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VISUAL 1 Module 1 – Aims & legal aspects of first aid First aid is the emergency care provided to an ill or injured person before medical care is available. First aid training teaches you to recognise and respond appropriately to an emergency. The skills are easy to learn and are invaluable to have, whether in the home, at work, in the street, the sporting field or elsewhere. Even basic skills can at times be life saving and the rewards can be immense, especially if the victim is a family member or friend, but even if the person you help is a complete stranger.

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Page 1: Module 1 –Aims legal aspects of first aid12slrmdcc.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/8/2/18823226/module_01...VISUAL 1 Module 1 –Aims & legal aspects of first aid First aid is the emergency

VISUAL 1

Module 1 – Aims & legal aspects of first aid

First aid is the emergency care provided to an ill or injured person before medical care is available.  First aid training teaches you to recognise and 

respond appropriately to an emergency.  The skills are easy to learn and are invaluable to have, whether in the home, at work, in the street, the 

sporting field or elsewhere.  Even basic skills can at times be life saving and the rewards can be immense, especially if the victim is a family member or 

friend, but even if the person you help is a complete stranger.

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First Aid Instructor PowerPointby John Lippmann & David Natoli© J Lippmann & D Natoli 2007© J. Lippmann & D. Natoli, 2007All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or anyinformation storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission from theauthors.Lippmann, John.

Published by J.L. Publications,a Division of Submariner Publications P/L,ABN 39 059 509 474PO Box 387 Ashburton, Vic. 3147, Australia.Tel/Fax: +61‐3‐9886 0200;E il jl b @bi dEmail: jlpubs@bigpond.net.auwww.submarinerpublications.comAcknowledgementsThe authors wish to sincerely thank the following people for their contributions andeditorial comments: Dr. David Pescod, Assoc. Prof. John Williamson, Prof. Vic Callanan,Assoc. Prof. Julian White, Dr. Peter Sullivan, Tony Walker and Mick Jackson.

Published for the Royal Life Saving Society AustraliaSuite 6 Level 4 173‐179 Broadway (cnr Mountain St), Broadway NSW 2007Tel 02 8217 3111Fax 02 8217 3199www.royallifesaving.com.au

Royal Life Saving Society Australia wishes to acknowledge the contribution to this publication of RLSS‐New SouthWales through Operations Manager Michael Ilinsky.

Royal Life Saving wishes to acknowledge the dedicated and professional team of staff andvolunteers who will use this valuable first aid publication to train and assess communityp ylifesavers in schools, communities, corporates and across various industries almost every day.

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What is first aid?VISUAL 1.1

What is first aid?

First aid is the emergency care provided to anFirst aid is the emergency care provided to an ill or injured person before medical care is availableavailable.

Fi id i i h i dFirst aid training teaches you to recognise and respond appropriately to an emergency.

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Aims of first aidVISUAL 1.2

Aims of first aid

• Preserve lifePreserve life

• Protect the unconscious casualty

f h i j i• Prevent further injury or pain

• Promote recovery

• Procure medical aid

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Responsibilities of the first aiderVISUAL 1.3

Responsibilities of the first aider

• Ensure personal health and safetyEnsure personal health and safety

• Maintain a caring attitude

i i• Maintain composure

• Maintain up to date knowledge and skills (in accordance with State / Territory legislation).

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Good Samaritan LawVISUAL 1.4

Good Samaritan Law

• No obligation to act as a Good SamaritanNo obligation to act as a Good Samaritan

• Individuals are under no duty to rescue or provide first aid (unless a duty of care is owed)provide first aid (unless a duty of care is owed)– Please note: variations do exist in State / Territory legislation

• BUT – first aiders have a moral duty to aid• BUT  first aiders have a moral duty to aid fellow human beings in a time of crisis

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NegligenceVISUAL 1.5

Negligence

• Negligence means carelessness, or the failureNegligence means carelessness, or the failure to behave in the manner expected by the community when dealing with others.

• Therefore, in a negligence claim, the plaintiffTherefore, in a negligence claim, the plaintiff must prove the following:– Duty of carey– Standard of care– Foreseeability and proximity.

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Duty of careVISUAL 1.6

Duty of care

• A duty of care arises when at law there isA duty of care arises when, at law, there is sufficient relationship between one person and another Examples:and another.  Examples:– Teachers and their students

Employers and their employees– Employers and their employees

– Outdoor adventurers and their clients

Motor ehicle sers and other road sers and– Motor vehicle users and other road users and pedestrians

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NOTEVISUAL 1.7

NOTE

Once a person begins to provide first aid aOnce a person begins to provide first aid, a duty of care is established and the first aider is required to act in accordance with trainingrequired to act in accordance with training and experience, if any.

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Standard of careVISUAL 1.8

Standard of care

• The standard of care has been described as the standard of a reasonable person.  This standard means a person is obliged to take such care as a reasonable person, having due regard to the consequences of his p g g qor her actions.

• The following could be used to establish an appropriate standard of care:standard of care:– The amount of training the person has– Rules or standards set by authorising groups (e.g. the employer)employer)

– The evidence of experts (e.g. Australian Resuscitation Council)

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Foreseeability & proximityVISUAL 1.9

Foreseeability & proximity

• Proximity: involves establishing that theProximity: involves establishing that the plaintiff’s injury is directly linked to the area of the defendant’s responsibilitythe defendant s responsibility.

• Foreseeability: involves the action or lack of action by a person or persons which results inaction by a person or persons which results in a risk of injury.

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Therefore:VISUAL 1.10

Therefore:

• First aiders could be expected to:First aiders could be expected to:– Use reasonable care in assessing the priorities of the situation based on their level of training

– Take steps to call for further medical assistance– Keep the casualty stabilised until medical assistance arrives

– Follow established treatment and management protocolsprotocols

– Not misrepresent themselves or take unnecessary risks.risks.

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ConsentVISUAL 1.11

Consent

• A first aider must seek permission from theA first aider must seek permission from the victim prior to providing first aid.

• If the victim is unresponsive or unable to• If the victim is unresponsive or unable to communicate, the law assumes that consent would have been given by the victimwould have been given by the victim.

• If the victim is a child, the consent of a parent l l di h ld b h hor legal guardian should be sought where 

possible.

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RecordingVISUAL 1.12

Recording

• First aiders should keep a written record ofFirst aiders should keep a written record of any incident where they provide first aid.

• Such records can be used as legal documentsSuch records can be used as legal documents in court and therefore should be written clearly, accurately and concisely.

REMEMBER: Appropriate confidentiality mustREMEMBER:  Appropriate confidentiality must be maintained to protect the privacy of the victim.