mis chapter 04

7/31/2019 MIS CHAPTER 04

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Chapter Objectives

Describe several important trends occurringin computer software.

Give examples of several major types ofapplication and system software.

Explain the purpose of several popularsoftware packages for end user productivityand collaborative computing.

Outline the functions of an operating system.

Describe the main uses of high-level, fourth-generation, object-oriented, and Web-oriented programming languages and tools.


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Categories of Computer Software

General-Purpose

Programs

Application-Specific

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

SystemDevelopment

Programs

ApplicationSoftware

ComputerSoftware

SystemSoftware


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Categories of Computer Software

DevelopmentTools

Special Applications

Hardware

Operating System

Graphics User Interface

Database ManagementSoftware

Databases

Games


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Functions of an Operating System

ResourceManagement TaskManagement

UserInterface

FileManagement

Utilities

and OtherFunctions


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Resource Management

OS uses variety of resources management programsto manage the hardware resources as well as

software resources.

CPU

Memory Processors

I/P and O/P deceives


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Task Managements

TM program of an OS help to accomplish thecomputing tasks of end users.

Access to CPU

Release of resource

High priority task

Allocation and deal location of CPU

multitasking


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File management

OS contains file management programs that controls Creation of file

Deletion of file

access(permission) r w x

To track of physical location on hard disk


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Trends in Computer Software

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

User-WrittenPrograms

MachineLanguages

PackagedPrograms

SymbolicLanguages

OperatingSystems

High-LevelLanguages

DBMSFourth-Generation

LanguagesMicrocomputer

Packages

Natural &Object-Oriented

LanguagesMultipurpose

Graphic- InterfaceNetwork-EnabledExpert-Assisted

Packages

Trend:Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled ApplicationPackages for Productivity and Collaboration

Trend:Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages andTools


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Categories of Programming Languages

Machine LanguagesUse binary codedinstructions

1001 1001

1100 1101

High Level LanguagesUse brief statements

Compute X = Y + Z

Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes

Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions

LOD YADD Z

Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements

Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects that

contain data and actionsDocument.write(Hi There)

First heading

SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS


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10 PRINT HELLO 20 END


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10 PRINT HELLO 20 GOTO 10

30 END


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Programming Language Translation

LanguageTranslationProcess

SourceProgram

MachineLanguage

ObjectProgram

Written inBASIC,

COBOL,etc.

LanguageTranslatorProgram

Compiler

Interpreter Assembler

IF A := BTHEN 1001101

11101010010110

Why do I want the source code?


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Machine LanguagesUse binary codedinstructions

1001 1001

1100 1101

High Level LanguagesUse brief statements

Compute X = Y + Z

Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes

Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions

LOD YADD Z

Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements

Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects that

contain data and actionsDocument.write(Hi There)

First heading

SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS


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Application software types Custom development programming

Expensive

Consultant dependent

Hard to get out of

Within application development

Written within an existing software environment

Examples: Spreadsheets, Database applications

Turn key systems

Little customization dependent on the vendor

Turn it on and run it


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DevelopmentTools

Special Applications

Hardware

Operating System

Graphics User Interface

Database ManagementSoftware

Databases

Games?


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Categories of software: Layering

The hardware is the center The system software operating system

Controls the hardware and supports the application Supports GUI (graphics user interfaces) Controls communications

Development software tools for creatingapplications Programming languages Database management software

Applications softwareThe big area


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Common General- Purpose Applications

A move toward generic applications that can beadapted spreadsheet software and database

software.

Electronic Mail

Word Processing Presentation Graphics

Multimedia

Personal Information Manager

Groupware


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Web Browsers

DiscussionGroups

Surf the Net LaunchInformationSearches

E-MailMultimedia

FileTransfer

Typical uses of a WebBrowser in Internet,

Intranet, and ExtranetEnvironments


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Database Management Packages

DatabaseDevelopment

DatabaseMaintenance

DatabaseInterrogation

ApplicationDevelopment

Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management

Packages


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KeyTechnologies

ofMultimedia

Video Capture

Card

Authoring

Language

StoryboardCompact Disk

Interactive

Sound BoardCompressed

Audio

Digital VideoInteractive

MIDIComputer

Edit System

InteractiveVideo

Digital Audio

Multimedia Technologies


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Business Enterprise Application Software

CustomerRelationshipManagement

HumanResource

Management

Accounting andFinancial

Management

SupplyChainManagement

EnterpriseResourcePlanning

BusinessDecisionSupport


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Summary

Software is more capable Software is more graphic oriented - GUI

Software takes more computer resources

Disk storage and RAM

Databases are more and more dominant Fewer standard computer languages

Software is more object oriented

Web based applications are increasing Database systems
http://../haag2006/CC03.ppthttp://../haag2006/CC03.ppt


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Chapter Summary

Computer software consists of two majortypes of programs: application software thatdirects the performance of a particular enduser task, and system software that controls

and supports the operations of a computersystem.

Application software includes a variety ofprograms that can be segregated into

general-purpose and application-specificcategories.


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Chapter Summary (cont)

System software can be subdivided intosystem management programs and systemdevelopment programs. The former is usedto manage hardware, software, networks, and

data resources. The latter is used by ISspecialists to develop computer programs.

An operating system is an integrated systemof programs that supervises the operations

of the CPU.


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Chapter Summary (cont)

There are 5 major levels of programminglanguages. Language translator programsconvert programming language instructionsinto machine language instructions.

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