myanmar grammar: mlc in three volumes - wordpress.com...myanmar grammar: mlc in three volumes...

41
Update: 2012-12-11 02:17 AM +0630 TIL Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumes BGo1-1.htm Myanmar Thuddar { mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1, Module 1, by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC), Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) . Date of publication: around 1986 • Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July. index.htm | |Top BG-MLC-indx.htm UKT : 121201 Changing fonts within the body of text in WinInnwa, brings in unwanted confusion when I edit the code. Yet, when I want to bring the readers attention to a particular place, I can insert little thumbnail pics in gif format. See a pix showing a boy reading his school report . jrefrmo'´g twGJ (1)? tcef; (1) trSmpm jrefrmo'´gukd twGJ(3) wGJcGJum jyKpkygonf/ jrefrmo'´g twGJ (1)ukd tajccHynm tv,fwef; twGuf jrefrmo'´g twGJ(2)ukd tajccHynm txufwef; twGuf? jrefrmo'´gtwGJ (3)ukd wuúokdvf twGuf &nf&G,fygonf/ jrefrmo'´g (3)wGJukd jyKpk&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; ESifh jrefrmpm avhvmolrsm; jrefrmo'´g \ tajccHoabmobm0ukd em;vnf í jrefrmpm a&;om;&m ü jrefrmo'´genf; ESifhtnD pnf;urf;wus a&;om;wwfap&efyif jzpfygonf/ xkd&nf&G,fcsufukd tajccHvsuf ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wkdU o'´ga0g[m&rsm; ESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifap&ef vnf;aumif;? 0gp*F (9)yg;ukd tajccHrQ odap&ef vnf;aumif;? yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwwkdUukd rSefuefpGm tokH;jyKwwfap&ef vnf;aumif; þ jrefrmo'´gtwGJ (1)? tcef; (1) ukd jyKpkygonf/ jrefrm o'´gusrf;rsm;ukd jyKpk&mwGif ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;\ toufESifh twef;ukd

Upload: others

Post on 06-Feb-2021

18 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • Update: 2012-12-11 02:17 AM +0630

    TIL

    Myanmar Grammar: MLCin three volumes BGo1-1.htm • Myanmar Thuddar { mrûn-ma þûd~da}, Volume 1, Module 1, by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC), Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) . Date of publication: around 1986 • Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.

    index.htm | |TopBG-MLC-indx.htm

    UKT : 121201 Changing fonts within the body of text in WinInnwa, brings in unwanted confusion when I edit the code. Yet, when I want to bring the readers attention to a particular place, I can insert little thumbnail pics in gif format. See a pix showing a boy reading his school report.

    jrefrmo'´g

    twGJ (1)? tcef; (1)

    trSmpm

    jrefrmo'´gukd twGJ(3) wGJcGJum jyKpkygonf/ jrefrmo'´g twGJ (1)ukd tajccHynm tv,fwef; twGuff jrefrmo'´g twGJ(2)ukd tajccHynm txufwef; twGuf? jrefrmo'´gtwGJ (3)ukd wuúokdvf twGuf &nf&G,fygonf/

    jrefrmo'´g (3)wGJukd jyKpk&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; ESifh jrefrmpm avhvmolrsm; jrefrmo'´g \ tajccHoabmobm0ukd em;vnf í jrefrmpm a&;om;&m ü jrefrmo'´genf; ESifhtnD pnf;urf;wus a&;om;wwfap&efyif jzpfygonf/

    xkd&nf&G,fcsufukd tajccHvsuf ausmif;ol ausmif;om;wkdU o'´ga0g[m&rsm; ESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifap&ef vnf;aumif;? 0gp*F (9)yg;ukd tajccHrQ odap&ef vnf;aumif;? yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwwkdUukd rSefuefpGm tokH;jyKwwfap&ef vnf;aumif; þ jrefrmo'´gtwGJ (1)? tcef; (1) ukd jyKpkygonf/

    jrefrm o'´gusrf;rsm;ukd jyKpk&mwGif ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;\ toufESifh twef;ukd

    http://www.tuninst.net/index.htm#tophttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#contenthttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC-indx.htm#Cont-this-pghttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#Top

  • csifhí OmPf&nf ESifh vkdufatmif tqifhqifh ykdif;jcm;jyKpkygonf/ tcef;vkduf tcef;vkduf ausnufatmif avhvmjcif;jzifh jrefrmo'´gukd tajccHckdifckdif wwf ajrmufMurnf[k ,kHMunfygonf/

    jrefrmpmtzGJU Contents of this page

    rmwdum

    01/ o'´g - pgrsufESm 01 02/ tu©&m - 02 03/ 0gp*F - 05 04/ emrf - 07 05/ emrfpm; - 11 06/ vdif? udef; - 16 07/ Bud,m - 22 08/ umv - 26 09/ emr0daooe - 28 10/ Budd,m0daooe - 31 11/ 0dbwf - 35 12/ orÁE¨ - 41 13/ ypönf; - 47 14/ tmar!dwf - 51 15/ 0gus - 53 16/ yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFwrsm; - 58 17/ pum;vkH;tnTef; - 63

    Contents of this page

    o'´g

    toH

    01/ em;jzifh Mum;orQukd toH[k ac:onf/ om"u/ / vloH? acG;oH? avoH? rkd;oH? qkdif;oH? AkHoH? wa,moH? oDcsif;oH ponf

    vlwkdUEIwfrS toHtajrmuftjrm; xGufEkdifonf/ xkdtoHwkdUwGif tcsdKUonf t"dyÜm,f &Sdonf/ tcsdKU rSmrl t"dyÜm,fr&Sdacs/

    ]vl}? ]pmtkyf}? ]Muuf[if;cg;oD;}? ]wpfaeUu}? ]xkdifyg}

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#Cont-this-pghttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#glossaryhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#pausehttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#sentencehttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#exclamationhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#helphttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#conjunctionhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#prepositionhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#advhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#adjhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#periodhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#verbhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#genderhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#pronounhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#nounhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#parts-of-speechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#aksharahttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#grammarhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#cont-this-pg

  • - ponf pum;oHwkdUonf t"dyÜm,f&Sdaom toHrsm; jzpfMuonf/

    ]acgacg} [laom a[mufoH? ]&TDT&TD} [laom taMumif;rJh avcRefoH - ponfwkdUrSm t"dyÜm,fr&Sdonfh toHrsm; jzpfMuonf/

    o'´

    2/ o'´onf ygVdpum;jzpfonf/ toH[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/

    o'´g

    3/ t"dyÜm,f&Sdaom toHukd tpGJjyKí a&;om;xm;aomaMumifh o'´g [kac:onf/ vlwkdUEIwfrS xGufaom toHwkdUukd qkdvkdonfh t"dyÜm,fa&mufatmif pepfwus ajymqkda&;om;&onf/ xkdokdUajymqkda&;om;&mü tokH;jyK&rnfh pnf;pepfwkdUukd azmfjyaom usrf;onf o'´gusrf; jzpfonf/

    Contents of this page

    tu©&m

    4/ vlwkdUEIwfrS xGufaom toHwkdUukd em;jzifh Mum;&onf/ xkdtoHwkdUukd uk;onfh trSwfoauFwrsm;ukd tu©&m[k ac:onf/ ]u? c? *? C? i} paom trSwfoauFwrsm;onf tu©&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ xkdtu©&mrsm;ukd pmom; a&;om;&mwGif tokH;jyKMu&onf/rSwf&ef/ / toHrsm;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKxm;onfh trSwfoauFwrsm;ukd tu©&m [kac:onf/

    tu©&m (2) rs d K;5/ o&tu©&m? Asnf;tu©&m [lí tu©&m (2) rsdK;&Sdonf/o&tu©&m (11) vkH;?Asnf;tu©&m (33) vkH;?jrefrmbmomwGif pkpkaygif; tu©&m (44)vkH; &Sdonf/

    6/ o&tu©&m/ / jrefrmbmomü tajccHo& (11)vkH;? oif&kd;o& (12)vkH; &Sdonf/(u) tajccHo& (11)vkH;rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/t? tm? £? þ? O? OD?{? tJ? Mo? aMomf? tkd/

    (c) oif&kd; o& (12)vkH;rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/t? tm? £? þ? O? OD?{? tJ? Mo? aMomf? tH? tm;/

    rSwf&ef/ / (1) ]t} tp ]tkd} tqkH; (11)vkH;aom tu©&mwkdUukd tajccHo&[k ac:onf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#thara1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#byi2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#thara2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#contenthttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#Cont-this-pg

  • (2) ]t} tp ]tm;} tqkH; (12)vkH;aom tu©&mwkdUukd oif&kd;o&[k ac:onf/

    7/ o&oauFw/ / o&rsm;ukd Asnf;ESifh wGJaomtcg o&oauFwrsm;ukd tokH;jyKonf/

    8/ Asnf;ESifhwGJzuf&eftwGuf o&rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;oauFw jyKxm;onf/ atmufygZ,m;ü o&oauFwESifh wGJpyfrnfh Asnf; ae&mrsm;ukd (-) rsOf;wkdUjzifh jyxm;onf/

    oif&k d;o& ESih f o& oauFwjy Z,m;

    o& t tm £ þ O OD { tJ Mo aMomf tH tm;

    toHxGuf t tm td tD tk tl at tJ atm atmf tH tm;

    oauFw - -m

    -g -d -D -k -l a- -J

    a-m

    a-g

    a-mf

    a-: -H

    -m;

    -g;

    wGJyHk u um ud uD uk ul au uJ aum aumf uH um;

    rSwf&ef/ / (1) (-m) þoauFwukd 0kdufcs[kac:onf/(2) (-g) þoauFwukd armufcs[k ac:onf/(3) (-m) 0kdufcsukd (4)wGif azmfjyyg Asnf;(6)vkH;rSty usefAsnf;tu©&mwkdUESifh wJGpyf&mü okH;onf/

  • (4) (-g) armufcsukd ] c ? * ? i ? ' ? y ? 0 } Asnf;tu©&mwkdkUESifh wJGpyf&mü okH;onf/Contents of this page

    Asnf;

    9/ jrefrmAsnf; (33)vkH;&Sdonf/ atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/

    u c * C i

    p q Z ps n

    # X ! ¡ P

    w x ' " e

    y z A b r

    , & v 0 o

    [ V trSwf&ef/ / ]u} tp ]t} tqkH; (33) vkH;aom tu©&mwkdUukd Asnf;[k ac:onf/

    0gp*F

    0gp*F10/ 0gp*Fonf 0gpm ESif h t*F aygif;pyfxm;aom ygVdpum; jzpfonf/ qkdvkdonfh t"ddyÜm,fa&mufatmif ajymqkdaom pum;\ tpdwftykdif;ukd 0gp*F [kac:onf/

    0gpm = pum; 0gus = t"dyÜm,fay:vGifatmif ajymqkdaom pum; t*F = tpdwftykdif; 0gp*F = 0gustwGif;ü yg&Sdaom pum;tpdwftykdif;

    0gp*F (9)rs d K;0gp*F (9)rsdK;&Sdonf/ 4if;wkdUrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/

    (u) emrf(c) emrfpm; (*) Bud,m(C) emr0daooe(i) Bud,m0daooe

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#advhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#adjhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#verbhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#pronounhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#nounhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#contenthttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#byi1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#Cont-this-pg

  • (p) 0dbwf(q) orÁE¨(Z) ypönf;(ps) tmar!dwf

    0gp*F (9) rs d K;\ t"dyÜ,f12/ 0gp*F (9)rsdK;\ t"dyÜm,ftoD;oD;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf/(u) emrf / / ouf&SdoufrJh? j'yf&Sdj'yfrJhwkdU\ trnf[lorQukd emrf[kac:onf/(c) emrfpm; / / emrf\tpm;okH;aomyk'fukd emrfpm;[kac:onf/(*) Bud,m / / jyKjcif;ukdjzpfap? jzpfjcif;ukdjzpfap? &Sdjcif;ukdjzpfapjyaom yk'fukd Bud,m[kac:onf/(C) emr0daooe / / emrfukd txl;jyKaom yk'fukd emr0daooe[kac:onf/(i) Bud,m0daooe / / Bud,mukd txl;jyKaom yk'fukd Bud d,m0daooe[k ac:onf/(p) 0dbwf / / emrf? emrfpm;wkdU\ aemufü wnfí 4if;wkdUonf uwÅm; jzpfonf? uHjzpf onf ponfwkdUukd vnf;aumif;? Bud,m\aemufüwnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvESifh trsdK;tpm;ukd vnf;aumif; a0zefykdif; jcm;jyaom pum;vkH;ukd 0dbwf [kac:onf/(q) orÁE¨ / / yk'ftcsif;csif;ukdjzpfap? 0gustcsif;csif;ukdjzpfap? t"dyÜm,ftcsif;csif;ukd jzpfap? qufpyfay;aom pum;vkH;ukd orÁE¨ [kac:onf/(Z) ypönf; / / emrf? emrfpm;? emr0daooe? Bud,m? Bud,m0daooe wkdU\t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;av;eufatmif ulnDaxmufyHhaom pum;vkH;ukd yp önf; [kac:onf/(ps) tmar!dwf / / xdwfvefUjcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? tHhMojcif; ponfhwpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif; aMumifh jyif;jyif;xefxef pdwfvIyf&Sm;um EIwfrS &kwfw&ufxGuf ay:vm aom toHukd tmar!dwf [kac:onf/

    emrf

    emrf13/ ouf&SdoufrJh? j'yf&Sdj'yfrJhwkdU\ trnf[lorQukd emrf[kac:onf/(u) armifvS onf ausmif;okdU um;jzifhoGm;onf/þ0gusü---(1) armifvS onf vl\ trnfjzpfonf/(2) ausmif; onf taqmufttkH\ trnf jzpfonf/(3) um; onf t&m0w¬K\ trnf jzpfonf/

    (c) acG;onf aMumif ukd ukdufonf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#contenthttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#exclamationhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#helphttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#conjunctionhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#prepositionhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#advhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#adjhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#verbhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#pronounhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#nounhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#exclamationhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#helphttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#conjunctionhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#preposition

  • þ0gusü---(1) acG; onf wd&pämef\ trnf jzpfonf/(2) aMumif onf wd&pämef\ trnf jzpfonf/

    (*) rdb\ arwåmonf BuD;rm;onf/þ0gusü---arwåm onf oabmwpfck\ trnf jzpfonf/

    14/ txufyg 0gus (3)ckü yg0ifaom armifvS? ausmif;? um;? acG;? aMumif? arwåm wkdUonf trnfrsm;jzpfMuonf/(u) (1) armifvS [laom trnfonf vl\ trnf jzpfonf/ vlonf touf&Sdonf/ vludk rsufpdjzifh jrifEkdifjyD; vufjzifh prf;oyfxdawGU EkdifaomaMumifh j'yf&Sdonf[k qkd&onf/ (2) xkdUaMumifh armifvS [laom trnfonf vuf&Sdj'yf&Sd trnf jzpfonf/

    (c) (1) ausmif;? um; [laom trnfwkdUonf t&m0w¬K\ trnfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xkdt&m0w¬Krsm;onf oufrJh rsm;jzpfMuonf/ (2) xkdUtjyif xkdt&m0w¬KwkdUukd rsufpdjzifh jrifEkdifjyD; vufjzifh prf;oyfxdawGUEkdifaomaMumifh j'yf&Sd[k qkd& onf/ (3) xkdUaMumifh ausmif;? um; [laom trnfrsm;onf oufrJhj'yf trnfrsm; jzpfMuonf/

    (*) arwåm [laom trnfonf rsufpdjzifh Munfhívnf; rjrifEkdif? vufjzifhprf;oyf xdawGUívnf; r&Ekdifaom oabmwpfck\ trnfjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh j'yfrJh trnf jzpfonf/

    emrfrsm;armifvS ? ausmif;om; ? vl ? acG; ? aMumif ? pm;yGJ ?

    ukvm;xkdif ? pmtkyf ? ausmif; ? um; ? arwåm ? owåd ?usef;rmjcif; ? tcspf ? trkef; ponf

    ouf&Sdj'yf&Sdemrf oufrJhj'yf&Sdemrf j'yfrJhemrf

    armifvSausmif;om;

    pm;yGJukvm;xkdif

    arwåmowåd

  • vlacG;aMumif

    pmtkyfausmif;um;

    usef;rmjcif;tcspftrkef;

    rSwf&ef / / ouf&SdoufrJh? j'yf&Sdj'yfrJhwkdU\ trnf[lorQ ukd emrf[k ac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ emrf\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ atmufyg 0gus toD;oD;ü yg0ifaom emrfrsm;ukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) armifvSonf ausmif;om; jzpfonf/(c) ausmif;om;rsm;onf pmoifcef;okdU oGm;Muonf/(*) tvkyform;rsm;onf tvkyfcGifokdU 0ifMuonf/(C) trsdK;? bmom? pmay? ,Ofaus;rIwkdUukd cspfEkd;&rnf/(i) om;orD;wkdUtay:wGif xm;&Sdaom rdb\ arwåmum; BuD;rm;vSonf/

    3/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom emrfwpfckukd jznfhyg/(u) ......onf......rS......okdU oGm;onf/(c) ......onf......ü ysH0Jvsuf&Sdonf/(*) ausmif;om;wkdUonf......ü vkyftm;ay;Muonf/(C) ......uif;pifí......omaom nrsm;wGif......wpfcGifvkH; om,maewwfonf/(i) ......&moDü xlxJaom......rsm;ukd *&kwpkduf 0wfqifxm;Muonf/

    4/ pmoifcef;xJü &Sdaom t&m0wåK (5)rsdK;\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    5/ oif aexkdif&m&yfuGufü &Sdaom opfyif(5)rsdK;\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    6/ ausmif;upm;uGif;xJü &Sdaom t&m0wåK (5)rsdK;\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    7/ oif odaom wd&pämef (5)rsdK;\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    8/ oif a&mufzl;aom ae&m (5)ck\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    9/ oif\ oli,fcsif; (5)a,muf\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    10/ ouf&Sdj'yf&Sdemrf (5)ck\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    11/ oufrJhj'yf&Sdemrf (5)ck\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

    12/ j'yfrJhemrf (5)ck\ trnfrsm;ukd a&;yg/

  • 13/ atmufyg emrf;rsm;ukd (u) ouf&Sdj'yf&Sd (c) oufrJhj'yf&Sd (*) j'yfrJh [lí tpk(3)pk cGJjyyg/

    vl? pm;yGJ? acG;? aMumif? pmtkyf? arwåm? ukvm;xkdif? uRJ? EGm;? apwem? abmvkH;? cJwH? ausmufoifykef;? yk&Gufqdwf? ZGJ? ausmif;? tcspf? trkef;? armifb? armifvS? usef;rmjcif;/

    emrfpm;

    emrfpm;

    15/ emrf\tpm; okH;aom yk'fukd emrfpm;[k ac:onf/(u) (1) armifarmif onf ausmif;okdUoGm;onf/ (2) olonf yOörwef;ausmif;om; jzpfonf/yxr0gusü &Sdaom armifarmifonf emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gusü &Sdaom ol [laom yk'fonf emrfyk'f armifarmif \ ae&mwGif tpm;xkd;í okH;aom yk'fjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh ol [laom yk'fonf emrfpm; jzpfonf/

    (c) (1) rk drk d onf vdr®maom qifwpfaumif jzpfonf/ (2) olonf MuHukd tvGefMudKufonf/yxr0gusü &Sdaom rk drd k onf emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gusü &Sdaom ol [laom yk'fonf emrfyk'f rk drk d \ ae&mwGif tpm;xkd;í okH;aom yk'fjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh ol [laom yk'fonf emrfpm; jzpfonf/

    (*) (1) armifarmifonf rEåav;okdU oGm;onf/ (2) xkdrSwpfqifh arNrdKUokdU c&D;qufrnf/yxr0gusü&Sdaom rEåav; onf emrf jzpfonf/ 'kwd,0gusü&Sdaom xkd [laom yk'fonf emrf yk'f rEåav; ae&mwGif tpm;xkd;í okH;aomyk'fjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh xk d [laom yk'fonf emrfpm; jzpfonf/

    emrfpm;rsm;

    ol ? rif; ? ig ? uRefawmf ? uRefr ? &Sif ?cifAsm; ? eif ? nnf; ? usKyf ? uREkfyf ?

    rdrd ? oif ? xkd ? þ ? 4if; ponf

    rSwf&ef/ / emrf\tpm; okH;aom yk'fukd emrfpm;[k ac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • 1/ emrfpm;\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ oif odaom emrfpm; (5) ckukd a&;yg/

    3/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;ü yg0ifaom emrfpm;rsm;ukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) ]'DaeU ausmif;qif;&if rif;ukd ausmif;atmufu ig apmifhaer,f} [k q&mu armif0if;ukd ajymonf/(c) ]vrf;MuHKom;yJ? &SifvJ ausmif;qif;awmh uRefrwkdUeJU jyefvkdufygvm;} [k rat;u armif0if;ukd tazmfpyfonf/(*) ]uRefawmf vkdufvkdU rjzpfbl;xifw,f? q&m ausmif;atmufu apmifhaew,f? cifAsm; jyefESifhayawmh} [k armif0if;u rat;ukd ajymonf/(C) ]nnf; jyef&rSm wpfa,mufwnf; jzpfae&if usKyf tazmfvkdufcJhr,fav} [k rbkwfu rat;ukd ajymonf/

    (i) ]eif vkdufvm&if ykdaumif;wmaygh? eifa&m iga&m ESpfa,mufpvkH; tazmf&oGm;wmaygh} [k rat;u 0rf;om tm;& ajymvkdufonf/

    4/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom emrfpm;ukd jznfhyg/(u) ]......tjyif cP oGm;yg&ap q&mr} [k armifckdifu cGifhawmif;onf/(c) ]vmr,fh we*FaEGaeUrSm......&kyf&SifoGm;csifw,fuGm?......tarhukd ajymygvm;?......wkdU twlwloGm; Mur,f} [k armifjrihfu armifjzLukd tazmfpyfonf/(*) ]armif0if;wkdUukdvJ ajymvkdufygvm;?......vJ vkduf&if aysmfp&m BuD;aerSm} [k armifjzLu armifjrifhukd ajym onf/(C) ]......wkdUeJU vkdufawmhvkdufcsifw,f? 'gayr,fh......u armifjidrf;wkdU tdrfu tvSLukd ulzkdU uwday;xm; w,f? aemufwpfcg......wkdUoGm;awmh ac:uGm?......vkdufr,f} [k armif0if;u armifjrifhukd ajymonf/(i) 'Dwpfcg......rvkdufEkdif&if aemufwpfcgawmh vkdufjzpfatmif vkdufaemf......wkdU aysmfaysmfyg;yg; oGm;Mu &atmif} [k armifjzLu armif0if;ukd ajymonf/

    5/ atmufyg rsOf;om;xm;aom emrftoD;oD;ukd qDavsmfaom emrfpm;jzifh tpm;xkd;yg/(u) armifjrifhonf ausmif;om;wpfa,muf jzpfonf/armifjrifhonf tvGef pmBudK;pm;onf/(c) armifjrifhESifh armifqifhonf nDtpfukd jzpfonf/armifjrifhESifh armifqifhwkdUonf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf cspfcifMuifemMuonf/

    (*) ]armifoef; wpfreufvkH; pmusufaew,f} [k armifoef;u oli,fcsif; armifjrifhukd ajymonf/

  • (C) ]naebuf armifoef; b,foGm;ao;vJ} [k armifjrifhu armifoef;ukd ar;onf/(i) ]ukdoef;eJU ukdjrifhwkdUygvm; ukdoef;eJU ukdjrifhwkdU aeaumif;w,faemf} [k rat;u EIwfqufonf/

    6/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;ü rsOf;om;xm;aom emrfpm;ukd oufqkdif&m emrfESifh wGJyg/erlem ]igvmrnf} [k armifbu ajymonf/ig - armifb(u) ]rif;wkdU pmar;yGJatmifcsif&if pmBudK;pm;Mu} [k q&mBuD;u ausmif;om;rsm;ukd qkH;ronf/(c) ]rif;ukd ig ajymp&m&Sdw,f} [k armif0if;u armifjrifhukd wkd;wkd; ajymonf/(*) ]ausmif;qif;&if uRefawmf tdrfjyefawmhr,f} [k armifoef;u ajymonf/(C) ]eif bm ajymaewmvJ} [k rat;u armif0if;ukd ar;onf/(i) ]cifAsm;ukd uRefawmf aps;xJrSm awGUvkdufw,f] [k armifckdifu armifbukd ajymonf/

    7/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;ü rsOf;om;xm;aom emrfpm;ukd qDavsmfatmif jyifyg/(u) armifjidrf;onf vdr®monf/ 4if;onf rdbudk ulnDonf/(c) armifjrifh? armifqifhESifh armifoef;wkdUonf oli,fcsif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/uREkfyfwkdUonf wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf tvGef cifrif Muonf/

    (*) ]nnf;ukd ig vmawGUtkH;r,f} [k armifcifu armifvSukd ajymonf/(C) ]uREkfyf xifwm rSefw,fr[kwfvm;} [k rpef;u oli,fcsif; r0kdif;ukd ar;onf/(i) ]oli,fcsif;? vmr,fh we*FaEGaeUrSm ig &kyf&SifoGm;rvkdU? oif a&m vkduftkH;rvm;} [k armifausmfu armifckdifukd ajymonf/

    ay;xm;aom emrf;pm;wkdUrS qDavsmfaom emrfpm;ukd a&G;í uGufvyfjznfhyg/(u) OD;bcspfu obmywdtjzpf aqmif&GufjyD;...........u tcrf;tem;rIK;tjzpf aqmif&Gufygrnf/ (uRefawmf? cifAsm;)(c) rkdrkdonf vdr®maom qifwpfaumifjzpfonf/...........onf MuuftvGef BudKufonf/ (uREkfyf? ol)(*) ...........wkdUonf wkdif;jynfESifh vlrsdK;tay:wGif opöm&SdMu&rnf/ (ol? uREkfyf)(C) ............ukd,fukd aumif;atmif BudK;pm;oifhonf/ (uREkfyf? rdrd)(i) nDav;u rkefU[if;cg;BudKufí............u acgufqGJ BudKufonf/ (uRefr? uRefawmf)

    vdif? udef;

    vdif

    16/ txD;trobm0ukd vdif[k ac:onf/ vdif (4)rsdK; &Sdonf/ 4if;wkdUrSm-

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • (u) ykv’dif(c) £w¬dvdif(*) eykv’dif(C) 'Gdvdif wkdUjzpfMuonf/

    17/ (u) ykv’dif/ / a,musfm;obm0? txD;obm0&Sdaom emrfonf ykv’ dif jzpfonf/OD;wif h onf armifjrif h\ tbkd; jzpfonf/þ0gusü-(1) OD;wifh = (a,musfm;)(2) armifjrifh = (a,musfm;)(3) tbkd; = (a,musfm;) wkdUonf a,musfm;obm0 &Sdaom emrfrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh ykv’dif jzpfonf/

    (c) £w¬dvdif/ / rdef;robm0? trobm0&Sdaom emrfonf £w¬dvdif jzpfonf/a':cspfonf rat;\ tbGm;jzpfonf/þ0gusü-(1) a':cspf = (rdef;r)(2) rat; = (rdef;r)(3) tbGm; = (rdef;r) wkdUonf rdef;robm0 &Sdaom emrfrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh £w¬dvdifjzpfonf/

    (*) eykv’dif f/ / txD;trobm0r&Sdaom emrfonf eykv’ dif jzpfonf/zefcGuf ukd pm;yG Jay:rSm wifxm;yg/þ0gusü-(1) zefcGuf(2) pm;yGJwkdUonf txD;trobm0r&Sdaom emrfrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh eykv’dif jzpfonf/

    (C) 'Gdvdiff/ / txD;trobm0? trobm0ESpfrsdK;pvkH;ESifh qkdifaomemrfonf 'G dvdif jzpfonf/iSuf ysHonf/þ0gusü iSuf onf iSufzkdESifhvnf; qkdifonf/ iSufrESifhvnf; qkdifonf/ þokdU txD;obm0? trobm0 ESpfrsdK;pvkH;ESifh qkdifaomaMumifh iSuf onf 'Gdvdif jzpfonf/

    18/ vdif (4)rsdK;ukd odomvG,fulap&ef atmufygZ,m;ü jyxm;onf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#bisex1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#asex1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#female1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#male1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#bisex2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#asex2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#female2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#male2

  • ykv’dif £w¬dvdif eykv’dif 'Gdvdif

    OD;wifhff\armifjrifhtbdk;Muufz

    a':cspfrat;tbGm; Muufr

    zefcGufpm;yGJ ukvm;xkdifpmtkyf

    iSufvlacG;wd&pämef

    rSwf&ef/ / txD;tr obm0ukd vdif[k ac:onf/ vdif(4) rsdK;&Sdonf/(u) ykv’dif (OD;wifh? armifjrifh? tbkd;) = txD;obm0ukd jyonf/(c) £w¬dvdif ( a':cspf? rat;? tbGm;) = trobm0ukd jyonf/(*) eykv’dif ( zefcGuf? pm;yGJ) = txD;tr r[kwfaom obm0ukd jyonf/(C) 'dGvdif ( iSuf? vl? wd&pämef) = txD;tr ESpfrsdK;pvkH;ESifh qkdifaom obm0ukd jyonf/

    udef;19/ ta&twGufukd udef;[k ac:onf/ udef; (2)rsdK; &Sdonf/ 4if;wkdUrSm-(u) {u0kpfudef;(c) A[k0kpfudef; wkdUjzpfMuonf/

    20/ (u) {u0kpfudef;/ / {u0kpfudef;onf ta&twGuf wpfckukd jyonf/(1) armifjrif h onf rwif h\ oli,fcsif; jzpfonf/þ0gusü-(uu) armifjrifh = (emrf)(cc) rwifh = (emrf)(**) oli,fcsif; = (emrf) wkdUonf ta&twGuf wpfckom &SdaomaMumifh {u0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

    (2) ol ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/þ0gusü olonf ta&twGuf wpfckom &Sdaom emrfpm; jzpfaomaMumifh {u0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

    (c) A[k0Spfudef;/ / A[k0Spfudef;onf wpfckxufykdaom ta&twGufukd jyonf/(1) armifjrifhukd oli,fcsif;rsm;u cspfcifMuonf/þ0gusü oli,fcsif;rsm; onf ta&twGuf wpfckxufykdaom emrf jzpfonf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ykdaMumif;ukd rsm; [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh oli,fcsif;rsm;onf A[k0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#many1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#one1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#many2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#one2

  • (2) olwk dU ausmif;okdU oGm;Muonf/þ0gusü olwk dUonf ta&twGuf wpfckxufykdaom emrfpm; jzpfonf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxufykd aMumif;ukd wkdU[laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh olwkdU onf A[k0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

    21/ atmufygZ,m;wGif {u0kpfudef;ESifh A[k0kpfudef;wkdUukd jyxm;onf/

    {u0kpfudef; A[k0kpfudef;

    vlolacG;aMumifiSufMuufpmtkyfpm;yGJzefcGuf

    vlwdkU? vlrsm;olwkdUacG;wkdU? acG;rsm;aMumifwkdU ? aMumifrsm;iSufwkdU? iSufrsm;MuufwkdU? Muufrsm;pmtkyfrsm;pm;yGJrsm;zefcGufrsm;

    rSwf&ef/ / ta&twGufukd udef;[k ac:onf/ ta&twGuf wpfckom&Sdaom emrfonf {u0kpfudef; jzpf onf/ ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ykdaomemrfonf A[k0kpfudef; jzpfonf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ atmufyg emrftoD;oD;ukd vdifcGJjyyg/tbkd;? avS? tdrf? rdef;uav;? trd? tz? &Sifbk&if? rdzk&m;? uav;? ausmif;? bkef;BuD;? r,foDv? tbGm;? oli,fcsif;/

    2/ atmufyg ykv’difemrftoD;oD;ukd £w¬dvdifemrfokdU ajymif;yg/taz? tbkd;? a,musfm;? Muufz? qdwfxD;? EGm;xD;? 0wfqHzkd? xef;zkd/

    3/ atmufyg emrftoD;oD;rS 'Gdvdifemrfukd xkwfjyyg/tysdK? vlysdK? vl? oli,fcsif;? rdwfaqG? rif;orD;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol? uav;? {nfhonf? tar? taz?tbkd;? tbGm;/

  • 4/ atmufyg emrftoD;oD;ukd A[k0kpfudef;okdU ajymif;yg/jrif;? acG;? opfyif? ykvif;? rsufpd? ausmif;om;? tdrf? uREkfyf? oif? q&m? ol/

    5/ atmufyg emrftoD;oD;ukd {u0kpfudef;okdU ajymif;yg/tdrfrsm;? wd&pämefrsm;? pmtkyfrsm;? vlwkdU? vlrsm;? cJwHrsm;? a,musfm;rsm;? rdef;rrsm;? opfyifrsm;? jrpfrsm;? acsmif;rsm;? q&mwkdU? q&mrwkdU? uav;wkdU? EGm;wkdU? qdwfwkdU/

    Bud,m

    Bud,m

    22/ jyKjcif;ukdjzpfap? jzpfjcif;ukdjzpfap? &Sdjcif;ukdjzpfap jyaom yk'fukd Budd,m[k ac:onf/(u) armifatmifonf ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/þ0gusü oGm; [laom yk'fu armifatmif\jyKjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdokdU jyKjcif;ukd jyonfh yk'fukd Bud,m[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumifh oGm;onf Bud,m jzpfonf/

    (c) armifatmifonf ausmif;om; jzpfonf/þ0gusü jzpf [laom yk'fu armifatmif ausmif;om;jzpfjcif;udk jyonf/ xkdUokdUjzpfjcif;ukd jyonfh yk'fukd Bud,m[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumifh jzpfonf Bud,m jzpfonf/

    (*) awmif NydKonf/þ0gusü NydK[laom yk'fu awmif\ jzpfjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdokdU jzpfjcif;ukd jyonfh yk'fukd Bud,m[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumifh NydKonf Bud,m jzpfonf/

    (C) armifatmif\ pmtkyfonf pm;yGJay:rSm &Sdonf/þ0gusü &S d [laom yk'fu armifatmif\ pmtkyf pm;yGJay:ü &Sdjcif;ukdjyonf/ xkdokdU &Sdjcif;ukd jyonfh yk'fukd Bud,m[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumifh &S d onf Bud,m jzpfonf/

    Bud,mrsm;

    oGm;? vm? pm;? aomuf? aysmuf? azsmuf?usdK;? csdK;? tdyf? jzpf? &Sd? &kdao? ulnD? pD;qif;?

    xrf;aqmif ponf

    rSwf&ef/ / jyKjcif;uk d jzpfap? jzpfjcif;uk d jzpfap? &S d jcif;uk d jzpfap jyaomyk'fukd Bud,m[k ac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ Bud,m\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • 2/ atmufyg 0gus toD;oD;ü yg0ifaom Bud,mukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) q&mrdbukd &kdaoyg/(c) armifjrifhonf uav;oli,frsm;ESifh tkdrif;rpGrf;olrsm;ukd ulnDonf/(*) r0kdif;onf oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh cifcifrifrif qufqHonf/(C) armifjrifh? armifqifhESifh armifwifhwkdUonf wm0efukd ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifonf/(i) upm;csdefü upm;yg/ pmusufcsdefü pmusufyg/(p) r0kdif;onf t0wftpm;ukd oyfoyf&yf&yf 0wfonf/ qHyifukd aoaooyfoyf jzD;onf/(q) &efukefNrdKUonf jrefrmjynf\ NrdKUawmfjzpfonf/(Z) rEåav;NrdKU&kd;ESifh usKH;&Sdonf/

    (ps) vrf;pOfvli,frsm;onf vkyftm;ay;yGJwGif yg0ifMuonf/(n) q&mBuD;u wynfhukd qkH;ronf/

    3/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom Bud,mukd jznfhyg/(u) BudK;pm;jcif;onf atmifjrifjcif;\ vrf;p.......onf/(c) tjypf&Sdolonf xkdufwefaom tjypf'Pfukd......&rnf/(*) qifoGm;&m vrf;......onf/(C) oHacs;onf oHukd.....onf/(i) ysif;&djcif;onf vlukd......onf/(p) pmzwfjcif;onf ynmA[kokwukd......aponf/(q) ukd,fvufvIyf&Sm; upm;jcif;onf vlukd......aponf/(Z) csdKomaom pum;ukd vlwkdif;......onf/

    4/ jyKjcif;ukd jyaom Bud,m (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    5/ jzpfjcif;ukd jyaom Bud,m (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    6/ &Sdjcif;ukd jyaom Bud,m (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    7/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;&Sd Bud,mwkdUonf rnfonfhBud,mrsdK; jzpfaMumif;ukd azmfjyyg/ ykHpH/ / pm;onf = jyKjcif;jyBud,m aysmfonf = jzpfjcif;jyBud,m &Sdonf = &Sdjcif;jyBud,m

    (u) AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD; jzpfonf/(c) ausmif;tm;&ufwGif rdbukd ulnDyg/

    (*) pmoifcef;xJü ausmif;om; (50) &Sdonf/(C) {&m0wDjrpfonf ajrmufbufrS awmifbufokdU pD;qif;onf/

  • (i) jrefrmjynf\ ta&SUbufwGif &Srf;ukef;jyifjrifh &Sdonf/(p) ucsif? u,m;? csif;? &Srf; ponfwkdUonf wkdif;&if;om;rsm; jzpfMuonf/(q) rD;ab;aMumifh vlwkdU\ touftkd;tdrfpnf;pdrfrsm; ysufpD;onf/(Z) cGmndKyef;onf jymokdvwGif yGihfonf/(ps) jrefrmjynfwGif &moDOwk (3)rsdK; &Sdonf/(n) ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd vkdufemyg/

    umv

    umv23/ Bud,m\ jyKjcif;? jzpfjcif;? &Sdjcif;ESifh pyfqkdifaom tcsdefukd jyonf/

    24/ jrefrmbmomü Bud,mESifh pyfqkdifaom umv(3)yg; &Sdonf/ 4if;wkdUrSm-(u) ypöKefyÜefumv(c) twdwfumv(*) tem*wfumv wkdUjzpfMuonf/

    25/ (u) ypöKefyÜefumv/ / jyKqJ? jzpfqJ? &SdqJ tcsdeftcgonf ypöKefyÜefumv jzpfonf/,aeU aeylonf/,aeU aeyl\/q&m vmNyD/þ0gus (3)ckü yg0ifaom onf? \? NyD 0dbwfwkdUonf Bud,m\ ypöKefyÜefumvukd jyonf/

    (c) twdwfumv/ / jyKcJh? jzpfcJh? &SdcJhjyD;aom tcsdeftcgonf twdwfumv jzpfonf/raeUu aeylonf/raeUu aeyl\/q&m jyefoGm;jyD/þ0gus (3)ckü yg0ifaom onf? \? jyD? 0dbwfwkdUonf Bud,m\ twdwfumvukd jyonf/

    (*) tem*wfumv/ / jyKtHh? jzpftHh? &SdtHhaom tcsdeftcgonf tem*wfumv jzpfonf/q&m reufjzef jyefa&mufrnf/tjref&xm;onf rMumrD qkdufrnf/rkd;aumif;vQif pyg;atmiftHh/þtrIukd jyKvQif trsm;u uJh&JUMuvwÅHU/

    26/ þ0gus (4)ckü yg0ifaom rnf? tH h? vwåHU 0dbwfwkdUonf Bud,m\

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#future1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#past1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#present1http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#future2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#past2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#present2http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • tem*wfumvukd jyonf/

    27/ onf? \ ?jyD Bud,m0dbwfwkdUukd ] ypöKefyÜefumvjyBud,m0dbwf? twdwfumvjyBud,m0dbwf} [lí owfowfrSwf rSwf okH;pGJjcif; r&Sdacs/ 0gus\ qkdvkdonfh t"dyÜm,fESifh 0gusü yg0ifaom tcsdefjyyk'fukd axmufí ypöKefyÜef ESifh twdwf ukd cGJjcm;Ekdifjcif; jzpfonf/

    emr0daooe

    emr0daooe

    28/ emrfukd txl;jyKaom yk'fukd emr0daooe[k ac:onf/(u) (1) armifol&onf ausmif;om; jzpfonf/(2) armifol&onf vdr®maom ausmif;om; jzpfonf/yxr0gusü armifol&onf ausmif;om; jzpfaMumif;ukd azmfjyonf/ 'kwd,0gusü armifol&onf rnfokdUaom ausmif;om; jzpfaMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/ armifol&onf rnfodkUaom ausmif;om; jzpfoenf;/ vdr®maom ausmif;om; jzpfonf/ þü vdr®maom [laom yk'fonf ausmif;om; [laom emrfyk'fukd txl;jyKonf/ þuJhokdU emrfukd txl;jyK onfhyk'fukd emr0daooe [kac:onf/xkdUaMumifh vdr®maom onf emr0daooejzpfonf/

    (c) (1) pdefaA'g onf qkdif;ynm&Sif jzpfonf/(2) pdefaA'g onf ausmfMum;aom qkdif;ynm&Sif jzpfonf/yxr0gusü pdefaA'gonf qkdif;ynm&Sif jzpfaMumif;ukd azmfjyonf/ 'kwd,0gusürl pdefaA'gonf rnfokdUaom qkdif;ynm&Sif jzpfaMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/pdfefaA'gonf rnfokdUaom qkdif;ynm&Sif jzpfoenf;/ ausmfMum;aom qkdif;ynm&Sif jzpfonf/þü ausmfMum;aom [laom yk'fonf qk dif;ynm&Si f[laom emrfyk'fukd txl;jyKonf/ þuJhokdU emrfukd txl;jyKonfh yk'fukd emr0daooe[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumifh ausmfMum;aom onf emr0daooe jzpfonf/

    emr0daoersm;

    vdr®maom? &J&ifhaom? aumif;aom? csdKaom?arSmifrkdufaom? crf;em;aom? rGefjrwfaom?

    ajzmifhwef;aom ponf

    rSwf&ef/ / emrfukd txl;jyKaom yk'fukd emr0daooe[k ac:onf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • avhusif hcef;

    1/ emr0daooe\ t"dyÜmfukd a&;yg/

    2/ atmufyg 0gus toD;oD;ü yg0ifaom emr0daooeukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) pavOD;yknonf xif&Sm;aom pmqkdwpfOD;jzpfonf/(c) vwfqwfaom toD;tESHrsm;ukdom pm;oifhonf/(*) Muuf[if;cg;oD;wGif cg;oufaom t&om &Sdonf/(C) csdKomaom pum;ukd vlwkdif; ESpfvkdonf/(i) a&Twd*kHonf oyÜm,faom apwDawmfBuD;wpfql jzpfonf/(p) av;vHaom t&m0w¬Krsm;ukd u&def;ac:0efcsDpufjzifh rEkdifonf/(q) oHvGifjrpfonf jrefrmjynf&Sd &Snfvsm;aom jrpfBuD;wpfck jzpfonf/(Z) r[mAE¨Kvonf &J&ifhaom ppfolBuD;wpfOD; jzpfonf/(ps) usef;rma&;twGuf oefU&Sif;aom tpm;tpmrsm;ukd aeUpOf pm;oifhonf/(n) &Gm\ ywf0ef;usifwGif pdrf;vef;aom v,fuGif;rsm; &Sdonf/

    3/ atmufyguGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom emr0daooeukd jznfhyg/

    (u) ..............aom t0wftxnfrsm;ukd 0,fvQif zsm;wwfonf/(c) .................aom ykHjyifrsm;onf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;onf/(*) tcef;eH&HwGif................aom yef;csDum;rsm;ukd csdwfqGJxm;onf/(C) ..............aom tbkd;tbGm;rsm;ukd awGUvQif tultnDay;yg/(i) ...............aom awmifxdyfay:wGif apwDwpfqlukd wnfxm;onf/(p) MuufqlqDonf..............aom t&nfwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/(q) ................aom &Icif;wkdUonf pdwfukd vef;qef;aponf/(Z) 0rf;ukdufa&m*gykd;ukd............aom rSefbDvl;jzifh awGUjrifEkdifonf/(ps) ................aom aqmif;&moDeHeufcif;wGif usef;rma&;twGuf vrf;avQmufMuonf/

    4/ emr0daooe (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    5/ atmufyg emr0daooewkdUESifh emrfwkdUukd qDavsmfatmif wGJyg/

    us,favmifaompdrf;vef;aomoyÜm,faom&J&ifhaom eDjref;aom aumufauGUaomav;vHaom

    ykpämtmZmenfn jrpf jrufcif;&eHU apwD

  • cufcJaomarT;BudKifaomarSmifrkdufaom

    EIwfcrf;qkdif;oHjcif;awmif;

    6/ atmufyg emr0daooe toD;oD;ukd 0guswpfckpDwGif okH;jyyg/Munfvifaom? pnfum;aom? awmufajymifaom? rGefjrwfaom? vGJrSm;aom? ajzmifhwef;aom/

    Bud,m0daooe

    Bud,m0daooe

    29/ Bud,mukd txl;jyKaom yk'fukd Bud,m0daooe[k ac:onf/(u) (1) armifvS0if;onf ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/ (2) armifvS0if;onf ausmif;okdU jrefjref oGm;onf/yxr0gusü armifvS0if;onf ausmif;okdU oGm;aMumif;ukd azmfjyonf/ 'kwd,0gusürl armifvS0if; onf ausmif;okdU rnfokdU oGm;aMumif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/armifvS0if; ausmif;okdU rnfokdUoGm;oenf;/ jrefjrefoGm;onf/ jrefjref[laom yk'fonf oGm; [l aom Bud,mukd txl;jyKonf/ þokdU Bud,mukd txl;jyKonfh yk'fukd Bud,m0daooe[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumifh jrefjrefonf Bud,m0daooe jzpfonf/

    (c) (1) armifvS0if;onf q&mukd uefawmhonf/ (2) armifvS0if;onf q&mukd &k d daopGm uefawmhonf/yxr0gusü armifvS0if;onf q&mukd uefawmhaMumif; azmfjyonf/ 'kwd,0gusürl armifvS0if; onf q&mukd rnfokdU uefawmhaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/armifvS0if;onf q&mukd rnfokdU uefawmhoenf;/ &kdaopGm uefawmhonf/ þwGif &k daopGm [laom yk'fonf uefawmh[laom Bud,mukd txl;jyKonf/ þokdU Bud,mukd txl;jyKonfh yk'fukd Bud,m0daooe[k ac:onf/ xkdUaMumif h &k daopGm onf Bud,m0daooe jzpfonf/

    Bud,m0daooersm;

    jrefjref? &kdaopGm? rMumcP? rkcs?enf;enf;? taotcsm? tjrwfwEkd;?wa&GUa&GU? w'kef;'kef;? yrmcefU ponf

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • avhusif hcef;

    1/ Bud,m0daooe\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;ü yg0ifaom Bud,m0daooeukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) tavmwBuD; vkyfvQif trSm;awGUwwfonf/(c) vlcspfvlcif rsm;vkdvQif pum;ukd csdKcsdKomom ajymyg/(*) rdcifonf om;i,fukd ,k,k,, ykdufaxG;onf/(C) rD;avmifvQif rD;owfukd csufcsif;taMumif;Mum;yg/(i) rnfonhfudpörqkd tav;teuf aqmif&Gufoifhonf/(p) MuufOukd rusufwusuf jyKwfyg/(q) bBuD;NzdK;onf uGrf;ukd wjrSKHjrSKH 0g;aeonf/(Z) xrif;ukd yvkwfyavmif; rpm;ygESifh/

    (ps) prf;a& woGifoGif pD;aeonf/(n) ESpfywfvnf qkESif;obifukd wcrf;wem; usif;yonf/

    3/ ay;xm;aom Bud,m0daooe wpfckpDukd atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;wGif qDavsmfatmif jznfhyg/tjywf? &kdaopGm? wpdrfhpdrfh? wpDpD? uefUvefU? waumufaumuf? Akdif;ceJ? w0? onf;xefpGm? wpfcJeuf/(u) rdcifonf om;i,f\ rsufESmukd.........Munfhonf/(c) ntdyf&m0ifcsdefü tpmukd..........pm;vQif tpmraMu jzpfwwfonf/(*) uav;i,fonf Murf;ay:okdU..........vJusoGm;onf/(C) vlxkBuD;onf jynfaxmifpkaeU tcrf;tem;okdU...........csDwufvmonf/(i) rkd;OD;ustcgwGif yk&pfwkdUonf...........atmfjrnfMuonf/(p) atmifeufonf olUocif oGm;av&mokdU...........csDwufvmonf/(q) ] r*Fvmygq&m} [k ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;u q&mukd...........EIwfqufMuonf/(Z) opfyifBuD;wpfyifonf vJí vrf;rBuD;ay:ü..........cHaeonf/(ps) teDa&miftoif;u t0ga&miftoif;ukd..........Ekdifvkdufonf/(n) rdk;.............&Gmonf/

    4/ Bud,m0daooe (5)ck ukd a&;yg/

    5/ atmufyg Bud,m0daooewkdUESifh Bud,mwdkUukd qDavsmfatmif wGJyg/

  • wcpfcpf&kdaopGmcspfcspfawmufw&Iyf&Iyf nDnGwfpGm&TJ&TJ rEkdifhwEkdifw[kef;[kef; om,mpGm yvkwfyavmif;

    aqmif&Gufonfronf awmufavmifonf

    pkdonf &,fonfylonf oDqkdonfuefawmhonf pm;onf ikdonf

    6/ atmufyg Bud,m0daooe toD;oD;ukd 0guswpfckpDwGif okH;jyyg/pGefUpGefUpm;pm;? aooyfpGm? wthHwMo? tvG,fwul? rEkdifhwEkdif? jrefjref/

    0dbwf

    0dbwf

    30/ emrf? emrfpm;wkdU\ aemufü wnfí 4if;wkdUonf uwåm;jzpfonf? uHjzpfonf ponfwkdUukd vnf;aumif;? Bud,m \aemufü wnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvESifh trsdK;tpm;ukd a0zefykdif;jcm;jyaom pum;vkH;ukd 0dbwf[kac:onf/

    (u) armifoHacsmif;onf oGm;onf/þ0gusü armifoHacsmif;onf jyKol jzpfonf/ armifoHacsmif; jyKoljzpfaMumif;ukd armifoHacsmif; [laom emrfaemuf&Sd onf [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh onf onf 0dbwfjzpfonf/

    (c) armifoHacsmif;onf rEåav;okdU oGm;onf/þ0gusü armifoHacsmif;oGm;aom ae&mrSm rEåav; jzpfonf/ armifoHacsmif; a&S;&IoGm;onfh ae&monf rEåav;jzpfaMumif;ukd rEåav;[laom emrfaemuf&Sd ok dU [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh ok dU onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

    (*) armifoHacsmif;onf &efukefrS rEåav;okdU oGm;onf/þ0gusü armifoHacsmif; xGufcGm&mae&monf &efukef jzpfonf/ armifoHacsmif; xGufcGm&mrS &efukefjzpfaMumif;ukd &efukef[laom emrfaemuf&Sd rS [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh rS onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • (C) armifoHacsmif;onf &efukefrSrEåav;okdU um;jzif h oGm;onf/þ0gusü armifoHacsmif; rEåav;okdU oGm;&mü tokH;jyKaom t&mrSm um;jzpfonf/ um;onf armifoHacsmif;\ tokH;jyKjcif; cH&aom t&mjzpfaMumif;ukd um; [laom emrfaemuf&Sd jzifh [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh jzif h onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

    (i) armifoHacsmif;onf pmtkyfuk d q&mtm; ay;onf/þ0gusü q&mtm; armifoHacsmif;ay;onfh t&mrSm pmtkyf jzpfonf/ pmtkyfonf tay;cH& aom ypönf; jzpfaMumif;ukd pmtkyf [laom emrf\ aemuf&Sd uk d [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdU aMumifh ukd onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/armifoHacsmif;onf pmtkyfukd rnfoltm;ay;oenf;/ q&mhtm; ay;onf/ pmtkyfukd vufcHol onf rnfolenf;/ q&m jzpfonf/ vufcHol jzpfaMumif;ukd q&m [laom emrfaemuf&Sd tm; [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh tm; onf 0dbwfjzpfonf/

    (p) armifoHacsmif;onf &efukefjrdKU ü aeonf/þ0gusü armifoHacsmif; aexkdif&mjrdKUrSm &efukefjzpfaMumif;ukd &efukefjrdKU [laom emrf\aemuf &Sd ü [laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh ü onf 0dbwfjzpfonf/

    (q) (1) armifoHacsmif;onf &efukefjrdKUü aeonf/ (2) armifoHacsmif;onf vGefcJhaom ig;ESpfu rEåav;ü aeonf/txufyg 0gusESpfckwkdUwGif yxr0gusü &Sdaom ae [l aom Bud,m\ aemuf&Sd onf onf ypöKef yÜKefumvü jyKjcif;ukd jyonf/ 'kwd,0gusü &Sdaom ae[laom Bud,m\ aemuf&Sd onf onf vGefcJhjyD;aom twdwfumvüjyKjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdokdU Bud,m\ umvukd jyjcif;aMumifh onf onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

    (Z) (1) 0efBuD;ya'o&mZmonf oefvsifjrdKUü uG,fvGef\/ (2) armifoHacsmif;onf &efukefjrdKUü ae\/txufyg 0gusESpfckwkdUwGif yxr0gusü &Sdaom uG,fvGef[laom Bud,m\ aemuf&Sd \ onf vGefcJhjyD;aom twdwfumvü jzpfjcif;ukd jyonf/ 'kwd,0gusü &Sdaom ae [laom Bud,m\ aemuf&Sd \ onf ypöKefyÜef jyKjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdokdU Bud,m\ umvukd jyKjcif;aMumifh \ onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

    (ps) (1) q&m vmjyD/ (2) vurÇmokdU vlom;rsm; a&mufjyD/txufyg 0gusESpfckwkdUwGif yxr0gusü &Sdaom vm [laom Bud,m\ aemuf&Sd jy Donf ypöKyÜefumvü jyKjcif;ukd jyonf/ 'kwd,0gusü &Sdaom a&muf [laom Bud,m\ aemuf&Sd jyD onf vGefcJhjyD;aom twdwfumvü jzpfjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdokdU Bud,m\ umvukd jyjcif;aMumifh jyDonf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

  • rSwfcsuf/ / txufyg 0gus (q)? (Z)? (ps) wkdUukd axmufxm;vQif jrefrmpum;ü twdwfumvjyBud,m0dbwf? ypöKyÜefumvjy Bud,m0dbwf [lí oD;jcm; owfrSwfokH;EIef;jcif; r&Sdyg/ 0gus taet xm;tvkdufomvQif cGJjcm;Ekdifjcif; jzpfonf/

    (n) (1) armifoHacsmif;onf rEåav;okdU reufjzef a&mufrnf/ (2) uREkfyfwkdUonf aEG&moD ausmif;ydwf&ufü vkyftm;ay;Murnf/yxr0gusü &Sdaom a&muf ESifh 'kwd,0gusü &Sdaom vkyftm;ay;wkdUonf Bud,mrsm; jzpfMuonf/ a&muf [laom Bud,mESifh vkyftm;ay; [laom Bud,mwkdU\ aemufü &Sdaom rnfonf xkdBud,m wkdU\ jzpfvwåH tem*wfumvukd jyonf/ xkdokdU Bud,m\ umvukd jyjcif;aMumifh rnf onf 0dbwf jzpfonf/

    0dbwfrsm;onf? u? ukd? tm;? okdU? rS? jzifh? ESifh? ü?

    rSm? wGif? 0,f? twGuf? \? jyD? rnf ponf

    rSwf&ef/ / emrf? emrfpm;wkdU\ aemufüwnfí 4if;wkdUonf uwåm;jzpfonf? uHjzpfonf ponfwkdUukdvnf;aumif;? Bud,m\aemufüwnfí 4if;Bud,m\ umvESifh trsdK;tpm;ukdvnf;aumif; a0zefykdif;jcm;jyaom pum;vkH;ukd 0dbwf[k ac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ 0dbwf\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ atmufyg0gus toD;oD;ü yg0ifaom 0dbwfrsm;ukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) armifjrihfonf upm;uGif;ü abmvkH;upm;aeonf/(c) tdrfem;u acG;onf armifhjrifhukd ukdufonf/(*) armifjrifhu acG;ukd wkwfjzifh &kdufonf/(C) acG;onf ta0;okdU xGufajy;oGm;onf/(i) armifjrifhonf tdrfokdUjyefvmonf/(p) armifjrifhonf acG;ukdufaom 'Pf&mtm; olUtartm; jyonf/(q) olUtaru 'Pf&mukd aq;xnfhay;onf/(Z) wevFmaeUwGif ausmif;zGifhonf/(ps) armifjrifhonf vrf;ravQmufEkdifaomaMumifh tdrfrSm aeonf/(n) oli,fcsif;rsm;u armifjrifhtwGuf ausmif;pmrsm;ukd ul;ay;Muonf/(#) taru armifjrifh\ oli,fcsif;rsm;ukd rkefUvkyfauR;onf/

    3/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom 0dbwfukd jznfhyg/(u) ig;ckH;rwpfaumif......wpfavSvkH; ykyfonf/

  • (c) rD;......a&......jidrf;apEkdifonf/(*) jrefrmjynf......pkdufysdK;a&;EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH jzpfonf/(C) rl;,pfaq;0g;tEå&m,f......pkaygif;umuG,fMu/(i) wykdUwGJv......xreJxkd;Muonf/(p) þar;cGef;......rajzwwfvQif q&m......ar;&ef 0efrav;ygESifh/(q) awmifay:......awmifatmuf......oGm;&eftwGuf ajcusifc&D;......om tm;xm;&onf/(Z) tpnf;ta0;......q&mBuD;......tpnf;ta0;zGifhrdefUcGef;......ajymonf/(ps) ausmif;om;onf pmtkyf......q&m......ay;onf/(n) &efukef......rEåav;......oGm;vkdvQif um;......vnf;aumif;? rD;&xm;......vnf;aumif;oGm;Ekdifonf/

    4/ 0dbwwf (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    5/ ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;aom 0dbwfrsm;rS qDavsmfaom 0dbwfukd a&G;í uGufvyfwGif jznfhyg/(u) tvkyform;aeU tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdBuD;......rdef;cGef;>rwfMum;onf/ (u? rS)(c) vl&nfcRefrsm;......*kPfjyKwHqdyf csD;jrSifhonf/ (tm;? ukd)(*) armifarmifonf wkwf......vlqkd;ukd &kdufonf/ (jzifh? ESifh)(C) þwJ......0g;uyfjzifh rkd;xm;onf/ (ukd? tm;)(i) ol onf &efukef......rEåav;okdU oGm;onf/ (rS? u)

    6/ atmufyg rsOf;om;xm;aom 0dbwftoD;oD;onf rnfonfhumvukd jyaMumif;azmfjyyg/(u) armifoHacsmif;onf raeUu zsm;onf/(c) uRefawmhftbkd;onf touf (80) &SdjyD/(*) bBuD;jzdK;onf ESvkH;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefonf/(C) armifoHacsmif;onf yOöwef;ausmifom; jzpf\/(i) olonf reufjzefwGif jyefa&mufrnf/

    orÁE¨

    orÁE¨

    31/ yk'ftcsif;csif;ukd jzpfap? 0gustcsif;csif;ukd jzpfap? t"dyÜm,ftcsif;csif; ukdjzpfap qufpyfay;aom pum;vkH;ukd orÁE¨ [kac:onf/(u) (1) ESif;qDyef;ESifh pHy,fyef; (2) xrif;ESifh [if;þwGif ESif;qDyef;? pHy,fyef; wkdUonf emrfyk'frsm; jzpfMuonf/ 4if;emrfyk'frsm;ukd ESif h [laom pum;vkH;u qufpyfay;onf/ xkdenf;twl xrif;? [if; wkdUonf emrfyk'frsm;

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • jzpfMuonf/ 4if;emrfyk'frsm;ukd ESifh[laom pum;vkH;u qufpyfay;onf/ xkdokdU yk'f(2)ck ukd qufpyf ay; aomaMumifh ESif h onf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

    (c) (1) armifuHaumif;onf pmBudK;pm;onf/ (2) armifuHaumif;onf pmar;yGJ atmifonf/txufyg0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswkdUukd 0gus wpfckwnf; jzpfap&ef aomaMumif h [laom pum;vkH; jzifh atmufyg twkdif; qufpyfEkdifonf/ (3) armifuHaumif;onf pmBudK;pm;aomaMumif h pmar;yGJ atmifonf/xkdokdU 0gus(2)ckukd qufpyfay;jcif;aMumifh aomaMumif h onf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

    (*) (1) ,aeU rkd;&Gmonf/ (2) armifuHaumif; onf ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/txufyg0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswkdUukd 0guswpfckwnf; jzpfap&ef aomfvnf; [laom pum;vkH; jzifh atmufygtwkdif; pyfqufEkdifonf/ (3) ,aeUrkd;&Gmaomfvnf; ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/xkdokdU 0gus(2)ckukd qufpyfay;jcif;aMumifh aomfvnf; onf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

    (C) (1) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfonf/ (2) armifoHacsmif;onf puf&kHü vkyftm;ay;rnf/txufyg yxr0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswkdUukd 0guswpfckwnf; jzpfap&ef aomtcg [laom pum; vkH;jzifh atmufygtwkdif; qufpyfekdifonf/ (3) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfaomtcg armifoHacsmif;onf puf&kHü vkyftm;ay;rnf/xkdokdU 0gus(2)ck ukd qufpyfay;jcif;aMumifh aomtcg onf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

    (i) (1) ,aeU rkd;&Gmonf/ (2) armifuHaumif; ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/txufyg0gusESifh 'kwd,0guswkdUukd ok dU&mwGif [laom pum;vkH;jzifh qufpyfvkdufaomtcg xkd0gus(2)ckonf atmufygtwkdif; t"dyÜm,ft& qufoG,frI &Sdvmonf/

    (3) ,aeUrkd;&Gmonf/ okdU&mwGif armifuHaumif; ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/xkdokdU 0gus(2)ckukd t"dyÜm,ft& qufpyfay;jcif;aMumifh ok dU&mwGif onf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

    (p) (1) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfonf/ (2) armifoHacsmif;onf puf&kHü vkyftm;ay;rnf/txufyg yxr0gusESifh 'kwd,0gus wkdUukd xk dtcg [laom pum;vkH;jzifh qufpyfvkduf

  • aomtcg xkd0gus (2)ckonf atmufygtwkdif; t"dyÜm,ft& qufoG,frI &Sdvmonf/ (3) aEG&moDü ausmif;ydwfonf/ xkdtcg armifoHacsmif;onf puf&kHü vkyftm;ay;rnf/xkdokdU0gus (2)ckukd t"dyÜm,ft& qufpyfay;jcif;aMumifh xk dtcgonf orÁE¨ jzpfonf/

    orÁE¨rsm;bJESifh? ESifhwpfjydKifeuf? ESifh? aomaMumifh? aomfvnf;?rS? aomf? ojzifh? okdUr[kwf? aomtcg? vQif? ckduf? u?

    omru? í?vsuf? okdU&mwGif? xkdtcg? xkdUaMumifh?wkef;? jzpfap...jzpfap? xkdUjyif? twGuf ponf

    rSwf&ef/ / yk'ftcsifcsif;ukdjzpfap? 0gustcsif;csif;ukdjzpfap? t"dyÜm,ftcsif;csif;udkjzpfap qufpyfay;aompum;vkH;ukd orÁE¨ [kac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ orÁE¨\ t"ddyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ atmufyg 0gus toD;oD;ü yg0ifaom orÁE¨rsm;ukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) wpfESifhwpf aygif;vQif ESpfjzpfonf/(c) a&ESifhMumonf vGefpGm yeH&onf/(*) tqif;vSaomfvnf; tcsif;rvS/(C) rac:bJESifhvmonf? rESifbJESifh jyefonf/(i) rkd;vGefrS xGefcsonf/(p) bl;aumif;aomf pifcHonf/(q) rkd;oHMum;onfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf v,form;wkdUonf xGefwkH;ukd jyifMuonf/(Z) rkd;&GmvQif a&csdK;rnf/(ps) nDnmrS jynfomrnf/(n) rkd;av0oaumif;aomaMumifh pyg;txGufwkd;onf/

    3/ ay;xm;aom orÁE¨wpfckpDukd atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;wGif qDavsmfatmif jznfhyg/u? ESifh? okdUr[kwf? vQif? rS? wkef? jzpfap...jzpfap/(u) rif;......ig twl oGm;Murnf/(c) rif;......ig......oGm;jzpfatmif oGm;&rnf/(*) rdk;&Gm......opfyifrsm; pdrf;vef;pkdajyMuonf/(C) vom......Akdif;iifoifhonf/ (i) BudK;pm;......atmifjrifrnf/(p) ysif;&d......us&IH;wwfonf/(q) rdb......q&morm;wkdUukd &kdaoyg/

  • (Z) pmMunfhwkduf......puf&kHü vkyftm;ay;Murnf/(ps) om;orD; vdr®m......rdb pdwfcsrf;omonf/(n) rkd;&Gm......ysdK;omrnf/

    4/ orÁE¨ (5)ckukda&;yg/

    5/ ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;aom orÁE¨rsm;rS qDavsmfaom orÁE¨ukd a&G;í 0gustpkHukd qufpyfa&;om;yg/(u) (1) armifarmifonf zsm;onf/(2) armifarmifonf ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/(aomfvnf;? ojzifh? u)(c) (1) taronf aps;okdU oGm;onf/(2) taronf ig;0,fonf/ (rS? vQif? í)(*) (1) armifjrifhonf pmBudK;pm;onf/(2) armifjrifhonf *kPfxl;ESifh atmifjrifonf/( aomfvnf;? jzpfap...jzpfap? xkdUaMumifh)(C) (1) r0kdif;onf q&mukd &kdaoonf/(2) r0kdif;onf rdbukd &kdaoonf/( ojzifh? twGuf? xkdUjyif)(i) (1) rkd;oH avoHukd Mum;&jyD/(2) v,form;wkdUonf xGefwkH;ukd jyifMuonf/( okdUr[kwf? xkdtcg? vsuf)(p) (1) csdKomaom pum;ukd qkdonf/(2) vlcspfvlcif rsm;rnf/ (ckduf? aomaMumifh? vQif)

    (q) (1) ausmif;om;wkdUonf pmMunfhwkdufü vkyftm;ay;Murnf/(2) ausmif;om;wkdUonf tvkyf&kHü vkyftm;ay;Murnf/(xkdUaMumifh? aomfvnf;? xkdUjyif)(Z) (1) olonf yufvufukvm;xkdifay:ü xkdifaeonf/(2) olonf pmzwfaeonf/(aomtcg? ojzifh? vsuf)(ps) (1) rkd;ukwfjrdKUrS ywåjrm;xGufonf/(2) rkd;ukwfjrdKUrS eDvmvnf; xGufonf/( aomf? omru? ojzihf)(n) (1) rkd;Owk a&mufjyD/(2) opfyifyef;yifrsm;onf pdrf;vef;pkdjynfMuonf/

  • ( aomftcg? ESifh? aomfvnf;)

    ypönf;

    yp önf;

    32/ emrf? emrfpm;? emr0daooe? Bud,m? Bud,m0daoowkdU\ t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;av;eufatmif ulnDaxmufyhhHaom pum;vkH;ukd yp önf;[k ac:onf/

    (u) armifbcspfukd oli,fcsif;rsm;u cspfcifMuonf/þ0gusü rsm; [laom pum;vkH;onf ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ykdaMumif;ukd jyonf/ þokdU jyjcif;aMumifh oli,fcsif; [laom emrfyk'f\ t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;atmif ulnDaxmufyHhonf/ xkdUaMumifh rsm; onf ypönf; jzpfonf/

    (c) armifbcspfonf ,Ofaus;aom olwpfOD; jzpfonf/þ0gusü ,Ofaus;aom [lonfh emr0daooe onf ol[laom emrfpm;ukd txl;jyKjcif;jzifh armifbcspf onf rnfokdUaomol jzpfaMumif;ukd jyonf/ þokdu jy&mü aom [laom pum;vkH;u ulnDaxmufyHh onf/ xkdUaMumifh aom onf ypönf; jzpfonf/

    (*) armifbcspfonf Muufom;[if;ukdom pm;onf/þ0gusü armifbcspfonf tjcm;[if;rsm;ukd rpm;bJ Muufom;[if;wpfrsdK;wnf;om pm;aMumif;ukd om [laom pum;vkH;u uefUowfjyonf/ þokdU Muufom;[if;ukd uefUowfjyjcif;jzifh om [laom pum;vkH;onf Muufom;[if; [laom emrfyk'f\ t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;av;eufatmi ulnDaxmufyHhonf/ xkdUaMumifh om onf ypönf; jzpfonf/

    (C) þudpöukd jrefjrefom aqmif&Gufyg/þ0gusü jyKzG,f&Sdaom udpöukd aES;aES; raqmif&GufbJ jrefjrefaqmif&GufapvkdaMumif;ukd om [laom pum;vkH;u uefUowfjyonf/

    þokdU uefUowfjyjcif;hjzifh om onf jrefjref [laom Bud,m0daooeukd xl;jcm;atmif ulnDaxufyHhonf/ xkdUaMumifh om onf ypönf; jzpfonf/

    (i) armifbcspfonf rSef&mukd ajym0Hhonf/þ0gusü armifbcspfonf rSef&mukd ajym&ef raMumuf&GHYUaMumif;ukd 0Hh[laom pum;vkH;u jyonf/ þokdUjyjcif;jzifh 0H honf ajym[laom Bud,m\ t"dyÜm,f xl;jcm;atmif ulnDaxmufyHhonf/ xkdUaMumifh 0Hhonfypönf; jzpfonf/

    (p) rif; Muufom;[if; BudKufovm;/þ0gusü r onf Muufom;[if; rBudKufaMumif;ukd jiif;y,fonfh oabmjzif h BudKuf

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • [laom Bud,m\ t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;atmif ulnDaxmufyHhonf/ xkdUaMumifh vm; onf ypönf;jzpfonf/

    (q) uRefawm Muufom;[if; rBudKufyg/þ0gusü r onf Muufom;[if; rBudKufaMumif;ukd jiif;y,fonfh oabmjzifh BudKuf [laom Bud,m\t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;atmif ulnDaxmufyHhonf/ xkdUaMumifh r onf ypönf; jzpfonf/

    ypönf;rsm;

    rsm;? wkdU? aom? onfh? rnfh? om? &J? oifh?yif? 0Hh? &uf? &Sm? awmh? ESifh? csnf;? yg?

    ES,f? vkd? &? cJ? Ekdif? Mu? ukef? ay? twkdif;?r? vm;? ponf

    rSwf&ef/ / emrf? emrfpm;? emr0daooe? Bud,m? Bud,m0daoowkdU\ t"dyÜm,fukd xl;jcm;av;eufatmif ulnDaxmufyhhHaom pum;vkH;ukd ypönf;[k ac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ ypönf;\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ atmufyg0gus toD;oD;ü yg0ifaom ypönf;rsm;ukd rsOf;om;yg/(u) uav;wkdUonf tjypfuif;Muonf/(c) rsufESmcsdKaom olukd vlwkdif;cspfonf/(*) armif0if;onf arSmifxJü ae0Hhonf/(C) r0kdif;onf ig;[if;ukdom pm;onf/(i) rEåav;rS vmonfh tqef&xm; qkdufjyD/(p) igoGm;ESifhrnf/(q) ighukdawmh ray;? olcsnf; ,lonf/(Z) ighrsufESmukd raxmuf? olajym&ufonf/(ps) q&mronf uRefawmfwkdUukd ykHajymjyonf/(n) r0kdif;onf q&mrukd vdrfrajym&Jyg/

    3/ atmufyguGufvyftoD;oD;wGif qDavsmfaom ypönf;ukd jznfhyg/(u) ighbmom wpfa,mufwnf; oGm;......onf/(c) armifjrifhonf vdr®m......ausmif;om; jzpfonf[k q&mru csD;rGrf;onf/(*) ykHajymaumif;aom q&mrukd ausmif;om;......u cspfcifMuonf/

  • (C) ]rif; wpfa,mufwnf; oGm;......ovm;} [k armifjrifhu armifaZmfukd ar;onf/(i) ]q&mhukd ig rajym......bl;} [k r0kdif;u ajymonf/

    4/ oif odaom ypönf; (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    5/ ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;aom ypönf;rsm;rS qDavsmfaom ypönf;ukd a&G;í uGufvyfwGif jznfhyg/(u) tjypf&Sdolrsm; tjypftavsmuf tjypf'PfcH......onf/(&?0Hh)(c) rdrdwm0efukd ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmif......onf/ (oifh?awmh)(*) vlUobm0t& csrf;omjcif;\ 'Pfukd cHEkdif......onf/ (cJ?&J)(C) uwdtwkdif; eufjzef qufqufvm......rnf/ (Ekdif?yg)(i) r0kdif;ukd oli,fcsif;rsm;u cspfcif......onf/ (Mu?ukef)(p) armifjrifhonf ,Ofaus;......oli,fuav; jzpfonf/ (aom?rnfh)(q) ]wynfhwkdU pmBudK;pm;Mu......} [k q&mBuD;u qkH;ronf/ (ay?yg)(Z) pmukd......rSefrSef usufyg/ (om?yg)(ps) yxr tprf;pmar;yGJü omru 'kwd, tprf;pmar;yGJwGifvnf; armifjrifh......yxr&onf/ (yif?awmh)(n) yef;......arT;í prf......at;Muygap/ (ES,f? twkdif;)

    tmar!dw f

    tmar!dwf f33/ xdwfvefUjcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? tHhMojcif;ponfh wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif; aMumifh jyif;jyif;xefxef pdwfvIyf&Sm; um EIwfrS &kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom toHukd tmar!dwf [kac:onf/(u) ]tr,fav;}(c) ]tr,fav;......a>rBuD;? a>rBuD;}(*) ]rD;......rD;}(C) ]olckd;......olckd;}(i) ]olckd;......olckd;? vkduf[......vkduf[}xkdtoHwkdUonf xdwfvefUaMumuf&GUHaomaMumifh EIwfrS &kwfw&uf xGufay:vmonfh tmar!dwfrsm; jzpfMuonf/(p) ]tm;......}(q) ]tm;......aoygjyD}(Z) ]acG;&I;......acG&I;}xkdtoHwkdUonf ab;tEå&m,f wpfckckukd BuHKawGU&ojzifh EIwfrS &kwfw&uf xGufay:vmonfh tmar!dwf rsm; jzpfMuonf/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#partsofspeechhttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#contenthttp://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • rSwf&ef/ / xdwfvefUjcif;? 0rf;omjcif;? tHhMojcif;ponfh wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif; aMumifh jyif;jyif;xefxef pdwfvIyf&Sm; um EIwfrS &kwfw&uf xGufay:vmaom toHukd tmar!dwf [kac:onf/

    avhusif hcef;

    1/ tmar!dwf\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ oif odaom tmar!dwf (5)ckukd a&;yg/

    3/ atmufyguGufvyf toD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom tmar!dwfukd jznfhyg/(u) ......w,fxl;qef;ygvm;/(c) ......wu,fvm;/(*) ......aumif;uGm/(C) ......awmfMuawmh/(i) ......'gaMumifhukd;/

    4/ atmufyg 0gustoD;oD;&Sd tmar!dwfwkdUonf rnfokdUaom pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIaMumifh jzpfay:vmoenf;/(u) tr,fav;......u,fMuygtkH;/(c) [if;......eifawmhvm;? igjyefvmrS odr,f/(*) a[m......azaz jyefvmjyD arara&/(C) a[......w,fawmfwJh ighom;BuD;ygvm;uG/(i) atmf......jzpfrSjzpf&av[,f/

    0gus

    0gus

    34/ qkdvkdonfh t"dyÜm,fa&mufatmif pepfwus pDpOfxm;aom yk'ftpktaygif;ukd 0gus[k ac:onf/ 0guswpfckwGif tenf;qkH; uwåm;wpfckESifh Bud,mwpfck yg0ifonf/(u) armifzkd;cspfonf ajy;onf/(c) armif;zkd;ESpfonf vdr®monf/(*) pmtkyfonf pm;yGJay:rSm &Sdonf/

    35/ txufyg 0gus(3)ckü(u) armifzkd;cspfonf(c) arifzkd;ESpfonf

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • (*) pmtkyfonf [laom emrfyk'fwkdUonf uwåm; rsm;jzpfMuonf/

    36/ (u) ajy;onf/(c) vdr®monf(*) &Sdonf [laom yk'fwkdUonf Bud,mrsm; jzpfMuonf/

    37/ tqkdyg0gus (3)ckonf uwåm;wpfckESifh Bud,mwpfck yg0ifaom 0gusrsm; jzpfMuonf/

    38/ uwåm;onf jyKolukd jyonf/ Bud,monf jyKjcif;ukd jyonf/armifzkd;cspfonf ajy;onf/þ0gusü armifzkd;cspfonf ajy;jcif;ukd jyKol jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh armifzk d;cspfonf jyKolukd jyaom uwåm; jzpfonf/ajy;onf armifzkd;cspf\ jyKjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh ajy;onf onfMud,m jzpfonf/

    39/ uwåm;onf jzpfolukd jyonf/ Bud,monf jzpfjcif;ukd jyonf/armifzkd;ESpfonf vdr®monf/þ0gusü vdr®maomolrSm armifzkd;ESpf jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh armifzk d;ESpf onf jzpfolukd jyaom uwåm; jzpfonf/vdr®mon onff armifzkd;ESpf\ jzpfjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh vdr®monf onfBud,m jzpfonf/

    40/ uwåm;onf &Sdonfh t&mukd jyonf/ Bud,monf &Sdjcif;ukd jyonf/pmtkyfonf pm;yGJay:rSm &Sdonf/þ0gusü pmtkyfonf &Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh pmtkyfonf &Sdaom t&mukd jyaomuwåm; jzpfonf/&S donf onf pmtkyf\ &Sdjcif;ukd jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh &S donf onf Bud,m jzpfonf/

    41/ uwåm;wpfckESifh Bud,mwpfck yg0ifaom iguswGif vkdtyfaom yk'fwkdUukd jznfhpGufí atmufygtwkdif; 0gusrsm; zGJUEkdifonf/(u) armifzkd;cspfonf oGm;onf/(c) armifzkd;cspfonf ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/(*) armifzkd;cspfonf tdrfrS ausmif;okdU oGm;onf/(C) armifzkd;cspfonf tdrfrS ausmif;okdU um;jzifh oGm;onf/(i) armifzkd;cspfonf tdrfrS ausmif;okdU um;jzifh eHeuf (9)em&Dü oGm;onf/rSwf&ef/ / uwåm;onf jyKol? jzpfol? &Sdol ukdjyonf/ Bud,monf jyKjcif;? jzpfjcif;? &Sdjcif; ukdjyonf/

  • avhusif hcef;

    1/ uwåm;\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    2/ Bud,m\ t"dyÜm,fukd a&;yg/

    3/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom uwåm;ukd jznfhyg/(u) ......om,m\/(c) ......&kdif;pkdif;\/(*) ......oyÜm,f\/(C) ......rwfapmuf\/(i) ......tzkd;xkduf\/(p) ......tm;aumf;\/(q) ......Munfvif\/(Z) ......cRJyspf\/(ps) ......[def;\/(n) ......wGef\/

    4/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom Bud,mukd jznfhyg/(u) acsmif;a&....../(c) tjidrfhrif;ord;onf....../(*) þjrpfonf....../(C) awmifwef;onf....../(i) avonf....../

    (p) rkd;....../(q) obmywdBuD;u....../(Z) ausmifom;onf....../(ps) wyfrawmfom;rsm;....../(n) vQyfpD;....../

    5/ atmufyg uGufvyftoD;oD;ü qDavsmfaom 0gp*Fukd jznfhyg/(u) armifoHacsmif;......&Gmom,m&Gm......ae....../(c) .....onf......aom uav;wpfa,muf......onf/(*) ol......zcif......OD;bcspf jzpf......rdcif......a':aiGcif jzpfonf/(C) OD;bcspf......a':aiGcif......onf armifoHacsmif;......cspfMu\/(i) armifoHacsmif;onf rdbpum;......em;axmif......&Sdonf/(p) ausmif;......tdrf......jyefa&muf......rdbESpfyg;ukd......onf/

  • (q) tdrfü......ausmif;ü......oli,fcsif;......ukd ulnDonf/(Z) ......armifoHacsmif;vmonf......jrif......][kdrSm oHacsmif; vmjyD}......atmf[pf.....oli,fcsif;rsm;onf armifoHacsmif;xHokdU......ajy;vm......onf/(ps) armifoHacsmif;ukd ol\ rdbESpfyg;......oli,fcsif;rsm;u......cspfcifMuonfr[kwf? q&m q&mrrsm;u......cspfcifMu.......onf/(n) pdwfoabmaumif;......ulnDwwf......olukd vl......u cspfMurnf......jzpfonf/

    6/ atmufyg uwåm;rsm;ESifh Bud,mrsm;ukd qDavsmfatmif wGJyg/

    &moDOwkawmawmif &nf&G,fcsuf þvrf; ol\qkH;jzwfcsuf&mxl;rsm; tajymtqkd acs vkyfom;jynfolrsm;vlem

    BudKqkdMuonf/a[mufonf/ vdr®monf/ vpfvyfonf/ jywfom;onf/ om,monf/ nnf;wGm;onf/ ajzmifhwef;onf/xlxyfonf/ atmifjrifonf/

    7/ uwåm;wpfckESifh Bud,mwpfck yg&Sdaom 0gus(3)ckukd a&;yg/

    yk'f jzwfyk'f&yfoauFwrsm;

    yk'f jzwfyk'f&y f

    42/ jrefrmpma&;om;&mü t"dyÜm,f&Sif;vif;ap&ef yk'fuav;? yk'fr?0kdufuGif;paom oauFwrsm;ukd tokH;jyKía&;&onf/ xkdoauFwrsm;ukd yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwrsm;[k ac:onf/

    yk'fuav;

    43/ (u) ESpfckxuf ykdaom yk'frsm;tMum;wGif yk'fuav;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / uRJ? EGm;? okd;? qdwf? orif? '&,f? qif? arsmufwkdUonf toD;tESH? t&Guf? opfO? opfzkwkdUukd om pm;onf/ (ykHESdyf&mü yk'frsm;tMum;wGif yk'fuav;ukd rokH;bJ

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • ae&mcsJívnf; &kdufESdyfavh&Sdonf/)

    (c) ESpfckxufykdaom yk'fpkrsm;tMum;wGif yk'fuav;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / opfxkwfvkyfief;wGif obm0aygufyifrsm; rysufpD;ap&ef umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;? opfawm rsm;ukd odyÜHGenf;jzifh jyKpkysdK;axmifjcif;? pepfws csJUxGifpkdufysdK;jcif; paom vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&Guf&onf/

    (*) ckESpf? v? &uf wkdUukd wpfwef;wnf; pOfa&;&mü yk'fuav;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / 1948-ckESpf? Zefe0g&D? 4-&uf? we*FaEGaeU/

    (C) tcsdef? em&DwkdUukd wpfwef;wnf; pOfa&;&müvnf; yk'fuav;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / eHeuf 4-em&D? rdepf-20/

    (i) vdyfpmukd wpfwef;wnf; pOfa&;&mü yk'fuav;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / jrefrmtzGJUOD;pD;Xme? 27? jynfvrf;? 6-rkdicGJ? &efukef/

    (p) tvkyftukdifukd vltrnf\ aemufwGif azmfjy&mü yk'fuav;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / OD;cspfcif? OuúX? &yfuGufjynfolUaumifpD/

    yk'fr/

    46/ (u) 0gustqkH;ü yk'frukd okH;onf/om"u/ / jynfaxmifpk qkd&S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEkdifiHawmfonf ucsif? u,m;? u&if? csif;? jrefrm? rGef?&ckdif? &Srf; ponfh wkdif;&if;om; vlrsdK;pkrsm; pka0;aexkdifMuaom EkdifiHwpfck jzpfonf/

    (c) trSwfpOfukd azmfjy&mü yk'frukd okH;onf/om"u/ /

    trSwfpOf taMumif;t&m

    pmrsufESm

    1/2/3/4/5/

    o'´gtu©&m0gp*Femrf emrfpm;

    125711

  • (*) txufwGif azmfjyjyD;aom taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufwkdUESifh atmufwGif qufvuf azmfjyaom taMumif;t&m? tcsuftvufwkdU wlnDMuaMumif;ukd jy&mü yk'frukd okH;onf/om"u/ /

    pOf trnf 0gp*F usm;^r vdif

    1/2/ 3/

    OD;wifharmifjrifhtbkd;

    emrf/ /

    a,musfm;/ /

    ykv’dif/ /

    0k dufuGif;( )47/ (u) udef;*Pef;jzifh azmfjyaom aiGaMu;ta&twGufukd pmjzifh wdwdusus azmfjyvkdvQif 0kdufuGif;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / 19280^50g; (usyfwpfaxmifukd;&m &Spfq,fESpf ESifh jym;ig;q,fwdwd/)

    (c) pmtkyftrnf\ aemufwGif xkwfa0&mXme? okdUr[kwf pma&;ol\ trnfukd azmfjy&mü 0kdufuGif;ukd okH;onf/om"u/ / jrefrmhhpG,fpkHusrf; (pmayAdrmef)jrefrmhrsufyGifh (aZ,s)

    (*) trnfwl yk*¾dKvfrsm;&SdvQif xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ zciftrnfukdjzpfap? tvkyftukdifukdjzpfap? ae&yffa'oukdjzpfap 0kdufuGif;jzifhjyonf/om"u/ / armifausmf (OD;b)armifausmf (OD;vS)OD;armifarmifBuD; (jrefrmpmygarmu®)OD;armifarmifBuD; (ausmif;q&mBuD;)rcifjyKH; (a&Tbkd)rcifjyHK; (om,m0wD)

    atmufrsOf;

    48/ pmzwfol txl;owdxm;í zwfapcsifaom pum;vkH;? yk'f? 0gusponf wdkUukd

  • atmufrsOf;om;í azmfjyonf/(ykHESdyf&mü pmvkH;rnf;jzifhvnf; jywwfonf/)om"u/ / -ouf&SdoufrJh? j'yf&Sdj'yfrJhwkdU\ trnf[lorQukd emrf[kac:onf/-þ0gusü rsm;onf ta&twGuf wpfckxuf ykdaMumif;ukd jyonf/

    rsOf;wk d

    49/ (u) &ufpGJukd twkda&;&mü rsOf;wkduokH;onf/ (rsOf;apmif;? yk'fuav; ukdvnf;okH;onf/)om"u/ / 4-1-48

    (c) *Pef;jzifh a&;aom usyf? jym;ukd azmfjy&mü rsOf;wkdukd okH;onf/(rsOf;apmif;ukdvnf; okH;onf/)om"u/ / 1982d- 50g;

    rsOf;apmif; ^50/ (u) &ufpGJukd twkda&;&mü rsOf;apmif;ukd okH;onf/ (rsOf;wkd? yk'fuav; ukdvnf; okH;onf/)om"u/ / 4^1^48

    (c) *Pef;jzifh a&;aom usy? jym;wkdukd azmfjy&mü rsOf;apmif;ukd okH;onf/ (rsOf;wkdukdvnf; okH;onf/)om"u/ / 1582d^50g;

    pum;vkH;tnTef;

    Bud = Bud,mBud0d = Bud,m0daooepnf; = ypönf;

    e = emrfep = emrfpm;e0d = emr0daooe

    0d = 0dbwforf = orÁE¨tm = tmar!dwf

    pmrsufESm pmrsufESmu c u(orf)umvuH

    43/6? 26/6/

    cJ(pnf;)ckduf (orf)cifAsm; (ep)

    48/43/12/

    ukd (0d) 36? 38/ csnf; (pnf;) 48/

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#content

  • uwåm;udfef;

    6? 53? 54/16? 18? 20/

    iig (ep) 12/

    ukef (pnf;)usKyf (ep) Mu (pnf;)

    48/ 12/ 48/

    nnnf; (ep)w

    12/

    Bud,mBud,m0daooe uRefawmf (ep)

    6? 22? 53? 54/6? 31? 32/12/

    awmh (pnf;)wkdU (pnf;)wkef; (orf)

    48/48/43/

    uREkfyf (ep)uRefr (ep)

    12/12/ wGif (0d) 38/

    xxkd (ep)xkdtcg (orf)

    12/43/

    yyg (pnf;)ay (pnf;)

    48/48/

    xkdUaMumifh (orf)xkdUjyif (orf)

    43/43/

    yif (pnf;)ypönf;ypöKyÜefumv

    48/6? 47? 48/26/

    'j'yfrJhemrf 'Gdvdif

    8/17/18/

    ypöKyÜefumvjyBud,m0dbwfyk'fuav;yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf

    27? 37/58? 59/58/

    eeykv’dif 17? 18/

    yk'frykv’difjyD (0d)

    59? 60/16? 18/26? 27? 37? 38/

    emr0daooeeif (ep)Ekdif (pnf;)

    6? 28? 29/12/48/

    zjzifh (0d) 36? 38/

    emrfemrfpm;ESifh (pnf;)

    6?7/6? 12/48/

    jzpfap...jzpfap (orf)

    A

    43/

    ESifh (0d) 38/ A[k0kpfudef; 18? 20/

  • ESifh (orf)ESifhwpfjyKdifeuf (orf)

    41? 43/43/

    Asnf;Asnf;tu©&m

    4/2/

    ES,f (pnf;)ü (0d)

    48/36? 38/

    bbJESifh (orf) 43/

    rr (pnf;) armufcs

    48/4/

    vvm; (pnf;) vkd (pnf;)

    48/48/

    rif; (ep) rdrd (ep) rnf (0d)

    12/12/27? 37/

    vdif 4if; (ep) vwåHU (0d)

    16? 18/12/27/

    rnfh (pnf;)rsm;(pnf;)rsOf;apmif;

    48/47?48/62/

    vsuf (orf)vQif(orf)

    43/43/

    rsOf;wkd rS (0d) rS (orf)

    61/ 35? 38/ 43/

    0 0gus0gp*F

    5? 53/5/

    rSm (0d) 38/0dbwf 0Hh (pnf;) 0kdufuGif;

    6? 35? 38/ 48/60? 61/

    & 0kdufcs 0,f (0d)

    4/ 38/

    & (pnf;) &J (pnf;)&uf (pnf;)

    48/48/ 48/

    o

    ojzifh (orf)

    43/

    í (orf) &Sm (pnf;) &Sif (ep)

    43/ 40/12/

    o&oauFwo&tu©&m om (pnf;)

    3/2/ 47? 48/

    omru (orf) ol (ep)

    43/12/

    t2? 3/

  • aom (pnf;) 47? 48/ tajccHo& aomaMumifh (orf) aomtcg (orf) aomf (orf)

    41? 43/ 42? 43/ 43/

    twkdif; (pnf;) twdwfumv twdwfumvjyBud,m0dbwf

    48/26/27? 37/

    aomfvnf; (orf)

    okdU (0d) okdUr[kwf (orf)

    42? 43/ 35? 38/ 43/

    twGuf (0d) twGuf (orf) tem*wfumv

    38/43/26? 27/

    okdU&mwGif (orf)oufrJhj'yf&Sdemrf oufrJhj'yf&Sdemrf

    42? 43/ 8/8/

    toHtmar!dwf tm; (0d)

    1/6? 51/36? 38/

    oif (ep) oif&kd;o&oifh (pnf;)

    12/ 3/ 48/

    tHh (0d) tu©&m atmufrsOf;

    27/ 2/61/

    onf (0d) onfh (pnf;) o'´

    26? 27? 35? 36/ 48/1/

    £wådvdif þ (ep)

    17? 18/12/

    o'´g orÁE¨

    1/ 6? 41-43/

    {u0kpfudef; \ (0d)

    18-20/26? 27? 37? 38/

    Contents of this pageEnd of TIL file

    http://www.tuninst.net/BG-MLC/BG-MLC1-1/BGo1-1.html#Cont-this-pg

    Myanmar Grammar: MLC in three volumesjrefrmo'´gtwGJ (1)? tcef; (1)trSmpm

    rmwdumo'´gtu©&m