Mon., Sept. 14, 2015

Chapter 1

Pages 11-21

What is Demography?The study of

human populations,

including their size, growth,

density, distribution, and

rates of birth, marriage, and

deaths.

Population Density

•The number of people living per unit of an area (usually per square mile).

Birth RateThe number of live births each year per 1000 people in a population.Death RateThe number of deaths each year per 1000 people in a population.

Total Fertility RateAverage number of children that women have.

Demographic Transition• Definition – the change from HIGH

birth/death rates to LOW birth/death rates – usually accompanies a cluster of other changes such as change from subsistence economy (families produce own food) to a cash economy (families purchase necessities with $), increased education rates, and urbanization

Migration• The movement of people from one location to another in any setting, whether within a community, within a country, or between countries.

EmigrantA person who exits a country to live elsewhere.

ImmigrantA person who moves into a country.

Migration Factors

•Push Factors – Problems that “push” people out of one area into another. Ex. Hunger, landlessness, political instability, etc.

•Pull Factors – Benefits that “pull” people into a new area. Ex. Jobs, housing, etc.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG):

birth rate + immigration rate =

death rate + emigrant rate

Age Structure Diagrams (Often Called Population

Pyramids)• Classifies a population by gender and by 5

year increments. May classify a population by pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive phases.

• We’re going to draw the shape of what a country looks like with rapid, slow, zero, or negative growth

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):The total market value of all the

goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specific time period.

GDP Per Capita: GDP divided by the total population of a country. Average.Population Below Poverty Line: Percentage of population making less than GDP per capita.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)• Definition: the amount that the local

currency equivalent of U.S. $1 will purchase in a given country

• GDP Per Capita PPP: the total market value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a nation in a year, divided by the total population of a country and adjusted for purchasing power parity

United Nations Human Development Index (HDI)

• The ranking of countries based on 3 indicators of well being– Life expectancy at birth– Educational attainment– Income adjusted to purchasing power parity

• This is more complex than just looking at the GDP of a country

Developing Country (LDC): Undeveloped economyNo modern technologyNo industrial productionLow standard of livingDependent on developed countries

Developed Country (MDC):Well developed economyModern technologyModern industryHigh standard of living

Characteristic MDC LDC

GDP Per Capita & Income High Low

Percent in Middle Class High Low

Percent in Manufacturing High Low

Energy Use High Low

Percent Urban High Low

Percent Rural Low High

Birth Rate Low High

Death Rate Low Low (higher than MDC)

Population Growth Rate Low High

Percent Under Age 15 Low High

Percent Literate High Low

Leisure Time Available High Low

Life Expectancy High Low

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/