk emr0daooe [kac:onf/

24/ þwGif 0daooe ESifh 0daooQ [laom toHk;udk od&ef vdktyfonf/ 0daooe qdkonfrSm txl;jyKaom yk'fjzpfonf/ 0daooQ qdkonfrSm txl;jyKjcif;cH&aom yk'fjzpfonf/om"u/ /(u) armifa&cJonf vdr®maom ausmif;om;jzpfonf/(c) þ pum; onf a&S;ynm&SdwkdkU\ tqdktrdefUwnf;/(*) armifa&cJwGif nDoHk;a,muf &Sdonf/(azmfjyyg om"ursm;wGif-(1) vdr®maom onf ausmif;om; [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/þonf pum; [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ oH k;a,muf onf nD [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh vdr®maom? þ? oH k;a,muf wdkUonf emr0daoersm;jzpfMuonf/(2) ausmif;om; [laom emrfonf vdr®maom \txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf/pum; [laom emrfonf þ\ txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf/ nD [laom emrfonf oH k;a,muf\ txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf/xdkUaMumifh ausmif;om;? pum;? nD wdkUonf emr0daoos rsm;jzpfMuonf/)

25/ emr0daoeonf teuft"dyÜm,ft&(4)rsdK; &Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm -(u) *kPf&nfjy emr0daooe(c) tñTef;emr0daooe

(*) ocsFmemr0daooe(C) tar;emr0daooe wdkUjzpfMuonf/

26/ (u) *kPf&nfjy emr0daooe/ / emrf\ *kPf&nftcsif;udk jyí ,if;emrfudk txl;jyKonfh yk'fudk *kPf&nfjy emr0daooe[kac: onf/om"u/ / vdr®maom? aumif;aom? rdkufaom? csdKaom? cg;aom/armifa&cJonf vdr®maom ausmif;om;jzpfonf/þ0gusü vdr®maom u armifa&cJonf rnfodkUaom ausmif;om; jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ vdr®maom [laom yk'fonf *kPft&nftcsif;udk jyjcif;jzifh ausmif;om; [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh vdr®maom onf *kPf&nfjyemr0daooe jzpf onf/

(c) tñTef;emr0daooe/ /emrfudk ñTefjyjcif;jzifh txl;jyKonfh yk'f udk tñTef;emr0daooe [kac:onf/

Page 22: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

om"u/ /þ? onf? xdk? 4if;? wpfpHkwpfck? wpfyg;? tjcm;/(1)þ pum;onf a&S;ynm&SdwdkU\ tqdktrdefUwnf;/þ0guü pum; onf emrfjzpfonf/ tqdkyg pum;onf tjcm;wpfyg;aom pum;r[kwf/ a&S;ynm&SdwdkUpum;jzpfaMumif;udk þ u ñTefjyonf/ xdkUodkU ñTefjyjcif;jzifh þ onf pum; [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh þ onf tñTef;emr0daooe jzpfonf/

(2) a&S;ynm&SdwdkU\ tjcm;tqdktrdefU rsm;vnf;&Sdao;onf/þ0gusü tqdktrdefU onf emrfjzpfonf/ od&SdjyD; jzpfaom tqdktrdefU rsm;omru wpfyg;aom tqdktrdefUrsm;vnf; &Sdao;aMumif;udk tjcm;u ñTefjyonf/ xdkUodkU ñTefjyjcif;tm;jzifh tjcm;onf tqdktrdefU [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh tjcm;onf tñTef;emr0daooe jzpfonf/

(*) ocsFmemr0daooe/ / ta&twGufudk vnfaumif;? tpOfudk vnf;aumif;? tenf;trsm; yrmPudk vnf;aumif; azmfjyíemrfudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk ocs Fmemr0daooe [kac:onf/om"u/ / wpf?ESpf?oHk;/yxr? 'kwd,? wwd,/tcsdKU? tm;vkHk;? tenf;i,f/

(1) armifa&cJwGif nDoHk;a,muf &Sdonf/þ0guswGif oHk;a,muf u armifa&cJünD rnfrQ &SdaMumif;udk jyonf/ oHk;a,muf [laom yk'fonf ta&twGufudk jyjcif;jzif h nD [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh oH k;a,muf onf ta&twGuf udk jyaom ocsFmemr0daooe jzpfonf/

(2) armifa&cJonf twef;wifpmar;yGJü yxr qk udk&onf/þ0guswGif yxr u armifa&cJonf twef;wifpmar;yGJürnfhonfhqk &&SdaMumif;udk jyonf/ yxr [laom yk'fonf armifa&cJ &&Sdaom qktpOfudk jyjcif;jzifh qk [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh yxr onf emrf\ tpOfudk azmfjyaom ocsFmemr0daooe jzpfonf/

(3)(uu) armifoHacsmif wdkUtwef;wGif ausmif;om; (45)a,muf&Sd onf/(cc) ausmif;om; tm;vH k; pmMudK;pm;Muonf/þ0gus(2)ckwGif yxr0gus&Sd ausmif;om; onf emrfjzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gus&Sd ausmif;om; onfvnf; emrfjzpfonf/ xdkUjyif 'kwd,0gusü tm;vk H; onf ausmif;om;

Page 23: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

[laom emrf\ tenf;trsm; yrmPudk jyjcif;jzifh tqdkyg emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh tm;vH k; onf tenf;trsm; yrmPudk jyaom ocsFmemr0daooe jzpfonf/

(C) tar;emr0daooe/ / tar;oabmjzifh emrfudk txll;jyKaom yk'fudk tar;emr0daooe [kac:onf/om"u/ /rnfrQ? rnfhonfh? rnfodkUaom? b,f? tb,f? b,favmuf/

(1) armifoHacsmif;wdkUtwef;wGif ausmif;om; rnfrQ pmar;yGJ atmifoenf;/þ0guswGif &Sdaom ausmif;om; onf emrfjzpfonf/ rnfrQ [laom yk'fonf pmar;yJGatmifaom ta&twGufudk ar;jref;onfh oabmjzifh ausmif;om; [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh rnfrQonf tar;emr0daooe jzpfonf/

(2) rkefUESpfrsdK;wGif rnfhonfhrkefU udk ydkMudKufoenf/þ0guswGif &Sdaom rkefUonf emrfjzpfonf/ rnfonfh [laom yk'fonf ydkMudKufaom rkefUtrsdK;trnfudk ar;jref;onfhoabmjzifh rkefU [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh rnfonfh onf tar;emr0daooe jzpfonf/

(3) armifa&cJonf rnfhod kUaom ausmif;om; jzpfoenf;/þ0guswGif &Sdaom ausmif;om; onf emrfjzpfonf/ rnfodkUaom [laom yk'fonf armifa&cJ rnfodkUaom oljzpfaMumif;udk ar;jref;onfh oabmjzifh ausmif;om; [laom emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumihf rnfodkUaom onf tar;emr0daooe jzpfonf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ emr0daooeqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ 0daooeESifh 0daooQ oabmudk om"ujzifh &Sifhjyyg/2/ atmufyg0gu toD;oD;&Sd *kPf&nfjy emr0daooersm;udk azmfjyyg/(u) armifarmifonf xGm;usdKif;aom vli,fjzpfonf/

(c) ysif;&daom ausmif;om;onf pmar;yGJ us½IH;wwfonf/(*) rcifonf qif;&Jaom rdef;uav;jzpfaomfvnf; ½dk;om;onf/(C) r0dkif;wGif eufarSmif qHyifESifh oG,fwef;aom ESmwH &Sdonf/

Page 24: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(i) rvSonf oGufvufaom ausmif;oljzpfonf/(p) armifa&cJonf tm;upm;ü xl;cRefaom ausmif;om;jzpfonf/(q) rdkufrJaom ausmif;om; udk q&mru qHk;ronf/(Z) cg;aom t&omudk uRefawmfrMudKufaomfvnf; cdsKaom t&omudk rl MudKufygonf/(ps) uRefawmfwdkU\ ausmif;onf qdwfjidrfaom &yfuGufwGifwnf&Sd onf/(n) MuHhcdkifaom ausmif;om;oli,frsm; jzpfatmif uRefawmfwdkU MudK;pm; &ygrnf/

3/ *kPf&nfjy emr0daooe qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ *kPf&nfjy emr0daooe ygaom 0gus(3)ckudk a&;yg/

4/ tñTef;emr0daooe qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tñTef; emr0daooe ygaom 0gus(3)ckudk a&;yg/

5/ ocsFmemr0daooe qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ ocsFmemr0daooe ygaom 0gus(3)ckudk a&;yg/

6/ tar;emr0daooe qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tar;emr0daooe ygaom 0gus(3)ckudk a&;yg/

7/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;&Sd emr0daooe rsm;udk xkwfí 4if;wdkU\ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/(u) r0dkif;onf ,Ofaus;aom ausmif;oljzpfonf/(c) Muuf[if;cg;oD;wGif cg;aom t&om &Sdonf/(*) qm;ü a&wGif aysmf0ifaom *kPfowåd&Sdonf/(C) þyHkjyifonf uav;wdkif; ESpfoufaom yHkjyifjzpfonf/(i) xdkta&mifudk rMudKufvQif tjcm;ta&mifudk a&G;yg/

(p) uRefawmf\tdrfwGif aMumifoHk;aumifESifh acG;wpfaumif arG;xm;ygonf/(q) uRefrrSm nDrESpfa,muf&Sdygonf/(Z) ausmif;om;tm;vHk; pmMudK;pm;Muonf/(n) armifaZmfonf rnfodkUaom ausmif;om;jzpfoenf;/

emr0daooe tqif hcG J jcm;jcif;

Page 25: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

emr0daooe tqif hcG J jcm;jcif;27/ emr0daooeonf emrfudk txl;jyKonf/ tcsdKU emr0daooe wdkUonf emrfudk txl;jyKjcif;jzifh emrf\ *kPf&nftaoG; tenf;trsm;udk cGJjcm;jyonf/ xdkUodkU cJGjcm;jy&mü tqifh(3)qifh &Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm - (u) omreftqifh(c) omvGeftqifh (*) tomvGefqHk;tqifh wdkUjzpfMuonf/

28/ (u) omreftqif h / /emrfyk'f wpfckckudk txl;jyKjcif;jzifh xdkemrfyk'fwGif &Sdaom *kPf&nftaoG;udk omrefrQjyaom emr0daooeonf omreftqifhjzpfonf/om"u/ / &J&if haom ppfolBuD; cR Jyspfaom t&nf vwfqwfaom toD;tES H arT;aom yef;(1) &J&ifhaom ppfolBuD; üyg0ifonfh &J&if haom u ppfolBuD;\ &J&ifhonfh *kPft&nftaoG;udk omrefrQ azmfjyonf/(2) cR Jyspfaomt&nf üyg0ifonfh cR Jyspfaom u t&nf \ cRJyspfonfh *kPft&nftaoG;udk omrefrQ azmfjyonf/(3) vwfqwfaom toD;tES H üyg0ifonfh vwfqwfaom u toD;tES H \ vwfqwfonfh *kPft&nftaoG;udk omrefrQ azmfjyonf/

(4) arT;aomyef; ü yg0ifonfh arT;aom u yef; \ arT;onfh *kPft&nftaoG;udk omrefrQ azmfjyonf/(c) omvGeftqifh/ / *kPft&nftaoG;&Sdaom emrfyk'f ESpfckwdkU wGif wpfckonf tjcm;wpfckxuf *kPft&nftaoG; omvGef aMumif; EIdif;,SOfjyaom emr0daooeonf omvGeftqifh jzpfonf/

om"u/ / omí&J&if haom ppfolBuD; omícR Jyspfaom t&nf omívwfqwfaom toD;tES H omíarT;aom yef;

(1) omí&J&if haom ppfolBuD; üyg0ifonfh ppfolBuD;onf tjcm; ppf olBuD;xuf &J&ifhonfh *kPft&nftaoG; omvGefaMumif;udk omí&J&if haom[lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/

Page 26: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(2) omícRJyspfaomt&nf ü yg0ifaom t&nf onf tjcm;t&nf wpfrsdK;xuf cRJyspfonfh *kPft&nftaoG; omvGefaMumif;udk omícR Jyspfaom [lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/(3) omívwfqwfaom toD;tES H ü yg0ifonfh toD;tES Honf tjcm; toD;tESHwpfrsdK;xuf vwfqwfonfh *kPft&nftaoG;omvGefaMumif;udk omívwfqwfaom [lonfh emr0daooe ujyonf/(4) omíarT;aomyef; üyg0ifaom yef;onf tjcm;yef;wpfrsdK;xuf arT;onfh *kPft&nftaoG;omvGefaMumif;udk omíarT;aom [lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/(þuJhodkU t&m wpfck\ *kPft&nftaoG;onf tjcm;t&m wpfck\ *kPft&nftaoG;xuf omvGefaMumif;udk jyaom emr0daooeonf omvGeftqif h jzpfonf/)

(*) tomvGefqH k;tqifh / / *kPft&nftaoG;&Sdaom emrfyk'f tm;vHk; teufrS emrfyk'f wpfck\ *kPft&nftaoG;onf tjcm; emrfyk'f tm;vHk;\ *kPft&nftaoG;xuf tomvGefqHk;jzpfaMumif; jyonfh emr0daooe onf tomvGefqH k;tqif h jzpfonf/om"u/ / t&J&if hqH k; ppfolBuD; tcR JyspfqH k; t&nf tvwfqwfqHk; toD;tES H tarT;qH k; yef;

(1) t&J&if hqH k; ppfolBuD; ü yg0ifaom ppfolBuD;onf ppfolBuD; tm;vHk; teuf &J&ifhonfh *kPft&nftaoG;ü tomvGefqHk; jzpfaMumif; udk t&J&if hqH k; [lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/(2) tcRJyspfqH k;t&nf üyg0ifaom toD;tESHonf toD;tESHtm;vHk; teuf cRJyspfonfh *kPft&nftaoG;ü tomvGefqHk; jzpfaMumif; udk tcRJyspfqH k; [lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/(3) tvwfqwfqH k; toD;tES H üyg0ifaom toD;tESHonf toD;tESHtm;vHk;teuf vwfqwfonfh *kPft&nftaoG;ü tomvGefqHk;jzpfaMumif;udk tvwfqwfqH k; [lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/(4) tarT;qH k; yef;wGif yg0ifonfh yef;onf yef;tm;vHHk; teufarT;onfh *kPft&nftaoG;ü tomvGefqHk; jzpfaMumif;udk tarT;qH k; [lonfh emr0daooeu jyonf/(þuJhodkU tomvGefqHk;*kPf t&nftaoG; &SdaMumif;udk jyaom emr0daooeonf tomvGefqH k;tqifh jzpfonf/)

Page 27: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

emr0daooe tqifh (3)qifhudk odom vG,fap&ef atmufygtwdkif; Z,m; jzifhjyxm;onf/

emr0daooe tqifh jyZ,m;

omreftqifh omvGeftqihf tomvGefqHk;tqifh

&J&ifhaomomí&J&ihfaom ydkí&J&ifhaom t&J&ifhqHk;

cRJyspfaom omícRJyspfaom ydkícRJyspfaom

tcRJyspfqHk;

vwfqwfaomomívwfqwfaom ydkívwfqwfaom tvwfqwfqHk;

arT;aom omíarT;aom ydkíarT;aom

tarT;qHk;

xl;cRefaomomíxl;cRefaom ydkíxl;cRefaom txl;cRefqHk;

jzLaom omíjzLaom ydkíjzLaom

tjzLqHk;

ausmfapmaomomíausmfaZmaom ydkíausmfaZmaom tausmfapmqHk;

avhusif hcef;

1/ atmufygemr0daooetoD;oD;udk tqifhvdkuf tpkcGJjyyg/

vdr®maom 0aomBuD;aomaumif;aomylaomomíylaomtjzLqHk;

jzLaom omíaumif;aomt0qHk;tvdr®mqHk;tBuD;qHk;omíjzLaomomíqkd;aom

taumif;qHkk; omíBuD;aomomí0aomtylqHk;omívdr®maomtqdk;qHk;qdk;aom

2/ atmufyg uGufvyf toD;oD;ü vdkaom emr0daooetqifhudk jznfhyg/

(u) vsifjrefaom .................... ....................

Page 28: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(c)(*)(C)(i)

....................

....................vSyaomjrifhaom

omíat;aom........................................omíjrifhaom

....................teD;qHk;tvSqHk;....................

3/ atmufyg emr0daooe wpfckpDudk toHk;jyKí 0guszGJUyg/

(u)

(c)(*)(C)(i)

xif&Sm;aom xlqef;aomvSaomat;aomcsdKaom

omíxif&Sm;aom omíxl;qef;aomomívSaomydkíat;aomydkícsdKaom

txif&Sm;qHk; txl;qef;qHk;tvSqHk;tat;qHk;tcsdKqHk;

Bud,m0daooe

Bud,m0daooe29/ Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk Bud,m0daooe [kac:onf/30/ þwGif 0daooe ESifh 0daoos [laom toHk;udk emr0daooe tcef;ü awGUcJhMuNyD/ 0daooe qdkonfrSm txl;jyKaom yk'fjzpfonf/ 0daoos qdkonfrSm txl;jyKjcif;cH&aom yk'fjzpfonf/om"u/ / (u) oljrefjref ajy; onf/ (c) eufjzef apmapm vmyg/ (*) ol rkefU[if;cg;udk tvGef BudKuf onf/ (C) ol xrif;udk jrdef&SufpGm pm;onf/(azmfjyyg om"u rsm;wGif - (u) jrefjref onf ajy; [laom Bud,mudk txl;jyKonf/ apmapmonf vm [laom Bud,mudk txl;jyKonf/ tvGef onf BudKuf [laom Bud,m udk txl;jyKonf/ jrdef&SufpGm onf pm;[laom Bud,mudk txl; jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh jrefjref? apmapm? tvGef? Nrdef&SufpGm wdkUonf Bud,m0daooersm; jzpfMuonf/(c) ajy; [laom Bud,monf jrefjref \ txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf/ vm [laom Bud,monf apmapm\ txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf/ BudKuf [laom Bud,monf tvGef \ txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf pm; [laom Bud,monf Nrdef&SufpGm \txl;jyKjcif;udk cH&onf/xdkUaMumifh ajy;? vm? BudKuf? pm;wdkUonf Bud,m0daoosrsm;jzpf Muonf/)

Page 29: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

31/ Bud,m 0daooeonf teuft"dyÜm,ft& (5)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkU rSm -(u) tcsdefjy Bud,m0daooe(c) trlt&mjy Bud,m0daooe

(*) tajctaejy Bud,m0daooe(C) yrmPjy Bud,m0daooe(i) tar;Bud,m Bud,m0daooe

32/ (u) tcsdef jy Bud,m0daooe/ / tcsdefumudk jyjcif;jzifh Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk tcs defjyBud,m0daooe [kac:onf/om"u/ / apmapm? MumjrifhpGm? rMumcP? csufcsif;/armifaxG;onf ausmif;odkU apmapm oGm;avh&Sdonf/þ0gusü apmapmu armifaxG; ausmif;oGm;avh&Sdaom tcsdefudk jyonf/ apmapm [laom yk'fonf armifaxG; ausmif;oGm;csdefudk jyjcif; jzifh oGm;[laom Bud,mudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh apmapm onf tcsdefudk jyaom tcsdefjyBud,m0daooe jzpfonf/

(c) trlt&mjy Bud,m0daooe/ / aqmif&GufyHkk trlt&mudk jyjcif;jzifh Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk trlt&mjy Bud,m0daooe [k ac:onf/om"u/ /½dkaopGm? vsifjrefpGm? uydku½dk? uacsmfucRwf? jyHK;wHk;wHk;/armifaxG;onf q&mudk ½d kaopGm uefawmh onf/þ0gusü ½d kaopGm u armifaxG;onf q&mtm; rnfodkU uefawmh aMumif;udk jyonf/ ½d kaopGm [laom yk'fonf armifaxG;\ trlt&m udk jcif;jzifh uefawmh [laom Bud,mudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkaMumifh ½d kaopGm onf trlt&mudk jyaom trlt&mjy Bud,m0daooe jzpfonf/

(*) tajctaejy Bud,m0daooe/ / tajctaeudk jyjcif;jzifh Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk tajctaejy Bud,m0daooe [kac: onf/om"u/ / taotcsm? rcRwf? {uef? trSef? pifppf? rkcs/armifaxG;onf aeMuwfjcif;udk taotcsm jrif &onf/þ0gusü taotcsm u aeMuwfjcif;udk armifaxG;rnfodkU jrif&aMumif; jyonf/ taotcsm [laom yk'fonf armifaxG;

jrif&yHk tajctaeudk jyjcif;jzifh jrif[laom Bud,mudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh taotcsm onf tajctaeudk jyaom tajctaejy Bud,m 0daooe jzpfonf/

Page 30: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(C) yrmPjy Bud,m0daooe/ / rnfa&TUrnfrQ yrmPudk jyjcif;jzifh Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yrmPjy Bud,m0daooe [kac:onf/om"u/ / tvGef? enf;enf;? rsm;pGm? tqrwef/armifaxG;onf iSufaysmoD;udk tvGefBudKuf onf/þ0gusü tvGef u armifaxG;onf iSufaysmoD;udk rnfrQ BudKufaMumif; jyonf/ tvGef [laom yk'fonf armifaxG; iSufaysmoD; rnfrQ BudKufaMumif; udk jyjcif;jzifh BudKuf [laom Bud,m udk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh tvGef onf yrmPudk jyaom yrmPjy Bud,m0daooe jzpfonf/

(i) tar; Bud,m0daooe/ / ar;jref;jcif;jzifh Bud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'fudk tar;Bud,m0daooe [kac:onf/om"u/ / rnfrQ? b,fvdk? b,favmuf? b,fyHk/armifaxG;onf pmudk rnfrQ BudK;pm; oenf;/þ0gusü armifaxG;\ pmBudK;pm;rI tajctaeudk ar;jref;xm;aom 0gusjzpfonf/ rnfrQ [laom yk'fonf armifaxG;\ pmBudK;pm;rI tajc taeudk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh BudK;pm; [laom Bud,mudk txl;jyKonf/ xdkUaMumifh rnfrQ onf ar;jref;jcif;oabm oufa&mufaom tar;Bud,m0daooe jzpfonf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;&Sd Bud,m0daooe wdkUudkxkwfjyyg/(u) olonf tcef;xJrS wdwfwqdwf xGufoGm;onf(c) rdk;om;rsm; w&dyf&dyf wufvmonf/

(*) vkyfom;jynfolrsm;onf a&SUwef;jyef&Jabmfrsm;udk vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ BudKqdkMuonf/(C) taronf om;udk nifompGm ,yfcwfay;onf/(i) armifcdkifonf Muufom;[if;udk tvGefBudKufonf/(p) ,aeUrdk; onf;xefpGm &Gmonf/(q) r0dkif;onf ausmif;aemufusrnf pdk;aomaMumifh uysmu,m ajy; onf/(Z) EdkifiHawmf tvHudk nDnDnmnm tav;jyKMuonf/(ps) reufjzef qufqufvmyg/(n) taronf tdyf&mrS apmapmxí aps;odkU jrefjref oGm;NyD;vQif eHeufpmudk uwdkufu½dkuf csufonf/

Page 31: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

2/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd rsOf;om;xm;aom Bud,m0daooe toD;oD; \ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/(u) armifaxG;onf ausmif;odkU apmapm oGm;onf/(c) r0dkif;onf NidrfoufpGm xdkifaeonf/(*) pmBudK;pm;vQif pmar;yGJ {uef atmifrnf/(C) armifatmifcdkifonf ig;[if;udk tvGef BudKufonf/(i) þpmtkyf b,favmuf ay;& oenf;/

3/ atmufyg Bud,m0daooersm;udk trsdK;trnftvdkuf tpkcGJjyyg/jznf;nif;pGm? csufcsif;? rnfrQ? uacsmfucRwf? wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf? jrefjref? rMumcP? wdwfqdwfpGm? NyHK;wHk;wHk;? wpkwa0;? b,fvdk? w&Murf;? tavmwBuD;? rMumrD? tvHktavmuf? b,favmuf? rkcs/

4/ atmufyg Bud,m0daooe toD;oD;udk toHk;jyKí 0guswpfckpD zGJUyg/vsifjrefpGm? aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif? taotcsm? wajzmufajzmuf? tvefUwMum;/

0dbwf

0dbwf33/ emrf? emrfpm;wdkU\ aemufüwnfí 4if;wdkUonf uwåm;jzpfonf? uHjzpfonf ponfudk vnf;aumif;? Bud,m\aemufüwnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvtrdsK;tpm;udk vnf;aumif; a0zefydkif;jcm;jyaom pum;vHk;udk 0dbwf [kac:onf/

34/ 0dbwf (2)rsdK; &Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm -(u) emrf0dbwf(c) Bud,m0dbwf wdkUjzpfMuonf/

emrf0dbwf35/ emrf? emrfpm;wdkU\ aemufüwnfí 4if;wdkUonf uwåm;jzpfonf? uHjzpfonf ponf a0zefydkif;jcm;jyaom pum;vHk;udk emrf0dbwf[k ac:onf/

36/ emrf0dbwfudk teuft"dyÜm,f t& (17)rsdK;cGJonf/

(u) uwåm;0dbwf(c) uH0dbwf

- onf? u? rSm- udk/

Page 32: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(*) xGufcGg&mjy0dbwf(C) a&S;½I&mjy0dbwf(i) qdkufa&muf&mjy0dbwf(p) toHk;cHjy0dbwf(q) taMumif;jy0dbwf(Z) vufcHjy0dbwf(ps) ae&mjy0dbwf(n) tcsdefjy0dbwf(#) ydkifqdkifjcif;jy0dbwf

- rS? u/- odkU/- odkU? xd? txd? xdatmif? wdkifatmif/- jzifh? ESifh/- aMumifh? jzifh/- tm;/- ü? rSm? wGif? 0,f? u/- ü? rSm? wGif? 0,f? u/- \/

(X) vdkufavsmjy0dbwf(!) ,SOfwGJjy0dbwf(¡) cGJxkwf&mjy0dbwf(P) &nfplcsufjy0dbwf(w)ae&mqufwdkufjy0dbwf(x)tcsdefqufwdkufjy0dbwf

- tvdkuf? t&? twdkif;? tavsmuf? tm;avsmfpGm/- ESifh? ESifhtwl? ESifhtnD? ESifhtrQ/- wGif? teuf? txJrS? txJrSm/- iSm? tvdkUiSm? zdkU? tzdkU? twGuf/- wdkifwkdif? wdkifatmif/- wdkifwkdif? wdkifatmif? ywfvHk;? vHk;vHk;/

(tqdkygemrf 0dbwf(17)rsdK;wdkU teuf emrf0dbwf trSwfpOf (u)rS (#)txdudk þtwGJ(1)? tcef;(2)ü azmfjyrnf/ usefaom emrf0dbwf trSwfpOf (X)rS (x) txdudkrl twGJ(1)? tcef;(3)ü qufvuf azmfjy rnf/)

37/ (u) uwåm;0dbwf / /jyKol? jzpfol? &SdoljzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf uwåm;0dbwf jzpfonf/(1) obmywdBuD; u rdefUcGef;ajymonf/þ0gusü obmywdBuD; onf rdefUcGef;ajymol jzpfonf/ obmywdBuD; onf rdefUcGef;ajymol jzpfaMumif;udk obmywdBuD;[laom emrfaemuf&Sd u 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh u 0dbwfonf jyKol udk jyaom uwåm;0dbwf jzpfonf/

(2) OD;b rSm pHjyvkyfomBuD;jzpfonf/þ0gusü pHjyvkyfom;BuD;jzpfolrSm OD;bjzpfonf/ OD;bonf pHjyvkyfom;BuD;jzpfaMumif;udk OD;b[laom emrfaemuf&Sd rSm 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh rSm 0dbwfonf jzpfol udk jyaom uwåm;0dbwf jzpfonf/

(3) armifrsdK;jrifh onf pmMunfhcef;xJü&Sdonf/

Page 33: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

þ0gusü pmMunfhcef;xJü &SdolrSm armifrs d K;jrif h jzpfonf/ armifrsdK;jrifh onf pmMunhfcef;xJü&SdaMumif;udk armifrs d K;jrif h [laom emrfaemuf&Sd onf 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh onf 0dbwfonf &S dol udk jyaom uwåm;0dbwf jzpfonf/

(c) uH0dbwf / / tjyKcH&ol jzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf uH0dbwf jzpfonf/q&mu armifrsdK;jrifh ud k csD;rGrf;onf/þ0gusü tcsD;rGrf;cH&olrSm armifrs d K;jrif h jzpfonf/ armifrsdK;jrifh tcsD;rGrf;cH&ol jzpfaMumif;udk armifrs d K;jrif h [laom emrfaemuf&Sd ud k 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh ud k 0dbwfonf tjyKcH&ol ukd jyaom uH0dbwf jzpfonf/

(*) xGufcGm&mjy0dbwf / / xGufcGm&mae&mjzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf xGufcGm&mjy 0dbwf jzpfonf/(1) armifrsdK;jrifhonf rEÅav;rS jyefvmonf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh xGufcGm&mae&mrSm rEÅav; jzpfonf/ rEÅav; onf armifrsdK;jrifh xGufcGm&mae&m jzpfaMumif;udk rEÅav; [laom emrfaemuf&Sd rS 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh rS 0dbwfonf xGufcGm&mjy0dbwf jzpfonf/

(2) armifrsdK;jrifhonf rEÅav; u jyefvmonf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh xGufcGm&mae&mrSm rEÅav; jzpfonf/ rEÅav; onf armifrsdK;jrifh xGufcGm&m ae&m jzpfaMumif;udk rEÅav; [laom emrfaemuf&Sd u 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh u 0dbwfonf xGufcGm&mjy0dbwf jzpfonf/

(C) a&S;½I&mjy0dbwf / / a&S;½I&mae&m jzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf a&S;½I&mjy0dbwf jzpfonf/armifrsdK;jrifhonf ausmif;od kU oGm;onf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh a&S;½IoGm;aom ae&mrSm ausmif; jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;onf armifrsdK;jrifh a&S;½IoGm;aom ae&mjzpfaMumif;udk ausmif;[laom emrfaemuf&Sd od kU 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh od kU 0dbwfonf a&S;½I&mjy0dbwf jzpfonf/

(i) qdkufa&muf&mjy0dbwf / / qdkufa&muf&m ae&mESihf tcsdefudk jyaom 0dbwfonf qdkufa&muf&mjy 0dbwf jzpfonf/ (1) armifrsdK;jrifhonf nae (5)em&DwGif tdrf odkU jyefa&mufonf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh jyefa&mufaom ae&mrSm tdrf jzpfonf/ tdrfonf armifrsdK;jrifh a&muf&Sd&m ae&m jzpfaMumif;udk tdrf [laom emrfaemuf&Sd od kU 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh od kU onf qdkufa&muf&m jy0dbwf jzpfonf/

Page 34: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(2) armifrsdK;jrifhonf n(7)em&DrS n(12)em&D txd pmzwfonf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh rnfhonfh tcsdefxd pmzwfaMumif;udk azmfjyxm; onf/ armifrsdK;jrifh n(12)em&D wdkifatmif pmzwfavh&SdaMumif; udk (12)em&D [laom emrfaemuf&Sd txd 0dbwfujyonf/ xdkUaMumifh txd onf qdkufa&mufjy 0dbwf jzpfonf/

(p) toHk;cHjy0dbwf / toHk;jyKcH&aomt&m jzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf toHk;cHjy0dbwf jzpfonf/(1) armifrsdK;jrifhonf acG;udk wkwf jzif h ½dkufonf/þ0gusü wkwf onf acG;udk ½dkuf&mü toHk;jyKaom t&mjzpfonf/ wkwf onf armifrsdK;jrifh toHk;jyKcH&aom t&mjzpfaMumif;udk wkwf [laom emrfaemuf&Sd jzifh 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh jzif h 0dbwfonf toHk;jyKcH&aomt&mudk jyaom toHk;cHjy0dbwf jzpfonf/

(2) armifrsdK;jrifhonf acG;udk wkwfESif h ½dkufonf/þ0gusü wkwf onf acG;udk ½dkuf&mü toHk;jyKaom t&m jzpfonf/ wkwf onf armifrsdK;jrifh toHk;jyKcH&aom t&mjzpfaMumif;udk wkwf [laom emrfaemuf&Sd ESifh 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh ESif h 0dbwfonf toHk;jyKcH&aom t&m udk jyaom toHk;cH jy0dbwf jzpfonf/rSwfcsuf/ / ]]ESif h }} ud k toHk;cHjy 0dbwftjzpf toHk;jyK&mü Bud,mESif h uyfvsuf xm;&onf/

(q) taMumif;jy 0dbwf / / wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfysuf&onfh taMumif;&if;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf taMumif;jy0dbwf jzpfonf/pyg;yifwkdUonf ydk; aMumif h ysuf\/þ0gusü pyg;yifysuf&onfh taMumif;&if;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ pyg; yifwdkU ysuf&onfh taMumif;&if;rSm yd k; jzpfonf/ yd k; onf pyg;yifwkdU ysuf&onfh taMumif;&if; jzpfonfudk ,if; yd k; [laom emrfaemuf&Sd aMumif h 0dbwfu jyonf/ odkUjzpfí aMumifhonf taMumif;jy 0dbwf jzpfonf/

(Z) vufcHjy0dbwf / / vufcHol jzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf vufcHjy0dbwf jzpfonf/ armifrsdK;jrifhonf pmtkyfudk q&mtm; ay;onf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh ay;aom pmtkyfudk vufcHolrSm q&m jzpf onf/ q&monf pmtkyfvufcHoljzpfaMumif;udk q&m [laom emrf aemuf&Sd tm; 0dbwfu jyonf/

Page 35: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

xdkUaMumifh tm; 0dbwfonf vufcH oludk jyaom vufcHjy0dbwf jzpfonf/

(ps) ae&mjy0dbwf / /wnf&Sd&m ae&m jzpfaMumif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf ae&mjy0dbwf jzpfonf/armifrsdK;jrifh\ aetdrfonf&efukefjrdKU ü &Sdonf/þ0gusü armifrsdK;jrifh\tdrf wnf&Sdaom ae&mrSm &efukefjrd KU jzpf onf/ &efukefjrdKUonf armifrsdK;jrifh\tdrf wnf&Sdaomae&mjzpfaMumif; udk &efukefjrd KU [laom emrfaemuf&Sd ü 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh ü 0dbwfonf ae&mjy 0dbwf jzpfonf/

(n) tcs defjy 0dbwf / / tcsdefudk jyaom 0dbwfonf tcs defjy 0dbwf jzpfonf/opf&Gufrsm;onf waygif;v ü a<uonf/

þ0gusü opf&Gufrsm; a<ucsdefrSm waygif;v jzpfonf/ waygif;vonf opf&Guf a<ucsdef jzpfaMumif;udk waygif;v [laom emrfaemuf&Sd ü 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh ü 0dbwfonf tcs defjy 0dbwf jzpfonf/

(#) yd kifqk difjcif; jy0dbwf / / ydkifqdkifjcif;udk jyaom 0dbwfonf yd kifqd kif jcif; jy0dbwf jzpfonf/þpufbD;onf armifrsdK;jrifh\ pufbD;jzpfonf/þ0gusü pufbD;onf armifrsdK;jrifh ydkifqkdifaom t&m jzpfonf/ pufbD;onf armifrsdK;jrifh ydkifqkdifaom t&m jzpfaMumif;udk armifrds K;jrif h [laom emrfaemuf&Sd \ 0dbwfu jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh \ 0dbwfonf yd kifjcif;jy 0dbwf jzpfonf/

Bud,m0dbwf38/ Bud,m\ aemufü wnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvESifh trsdK;tpm; udk a0zef ydkif;jcm; jyaom pum;vHk;udk Bud,m0dbwf [k ac:onf/

39/ Bud,m0dbwf (2) rsdK; &Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-(u) umvjy Bud,m0dbwf(c) trsdK;tpm;jy Bud,m 0dbwf wdkUjzpfMuonf/(umvjy Bud,m 0dbwfudk þtwGJ (1)? tcef;(2)ü azmfjyrnf/ trsdK; tpm;jy Bud,m 0dbwfudkrl twGJ(1)? tcef; (3)ü qufvuf azmfjyrnf/

40/ umvjyBud,m0dbwf / / Bud,m\ jyKjcif;? jzpfjcif;? &Sdjcif;ESifh pyfqdkifonfh tcsdefudk azmfjyaom 0dbwfudk umvjy Bud,m0dbwf [k ac:onf/

Page 36: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

41/ umvjy Bud,m0dbwfudk (3)rsdK;cGJonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-(u) ypöKyÜefjy Bud,m0dbwf(c) twdwfumvjy Bud,m0dbwf(*) tem*wf umvjy Bud,m0dbwf wkdUjzpfMuonf/

42/ (u) yp öKyÜKef umvjy Bud,m0dbwf / / Bud,m\ jyKqJ? jzpfqJ? &SdqJ umvudk azmfjyaom 0dbwfudk yp öKyÜefumvjy Bud,m0dbwf [kac:onf/om"u/ / onf? \? NyD/aEG&moD a&muf NyD/OMowGefoHrsm;udk Mum;& onf^\ /

(c) twdwfumvjy Bud,m0dbwf / / Bud,m\ jyKNyD;? jzpfNyD;? &SdNyD; umvudk azmfjyaom 0dbwfudk twdwf umvjyBud,m 0dbwf[k ac:onf/om"u/ / onf? \? NyD/0efBuD; ya'o&mZmonf oHvsifjrdKUü uG,fvGef onf^\^NyD/

(*) tem*wfumvjy Bud,m 0dbwf / / Bud,m\ jyKvwåHY? jzpfvwåHY? &SdvwåHY umvudk azmfjyaom 0dbwfudk tem*wf umvjy Bud,m0dbwf [k ac:onf/om"u/ / rnf? vdrfhrnf? tHh? vwåHY/trsm;tusdK;aqmifvQif udk,ftusdK;atmif rnf^vdrf hrnf^ tHh^vwåH Y /

avhusif hcef;/

1/ 0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ 0dbwf(5)ckudk a&;yg/2/ uwåm;0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ uwåm;0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/3/ uH0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ uH0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/4/ vufcHjy0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ vufcHjy0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/5/ toHk;cHjy0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ toHk;cHjy0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/6/ xGufcGm&mjy0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ xGufcGm&mjy 0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/7/ a&S;½I&mjy0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ a&S;½I&mjy 0dbwfudk a&;yg/8/ ae&mjy0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ ae&mjy0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/9/ tcsdefjy0dbwfqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tcsdefjy0dbwfrsm;udk a&;yg/

10/ 0gusESifh ,SOfwGJ azmfjyxm;onfh 0dbwfrsm;rS qDavsmfaom 0dbwf udk

Page 37: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

a&G;íuGufvyfwGif jznfhyg/(u) ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; ............... rdefUcGef;ajymonf/ (u^rS)(c) q&monf ausmif;om;rsm; ............... qHk;ronf/ (tm;^udk)(*) tpDtpOfwpft& obmywdBuD; ............... tzGifhrdefUcGef;ajymMum; &ef yefMum;ygonf/ (tm;^u)(C) olonf armifb ............... wkwfjzifh ½dkufonf/ (tm;^udk)

11/ atmufyg0dbwfwpfckpDudk toHk;jyKí 0guszGJUyg/rS? u? tm;? udk? jzifh? \? ü? rSm/

12/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd rsOf;om;xm;aom emrf0dbwf toD;oD;\ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/(u) armifvSonf ausmif;om;jzpfonf/(c) r0dkif;onf tdrfrS ausmif;odkU oGm;onf/(*) armifjrifhu acG;udk wkwfjzifh ½dkufonf/(C) wevFmaeUwGif ausmif;ü oefU&Sif;a&; vkyfMurnf/(i) þar;cGef;udk rajzwwfvQif q&mtm; ar;&ef 0efrav;ygESifh/

13/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd rsOf;om;xm;aom Bud,m 0dbwftoD;oD;\ trsdK;trnfudk a&;yg/(u) pifa&mfiSufi,frsm;onf avü ysH0JaeMuonf/(c) olrEÅav;rS raeUu jyefa&mufNyD/(*) raeUu rdk;onf;xefpGm &Gm\/(C) ausmif;om;tm;vHk;u q&mrudk cspfMu\/(i) ykyÜm;awmifonf a&S;tcgu rD;awmifjzpfcJhzl;onf/

(p) taronf om;BuD;zdkU o&ufoD; 0,fvmonf/(q) uRefawmftdrfü vmrnfh we*FaEGaeUwGif tvSLvkyfrnf/(Z) OD;zdk;xl;onf yxr urÇmhppftwGif;u rEÅav;jrdKUü ausmif;tkyfBuD; jzpfonf/(ps) uRefr\ tbdk;onf ,aeU touf(80)jynfhNyD/(n) uRefawmf reufjzef qufquf vmygrnf/

orÁE¨

orÁE¨

Page 38: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

43/ yk'ftcsif;csif;udk jzpfap? 0gustcsif;csif;udk jzpfap? t"dyÜm,f tcsif;csif;udk jzpfap qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;udk orÁE¨ [kac:onf/

44/ orÁE¨ (3)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-(u) yk'fquforÁE¨(c) 0gusquforÁE¨(*) t"dyÜm,forÁE¨ wdkUjzpfMuonf/

45/ (u) yk'fquforÁE¨ / / yk'ftcsif;csif;qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;udk yk'fquforÁE¨ [kac:onf/om"u/ / ESifh? odkUr[kwf? a&m........a&m? jzpfap........jzpfap/(1) armifyk ESih f rpk wdkUonf oli,frsm;jzpfMuonf/þ0guswGif armifyk? rpk wdkUonf emrfyk'frsm; jzpfMuonf tqdkyg emrfyk'f(2)ckudk ESif h [laom orÁE¨u qufpyfay;onf/ xdkUaMumifh ESif h onf yk'ftcsif;csif; qufpyfay;aom yk'fquf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/(2) ESif;qDyef;? odkUr[kwf pHy,fyef;udk 0,fcJhyg/þ0guswGif ESif;qDyef;? pHy,fyef; wdkUonf emrfyk'f rsm;jzpfMu onf/ tqdkygemrfyk'f(2)ckudk od kUr[kwf [laom orÁE¨ u qufpyf ay;onf/ xdkUaMumifh odkUr[kwfonf yk'ftcsif;csif; qufpyfay;aom yk'fquforÁE¨ jzpfonf/(3) rif;a&m iga&m oGm;Murnf/þ0gusü rif;? ig wkdUonf emrfpm;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ tqdkyg emrfpm; (2)ckudk a&m........a&m [laompum;vHk; ESpfcku qufpyf ay;onf/ xdkUaMumifh a&m.......a&m onf yk'ftcsif;csif;udk qufpyf ay;aom yk'fquforÁE¨ jzpfonf/

(c) 0gusquforÁE¨ / / 0gustcsif;csif;udk qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;udk 0gusquf orÁE¨ [kac:onf/om"u/ / aomaMumifh? aomtcg? omru....vnf;? aomfvnf;? í? uwnf;u? vQif/(1)(uu) armifykonf pmBudK;pm;onf/(cc) armifykonf pmar;yGJatmifonf/(**) armifykonf pmMudK;pm;aomaMumif h pmar;yGJ atmifonf/yxr0gusESifh 'kwd, 0guswdkUonf oD;jcm;0gusrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdk0gus(2)ckudk aomaMumif h [laom orÁ¨E¨ jzifhqufpyfEdkifonf/ xdktcg wwd,0gusjzpfvmonf/ odkUjzpfí aomaMumif h onf 0gustcsif;csif;udk qufpyfay;aom 0gusquf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

(2) (uu) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfonf/

Page 39: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(cc) armifykonf puf½Hkü vkyftm;ay;rnf/(**) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfaomtcg armifykonf puf½Hkü vkyftm;ay;rnf/yxr0gusESifh 'kwd, 0guswdkUonf oD;jcm; 0gusrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdk0gus(2)udk aomtcg [laom orÁE¨ jzifh qufpyfEdkifonf/ xdktcg wwd,0gusjzpfvmonf/ odkUjzpfí aomtcg onf 0gus tcsif;csif;udk qufpyfay;aom 0gusquforÁE¨ jzpfonf/(3) (uu) armifykonf pmawmfonf/(cc) armifykonf tm;upm;awmfonf/(**) armifykonf pmawmfonf omru tm;upm;vnf; awmfonf/yxr 0gusESifh 'kwd, 0guswdkUonf oD;jcm;0gusrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdk0gus(2)ckudk omru.......vnf;

[laom orÁE¨ jzifh qufpyfEdkifonf/ xdktcg wwd,0gusjzpfvmonf/ odkUjzpfí omru....vnf; onf 0gustcsif;csif;udk qufpyfay;aom 0gusquf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

(*) t"dyÜm,fquforÁE¨ / /t"dyÜm,ftcsif;csif; qufpyfay;aom pum;vHk;udk t"dyÜm,fquf orÁE¨ [kac:onf/om"u/ / xdkUaMumifh? xdktcg? xdkUjyif........vnf;? xkdUaemuf? odkUaomfvnf;/(1)(uu) armifykonf pmBudK;pm;onf/(cc) armifykonf pmar;yGJatmifonf/(**) armifykonf pmBudK;pm;onf/ xdkUaMumif h armifykonf pmar; yGJatmifonf/yxr0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswkdUonf oD;jcm;0gus rsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdk0gus(2)ckwkdUonf xdkUaMumif h [laom orÁE¨ jzifh qufpyfEdkif onf/ xdktcg oD;jcm;&SdaeMuaom 0gus(2)wdkUonf t"dyÜm,ft& qufoG,frI&Sdvmonf/ odkUjzpfí xd kUaMumif h onf oD;jcm;0gus wkdUudk t"dyÜm,ft& qufpyfay;aom t"dyÜm,fquforÁE¨ jzpfonf/

(2) (uu) aEG&moDüausmif;ydwfonf/(cc) armifykonf puf½Hküvkyftm;ay;rnf/(**) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfonf/ xd ktcg armifykonf puf½Hkü vkyftm;ay;rnf/yxr0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswdkUonf oD;jcm;0gusrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdk0gus(2)ckudk xd ktcg [laom orÁE¨jzifh qufpyfEdkifonf/ xdktcg oD;jcm;&SdaeMuaom 0gus(2)wdkUonf t"dyÜm,ft& qufoG,frI&Sdvmonf/ odkUjzpfí xdktcgonf oD;jcm; 0gusrsm;udk t"dyÜm,ft& qufpyfay;aom t"dyÜm,fquf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

(3) (uu) armifykonf pmawmfonf/

Page 40: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(cc) armifykonf tm;upm;awmfonf/(**) armifykonf pmawmfonf/ xdkUjyif tm;upm;vnf;awmfonf/yxr0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswdkUonf oD;jcm;0gusrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xdk0gus(2)ckudk xd kUjyif ...........vnf; [laom orÁE¨jzifh qufpyfEdkifonf/ xdktcg oD;jcm; &SdaeMuaom 0gus(2)ckwdkUonf t"dyÜm,ft& qufoG,frI &Sdvmonf/ odkUjzpfí xk dUjyif ......vnf; onfoD;jcm; 0gusrsm;udk t"dyÜm,ft& qufpyfay;aom t"dyÜm,fquf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ orÁE¨ qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/2/ yk'fquf orÁE¨ qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ yk'fquforÁE¨(3)ckudk a&;yg/3/ 0gusquf orÁE¨ qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ 0gusquf orÁE¨ (3)ckudka&;yg/ 4/ t"dyÜm,fquf orÁE¨qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ t"dyÜm,fquf orÁE¨ (3)ckudk a&;yg/

5/ atmufyg0gusrsm;&Sd orÁE¨wdkU\ trsdK;trnf udka&;yg/(u) cifAsm; ESifh uRefawmf ,aeUnae awGU&OD;r,f/(c) oZifyef;jzpfap? pHy,fyef;jzpfap 0,fcJhyg/(*) rif;a&m iga&m twlwl oGm;Murnf/(C) rdk;&GmvQif a&csdK;rnf/(i) armifaZmfonf pmawmfonf/ xdkUjyif tm;upm; vnf;awmf onf/(p) armifatmifonf zsm;aeaomfvnf; ausmif;wufonf/(q) armifzdk;wkwfonf tvGef tpm;aumif;aomaMumifh 0jzdK;aeonf/(Z) eHeuf? odkUr[kwf nae a&mufatmif qufquf vmcJhapcsif ygonf/

(ps) OD;b vufoD;vufarmif;wef;í ajymvdkufonf/ xdktcg y&dowfu Mobmay;onf/(n) rdk;usaomtcg v,form;wdkUonf v,fawmodkU qif;Muonf/

6/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom orÁE´ udk jznfhyg/(u) oHk; ......... oHk;aygif;vQifajcmuf&onf/(c) rdk;&Gm ......... olvmEkdifrnf;r[kwf/(*) olonf csrf;om ......... rusef;rmyg/(C) þtoD;onf teHU ......... t&om .........aumif;onf/(i) udwfrkefU ......... rkefU[if;cg; ......... pm;rnf/

Page 41: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

7/ ,SOfwGJ azmfjyxm;aom orÁE´ rsm;rS qDavsmfaom orÁE¨ wpfckudk a&G;í 0gus tpHkudk a&;om;yg/(u) (1) uRefawmftpfr aeaumif;onf/(2) uRefawmf tpfr zsm;aeonf/(aomfvnf;? odkUr[kwf? omru....vnf;)

(c)(1) olonf o&ufoD;udk MudKufonf/(2) olonf vdar®mfudk MudKufonf/(omru.......vnf;? xdkUaMumifh? vsif)

(*)(1) qdwfuav;rsm; jrufpm;aeMuonf/(2) EGm;uav;rsm; jrufpm;aeMuonf/ (aomfvnf;?í omru.......vnf;)

(C) (1) uRefawmf tjref ajy;oGm;ygonf/(2) uRefawmf rD;&xm;rrDvdkufyg/ (aomaMumifh? aomfvnf;? vsif)

(i) (1) aEGOD;aygufcsdef jzpfygonf/(2) opf&Gufuav;rsm; xGufpjyKaeygjyD/ (omru.........vnf;? í? ESifh)

(p) (1) olaps;odkU oGm;onf/(2) rdk;pJoGm;ygjyD/ (aomfvnf;? odkUr[kwf? aomtcg)

(q) (1) tar tdrfrSm&Sdygonf/(2) taztdrfrSm&Sdygonf/ (a&m........a&m? aomfvnf;? odkUaomfvnf;)

(Z) (1) &kyf&Sif vufrSwf ukefoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/(2) uRefawmfwdkU &kyf&SifvufrSwfudk MudKwif 0,fxm;rS jzpfrnf/ (ESifh? odkUr[kwf? xkdUaMumifh)

(ps) (1) armifaZmfonf tdrfa&SUwGif&Sdrnf/(2) armifaZmfonf rD;zdkxJwGif &Sdrnf/ (vQif? aomaMumifh? jzpfap........jzpfap)

(n) (1) tar eHeufapmapm aps;oGm;onf/(2) taztdyfaeonf/ (aomtcg? ESifh? a&m.......a&m)

8/ atmufyg orÁ'¨ toD;oD;udk 0guswGif oHk;jyyg/ESifh? odkU&mwGif? aomtcg/

Page 42: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

emrfyp önf;

emrfyp önf;46/ emrf? emrfpm;wdkU\ t"dyÜm,fudk xl;jcm;av;eufatmif ulnDaxuf yHhonfh pum;vHk;udk emrfyp önf; [kac:onf/

47/ emrfypönf; trsdK;rsdK; &Sdonff/ tqdkyg emrfypönf; trsdK;rsdK;wGif atmufyg emrfypönf; (3)rsdK; yg0ifonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-(u) rsdK;jyypönf;(c) vdifñTeff;ypönf;(*) udef;ñTef;ypönf; wdkUjzpfMuonf/

48/ (u) rsdK;jyypönf;/ / ouf&SdouffrJhwdkU\ yHkoP²ef trsdK;tpm; tvdkuf ocFsmyk'frsm;ESifh wGJí oHk;aom ypönf;udk rsdK;jyypönf; [kac: onf/

om"u/ / emrf ocFsm rsdK;jyypönf;

ig; rkefUpum;pmbk&m;vHkcsnffopfbkef;BuD;vl"m;

wpf wpfwpfwpfwpfwpfwpfwpfwpfwpf

aumif ckcGef;apmifqlxnfyifyg;a,mufvuf

(1) aumif / / ydk;rTm; wd&dpämefrsm;twGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / yifhulwpfaumif? acG;wpfaumif? qifwpfaumif? iSufwpfaumif/

(2) ck / / t&m0w¬K tcsdKU twGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / cJwH cRefpufwpfck? cJzsufwpfck? jyu©'defwpfck?

(3) cGef;/ / ajympum;twGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / pum;ESpfcGef;? pum;ig;cGef;/

Page 43: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(4) apmif / / pmtkyf? pmwrf;rsm;twGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / pmwpfapmif? usrf;wpfapmif? "r®owfwpfapmif/

(5) ql / / &Sdcdk;ylaZmfxdkufaom? ½dkaoav;pm;xdkufaom yk*¾dKvf? t&m0w¬KwdkUtwGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / bk&m;wpfql? apwDwpfql? usrf;wpfql? yk&ydkuf wpfql/

(6) xnf / / t0wftxnfwdkUtwGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / vHkcsnfwpfxnf? wbufwpfxnf? apmifwpfxnf/

(7) yg; / rGefjrwfaom t&m0w¬K? ½dkaoav;pm;ylaZmfxdkufaom? yk*¾dKvfESifh taxGaxGtjym;jym;&Sdaom t&m0w¬K wdkUtwGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / &wemoHk;yg;? &[ef;wpfyg;? jrdKUt*Fgav;yg;? prkefrsdK;ig;yg;/

(8) a,muf / / vlwdkUtwGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / vlESpfa,muf? a,musfm;oHk;a,muf? rdef;uav; q,fa,muf/

(9) vuf / / t&m0w¬K tcsdKUtwGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / "m;wpfvuf? a,musfm;oHk;a,muf? rdef;uav; q,fa,muf/

(10) zH k / / rsm;aomtm;jzifh jrefrmwdkif;&if;aq;rsm;twGuf oHk;onf/om"u/ / aq;wpfzHk? vsufqm;wpfzHk/

(c) vdifñTef;yp önf; / / tzdktr obm0udk azmfjyonfh ypönf;udk vdifñTef;yp önf; [kac:onff/tcsdKUaom emrfrsm;\ aemufüvnf;aumif;? a&SUüvnf;aumif;? vdifñTef;ypönf;rsm;udk aygif;pyfEdkifonf/ xdkUodkU aygif;pyfEdkifaom vdifñTef;ypönf;wdkUudkvdkufí tqdkyg emrfwdkUudk ]]ykv’dif}} [kvnf;aumif;? ]]£w¬dvdif[kvnf;aumif; cGJjcm;onf/vdifñTef;ypönf; (2)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm ykvd’difypönf;ESifh £wd¬vdifñTef; ypönf;wkdUjzpfMuonf/

(1) ykvd ’ifñTef;yp önf; / / tzdkobm0udk azmfjyaom vdifñTef; ypönf;udk ykvd ’ifyp önf; [kac:onff/om"u/ / om;? xD;? z? zdk? armif? udk? zdk;? OD;/

Page 44: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(2) £wd¬vdifñTef;yp önf; / / trobm0udk azmfjyaom vdifñTef;ypönf;udk £wd¬vdifñTef; ypönf;[kac:onf/om"u/ / ol? r? rd? r,f? a':/om;ESifhol/ / om; [laom vdifñTef;ypönf;onf tzdkobm0udk azmfjyonff/ol [laom vdifñTef;ypönf;onf trobm0udk azmfjyonf/

emrfykvd’if £wd¬vdif+om; +ol

ausmif; awm&Gmtnm

ausmif;om; awmom;&Gmom;tnmom;

ausmif;ol awmol&Gmoltnmol

xD;ESih fr / / xD;[laom vdifñTef;ypönf;onf tzdkobm0udk azmfjyonff/r [laom vdifñTef; ypönf;onf trobm0udk azmfjyonf/

emrfykvd’if £wd¬vdif+xD; +r

EGm; acG;jrif;aMumiff

EGm;r acG;xD;jrif;xD;aMumifxD;

EGm;r acG;rjrif;raMumifr

zd kESih fr / / zdk[laom vdifñTef;ypönf;onf tzdkobm0udk azmfjyonff/r [laom vdifñTef; ypönf;onf trobm0udk azmfjyonf/

emrfykvd’if £wd¬vdif+xD; +r

'&,f a>rief;0wfqHxef;

'&,fzdk a>rxD;ief;xD;0wfqHxD;xef;xD;

'&,fr a>rrief;r0wfqHrxef;r

r / / r [laom vdifñTef;ypönf;onf tcsdKU ykvd’if emrfwdkUESifh aygif;pyfNyD; tr obm0udk azmfjyonfff/

Page 45: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

ykvd’if (emrf)

£wd¬vdif+r

wl nDq&mbk&if

wlr nDrq&mrbk&ifr

armif?ud k?zd k;?OD;ESif h r?rd?r,f?a': / / armif? ud k? zk d;? OD; [laom vdifñTef;ypönf;wdkUonf tzdkobm0udk azmfjyonff/r? rd? r,f? a': [laom vdifnTef;ypönf; wdkUonf trobm0udk azmfjyonf/

emr ykvd’if £wd¬vdifjrodef; wifjrifhat;a&T

rsdK;jrifh

armifjrodef; udkwifjrifhzdk;at;a&T

OD;rsdK;jrifh

rjrodef; rwifjrifhrdat;a&Tr,fat;a&Ta':rsdK;jrifh

udef;ñTef; yp önf; / / emrf? emrfpm;wkdU\ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf udk ydkaMumif;udk ñTefjyaom ypönf;udk udef;ñTef;yp önf; [k ac:onf/(1) (uu) vluav; upm;aeonf/

(cc) vluav;rsm; upm;aeMuonff/yxr0gus&Sd vluav; onf ta&twGuf wpfckom&Sdaom emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd, 0gus&Sd vluav;rsm;onf ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaom emrfjzpfonf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaMumif;udk rsm; [laom pum;vHk;u ñTefjyonf/ xdkUaMumifh rsm; onf emrfyk'f ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaMumif;udk ñTefjyaom udef;ñTef; yp önf; jzpfonf/

2/ (uu) olonfvdr®monf/(cc) olwd kU onf vdr®mMuonf/yxr0gus&Sd olonf ta&twGuf wpfckom &Sdaom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ 'kwd, 0gus&Sd olwd kU onff ta&twGuf wpfckxufydk aom emrfpm;jzpfonf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ykdaMumif;udk wd kU [laom pum;vHk;u ñTefjyonf/ xdkUaMumifh wd kU onf emrfpm; ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ydkaMumif;udk ñTefjyaom udef;ñTef;ypönf; jzpfonf/

49/ (u) rsm; / / wpfckxuf ydkaom ta&twGufudk azmfjy&müoHk; onf/

Page 46: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

om"u/ / (1) trSnhfvGefaom o&ufoD;? ydEéJoD;? oabFmoD; rsm;udk rpm;ESifh/ (2) 0rf;El;pmrsm;udk rpm;ESifh/ (3) oufBuD;&G,ftdkESifh uav;oli,frsm;udk apmifha&Smufyg/ (4) tm;enf;olrsm;udk ulnDapmifha&Smufyg/

(c) wdkU / /(1) wpfckxuf ydkaom ta&twGufudk azmfjy&mü oHk;onf/om"u/ /(uu) trSnhfvGefaom o&ufoD;? ydEéJoD;? oabFmoD;wk dUudk rpm;ygESifh/

(cc) 0rf;El;pmwk dU udk rpm;ygESiffh/ (**) oufBuD;&G,ftdkESihf uav;oli,fwd kU udk apmifha&Smufyg/ (CC) tm;enf;olwkdU udk ulnD apmifha&Smufyg/

(2) wpfckxuf ydkaom ta&twGufudk udef;*Pef;jzifh twdtus azmfjy &mü &Hzef&Hcg oHk;avh&Sdonf/om"u/ /(uu)ausmif;om;oli,f(500) wdkU onf puf½Hkü vkyftm; ay;Muonf/ (cc) vl&nfcRef ausmif;om;(200)wd kUonf iyvD tyefajz pcef;odkU xGufcGm oGm;Muonf/ (**) ig;bmom *kPfxl;&aom ausmif;om;ig;a,mufwkdUudk ausmif; tkyfq&mBuD;u qk csD;`r§ifh onf/ (CC) xdkolESpfa,mufwd kUwGif rnfolu tpfudkBuD; jzpfoenf/ (ii) wyfrawmfom ig;&mwkdUonf v,f,mOD;BuD;rsm;ESifhtwl a&T0gajr ppfqifa&;ü yg0ifqifEGJMuonf/

(3) yk*¾vemrfpm;rsm;\ trsm;udef;udk azmfjy&müoHk;onff/om"u/ /(uu) uREfkyfwd kU\ vufOD;q&mum; rdbESpffyg; wnf;/ (cc) igwd kUonf tem*wf\ om;aumif;&wemrsm;jzpfMu&rnf/ (**) rif;wd kU wm0efudk rvpf[if;ygapESifh/

(CC) olwkdU uJhodkU vl&nfcRef vl&nfrGef rsm; jzpfatmif BudK;pm; oifhonff/ (ii) uRefrwk dU armifESr av;a,mufpvHk; vkyftm;ay;Muygrnf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ emrfypönf; qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

Page 47: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

2/ rsdK;jyypönf; qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;/3/ vdifñTef; ypönf;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ vdifñTef;ypönf;(5)ckudk a&;yg/4/ udef;ñTef; ypönf;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/ udeff;ñTef;ypönf; (5)ckudk a&;yg/5/ atmufyg uGufvyf toD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom emrfypönf;udk jznhfyg/

(u) tdk;wpf.........(c) zsmwpf..........(*) vSHwpf...........(C) vlwpf..........(i) acG;wpf..........

(p)ausmif;om;ausmif;.......... (q) EGm;..........EGm;r(Z) &Gmol&Gm..........(ps) OD;bxGm;ESifh ZeD; ...........olZm(n) trSnfhvGefaom toD; ..........udk rpm;ygESifh/

6/ rsOf;om;xm;aom emrfypönf; toD;oD;\ trnfudk a&;yg/(u) pum;wpfcGef;(c) tkef;oD;wpfcdkif(*) apwDoHk;ql(C) ausmif;om;ausmif;ol(i) aMumifxD;ESifh aMumifr(p) jrpfrsm;? acsmif;rsm;

(q) armifodef;ESifh r0if;/(Z) r,fat;at;ESifh rda&T/(ps) rif;wdkU ? igwdkU /(n) xef;zd k ? xef;r/

7/ ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;aom emrfypönf;rS qDavsmfaom emrfypönf;udk a&G;í uGufyfwGif jznfhyg/(u)uRefawmf cJwHqpf.........udk aps;u 0,fcJhygonf/ (acsmif;?ck)(c)uREkfyf ...........onf jrefrmEdkifiHESifh wdkif;&if;om;vkyfom;jynfolwdkU tay: opöm&Sdygrnf/ (rsm;?wdkU)(*) armifa&cJaMumifhukvm;xdkifwpf.........usdK;oGm;onf/ (acsmif;?vHk;)(C) oli,fcsif;u uRefawmftm; pmtkyfwpf........udkvufaqmifay;ygonf/(tkyf?ck)

Page 48: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(i)xef;yifwGif xef;r &dSouJhodkU xef; .........vnf;&dSygonf/ (xD;?zdk)

tmar!dwf

tmar!dwf

50/ xdwfvefUjcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? tHhMojcif;onfh wpfpHkwpfckaom taMumif;aMumifh jyif;jyif;xefxef pdwfvIyf&SSm;um EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom toHudk tmar!dwf [k ac:onf/

om"u/ / (1) ]]tr,fav;.........ajrGMuD;?ajrGMuD;}} ]]olcdk; ..........olcdk;}}

xdktoHwdkU onf xdwfvefUaMumuf&THU ojzifh EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm;jzpfonf/

(2) ]]EdkifjyDa[h EdkifjyD}} ]]aumif;uGm.............odyfaumif;}}

xdktoHwdkU onf wpfpHkwpf&mudk ESpfouf 0rf;ajrmufojzifh EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm; jzpfMuonf/

(3) ]]tHHha&m..........{&mrMuD;yJ}} ]]MunfhMunfh.........rdk;ay:wufoGm;jyD}}

xdkUtoHwdkU onf wpfpHkwpf&mudk awGUjrifh tHHhMoojzifh EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm; jzpfMuonf/

(4) ]][Jh[Jh.........vJr,f?vJr,f}} ]]um;vmw,f...........&yf?&yf}}

xdktoHwdkU onf wpfpHkwpfa,muftwGuf pdk;&drfaMumifhMuojzifh EIwfrS½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm; jzpfMuonf/

(5) ]]w,f......igvkyfvdkuf&}} ]]vdkuf[............vdkuf[? ½dkuf...........½dkuf}}

xdktoHwdkU onf wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk pdwfqdk;ojzifh EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm;jzpfMuonf/

(6) ]]tm;........i½kwfoD; pyfvdkufwm}} ]][if...........w,fnHhwmudk;}}

Page 49: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

xdktoHwdkU onf wpfpHkwpf&mudk rESpfoufojzifh EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm;jzpfMuonf/

(7) ]]ay;prf;..............ay;prf;}} ]]jrefjref...........jrefjref}}

xdktoHwdkU onf tvsifpvdk jyKrlajymqdkaomtcg EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom tmar!dwf rsm;jzpfMuonf/

(*) atmf.............jzpfrSjzpf&av}} ]][,f.........ighazmifwdefav; usdK;oGm;jyD}}

xdkUtoHwdkU onf wpfpHkwpfa,muf? wpfpHkwpfcktwGuf 0rf;enf;ojzifh EIwfrS ½kwfw&uf xGufay: vmaom tmar!dwf rsm;jzpfMuonf/

avhusif hcef;

1/atmufygtmar!dwfwdkUonf rnfodkUaom pdwf&Sm;rIaMumifh jzpfay:vmoenf;/(u)[,f.........oem;ygw,f/(c)[m.........ydkifwmyJ/(*)[if;..............oif;awmhvm;?vmayhaptHk;/

(C)tr,fav;.......u,fMuygAsdKU/(i)tvdk........bmoHygvdrfh/(p)rD;........rD;...../(q)atmifjyD.........atmifjyD;/(Z)cg;ydkufEdIufa[h........cg;ydkufEIduf............zrf;.........zrf;/(ps)[dkuf.............azmifwdefygoGm;jyD/(n)jrefjrefvm.......jrefjrefvm...........&xm;xGufaejyD/

2/atmufyguGufvyfwdkUudk qDavsmfatmifjznfhyg/(u)tm;........./(c)[m........../(*)a[ha[h........./(i)w,f............../(p).........ol ao&SmjyDudk;/(q)........owdxm;?owdxm;/

Page 50: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(Z).........vdkuf[?vdkuf[/(ps).........[kwf&JUvm;/(n).........[dkrSmawGUjyD/

pum;vH k;? yk'f? yk'fpk

pum;vH k;

51/ teuft"dy¾m,fukd azmfjyEdkifaom pum; tpdwftydkif; toD;oD;udk pum;vHk; [k ac:onf/

52/ pum;vHk;(2)rsdK;&dSonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-

(u) oD;jcm; pum;vHk; (c) tul pum;vHk; wdkU jzpfMuonf/

53/ (u) oD;jcm;pum;vHk;/ /tjcm; pum;vHk; wpfvHk; trSDrjyKbJ rdrdbmom teuft"dy¾m,fudk azmfaqmifEdkifaom pum;vHk;udk oD;jcm;pum;vH k; [kac:onf/

om"u/ / oGm;? vm? eD? jzL? aps;? ausmif;? ulnD? apmifhxdef;? pmtkyf? ausmufcJ? ausmufoifykef;? Muuf[if;cg;oD;/

(c) tulpum;vHk;/ /tjcm; pum;vHk;\ teuft"dy¾m,fudk ulnDazmfaqmifEdkifaom pum;vHk;udk tulpum;vHk; [k ac:onf/

om"u/ / odkU? rS? u? udk? tm;? ojzifh? onf? \? aomfvnf;/

yk'f

54/ oD;jcm; pum;vHk;udk vnf;aumif;? oD;jcm;pum;vHk; ESifh tul pum;vHk;wdkUudk wJGpyf xm;aom pum;vHk;wdkUudk vnf;aumif; yk'f [kac:onf/

om"u/ / oGm;? vm? eD? jzL? aps;? ausmif;? ulnD? apmifhxdef;? ausmufcJ? ausmufoifykef;? Muuf[if;cg;oD;? taumif;? aumif;rI? ½dkaopGm? w½dkwao? pm;p&m? tjref? cH,lcsuf? usef;rma&;? tqHk;tjzwf? q&monf? q&mudk? t&mtm;? oGm;onf? oGm;rnf/

Page 51: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

55/ yk'fudk(4)rsdK;cJGonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-

(u) yk'f½dk;(c) aygif;pyfyk'f (*) ypönf;a&myk'f(C) 0dbwfoG,fyk'f wdkUjzpfMuonf/

56/(u) yk'f½d k; / /0dbwf?ypönf; wpfckckra&mbJ teuft"dy¾m,f wpfckudk azmfjyEdkifí oD;jcm;&yfwnfEdkifaom pum;vHk;udk yk'f½d k;[kac:onf/

om"u/ /tdrf? pum;? oem;? uJh&JU? vdr¨m? crf;em;/

(c)aygif;pyfyk'f / /0dbwfypönf;? orÁwpfckckudk Mum;ürcHbJ oD;jcm; pum;vHk; (2)vHk; (3)vHk; ponfwdkUudk aygif;pyfzGJUpnf;xm;onfh yk'fudk aygif;pyfyk'f [kac:onf/

om"u/ /rD;&xm;(rD;+&xm;)? ukefwifum;(ukef+wif+um;)/ ckwfxpf(ckwf+xpf)? pm;aomuf(pm;+aomuf)? xl;cRef(xl;+cRef)? jzLpif(jzL+pif)/

(*)yp önf;a&myk'f / /oD;jcm;pum;vHk;wpfvHk;udk tulpum;vHk;wpfvHk;ESifh a&maESmjcif;jzifh teuft"dy¾m,fwpfck xGufvmaom yk'fudk yp önf;a&myk'f [k ac:onf/om"u/ /taumif;(t+aumif;)?aumif;rI(aumif;+rI)?½dkaopGm(½dkao+pGm)? w½dkwao(w+½dkw+ao)?pm;p&m(pm;+p&m)/

(C)0dbwfoG,fyk'f / /0dbwfwpfckckESifh qufoG,fxm;aom yk'fudk0dbwfoG,fyk'f[kac:onf/om"u/ /q&monf(q&m+onf)?raeUu(raeU+u)?um;jzifh(um;+jzifh)?vm\(vm+\)/

yk'fpk57/ yk'f(2)yk'f?(3)yk'f ponfwdkU\ tMum;ü 0dbwf?ypönf;? orÁE¨wpfckckudkxm;vsuf jzpfap?yk'f(2)yk'f?(3)yk'f ponfwdkU\ aemufüorÁEÁ(2)ck?(3)ck ponfwdkUudk xm;vsufjzpfap qufxm;aom yk'fudk yk'fpk [kac:onf/

58/ yk'fpkudk (3)rsdK;cJGonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-(u)0dbwfqufyk'fpk

Page 52: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(c)ypönf;qufyk'fpk(*)orÁE¨qufyk'fpk wdkUjzpfMuonf/

59/(u)0dbwfqufyk'fpk / /emrfESifhemrfwdkUudk jzpfap?emrfESifhemrfpm;wdkUudk jzpfap0dbwfjzifhqufxm;aom yk'fpkudk 0dbwfqufyk'fpk [kac:onf/om"u/ /OD;b\om;(ODD;b+\+om;)?rEÅav;u{nfonf(rEÅav;+u+{nfhonf)/

(c)yp önf;qufyk'fpk / /emr0daooeESifh emrfwdkUudkjzpfap?Mud,mESifhemrfwdkUudkjzpfap?emrfESifh emrfpm;wdkUudkjzpfap ypönf;jzifhqufxm;aom yk'fpkudk yp önf;qufyk'fpk [k ac:onf/om"u/ /vdr®maomarmifb(vdr®m+aom+armifb)?vmrnfh&uf(vm+rnfh+&uf)?olvdkvl(ol+vdk+vl)/

(*)orÁE¨qufyk'fpk / /emrfESifhemrfwdkUudkjzpfap?emrfESifh emrfpm;wdkUudkjzpfap?Mud,mESifh emrfwdkUudkjzpfap orÁE¨jzifh qufxm;aom yk'fpkudk orÁE¨qufyk'fpk [kac:onf/om"u/ /armifbESifh armifvS(armifb+ESifh+armifvS)?armifbjzpfap?uRefawmfjzpfap (armifb+jzpfap+uRefawmf+jzpfap+)? csdK;zdkUa&(csdK;+zdkU+a&)/

0gus

0gus

60/ qdkvdkonfh t"dyÜm,fa&mufatmif pepfwus pDpOfay;aom yk'ftpktaygif;udk 0gus [k ac:onf/ 0guswpfckwGif tenf;qHk; uwÅm;yk'fwpfckESifh Mud,myk'fwpfckyg0ifonf/

0gus½d k;

61/ uwÅm;yk'fwpfckESifh Mud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aom 0gusonf 0gus½d k; jzpfonf/

62/tenf;qHk; uwÅm;yk'fwpfckESifh Mud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom0gusudk tajccHvsuf oifhhavsmfaom yk'fwdkUudk jznfhpGufjyD;vQif 0gus½dk;trsdK;rsdK;zGJUEdkifonf/ atmufyg 0gus½dk;zGJUenf;trsdK;rsdK;wGif jznfhpGGufaom yk'frsm;udk pmvHk;rJjzifh jyxm;onf/

0gus½d k;zG JUenf;trsdK;rs d K;

63/(u)uwÅm;yk'f +Mud,myk'f

Page 53: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

ol + jyefvmonf/uwÅm;yk'fwpfckESifh Mud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;jzpfonf/ olonf jyKoljzpfaMumif;jyaom uwÅm;yk'fjzpfonf/ jyefvmonfonf uwÅm;\ jyKjcif;udk jyaom Mud,myk'fjzpfonf/

(c)uwÅm;yk'f + uwÅm;tjznfhyk'f + Mud,myk'farmifbonf + ausmif;om; + jzpfonf/ uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü ausmif;om; [laom yk'fwpfckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/ xdkyk'fonff uwåm;yk'f jzpfaom armifb rnfoljzpfaMumif;udk jznfhpGuf azmfjyonf/ xdkaMumifh ausmif;om;onf uwåm; tjznfhcHyk' f jzpffonff/

(*) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + Bud,myk'ffarmiffarmifonf + rdbudk + ulnDonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü rdb udk [laom yk'fwpfckudk jznfhpGuf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ rdbudk ü yg0ifaom udk 0dbwfonf armifarmif\ tultnD ay;jcif; udk cH&aom olwdkUrSm rdbrsm; jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh rdbudk onf uHyk'fjzpfonf/

(C) uwåm; + uHyk'f + uHtjznhfyk'f + Bud,m yk'farmifarmiffonf + a&Tudk + vufaumuf + vkyfonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü a&Tud k ESifh vufaumuf [laom yk'f(2)ck udk jznhfpGuffff zGJUpnf;xm;onf/a&Tud k ü yg0ifaom ud k 0dbwfonf armiffarmif\ `ykvkyfjcif;cH&aom t&mrSm a&T jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh a&T udk onf uHyk'f jzpfonf/uHyk'fjzpfaom a&Tud k rnfonfht&m `ykvkyfaMumif; vufaumuf [laom yk'fu jznfhpGufazmfjyonf/ xdkUaMumifh vufaumuf onf uHtjznfhyk'f jzpfonf/

(i) uwåm;yk'f + xGufcGm&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'farmifarmif + ausmif;rS + jyefvmonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü ausmif;rS [l aom yk'fwpfckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/ausmif;rS yg0ifaom rS 0dbwfonf armifarmif xGufcGm&m ae&mrSm ausmif; jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh ausmif;rS onf xGufcGm&m jyyk'f jzpfonf/

(p) uwåm;yk'f + a&S;½I&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'f

Page 54: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

armifarmifonf + tdrfodkU + jyefvmonff/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü tdrfok dU [l aom yk'fwpfckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/tdrfod kU üyg0ifaom odkU 0dbwfonf armifarmif a&S;½I&m ae&m rSm tdrf jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh tdrfod kU onf a&S;½I&mjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(q) uwåm;yk'f + qkdufa&muf&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'fawmifwuform;wdkUonf + awmifxdyftxd + wufMuonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü awmifxdyftxd [laom qdkufa&muf&mjyyk'f udk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf; xm; onf/awmifxdyftxd ü yg0ifaom txd 0dbwfonf awmifwuf orm;wdkU a&muf&Sd&mae&mrSm awmifxdyf jzpfaMumif; jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh awmif xdyftxdonf qdkufa&muf&mjyyk'f jzpfonff/

(Z) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + toHk;cH jyyk'f + Bud,myk'farmifarmifonf + q&mudk + pmtkyfjzifh + uefawmhonff/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü q&mudk ESifh pmtkyfjzif h [laom yk'f(2)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/q&mudk üyg0ifaom udk 0dbwfonf armifarmif\ uefawmhjcif; cH&ol rSm q&m jzpfaMumif; udk jyonf/pmtkyfjzif h üyg0ifaom jzif h 0dbwfonf armifarmif uefawmh&mü toHk; `ykaom ypönf;rSm pmtkyf jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/

xdkUaMumifh q&mudk onf uHyk'f jzpfí pmtkyfjzif h onf toHk;cHjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(ps) uwåm;yk'f + taMumif;jyyk'f + Bud,myk'fpyg;yifwkdUonf + ydk;aMumifh + ysufukef\/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü yd k;aMumif h [laom taMumif;jyyk'f udk jznfhpGuf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/yd k;aMumif h üyg0ifaom aMumif h 0dbwfonf pyg;yifwkdU ysuf&onfh taMumif;&if;rSm yd k; jzpfaMumif; jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh yd k;aMumif h onf taMumif;jyyk'f jzpfonf/

(n) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + vufcHjyyk'f + Bud,myk'farmifarmifonf + pmtkyfudk + q&mtm; + ay;onf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü pmtkyfud k ESifh q&mtm; [laom

Page 55: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

yk'f(2)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/pmtkyfud k üyg0ifaom ud k 0dbwfonf armifarmif\ ay;jcif; udk cH&aom t&mrSm pmtkyfjzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/q&mtm; üyg0ifaom tm;0dbwfonf pmtkyfudk vufcHolrSm q&m jzpfaMumif; jyonf/xdkUaMumifh pmtkyfud k onf uHyk'f jzpfí q&mtm; onf vufcHjyyk'f jzpfonff/

(#) uwåm;yk'f + ae&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'fig;onf + a&ü + aysmf\/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;wGif a&ü [laom yk'fwpfckudk jznhfpGuf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/a&ü yg0ifaom ü0dbwfonf ig; aysmf&mae&mrSm a& jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh a&ü onf ae&mjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(X) uwåm;yk'f + tcsdef f jyyk'f + Bud,myk'fopf&GufwdkUonf + waygif;vü + a<uonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;wGif waygif;v ü [laom yk'fwpfckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/ waygif;vü wGifyg0ifaom ü 0dbwfonf opf&GufwdkU a<uaom tcsdefrSm waygif;v jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh waygif;vü onf tcs defjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(!) uwåm;yk'f + yd kifqd kif jcif;jyyk'f + uwåm;tjznfhyk'f + Bud,myk'fþpmtkyfonf + armifb\ + pmtkyf + jzpfonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü armifb\ [laom yk'fwpfckESifh pmtkyf [laom yk'f(2)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf; xm;onf/ armifb\ üyg0ifaom \ 0dbwfonf pmtkyfukd ydkifqdkifolrSm armifb jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh armifb\ onf yd kifqd kifjcif;jyyk'f jzpfonf/ armifb ydkifqdkifaom ypönf;rSm pmtkyf jzpfaMumif;udk pmtkyf [laom yk'fu jznfhpGufjyonf/ xdkUaMumifh pmtkyf onff uwåm;tjznf hyk'f jzpfonf/

(¡) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + xGufcGm&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'ftaronf + armifarmifudk + ausmif;rS + ac:vmonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü armifarmifud k ESifh ausmif;rS [laom yk'f (2)ckudk jznfhpGuf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ armifarmifud k ü yg0ifaom udk 0dbwfonf tac:cH&olrSm armifarmif jzpfaMumif; udk

Page 56: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

jyonf/ ausmif;rS üyg0ifaom rS 0dbwfonf armifarmif xGufcGmvm&mae&m rSm ausmif;jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/

xdkUaMumifh armifarmifud k onfuHyk'f jzpfí ausmif;rS onf xGufcGm&m jyyk'f jzpfonf/

(P) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + a&S;½I&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'folonf + pmtkyfudk + tdrfodkU + ,loGm;onf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü pmtkyfud k ESifh tdrfod kU [laom yk'f(2)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/pmtkyfud k üyg0ifaom ud k 0dbwfonf ,loGm;jcif;cH&aom t&mrSm pmtkyf jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/tdrfod kU üyg0ifaom odkU 0dbwfonf armifarmif a&S;½I&mae&mrSm tdrf jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/xdkUaMumifh pmtkyfud k onf uHyk'fjzpfí tdrfod kU onf a&S;½I&mjyyk'f jzpf onf/

(w) uwåm;yk'f + xGufcGm&mjyyk'f + a&S;½I&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'farmifbonf + ausmif;rS + tdrfodkU + jyefvmonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü ausmif;rS ESifh tdrfod kU [laom yk'f(2)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf; xm;onf/ausmif;rS üyg0ifaom rS 0dbwfonf armifarmif xGufcGmaom ae&mrSm ausmif; jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/tdrfok dU ü yg0ifaom odkU onf armifarmif a&S;½I&m ae&mrSm tdrf jzpf aMumif; udk jyonf/xdkUaMumifh ausmif;rS onf xGufcGm&mjyyk'f jzpfí tdrfok dU onf a&S;½I&mjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(x) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + ae&mjyyk'f + Bud,myk'fq&monf + armifbudk + twef;xJü + csD;usL;onf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü armifbudk ESifh twef;xJü [laom yk'f (2)ckudk jznfhpGuf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/armifbudk üyg0ifaom udk 0dbwfonf q&m\ csD;usL;jcif;cH&olrSm armifb jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/twef;xJü wGifyg0ifaom ü 0dbwfonf armifbudk q&m csD;usL;aom ae&mrSm twef;xJü jzpfaMumif;udk jyonf/

Page 57: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

xdkUaMumifh armifbudk onf uHyk'f jzpfí twef;xJü onf ae&mjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(') uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + tcsdef jyyk'f + Bud,myk'folonf + npmudk + (5) em&Dü + pm;onf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü npmudk ESifh (5)em&Dü [laom yk'f(2)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/npmudk üyg0ifaom udk 0dbwfonf olpm;aom t&mrSm npm jzpf aMumif; udkjyonf/(5)em&Dü wGif yg0ifaom ü 0dbwfonf olpm;aom tcsdefudk jyonf/ xdkUaMumifh npmudk onf uHyk'fjzpfí (5)em&D ü onf tcsdef jyyk'f jzpf onf/

(") uwåm;yk'f + xGufcGm&mjyyk'f + a&S;½I&mjyyk'f + tcsdef jyyk'f + Bud,myk'farmifbonf + ausmif;rS + tdrfokdU + naeu + jyefvmonf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü ausmif;rS? tdrfod kU? naeu [laom yk'f(3)ckudk jznfhpGufzGJUpnf; xm;onf/ausmif;rS üyg0ifaom rS 0dbwfonf armifb xGufcGm&mae&mudk jyonf/tdrfod kU üyg0ifaom odkU0dbwfonf armifb a&S;½I&m ae&mudk jyonf/naeuü yg0ifaom u 0dbwfonf armifbjyefvmonfh tcsdefudk jyonf/xdkUaMumifh ausmif;rS onf xGufcGm&mjyyk'f jzpfí tdrfod kU onf a&S;½I&mjy yk'f jzpfonf/ naeu rSmrl tcs defjyyk'f jzpfonf/

(e) uwåm;yk'f + uHyk'f + ae&mjyyk'f + tcs defjyyk'f + Bud,myk'fw&m;olBuD;onf + cdk;rIudk + w&m;½Hk;ü + eHeufu + ppfaq;onf/uwåm;yk'fwpfckESifh Bud,myk'fwpfck yg0ifaom 0gus½dk;ü cd k;rIud k ? w&m; ½H k;ü ESifh eHeufu [laom yk'f(3)ckukd jznfhpGufzGJUpnf;xm;onf/cd k;rIud k üyg0ifaom ud k 0dbwffonf w&m;olBuD;\ ppfaq;jcif; cH&aom t&mrSm ck d;rI jzpfaMumif; udkjyonf/ w&m;½H k;ü yg0ifaom ü 0dbwfonf cdk;rIudk ppfaq;aom ae&mrSm w&m;½H k; jzpfaMumif; udkjyonf/eHeufu üyg0ifaom u 0dbwfonf w&molBuD; trIppfaq;aom tcsdefudk jyonf/xdkUaMumifh cd k;rIud k uHyk'fjzpfí? w&m;½H k;ü onf ae&mjyyk'f jzpfNyD; eHeufu onf tcsdef jyyk'f jzpfonf/

0gus½dk;zGJUenf;trsdK;rsdK;1/ uwåm;yk'f + Bud,myk'f

Page 58: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

ol + jyefvmonf/

2/uwåm;yk'f armifbonf

+uwåm;tjznfhyk'f + ausmif;om;

+ Bud,myk'f + jzpfonf/

3/ uwåm;yk'f armifbonf

+ uHyk'f + rdbudk

+ Bud,myk'f + ulnDonf/

4/ uwåm;yk'f armifbonf

+uHyk'f+uHtjznfhyk'f

+a&Tudk+vufaumuf

+ Bud,myk'f + vkyfonf/

5/ uwåm;yk'f armifarmif

+ xGufcGm&mjyyk'f + ausmif;rS

+ Bud,myk'f + jyefvmonf/

6/uwåm;yk'f armifarmifonf

+ a&S;½I&mjyyk'f + tdrfodkU

+ Bud,myk'f + jyefvmonff/

7/uwåm;yk'f awmifwuform;wkdUonf

+qdkufa&muf&mjyyk'f

awmifxdyftxd

+ Bud,myk'f + wufMuonff/

8/uwåm;yk'f armifarmifonf

uHyk'f+toHk;cHjyyk'f +q&mudk+pmtkyfjzifh

+Bud,myk'f +uefawmhonf/

9/ uwåm;yk'f pyg;yifwdkUonf

+taMumif;jyyk'f +ydk;aMumifh

+ Bud,myk'f + ysufukef\/

10/uwåm;yk'f armifarmifonf

+uHyk'f+vufcHjyyk'f +pmtkyf+q&mtm;

+ Bud,myk'f + ay;onf/

11/ uwåm;yk'f ig;onf

ae&mjyyk'f + a&ü

+ Bud,myk'f + aysmf\/

12/uwåm;yk'f opf&GufwkdUonf

+ tcsdefjyyk'f + waygif;vü

+ Bud,myk'f + a<uonf/

13/uwåm;yk'f þpmtkyfonf

+ ydkifqdkifjcif;jyyk'f+uwåm;tjznhfyk'f+Bud,myk'f +armifb\+ pmtkyf + jzpfonf/

14/ uwåm;yk'f taronf

+uHyk'f+xGufcGm&mjyyk'f +

+ Bud,myk'f + ac:vmonf/

Page 59: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

armifarmifudk+ausmif;rS

15/uwåm;yk'f olonf

+uHyk'f+a&S;½I&mjyyk'f +pmtkyfudk+tdrfodkU

+ Bud,myk'f + ,loGm;onfff/

16/ uwåm;yk'f armifbonf

+xGufcGm&mjyyk'f+a&S;½I&mjyyk'f +ausmif;rS+tdrffodkU

+ Bud,myk'f +jyefvmonf/

17/uwåm;yk'f q&monf

+uHyk'f+ae&mjyyk'f +armifbudk+twef;xJü

+ Bud,myk'f + csD;usL;onf/

18/ uwåm;yk'f olonf

+uHyk'f+tcsdefjyyk'f +npmudk+(5)em&Dü

+ Bud,myk'f + pm;onf/

19/uwåm;yk'f+xGufcGm&mjyyk'f armifbonf+ausmif;rS

+a&S;½I&mjyyk'f+tcsdefjyyk'f +tdrfokdU+naeu

+Bud,myk'f + jyefvmonf/

20/uwåm;yk'f+ uHyk'f w&m;olBuD;onff+cdk;rIudk

+ae&mjyyk'f+tcsdefjyyk'f +w&m;½Hk;ü+eHeufu

+Bud,myk'f + ppfaq;onf/

avhusif hcef;

1/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü uwåm;tjznfhyk'fudk jznfhyg/ (u) þtyifonf .............. jzpfonf/(c) þtoD;onf .............. jzpfonf/(*) OD;bjzLonf .............. jzpfonf/(C) armifarmifonf .............. jzpfonf/(i) þausmif;onf .............. jzpfonf/

Page 60: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

2/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü xGufcGm&mjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) uav;onf .............. vdrfhusonf/(c) oajyoD;rsm;onf .............. a<uusonf/(*) pma&;BuD;OD;eDonf .............. jyefvmonff/(C) tnmqefoabFmonf .............. cGmonf/(i) rkwfoHkavonf .............. wdkufonf/3/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü a&S;½I&mjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) tvkyform;rsm;onf .............. vmMuonf/(c) ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;onf ..............oGm;Muonf/(*)uRefrwdkUonf .............. jyefvmonf/(C) taronf .............. oGm;onf/(i) tazonf ..............oGm;onf/

4/ uGufvyf toD;oD;ü ae&mjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) uav;wkdUonf .............. upm;aeMuonf/(c) qm;onf .............. aysmf\/(*) uRJwdkUonf .............. vl;Muonf/(C) Mumonf .............. aygufonf/(i) tvkyform;wdkUonf .............. aysmfydkufMuonf/

5/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü tcdsefjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) tjref&xm;onf .............. qdkufrnf/(c) uREkfyfwdkUonf .............. a&upm;Murnf/(*)ausmif;om;ausmif;olwdkYonf .............. vkyftm;ay;Muonf/(C) {&m0wD jrpfonf .............. a&vQHwufonf/(i) a&wGif;rsm;onf .............. a&cef;wwfMuonf/

6/atmufyg0gusrsm;&Sd uGufvyfwdkUü xGufcGm&mjyyk'fESifh a&S;½I&mjyyk'f wdkUudkjznfhyg/(u) uav;onf .......... .......... vdrfhusonf/(c) oajyoD;rsm;onf .......... .......... a<uusonf/(*) pma&;BuD;OD;eDonf .......... .......... jyefvmonf/(C) armifaZmfonf .......... .......... oGm;onf/(i) r0dkif;onf .......... .......... vrf;avQmufoGm;onf/

Page 61: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

7/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd uGufvyfwdkUü xGuf&mjyyk'f? a&S;½I&mjyyk'fESiffh tcsdefjyyk'fwdkUudk jznfhyg/(u) q&mBuD;OD;barmifonf .......... .......... oGm;onf/(c) q&m0efBuD;OD;at;onf .......... .......... jyefvmonf/(*) atmifawZoabFonf .......... .......... xGufrnf/(C) tqef&xm;onf .......... .......... a&mufonf/(i) uRefrwdkUonf .......... .......... oGm;rnf/

8/ uGufvyftoD;oD;üuHyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) rat;onf ..........uefawmhonf/(c) q&mBuD;onf .......... qHk;ronf/(*) atmifeufonf ..........csDvmonf/(C) armifaZmfonf ..........0,fonf/(i)uRefronf ..........awGUcsifonf/

9/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü vufcHjyyk'fudkjznfhyg/(u) q&mronf ocsFmykpämwpfckudk .......... wGufjyonf/(c) armifykonf trJ½dk;udk .......... auR;onf/(*) q&mBuD;onf jynfaxmifpkaeUtaMumif;udk .......... ajymjyonff/(C) armifa&cJonf ivufrudkyHkjyifudk .......... zwfjyonf/(i) q&m0efonf aq;udk .......... ay;onf/

10/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd uGufvyfwdkUü uHyk'fESihf toHk;cHjyyk'fwdkUudk jznfhyg/(u) uREfkyfwkdUonff .......... .......... jzwful;Muonff/(c) rat;onff .......... .......... yufonf/(*) armifykonff .......... .......... ½dkufonf/(C) OD;jronff .......... .......... o,fonf/(i) a&vkyfom;BuD;onff .......... .......... xdk;onf/11/ atmufyg0gusrsm;&Sd uGufvyf wdkUü uHyk'fESifh uHtjznfhyk'fwdkUudk jznfhyg/(u) bBuD;jzdK;onff .......... .......... xkonf/(c) yef;wdrf q&monff .......... .......... vkyfonf/(*) armifarmifonff .......... .......... vkyfonf/(C) taronff .......... .......... csufonf/(i) twef;om;rsm;u .......... .......... a`r§mufonf/

Page 62: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

12/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü xGufcGm&mjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) armifarmifonf pmtkyfudk .......... xkonf/(c) taronf ig;udk .......... 0,fvmonf/(*) atmifeufonf trJ½dk;udk .......... csDvmonf/(C) armifaZmfonf xrif;bl;udk .......... ,lcJhonf/(i) r0dkif;onf aiGwpfq,fudk .......... acs;onf/

13/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü a&S;½I&mjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) atmifeufonf trJ½dk;udk .......... csDvmonf/(c) tazonf {nfhonfrsm;udk .......... vdkufydkUonf/(*) aMumifrBuD;onf aMumifuav;rsm;udk .......... csDvmonf/(C) armifaZmfonf xrif;bl;udk .......... ,lvmonf/(i) r0dkif;onf rpef;udk .......... ac:oGm;onf/

14/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü ae&mjyyk'fudk jznfhyg/(u) tazonf o&ufyifudk .......... pdkufonf/(c) uREfkyfwdkUonf toHk;vHk;ydkpwm BuD;udk .......... pdkufxlonf/(*) olonf a&usrf;pifudk .......... aqmufonf/(C) OD;bonf ydkufqHtdwfudk .......... xm;onf/(i) uRefawmfonfolUudk .......... awGUvdkuf&onf/

15/ uGufvyftoD;oD;ü tcsdefjyyk'fudkjznfhyg/(u) v,form;wdkUonf pyg;ESHrsm;udk .......... &dwfMuonf/(c) armifpkonf rdbESpfyg;udk .......... ulnDonf/(*) uREfkyfwdkUonf oufBuD;0gBuD;rsm;udk .......... uefawmhMuonf/(C) uRefawmfwdkUonf .......... rD;xGef;Muonf/(i) armifa&cJonf .......... yOörwef;atmifNyD;NyD/

16/ atmufyg 0gusrsm;&Sd uGufvyfwdkUü ae&mjyyk'f ESifh tcsdefjyyk'fwdkU udk jznfhyg/(u) tazonf o&ufyifudk .......... .......... pdkufonf/(c) uREfkyfwdkUonf toHk;vHk;ydkpwmBuD;udk .......... .......... pdkufxlMu onf/(*) atmifeufonf trJ½dk;udk .......... .......... pm;aeonf/(C) uRefawmfESifh armifa&cJwdkUonf .......... .......... awGUqHk&ef csdefxm;onf/(i) rvSonf .......... .......... &Sdonf/

Page 63: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

yk'fjzwfyk'f&yfoauFwrsm;

yk'f jzwfyk'f&yfoauFwrsm; 64/ / jrefrmpma&;om;&mü t"dyÜm,f&Sif;vif;ap&ef yk'fuav;? yk'fr? 0dkufuGif; paom oauFwrsm;udk toHk;jyKí a&;&onf/ xdkoauF wrsm;udk toHk;jyKía&;&onf/ xdkoauFwrsm;udk yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwrsm; [kac:onff/

yk'fuav; ?

65/ (u) vnf;aumif;? jzpfap wkdUudk wpfckru oHk;aomtcg vnf;aumif;? jzpfap wdkU\aemufü yk'fuav;udk oHk;onf/ odkU&mwGif aemufqHk; jzpfaom vnf;aumif; ESifh jzpfap wdkU\ aemufürl yk'fuav; udk roHk;ay/om"u/ /- yifv,furf;pyfü vnf;aumif; ? opfyifaygrsm;&mt&yf a'oü vnf; aumif; ? uGif;jyifrsm;ü vnf;aumif; avaumif;avoefUudk &&SdEdkif onf/- zciffu jzpfap? rdcifu jzpfap? tkyfxdef;olwpfOD;OD;u jzpfap vufrSwf a&;xdk;&rnf/

(c) odkUr[kwf \ a&SUwGif yk'fuav;udk oHk;onf/om"u/ /-oufqkdif&m jynfe,f? od kUr[kwf wkdif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0if zGJUpnf; &rnf/- jrdKUe,frsm;jynfe,f? odkUr[kwf wkdif;tjzpfpkpnf;í jynfe,f? odkUr[kwf wkdif;jynfolUaumifpDrsm;zGJUpnf; &rnf/

(*) 0guswpfckwGif Bud,myk'frsm;udk qufí a&;vQif aemufqHk; Bud,m yk'frS wpfyg; a&SUBud,m yk'frsm;\ aemufü yk'fuav;udk oHk;onf/

om"u/ / - wydkUwGJvtcgwGif jrefrmEdkifiH t&yf&yf&Sd wkdif;&if;om;wkdUonf aumufnSif;xreJ xdk;í vSLMu? wef;Mu? auR;Mu? arG;Mu½dk;jzpfyg onf/

(C) pmydk'fcGJrsm;\ tqHk;ü aemufqHk;pmykd'fcGJrS wpfyg;? a&SUpmydk'fcGJrsm; aemufwGif yk'fuav; udk oHk;onf/ (yk'fuav;udk roHk;bJvnf; a&;onf/)om"u/ / - ausmuftrsdK;tpm; rsm;udk t"dutm;jzifh atmufygtwdkif;(3)rsdK; cGJjcm;xm;onf/

Page 64: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(u) rD;oifhausmuf? (c) tenfusausmuf? (*) toGifajymif;ausmuf/ - xdkawmifrsm;rSm (u) vTmwGefUawmif? (c) vTmjywfawmif? (*) ajrusefawmif? (C) rD;awmifrsm; jzpfMuonf/

yk'fr /

66/ (u) pmtkyfrsm;wGif pmykd'f eHygwfrsm; aemufü yk'frudk oHk;onf/om"u/ / - 186/ jynfolU vTwfawmfonf jynfolUudk,fpm;vS,f rsm; a&G;cs,f wifa`r§mufjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh vdktyfaom Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/

3/ uGrf;oD;yifonf ylaEG;pGwfpdkaom OwkwGif jzpfxGef;\/ uGrf;oD; onf jrefrmwdkif;&if;om ,Ofaus;rIwpf&yf taejzifh pm;oHk;avh&Sdaom uGrf;,mwGif ta&;BuD;aom tzufypönf; wpfckjzpfí jrefrmEkdifiHwGif r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom toD; wpfrsdK;jzpf\/

(c) pmydk'frsm;udk a'gifvdkuf azmfjy&mü aemufqHk; pmykd'fcGJ aemufwGif yk'frudk oHk;onf/ (yk'frudk roHk;bJvnf; a&;onf/)om"u/ / - ausmuftrsdK;tpm; rsm;udk t"dutm;jzifh atmufygtwdkif;(3)rsdK; cGJjcm;xm;Edkifonf - (u) rD;oifhausmuf? (c) tenfusausmuf? (*) toGifajymif;ausmuf/

0d kufuGif; ( )67/ (u) pmydk'fcGJ trSwfpOfudk jyonfh udef;*Pef;? tu©&mwdkUudk 0dkuf uGif;jzifh jyonf/om"u/ / - jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH\ ajrrsufESm jyifudk tMurf; tm;jzifh oHk;ydkif; ykdif;jcm;Ekdifonf/,if;wdkUrSm - (u) taemufbuf awmifwef;a'o? (c) tv,fydkif;jrpf0Srf;a'o?

Page 65: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(*) ta&SUbuf ukef;jrifh a'o wdkUjzpfMuonf/

- jrefrmEkdifiHwGif a&eHudk aygif;cHcsufvkyfjcif;jzifh atmufyg ypönf;rsm; &&Sdonff - (u) av,mOfqD (c) "mwfqD (*) a&eHqD tjzLESifh teD (C) 'DZ,fqD (i) acsmqD

(p) rD;xdkqD(q) tddrfokwfa&eHacs;(Z) za,mif;tjzL

(c) t"dyÜm,f wlaMumif;udk tjcm; wpfrsdK;jzifh jy&mü 0dkufuGif;udk oHk;onf/om"u / / - 96 uDvdkrDwm (rdkif-60) - ar;cdkif a&m*g umuG,faq;(at-wD-tufffpff) - 1344-ck? e,kefvjynfhausmff 6-&uf - (1982-ck? ZGefv? 12-&uf) - [Hom0wD (yJcl;) - wpfaygif (27ƒ usyfom;)

(*) trSmpmwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;&mü vufrSwf a&;xdk;ol trnf udk 0dkufuGif;jzifhjyonf/om"u/ / (jrifhxGef;) nTefMum;a&;rSL;

(C) udk,fpm;vS,f vufrSwfa&;xdk;&mü udk,fpm;vS,f vufrSwfxdk;ol \trnfESifh &mxl;udk udk,fpm;`yk&m Xme tBuD;tuJ\ &mxl;atmufü 0dkufuGif;jzifh jyonf/om"u/ / ñTefMum;a&;rSL; csKyf (udk,fpm;) tqifhjrifh ynmOD;pD;Xme (OD;0if;armif? nTefMum;a&;rSL;)

atmufrsOf; ______

Page 66: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

68/ (u) acgif;pOfBuD;? pmydk'f acgif;pOf ponfhwdkUudk a&;&mü atmufrsOf;om;&onf/om"u/ / 0dbwf 0dbwf 33 / 0dbwfonf emrf? emrfpm;wdkU\ aemufü wnfí 4if;wdkUonf uwåm;jzpfonff? uHjzpfonf ponfudk vnf;aumif;? Bud,m\ aemufüwnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvESifh trsdK;tpm;udk vnf;aumif;? a0zefydkif;jcm; jyonff/

(c) rSwfcsuf? rSwf&ef paom owdjyK&ef vdkonfh pum;vHk;rsm; atmuf wGif rsOf;om;&onfff/om"u/ / rSwfcsuf / /jzpfavhjzpfx? jyKavhjyKx&Sdaom tjzpf tysufrsm;ESifh jzpfjrJobm0w&m;rsm;udk azmfjy&mü ypöKyÜef 0dbwfudk toHk;jyKMu onfff/ rSwf&ef/ / ta&twGufudk udef;udk udef;[kac:onf/ ta&twGuf wpfckom &Sdaom emrfonf {u0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

rsOf;wd k -69 (u) tu©&mESifh *Pef;rsm;udk cGJjcm;&mü rsOf;wdkudk oHk;onf/ (rsOf; wdkudk roHk;bJ ae&m csJívnf; a&;onf/)om"u/ / - 1948-ck? Zefe0g&Dv? 4-&uf

(c) yk'fESpfyk'fudk aygif;pyf azmfjy&mü rsOf;wdkudkoHk;onf/om"u/ / - rEÅav;-&efukef tjref&xm; - t*Fvdyf-jrefrmtbd"mef

(*) pmrsufESm eHygwf? ckESpfouú&mZf wdkUudk wpfqufwnf; jzpf aMumif; jy&mü tpudef;*Pef; ESifhtqHk; udef;*Pef; wdkUMum;wGifrsOf; wdkudk oHk;onf/om"u/ / - pmrsufESm 25-55 - yxr tif;0acwf (726-***)

(C) trSwfpOf rwyfbJ tpOfvdkuf xufatmuf wpfnDwnf;a&;aom pmaMumif;? 0gus? pmydk'f wdkU\ a&SUwGif rsOf;wdkudk oHk;onf/om"u/ /

Page 67: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

- ar;cdkif a&m*gumuG,faq; (at-wD-tufpf) - [Hom0wD (yJcl;) - ouf&SdoufrJh? j'yf&Sdj'yfrJh wdkU\ trnf[lorQudk emrf[kac:onf/ - emrf\tpm;oHk;aom yk'fudk emrfpm;[kac:onf/ - emr0daooe (4)rsdK; taMumif;udk tusOf;azmfjyonf/ emr0daooe tqifhcGJjcm;jcif;udk &Sif;jyonf/ - 0gusquf orÁE´ ESifh t"dyÜm,fquf orÁE´wdkUudktusOf;azmfjyonf/ pum;vHk; wpfckonf 0gustwGif; toHk;udk vdkufí 0gusqufoEÁE´ ESifh emrf0dbwfjzpfEdkiHyHkudk azmfjyonf/

rsOf;apmif; ^70/ wpfckr[kwf wpfck jzpfaMumif;udk jy&mü rsOf;apmif;udk oHHk;onf/om"u/ / - EdkifiHjcm;om;^EdkifiHom; - ouf&Sd^uG,fvGeff - ZeD;^ cifyGef;\ om;csif;rsm; - usm;^r

rsOf;&Snf _____71/ uGufvyfjznfhar;cGef;ar;&mü rsOf;&Snfudk oHk;onf/ (......udkvnf; oHk;onf/)om"u/ / - atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom Bud,mudk jznfhyg/ (1) qifoGm;&m vrf; _____ onf/ (2) oHacs;onf oHudk______ onf/ (3) csdKomaom pum;udk vlwdkif; _______ onf/

pmcsefrSwf (ay,smv) ...........

72/ (u) aumufEkwfcsuf? udk;um;csuf ponfwdkUudk a&;om;azmfjy &mü csefxm;onfh pum;rsm;udk pmcsefrSwfjzifh jyonf/om"u/ / ]vluav;&JU acsmhp&m/ / rdw¬Dvm uefawmfuefatmufu zm;aumufcJhyg/ ...........zm;aumifuao;}} [laom uAsmonf jrefrmh½dk; &mom;acsmh uAsmwpfyk'fjzpfonf/

Page 68: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

(c) yd#uwf pmayü pmcsefrSwf(ay,smv) udk /y/ ? odkUr[kwf / v/ tu©&m jzifhjyonf/om"u/ / - a[wkypöa,m /y/ t0d*wypöa,mwd/ - £wdydawmb*0g /v/ Aka'¨gb*0gwd/

pumvHk;tnTef;

ud Budd0dpnf;

===

Bud,m Bud,m0daooeypönf;

e epe0d

===

emrf emrfpm;emr0daooe

0d orftm

===

0dbwf orÁE´tmar!dwf

pmrsufESm u u(uwÅm;0d) u (xGufcGg&mjy0d)

44? 45/44/

udef;nTef;ypönf;usKyf (ep)uREkfyf (ep)

61? 66/10/10/

u (ae&mjy0d)u (tcsdefjy0d)

45/45/

uREkfyf (yk*¾vep)Bud,m

10/24/

uwnf;u (0gusquforf)u-0*f

55/1? 2/

Bud,myk'f Bud,m0dbwf

77-86/44? 50/

umvjyBud,m0dbwfuHyk'f

50/78-86/

aMumifh (taMumif;jy0d)uRefr (ep)

45? 48/10/

uH0dbwfuHtjznfhyk'f

44? 46/78?85/

uRefr (yk*¾vep)uRefawmf (ep)

10? 11/10/

udk (uH0d)udk (ykv’difnTef;pnf;)

44? 46/63? 66/

uRefawmf (yk*¾vep) 10/

aumif (rsdL;jypnf;)uwåm;yk'f

61/77-86/ c

uwåm;0dbwfuwåm;tjznfhyk'f

44? 45/77? 81? 85?

86/

ck (rsdK;jyypönf;)cifAsm; (ep)

61? 62/10/

Page 69: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

udef; 20/ cGJxkwf&mjy0dbwfcGef; (rsdK;jyypönf;)

45/61? 62/

pmrsufESm pmrsufESm**kPf&nfjyemr0daooe 29/

wpfyg; (tnTef;e0d)wpf0uf (ocsFmep)

29/14/

iig (ep) 10/

wpfOD;qdkifemrfwdkU (udef;nTef;pnf;)

3? 7/67? 68/

ig (yk*¾vep)iSm (&nfpl;csufjy0d)

10/45/

wdkifwdkif (ae&mqufwdkufjy)wdkifwkdif (tcsdefqufwdkufjy)

45/45/

p

wdkifatmif (qdkufa&muf&mjy0d)wdkifatmif (ae&mqufwdkufjy0d)

44? 47/45/

pum;vHk; p-0*f

74/1? 2/

wGif (cGJxkwf&mjy0d)wGif (ae&mjy0d)

45/45/

pmcsefrSwf (ay,smv)apmif (rsdK;jypnf;)

99/61? 62/

wGif (tcsdefjy0d)x 45/

pdwåZemrfq

3?5?7/

xd (qdkufa&muf&mjy0d)xdatmif (qdkufa&muf&mjy0d)

44/44/

qk (rsdK;jyypönf;) 61? 62/ xD; (ykvd’ifnTef;pnf;)xdk (ep)

63?64/12/

qdkufa&muf&mjyyk'fqdkufa&muf&mjy0dbwf

79 ? 85/44? 47/

xdk (tnTef;ep)xdk (tnTef;e0d)

11?12/29/

n xdktcg (t"dyÜm,fquforf)

56 ? 57/56/

Page 70: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

xdkUaMumifh (t"dyÜm,fquforf)

nnf; (ep)#

10/ xdkUaemuf

(t"dyÜm,fquforf) 56/

# - 0*fw

1 ? 2/

xdkUjyif .... vnf; (t"dyÜm,fquforf)xnf (rsdK;jyypönf; )

56? 57/61? 62/

w-0*fwpfpHkwpfck (tnTef;e0d)

1 ? 2/29/

xGufcGm&mjyyk'fxGufcGm&mjy 0dbwf

78?82?84-86

pmrsufESm pmrsufESmya': (£wådvdifnTef;pnf;)

64?66/

yyrmPjy Bud,m0daooe

40?41/

y-0*fyg; (rsdK;jypnf;)

1? 2/61? 62/

e yif (rsdK;jypnf;)aygif;pyfyk'f

61/75/

eykv’difemr0daooe

17?18?20/28/

ydkifqdkifjcif;jyyk'fydkifqdkifjcif;jy0dbwf

81?86/45? 50/

ae&mqufwkdufjy0dbwfae&mjyyk'f

45/80?81?83?

84?86/

ypönf;qufyk'fpkypönf;a&myk'f

76/75/

ae&mjy0dbwfeif (ep)

45? 49/10/

ypöKyÜefumvjy Bud,m0dbwfywfvHk; (tcsdefqufwdkufjy0d)

50? 51/45/

eif (yk*¾vep)emrf

10/3/

yk'fyk'fuav;

74/92 ? 93/

emrfpm; 10/ yk'fpkyk'fquforÁE¨

76/54/

Page 71: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

emrfypönf;emrf0dbwf

61/44/

yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwrsm;yk'fr

92/93?94/

ESifh (yk'fquforf)ESifh (,SOfwGJjy0d)

54/45/

yk'f½dk;ykv’dif

75/17/

ESifh (toHk;cHjy0d)ESifhtwl (,SOfwGJjy0d)

45/45/

ykv’difnTef;ypönf;NyD (ypöKyÜefumvjyBwd-0d)

63/51/

ESihftwl (,SOfwGJjy0d)ESifhtrQ (,SOfwGJjy0d)

45/45/

jyD (twdwfumvjyBud-0d)jyKjcif;jyBud,m

51/24/

ü (ae&mjy0d) 45? 49/ zz (ykv’difnTef;ypönf;) 63/

ü (tcsdefjy0d) 45?49/ zdk (ykv’difnTef;ypönf;) 65/

pmrsufESm pmrsufESm

ydkU (&nfpl;csufjy0d)zdk; (ykv’difnTef;pnf;)

45/63? 66/

rnf (tem*wfumvjyBud-0d)rnfrQ (tar;Bud0d)

51/41?42/

zHk (rsdK;jyypönf;)jzifh (taMumif;jy0d)

63/45/

rnfrQ (tar;e0d)rnfol (ep)

31/10/

jzifh (toHk;cHjy0d)jzpfjcif;jy Bud,m

45?48/24?25/

rnfol (tar;ep)rnfodkUaom (tar;e0d)

13?14/31/

jzpfap jzpfap (yk'fquforf)A

54/

rnfonfh (tar;e0d)r,f (£w¬dvdifnTef;pnf;)

31/64? 66/

A[k0kpfudef;b 21/

rsm; (udef;nTef;pnf;)

66?67/61/

Page 72: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

rsdK;jyypönf;bm (ep)bm (tar;ep)

10/13? 14/

rsOf;apmif;rsOf;wdk

98/97/

b,f (ep)b,f (tar;ep)

10/13/

rsOf;&SnfrS (xGufcGm&mjy0d)

98/44?46/

b,f (tar;e0d)b,fyHk (tar;Bud0d)

31/41/

rSm (uwåm;0d)rSm (ae&mjy0d)

44?45/45/

b,fvdk (tar;Bud0d)b,favmuf (tar;Bud0d)

41/41/ rSm (tcsdefjy0d) 45/

b,favmuf (tar;e0d)r

31/

,a,muf (rsdK;jyypönf;) 61?63/

r (£wådvdifnTef;pnf;)rd (£wådvdifnTef;pnf;)

64-66/64?66/

,SOfwGJjy0dbwf&

45/

rdrd (ep)rdrd (yk*¾vep)

10/10?11/

a&m...a&m (yk'fquforf)&nfpl;csufjy0dbwf

54?55/45/

rif; (ep)rif; (yk*¾vep)

10/10/

í (0gusquforf)&Sdjcif;jyBud,m

55/24?26/

armif (ykv’difnTef;pnf;) 63?66/ a&S;½I&mjyyk'f

79?82? 84-86/

pmrsufESm pmrsufESma&S;½I&mjy0dbwf&Sif (ep)

44?47/10/

0*f0*¾

1/1/

&Sif (yk*¾vep)v

10?11/ 0*¾EÅ0*¾EÅAsnf;

2/2/

Page 73: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

vuf (rsdK;jypnf;)vufcHjyyk'f

61?63/80? 85/

0dkufAsnf;0dkufuGif;

1?2/94-96/

vufcHjy0dbwfvdkufavsmjy0dbwf

45? 49/45/

0,f (ae&mjy0d)0,f (tcsdefjy0d)

45/45/

vdifvdifnTef;ypönf;

17/61?63-66/

oomru ..vnf;

¤if; (ep)¤if; (tnTef;ep)

10/11/

(0gusquforf)omreftqifh

55?56/34?37/

¤if; (tnTef;e0d)vwåH (tem*wfumvjyBud-0d)

29/51/

omvGeftqifhom; (ykv’difnTef;ypönf;)

34?37/63?64/

vdrfhrnf/ (tem*wfumvjyBud-0d)

51/ oD;jcm;pum;vHk;ol (ep)

74/10/

vHk;vHk; (tcsdefqufwdkufjy0d)vQif (0gusquforf)

45/55/

ol (yk*¾vep)ol (£w¬dvdifnTef;pnf;)

10/64/

0

aomaMumifh (0gusquforf)aomtcg (0gusquforf)

55/55/

0gusquforÁE¨0gus½dk;

54-56/77/

aomfvnf; (0gusquforf)odkU (qdkufa&muf&mjy0d)

55/44?47/

0dbwf0dbwfqufyk'fpk

44/76/

odkU (a&S;½I&mjy0d)odkUr[kwf (yk'fquforf)

44?47/54/

0dbwfoG,fyk'f0daooe

75/28?39/

odkUaomfvnf; (t"dyÜm,fquforf)

56/10/

Page 74: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

oif (ep)0daoos 28?39/ ocsFmemr0daooe 29?30/

pmrsufESm pmrsufESm

ocsFmemrfpm;,if; (ep)

10? 14? 15/10/

twdkif; (vdkufavsmjy0d)twdwfumvjyBud,m0dbwf

45/50?51/

onf (uwåm;0d)onf (ep)

44-46/10-12/

twGuf (&nfpl;csufjy0d)txd (qdkufa&muf&mjy0d)

45/44?47/

onf (ypöKyÜefumvjyBud-0d)onf (tnTef;ep)

51/11?12/

txJrS (cJGxkwf&mjy0d)txJrSm (cGJxkwf&mjy0d)

45/45/

onf (tnTef;e0d)onf (twdwfumvjyBud-0d)

29/51/

t"dyÜm,fquforÁE¨tem*wfumvjyBud,m0dbwf

54?56?57/

50?51/

orÁE¨orÁE¨qufyk'fpk

54/76/

teuf (cGJxkwf&mjy0d)tenf;i,f (ocsFmep)

45/14/

t

tb,f (ep)tb,f (tar;e0d)

10/31/

tulpum;vHk;taMumif;jyyk'f

74/80?85/

trlt&mjyBud,m0daooetar;Bud,m0daooe

40/40-42/

taMumif;jy0dbwftcsdKU (ep)

45?48/10/

tar;emr0daooetar;emrfpm;

29?31/10?13/

tcsdKU (ocsFmep)tcsdKU (ocsFme0d)

14?15/30/

tzdkU (&nfpl;csufjy0d)

45/3?4?7/

Page 75: Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes · Update: 2012-12-12 04:23 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-2.htm • Myanmar Thuddar {mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1,

trsm;qdkifemrftcsdefqufwdkufjy0dbwftcsdefjyBud,m0daooe

45/40/

trsdK;tpm;jyBud,mt& (vdkufavsmjy0d)

5/45/

tcsdefjyyk'ftcsdefjy0dbwf

81?83?84?86/45?49/

tvdkUiSm (&nfpl;csufjy0d)tvdkuf (vdkufavsmjy0d)

45/45/

tjcm; (tnTef;ep)tajctaejyBud,m0daooe

29/40?41/

tvHk;pHk (ocsFme0d)tavsmuf (vdkufavsmjy0d)

30/45/

tpkjyemrftnTef;emr0daooe

3?6?7/29/

tomvGefqHk;tqifhtoHk;cHjyyk'f

34?36?37/

79?85/tnTef;emrfpm; 10?11/ toHk;cHjy0dbwf 45?48/

pmrsufESm pmrsufESmt0*Át0*f

1/1/

atmufrsOf;£w¬dvdif

96/17?18?20/

t0*fAsnf;tmar!dwf (tm)

1?2/71/

£w¬dvdifnTef;ypönf;þ (ep)

63?64/10?11/

tm; (vufcHjy0d)tm;vHk; (ep)

45?49/10/

þ (tnTef;ep)þ (tnTef;e0d)

11/29/

tm;vHk; (ocsFmep)tm;vHk; (ocsFme0d)

14?15/30/

OD; (ykv’difnTef;pnf;){u0kpfudef;

63?66/21/

tm;avsmfpGm (vdkufavsmjy0d)thH (tem*wfumvjyBud-0d)

45/51/

\ (ydkifqdkifjcif;jy0d) 45?50/