mis 205 chapter 5
TRANSCRIPT
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IT Infrastructure and EmergingTechnologies
Chapter Five (10thed)
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Denitions of ITI
ITI is a set of rm wide services budgeted bymanagementand comprising both human andtechnical capailities that provide services toemplo!ees" customers" and suppliers.
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#ignicance of IT Infrastructure
IT infrastructure (ITI) is the foundation for
#erving customers
$or%ing with suppliers and
&anaging internal usiness processes An example: If you are a bank and you want to
sell banking services (savings checking carloans home loans brokerage accounts etc! to all
of your customers on a global level your choicesof ITI will make or break you.
ITI is critical component of an! usinessstrateg!
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'isting of the #ervices from the#econd Denition of ITI
Computing platformsthat provide computingservices
Telecommunication
services provide datavoice and videoconnectivity
pplication softwareservices provide accessto #$% &' '$ and)
h!sical facilitiesmanagement services
IT management servicesforplanning and managingITI
IT standards services for
developing policies IT education services
that provide training IT research and
development servicesfor developing future
pro*ects Data management
services that managedata and provide analysistools
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Evolution of IT Infrastructure
*eneral+purpose mainframe and minicomputerera, (1-.- to present)
ersonal computer era, (1-/1 to present)
Clientserver era, (1-/ to present)
Enterprise internet computing era, (1--2 to
present)
Cloud Computing Era (2000 to present)
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Technolog! Drivers ofInfrastructure Evolution
&oore3s law and microprocessing power
&icroprocessor power (&I#) doules ever! 1/months
4umer of transistors on a chip doules ever! 1/months
Cost of computing falls ! 5 ever! 1/ months
4ear future will continue" ut heat issues andconsumer needs ma! slow this process
The law of mass digital storage
The numer of %ilo!tes stored for 61 has douledever! 1. months since 1-.0
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#even 7e! InfrastructureComponents
'omputer ardware %latforms
/perating &ystem %latforms
#nterprise &oftware Applications
0ata anagement and &torage 1etworkingTelecommunications %latforms
Internet %latforms
'onsulting and &ystem Integration &ervices
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Estimated #i8e of 9#Infrastructure Components (200.)
E:penditure (illions) ; of total
'omputer hardware 4+, 56
/perating system platforms 447 36
#nterprise and other IT soft
apps
253 456
0atabase mgmt and storage +2 "6
1etworking and telecom 3-5 ,76
Internet platforms ", 26
'onsulting services 4"7 56
Total 4,28
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Computer
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Computer #oftware latforms
>perating s!stems 'lient /& dominated by some form of icrosoft
;indows &erver /& dominated by inux
a*or providers of
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Data &anagement and #torage
Data management software /racle and I9 dominate the market. icrosoft (&?> &erver! and &ybase tend to serve
smaller @rms. /pen source >inux y&?>
Data storage hardwareThe hard disk market is consolidating around a few
huge @rms like #' and smaller %' hard disk @rmslike &eagate axtor and ;estern 0igital
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4etwor%ingTelecommunications
latforms 4etwor% operating s!stems
>A1& are dominated by ;indows &erver otherplayers include 1ovell >inux and inux or
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Internet latforms
This area overlaps with networ%ing"
hardware" and software platforms Internet hardware server mar%et
0ell % and I9
#ome $e software tools
Adobe software (0reamweaver and Clash!
;eb&phere from I9 to manage a ;eb site
Apache server is an open source software toolfor managing stored ;eb pages on a server
(on 37 percent of all ;eb servers!
ava from &un for interactive applications
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Consulting and #!stem Integration#ervices
ost @rms today even large @rms cannotdevelop their systems without signi@cant outsidehelp.
D4"7 billion annually spent on computer systemdesign and related business services likebusiness process redesign in the
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Contemporar! verview
Cost of IT infrastructure is rising
Cost of computing services and software Intensit! of computing B communications has increased
reuiring more powerful networ%s and client devices
>ther challenges
Integration of data across platforms
Infrastructures must withstand huge spi%es in demandand continual assaults from hac%ers
n+Demand (utilit!) Computing
utonomic Computing
Airtuali8ation and multicore processors
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Integration of Computing andTelecommunications latforms
Increasingl! computing ta%es place over thenetwor%?
Client level, integration of cell phones and#martphones
Television" video" and radio move towarddigital production?
#erver level, The integration of voicetelephone and the Internet ring together
two historicall! separate and distinct gloalnetwor%s?
The networ% in man! respects is the source
of computing power?
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>n+Demand (9tilit!) ComputingAariation of Cloud Computing
Firms o+loading pea% demand forcomputing power to remote" large+scaledata processing centers
Developed ! I&" #94" and
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utonomic Computing
utonomic computing is an industr!+wide eort
to develop s!stems that can, 'on@gure optimiFe and tune themselves eal themselves when broken %rotect themselves from outside intruders and selfG
destruction
$h! is there a need for this 'omputer systems (both hardware and software!
have become so complex that the cost of managingthem has risen.
Thirty to @fty percent of a companyHs IT budget is
spent preventing or recovering from systemcrashes. /perator error is the most common cause of
crashes. E:ample, $indows G and &a: G >#
automaticall! download patches and updates?48
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Airtuali8ation and &ulticorerocessors
oth of these techniues are designed toreduce power consumption
Virtualizationis the process of presenting a set ofcomputing resources so that they can be access inmultiple ways without regard to physical
con@guration or geographical location irtual version of hardware platform /& &torage etc
#g. ;indows /& on ac/&= as a Virtual Machine(Platform Virtualization)
#g. &eparating logical desktop from physical machineduring 1&< Advicing (Desktop Virtualization)
#g. ounting a disk image on to a virtual drive(Storage Virtualization)
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ulticore processors
As the clockspeed of cpus increased theamount of heat generated and electricityconsumed increased.
&olution is to use two or more slower
processors to generate the same computingpower but reduce heat and power consumption
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#oftware latform Trends,>verview
'inu: and the open+source softwaremovement
Hava
#oftware for enterprise integration
#nterprise wide systems >inkage to older systems and applications
HG" &ashups and $e+ased softwareapplications
#oftware outsourcing
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The >pen+#ource #oftware&ovement
>pen+source software is free and can e modied ! users?
Developed and maintained ! a worldwide networ% ofprogrammers and designers under the management of usercommunities
&a=or e:amples include 'inu:" Firefo: (rowser)" and pache($e server software that resides on the server and delivers$e content to !our rowser)
J 'inu: is the most widel! used open+source software program?'inu: is an operating s!stem derived from 9ni:?
I9 % Intel 0ell and &un have adopted and support >inux. >inux is
a ma*or alternative to ;indows server and even client operatingsystems
>inux runs on all ma*or hardware platforms mainframes servers and
clients
a*or threat to icrosoft
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Hava
A programming language that is independent of
the operating system and hardware processor. Applications written in ava can run on any
hardware for which a ava virtual machine hasbeen de@ned.
Anytime an ob*ect moves or input is reKuired from
a user a ava applet has been employed Applets are small ava programs that are
downloaded from the server.
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HG
A*ax (asynchronous ava&cript and =>! is a group ofinterGrelated ;eb development tools for creatinginteractive ;eb applications . A*ax enables increased
responsiveness and interactivity of ;eb pages byexchanging small amounts of data with the serverLbehind the scenesL so entire ;eb pages do not haveto be reloaded each time there is a need to fetch datafrom the server. ava&cript is the language in which
AA= function calls are usually made.M4
A*ax is one form of a set of related techniKues called
rich Internet applications ($IA!. AdobeHs Clash isanother member of $IA.
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$e+ased pplications
The *oogle model *oogle delivers a numer of applications including a
word processor" spreadsheet" email" instantmessaging" and a calendar in a suite called *ooglepps?
9sers pa! a suscription fee that provides unlimitedusage for a specied time?
ll of the apps and data are stored on *oogle servers?
*oogle uses =a: and other @I tools to do this?
Enterprise software rms li%e # and >racle are also
delivering software in this same manner The *oogle model is a direct threat to &icrosoft3s
usiness model
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;eb 9ased Applications
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Noho $eaderG/OcePou/&G;eb/&EmailG;ebmail
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&ashups
mashup is a $e application that cominesdata andor functionalit! from more than onesource? The term is derived from the hip hoppractice of uilding a new song ! cominingparts of other songs?
E:ample mashups T!pical mashups comine mapping and satellite
image software with local content (seehttp,housingmaps?comor http,8illow?com)?Enales real estate listings to e displa!ed on
*oogle maps? Celerities lin%ed to maps and ouTue
http,www?mia8aar?comtop100celerities
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http://housingmaps.com/http://zillow.com/http://www.mibazaar.com/top100celebrities/http://www.mibazaar.com/top100celebrities/http://zillow.com/http://housingmaps.com/ -
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#oftware >utsourcing, ac%ages
J rewritten o+the+shelf software uilt ! asoftware compan!
J Eliminates the need for the compan! towrite their own
J vailale for all standard usinessapplications within and across industries
J Includes all the transaction processings!stems mentioned in earlier chapters
J lso includes the large enterpriseapplications
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#oftware >utsourcing, pplication#ervice roviders
J usiness that delivers and manages
applications and computer services from remote
computer centers to multiple users using the
Internet or a private networ%? #oftware is not
installed on the rm3s s!stems? @ather than purchase hardware and software"
rms can go onto the Internet and nd providerswho oer the same functionalit! over theInternet" and charge on a per+user or licenseasis?
E:ample, #alesforce?com provides customerrelationship management and sales forcemanagement services to rms
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#oftware >utsourcing, Custom#oftware
rm contracts custom softwaredevelopment or maintenance of e:istinglegac! programs to outside rms" often inlow+wage countries?
E:ample, Dow Chemical hired I& for 61?1illion to create an integratedcommunication s!stem for .0"000 Dowemplo!ees in J countries?
$h! would Dow not uild this s!stem itself
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&anagement Issues
ITI management must e guided ! the rm3s
need to provide computer+ased services tocustomers" emplo!ees" and suppliers? To thiswisel! the rm must deal with,