molecules around me chemistry project by: kristoffer stuvstad
TRANSCRIPT
Molecules Around Me Chemistry Project
By: Kristoffer Stuvstad
Category A: Food and Nutritional Supplements
Product Information:
Name: Pepsi
Description: A carbonated soft drink
Ingredients: (all ingredients active) Carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid, natural flavor
Compound 1 – Carbonated WaterMolecular Formula: H2CO3
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Carbonated water is water that contains carbon dioxide that has been dissolved under pressure. It is commonly used in many beverages, such as cocktails, whiskey, and soda. Flavored carbonated water can be found in sodas that have a fruity flavor. Carbonated water is also considered a diluent. Although carbonated water helps ease indigestion, it can cause decay in your teeth.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 2 – High Fructose Corn Syrup
Molecular Formula: C12H22O11
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: High fructose corn syrup is a group of corn syrups that sweetens foods. It is commonly found in processed foods and beverages, and is 24% water and 76% sugar. Although it may make one’s food taste sweeter, high fructose corn syrup is not considered healthy and causes obesity, heart-related diseases, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 3 – Phosphoric AcidMolecular Formula: H3PO4
It is inorganic because it lacks carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Phosphoric acid is a mineral acid and is a reagent. It is commonly used as a rust remover, a food additive, a dentistry and orthodontics etching solution, an electrolyte, a fertilizer feedstock, and a house cleaning product. Studies have shown phosphoric acid to have caused chronic kidney disease and lower bone density in some cases.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 4 - CaffeineMolecular Formula: C8H10N4O2
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Caffeine is a white, crystal-like xanthine alkaloid and is considered a stimulant. It is commonly found in some seeds, leaves, and fruits. Caffeine is most commonly used in beverages, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks. Many health effects have been found after taking caffeine. For example, some short-term health effects are headache, nausea, insomnia, and anxiety. Some long-term effects discovered are increased blood pressure, development of type 2 diabetes, and sometimes an increased risk of cancer.
Compound information from Wikipedia
Molecular Structure from chem242.wikispaces.com
Compound 5 – Citric AcidMolecular Formula: C6H8O7
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Citric acid is a weak organic acid that makes an acidic and sour taste to beverages and foods. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables, with lemons and limes having the highest concentration. Cosmetics, medicine, photography, and other foods use citric acid. Citric acid can also be used as a cleaning agent and for food coloring.
All information from Wikipedia
Category B: Healthcare and
Medicinal Products
Product Information:
Name: Children’s Tylenol
Description: A medicine for children ages 2-11 that helps ease cold, flu, sore throat, and toothache.
Ingredients: ACTIVE- Acetaminophen INACTIVE- Anhydrous Citric Acid, Butylparaben, D & C Red no. 33, FD & C Blue no. 1, Flavor, Glycerin, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium, Propylene Glycol, Purified Water, Sodium Benzoate, Sorbitol Solution, Xanthan Gum
Compound 1 - AcetaminophenMolecular Formula: C8H9NO2
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain reliever that is commonly used to relieve headache, cold, and flu. It is useful for reducing fever and relieves pain in the central nervous system. However, acetaminophen may cause stomach bleeding, kidney and liver damage, and a high risk of blood cancer. If overdosed, one must immediately contact poison control.
Compound information from Wikipedia
Molecular structure from icep.wikispaces.com
Compound 2 - ButylparabenMolecular Formula: C11H14O3
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Butylparaben is a microbial preservative. It is used in cosmetics, sunscreen, drugs, and certain foods. Butylparaben has been found to cause negative health effects, such as endocrine disruption, breast tumors, and alteration of metabolic hormones.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 3 – Microcrystalline Cellulose
Molecular Formula: (C6H10O5)n
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Microcrystalline cellulose is another name for remade wood pulp. It is also a de-caking agent, a fat substitute, bulking agent, and an alternative for carboxymethyl cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose is commonly found in vitamins and tablets. Although it can cause weight loss, microcrystalline cellulose has been known to have triggered allergic reactions.
Compound information from Wikipedia
Molecular structure from www.ingredientdepot.com
Compound 4 – Propylene GlycolMolecular Formula: C3H8O2
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right (Note: Red is oxygen, gray is carbon, and white is hydrogen.)
Summary: Propylene glycol is a colorless liquid that contains a small, sweet taste. It is a food preservative and can be found in tobacco products, and in de-icing fluids for aircrafts. Although it may cause skin irritation, propylene glycol has a low toxicity.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 5 – Xanthan GumMolecular Formula: C35H49O29
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide that is commonly used as a food additive and a food thickening agent. It is found in foods such as salad dressings, sauces, and ice cream. Xanthan gum is also used to thicken drilling mud in the oil industry. Xanthan gum has been discovered to cause necrotizing enterocolitis and certain allergies.
Compound Information from Wikipedia
Molecular structure from www.lsbu.ac.uk
Category C: Personal Hygiene and Cleaning
Products
Product Information:
Name: Scope Mouthwash
Description: A mouthwash that freshens one’s breath
Ingredients: Glycerin, Polysorbate 80,Sodium Saccharin, Sodium Benzoate, Cetylpyridium Chloride, Benzoic Acid, Blue 1, and Yellow 5
Compound 1 - GlycerinMolecular Formula: C3H8O3
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right (Note: Red is oxygen, gray is carbon, and white is hydrogen.)
Summary: Glycerin is a sugar alcohol which is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations, and contains a low toxicity. It is also used as a sweetener, a medicinal product, and as a personal care product. General items that use glycerin are cough syrups, toothpastes, mouthwashes, skin & hair care products, and soaps. Glycerin improves exercise and can cause weight loss.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 2 – Sodium SaccharinMolecular Formula: C7H4NNaO3S
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right (Note: Black is carbon, white is hydrogen, red is oxygen, blue is nitrogen, and yellow is sulfur.)
Summary: Sodium saccharin is an artificial sweetener that contains no food energy. It is sweeter than sucrose, and contains a metallic aftertaste. Sodium saccharin is used to sweeten foods, drinks, candy, medicine, and toothpaste. It can travel through the digestive system without being digested, and can trigger insulin in humans. Sodium saccharin is also non-water soluble.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 3 – Sodium BenzoateMolecular Formula: NaC7H5O2
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right.
Summary: Sodium benzoate is commonly used as a food preservative. It can be found in acids like vinegar, carbonated drinks, and fruit juices. Sodium benzoate is also found in medicines, cosmetics, and fireworks. Although sodium benzoate can cause hyperactive behavior, it can help as an add-on therapy in schizophrenia.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 4 – Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Molecular Formula: C21H38ClN
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Cetylpyridinium chloride is a cationic ammonium commonly found in medicinal and personal care products. Some products that use this are mouthwashes, toothpaste, lozenges, breath and nasal sprays. It has been discovered to kill bacteria and helps prevent plaque and gingivitis in the teeth.
All information from Wikipedia
Compound 5 – Benzoic AcidMolecular Formula: C7H6O2
It is organic because it contains carbon.
Molecular structure on right
Summary: Benzoic acid is a crystalline solid in which its salts are used as food preservatives. It is commonly found in fruit juice, sparkling drinks, soft drinks, pickles, and medicines. Benzoic acid is also used for calibrating a bomb calorimeter. Although benzoic acid has been discovered to affect the liver and kidneys in some cases, it is not considered as toxic.
Compound information from Wikipedia
Molecular structure from msdsmkrchemicals.blogspot.com