mobility behaviour in different car sharing variants...– 740 cities with car sharing (7 big cities...

This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513

Mobility behaviour in different car sharing variants

SHARE North Webinar, 15 March 2019

Gunnar Nehrke, Bundesverband CarSharing e.V.


Car sharing in Germany

Car sharing market (as of 01.01.2019)

– 20.200 Car sharing cars

– 2.460.000 Customers

– 740 Cities with car sharing (7 big cities with free-floating services)

– 165 Operators

Bundesverband CarSharing e.V.

– since 1998

– 151 Operators


Market segments in Germany

Number of vehicles

Number of customers

Roundtrip Free-floating

Biggest operators (by number of vehicles)

Free-floating Roundtrip


Impact of car sharing on urban mobility

Less space consumption: Up to 20 private cars substituted by 1 car sharing car*

*Result for roundtrip car sharing

in 16 inner city areas in Germany

bcs 2016


Impact of car sharing on urban mobility

Change of mobility behaviour: More trips done with sustainable modes

Subjective change in travel

behaviour in households that got

car-free directly before or after

joining car sharing.

Results for roundtrip car sharing

in 16 inner city areas in Germany

bcs 2016


Aim:

Study the differences in mobility behaviour and attitudes towards car sharing

… in different car sharing variants

… under controllable “best practice” circumstances for car sharing adoption

Study overview:

Defined areas of investigation in Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart

1.122 responding car sharing customers

185 non-users

Online survey send out by car sharing operators (non users: white mail)

Year: 2018

STARS case study in Germany


Areas of investigation

Frankfurt Stuttgart

Cologne


Car sharing variants in German case study

Roundtripstation-based

stadtmobil (Stuttgart, Frankfurt),

cambio (Cologne)

homezone-based -

Free-floatingwith operational area car2go (Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Cologne)

with pool stations -

Combined free-floating + roundtrip book-n-drive (Frankfurt)

Peer-to-peer homezone-based Drivy (national sample)


User groups: Single and multiple membership Groups # of participants %

Roundtrip (stationbased) 269 24,0 %

Free-floating (with operational area) 190 16,9 %

Peer-to-peer (homezone based) 131 11,7 %

Combined (Roundtrip + Free-floating) 157 14,0 %

total 747 66,6 %

Roundtrip + Free-floating 159 14,2 %

Roundtrip + Peer-to-peer 15 1,3 %

Free-floating + Peer-to-peer 64 5,7 %

Combined + Roundtrip 38 3,4 %

Combined + Free-floating 33 2,9 %

Combined + Peer-to-peer 2 0,2 %

total 311 27,7 %

Roundtrip + Free-floating + Peer-to-peer 30 2,7 %

Combined + Roundtrip + Free-floating 34 3,0 %

total 64 5,7 %


User groups: Focus of STARS analysis

Groups # of participants %

Roundtrip (stationbased) 269 24,0 %

Free-floating (with operational area) 190 16,9 %

Combined (Roundtrip + Free-floating) 157 14,0 %

total 747 54,9 %

Roundtrip + Free-floating 159 14,2 %

total 906 69,1 %


Car stock

108 104

485

173

484

0

100

200

300

400

500

Roundtrip Combined Free-floating Roundtrip + Free-floating

Non-User

Cars per 1.000 persons in households


Development of car stock

42% 40%

82%

68%

34% 36%

95%

58%

Roundtripn = 269

Combinedn = 157

Free-floatingn = 190

Roundtrip +Free-floating

n = 158

Non-Usern = 184

12 months before CS when joining CS now

98 c

ars

175 c

ars

193 c

ars

103 c

ars

187 c

ars


Car-free households

77% 78%

35%

54%

81%78%

32%

68%

25%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Roundtripn = 269

Combinedn = 157

Free-floatingn = 190

Roundtrip +Free-floating

n = 158

Non-Usern = 184

Car-free households when joining CS Car-free households now


Parallel use of car sharing and private car?

40%

38%

13%

57%

53%

25%

30%

17%

22%

26%

14%

9%

19%

11%

9%

13%

8%

22%

5%

6%

8%

15%

29%

6%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Non-User

Roundtrip + Free-floating

Free-floating

Combined

Roundtrip

1 = strongly disagree 2 3 4 5 = strongly agree

„Car sharing is an additional product to a private car.“


What are reasons for the differences found in car sharing variants?


Attitude towards car

11%

5%

4%

8%

12%

20%

15%

8%

17%

18%

33%

30%

11%

24%

31%

22%

27%

29%

26%

29%

14%

23%

48%

25%

10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Non-User

Roundtrip + FF

Free-floating

Combined

Roundtrip


„Driving a car ist fun.“


Attitude towards car sharing

13%

11%

19%

4%

3%

17%

10%

24%

11%

11%

28%

18%

24%

20%

22%

27%

31%

20%

25%

32%

14%

30%

13%

40%

31%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Non-User

Roundtrip + FF

Free-floating

Combined

Roundtrip


„Car sharing is a full replacement for a private car.“


Satisfaction with car sharing

17%

3%

19%

4%

36%

10%

23%

49%

4%

34%

Statbas + Ff:Zufriedenheit mit Free-floating

Statbas + Ff:Zufriedenheit mit Stationsbasiert

7%

3%

24%

4%

39%

27%

24%

48%

4%

17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Statbas + Ff:Zufriedenheit mit Free-floating

Statbas + Ff:Zufriedenheit mit Stationsbasiert

1 = sehr unzufrieden 2 3 4 5 = sehr zufrieden

Satisfaction with availability of cars

Satisfaction with costs

Parallel RT/FF users,

Satisfaction with Roundtrip


Satisfaction with Roundtrip


Satisfaction with Free-floating


Satisfaction with Free-floating

very unsatisfied very satisfied


Do car sharing variants have different impacts on other modes?


Roundtrip Free-floating

Lenght of booking

(h)5:43 7:38 0:30 0:48

Distance travelled

(km)53 84 9 13

CiteeCar,

München,

EVA-CS

Flinkster,

München,

EVA-CS

car2go,

München,

EVA-CS

DriveNow,

München,

Kopp 2015

Different patterns of car sharing use


Different use-cases in different variants

Roundtrip & combined: Longer and planned trips (e.g. bulkshopping, trip out of town, visit friends in another town)

= classic use-cases for a car

Free-floating: Spontanous, short inner-city trips (e.g. dinner in a restaurant, shopping in the city)

= new use-cases for a car (triggered by ability to go one-way)


Example 1: Trip purposes and car sharing

61%

26%

66%

15%

15%

42%

15%

41%

41%

30%

30%

17%

40%

41%

9%

3%

2%

5%

3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Non-user

Roundtrip + FF

Free-floating

Combined

Roundtrip

Private car CarSharing PT+Bike+Walking Other

Bulk shopping


Example 2: Trip purposes and car sharing

Going to a restaurant for dinner

10%

6%

19%

2%

4%

8%

20%

5%

1%

84%

84%

61%

93%

94%

6%

1%

1%

2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Non-user

Roundtrip + FF

Free-floating

Combined

Roundtrip

Private car CarSharing PT + Bike + Walking Other


Change in mode-use because of car sharing: PT

22%

11%

19%

24%

18%

34%

12%

10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Roundtrip + FF

Free-floating

Combined

Roundtrip

… more often … as often … less often

„After joining car sharing i use public transport …“


Frequency of car sharing use

11%

17% 18%

2%

41%

45%

37%

15%

33%

27%

31%

53%

15%

11%13%

31%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Stationsbasiert Kombiniert Free-floating Peer-to-peer CarSharing

mind. 1 x pro Woche mind. 1 x im Monat mind. 1 x im halben Jahr mind. 1 x im Jahr

Free-floatingCombinedRoundtripPeer-to-peer

Minimum 1 per week Minimum 1 per month Minimum 1 in 6 months Minimum 1 per year


Public transport seasonal tickets

68%

55%47% 47%

66%

38%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Roundtrip Combined Free-floating Peer-to-peer Roundtrip + FF Non-User


ConclusionsIn inner-city urban areas with good availability of car sharing and public transport:

Free-floating car sharing is often used parallel to private car.

Roundtrip and combined variants produce more car-free households - so doesparallel roundtrip/free-floating use (= roundtrip seems to be the main reason forliving car-free).

Free-floating is used for short inner-city trips.

Roundtrip is used for planned, longer lasting activities (= classic use-cases forprivate cars).

To replace as many private cars as possible, the ability of free-floating to attractcar owners needs to be connected with the ability of roundtrip car sharing toreplace private cars.

Thank you

Get in touch for more information!

www.carsharing.dewww.stars-h2020.eu

[email protected]@gmail.com

@StarsH2020 @bcs_eV

The contents of this presentation reflect only the author’s view. The European Commission and INEA

are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Gunnar NehrkeBundesverband CarSharing e.V.Schönhauser Allee 141 B10437 Berlin

mobility behaviour in different car sharing variants...– 740 cities with car sharing (7 big cities...

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