mercado part i, ii, iii and appendices.pdf

8/10/2019 Mercado Part I, II, III and appendices.pdf

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Architectural Thesis Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap

Greenbelt IT Hub

GREENBELT IT HUB

A Thesis Presented to the

School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment

Mapua Institute of Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 9

for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Presented by

Mercado, Marianne S.

2011150715

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap

Adviser

December 2014


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Chapter I.1.1 Introduction

Technology has been part of our daily lives , since we live in the information age; for studying,

work or even entertainment. Life became much easier with the help of technology, especially when

storing information and data, saving spaces and papers.

Since the Sumerians of Mesopotamia developed writing, people have been storing and

communicating data. Information technology uses computer and telecommunications equipment for

storing, retrieving, transmitting, manipulating information. It is related to networking, hardware, software

and Internet. It also comprises other information distribution technologies such as televisions and

technologies. This technology allows places all over the world to be connected. That is why many

companies have their own information technology departments for dealing with technical areas of their

businesses. The proposed study will focus on incorporating IT office building with greenbelts and other

innovations for a sustainable design in order to counter and reduce the carbon emission.

Chapter I.1.2 Statement of the Problem

At the present time, most of the office buildings do not have open areas around and are so close

to each other, not allowing air to cross ventilate. These multi-storey buildings produce massive amount of

carbon footprint which contributes to global warming a bigger problem countries all over the world are

currently experiencing. Structures with different gadgets and equipment double the amount of carbon

emission.

The primary purpose of this study is to determine how an office building can produce less carbon

footprint despite of its equipment inside and outside the structure. More specifically, it will attempt to

answer the following questions:

What architectural considerations should be applied in order to maximize the greeneries

around the site?

How will the design of the site and structures affect the users, its surrounding and

neighbors?


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What is the importance of considering every part of nature that can be used, i.e

rainwater?

Chapter I.1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies

The primary goal of this study is to create a sustainable office building for Information

Technology company which produce lesser carbon footprint. It also aims to connect people with the

environment through different instruments and designs. Also, it targets to be an icon in starting a self-

sustainable office building. Strategic planning and allocation of space, beauty and aesthetics, systems,

comfortability of users, orientation, neighboring buildings of the site must be considered.

Chapter I.1.4 Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is the strategic incorporation of the buildings and surroundings in

order to counter carbon footprint being produced. It may provide additional information regarding new

green and sustainable design innovations. This study will help future architects and engineers in

designing a self-sustainable Information Technology building which will provide benefits not only to the

users but the environment.

Chapter I.1.5 Scope and Limitations

The study will only cover architectural planning of the site, Information Technology building and

other establishments needed. It will contain flow of the target and end users. It will also include new

techniques of natural ventilation and sustainability. The proposed study will also comprise with different

landscape development. However, this study will not be concerned on interior spaces which will affect the

psychological behavior of users inside the buildings. It will not also focus on computation of different

consumption of energy.


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Chapter I.1.6 Theoretical Framework

These theoretical frameworks provide complementary information about the study:

Sustainability theory emphases eliminate negative environmental impact completely through

skillful, sensitive design. (McLennan, J.F., 2004)

Passive House Concept consideration of natural movement of heat and air, passive solar gain

and cooling in order to maintain a good internal comfort. A Passive House is a building in which

thermal comfort can be guaranteed by post-heating or post-cooling the fresh-air mass flow

required for a good indoor air quality. (Passive House Institute)

Chapter I.1.7 Conceptual Framework

The framework shows concept and ideas of how the study started. It began with a major

problem currently facing by a lot of countries, affecting not only a large amount of people but also the


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environment. Next is where to solve the problem office buildings related to technology and

communication where a lot of people are related to. These buildings use different equipment and

machines that contribute to the major problem we are facing. Followed by solutions done architecturally,

using the concept of sustainability in spaces and circulation.

Chapter I.1.8 Definition of Terms

Global warming - the recent increase in the world's temperature that is believed to be caused by

the increase of certain gases (such as carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere

Greenbelta belt of parkways, parks

Huba center of activity, or interest; a focal point

Information Technologyis the application of computers and telecommunications technology in

order to store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit information and data

Innovation - a new idea, device, or method

Sustainable - involving methods that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources

Chapter I.1.9 Acronyms

ITInformation Technology

LEEDLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design

BERDE - Building for Ecologically Responsible Design Excellence

Chapter I.2.1 Review of Related Literature

According to Zigenfus thesis entitled Element Analysis of the Green Building Process, the usage

of natural resources and materials available at or near the site is important in becoming green. He stated

that in order for a building to be green, it must be designed with a minimal consumption of resources

especially once the building is occupied. It also concerns the impact on community.

A green building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is designed, built,

renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner. Green buildings are


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designed to meet certain objectives such as protecting occupant health; improving employee

productivity; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact

to the environment. - The California Integrated Waste Management Board

Skurvids Ventilation in Sustainable Office Buildings states that sustainable buildings have a good

effect on the environment and healthy indoor climate. It save energy and lessen the reduction of

pollutants and contaminants. Nowadays, it is important buildings have these factors due to most of the

people spend their lives at work or at home.

Due to the supertyphoon Yolanda and 7.2-magnitude earthquake that hit Visayas last 2013, the

urge to understand green and sustainable building practice along with disaster preparedness is not

recommended in building infrastructure in Manila. SB13 Manila held a conference entitled Sustainable

Buildings, Infrastructures and Communities in Emerging Economies with a goal of inspiring, mobilizing

and building capacities of professionals and stakeholders toward disaster risk management and

sustainable design. SB13 Manila is part of the World Series conducting different aspects of sustainable

building designs.

Chapter I.2.2 Review of Related Studies

Google Headquarters


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Last 2011, Google emitted 1.68 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. They calculate its usage

having 1% of worldwide data center electricity, responsible for approximately 0.01% of total global

demand. Since Google consumes large amount of energy every year, they started going green.

In 2013, Google decided to expand its headquarters and one of the new designs it applied is

green roof. The expansion has been designed by retrofitting existing buildings. They are connected by

bridges, one which is connected to one of the green roofs that has an outdoor caf. Another innovation is

the usage of radiant heating throughout. Google generates power from more than 100,000 solar panels

to heat homes around their area.

Its good for Google, the Earth and for shareholders, said David Radcliffe, Googles vice

president of real estate. If we can dispel the myth that you cant be both green and profitable, then well

be happy about that.

Tax-equity financing is being used by Google, an incentive from the government which allow

them to lower its tax obligation through investing in renewable energy. Everyone will gain from the

movement since these solar projects can produce returns of 10 to 14 percent annually, with half of the

profit tied to incentives, according to Paul Maxwell, director in the energy practice at Navigant Consulting,

California.

Infosys


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Infosys, second largest Information Technology company in India, transformed from one that

commissioned-electricity consuming glass monuments to using natural light and little or no air-

conditioning at all.

India, living by importing energy through using 20% of GDP, Infosys realized the importance of

saving energy. In the new campus of Infosys at Hyderabad, buildings were designed using combination

of different passive design principles consideration of orientation of buildings to minimize heat and

glare, tactically allocation of windows and usage of spectrum of colors, usage of technologies for shading

and radiant cooling, where cold water are being pumped through pipes embedded in concrete. A

laboratory was built in this campus, where building technologies can be researched. The largest

experiment that has been made was half of one building using the most efficient air-conditioning while

the other half radiant cooling, which gave a result of 30% less consumption of electricity over three


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years. With such innovations, Infosys has saved more than $80 million in energy bills in six years.

"Everything we've done can be replicated around the world with no increase in capital costs. Energy

efficiency is like putting money in the bank.", says Rohan Parik, head of infrastructure at Infosys.

The best result of this movement is the influence they made to other clients of consulting firms in

India, like Cisco, Parik stated.

8 Campus Place

Megaworld, a leading real estate developer, committed in providing environmental sustainability,

has made another record for gaining the countrys first LEED Gold -certified building for business process

outsourcing, for the 8 Campus Place Building A.

The building consumes 45% water less than other buildings by using efficient water plumbing

fixtures. Exterior landscape are being maintained using no potable water. Usage of wide glass together

with double glazed gas-filled insulated (Low E) glass was carefully planned to allow penetration of natural

light into the building but reflecting the suns heat away to lessen the need of air-conditioning in the

building.


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The materials used to construct the building contained more than 30% recycled content.

Megaworld also used locally available materials produced in the Philippines. Indoor air quality innovations

were used, including the provision of carbon dioxide sensors to ensure fresh air delivery to occupants.

One Evotech

One Evotech, an Ayala Land BPO facility in Nuvali Technohub in Laguna, bagged silver LEED

certification. This medium-rise building, containing four floors, serves as a model for those who are

concerned with carbon footprints and also to the tenants who will benefit from the innovations and

healthier work environment, enjoying considerable savings. Its energy and water consumptions are below

the registered standards.


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Orientation of the building, sunscreens are considered to sought energy savings for those who

work there. Installation of innovative district cooling air-conditioning system with central plant gave a

greater savings to the building. This system provides chilled water through an underground loop for a

number of buildings. Usage of recycled water is applied for toilet flushing and irrigation, saving as much

as 45% of potable water. Pervious pavements were used to allow rainwater to seep quicker to the water

aquifer which reduces stormwater runoff. Ayala Land resued and recycled construction debris which

generated 87% of on-site construction waste from landfill.

Chapter I.3.1 Research Methodology

The study used several methods mainly descriptive combined with survey, case study, interview

of people related to the study which will attempt to describe the current state of an Information

Technology building.

Chapter I.3.2 Research Instruments

The research instruments that will be used in this study are survey questionnaires, interviews,

ocular assessment. These survey questionnaires and interviews were used to know the target users point

of views while ocular assessment provided information about the flow of the people and connection of

spaces.

Chapter I.3.3 Population Universe and Subject of Study

The sampling groups of the study are the employees of IT companies and IT students.

Chapter I.3.4 Sampling Procedure


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The sampling procedure that will be used is random sampling. Experience of random IT

employees will almost be the same depending on their company. Also, IT students will have different

point of views regarding desirable workplace.

Chapter I.3.5 Research Design

The research design of this study is descriptive. Information and data that will be acquired will

only be described after analyzation and organization.

Chapter I.4 Summary of Findings and Analysis

In this chapter, gathered information and data are organized and analyzed.

Chapter I.4.1 Presentation of Collected Data

a. Quantitative Analysis

In this method, survey questionnaires were used in order to gather data. Questionnaires

have been distributed to 50 variables randomly selected from different schools and offices

related to Information Technology.

The following data are from survey questionnaires for IT students:

What characteristics of a workplace

would you like to have in your

office?

Livable

Green

Enclosed

Others


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In this figure, 48% of respondents chose a green environment for a workplace where they can

relax and be connected to the environment. Followed by a livable workplace with 36% for they believe it

will be efficient and effective. 12% chose other characteristics like interactive, fun, and fully equipped.

Lastly, 4% chose enclosed where they can focus on their work.

In this figure, 62% are willing to change for the benefit of others and become green while 38%

doesnt want to sacrifice their habits.

The following data are from the survey questionnaires for employees of IT companies:

Are you willing to sacrifice some habits

in order to have a sustainable and

green workplace?

Yes

No

Are you satisfied with the design

and spaces of your office building?

Yes

No


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In this figure, 78% of respondents are satisfied with their respective offices while 22% still thinks

of an improvement with their buildings.

In this figure, almost 84% wants commercial establishments inside their building, while almost

78% desires to have parks and gardens around office and almost 64% mainly males like to have game

rooms. 22% proposed for lounge or sleeping areas.

Chapter I.4.2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT)

a. Strengths of the facility

Strategic location of the building is good for the users. Since it is inside Bonifacio Global

City, there are transportation going and leaving the site. The place also gives a sense of security.

The location is also near to establishments like commercial and recreational.

b. Weaknesses of the facility

Few greeneries and parks where users can rest after a walk from bus stops or other

establishments. Vehicular density is large especially during rush hour and Friday nights.

c. Opportunities of the facility

0 20 40 60 80 100

Parks/Gardens

Commercial Establishments

Game Room

Others


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The facility can easily participate in events of Bonifacio Global City. Projects of BGC will

affect site. Since there are various companies inside the CBD, there are opportunities to get more

clients.

d. Threats of facility

The design of the building may not harmonize with buildings around it. Since, BGC is

open to the public, people may enter the site without permission.

Chapter I.4.3 Need Analysis

Figures above are floor plans of Telus, Taguig.

Natural lighting up to the center of the building. Since the building has huge width, sunlight does

not reach the center of the building, thus large energy consumption is done through lighting.

Open spaces (i.e. indoor gardens, roof decks) to allow users to relax and lessen stress. It will

also add aesthetic to the building thru solid and void.

Landscape and greeneries around the building to soften the look of the site and lessen the

stormwater runoff.


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One main hallway to control the circulation

Chapter I.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

For an effective approach to the study, the proponent should further look for problems not only

of the present but also the future. Such approach should consider orientation, neighboring buildings and

sites, ordinances, and comfortability of the users. The proponent should not only concentrate on

aesthetics but on function and its effect to the users and environment. Different methods may be used in

order to come up with an efficient solution. Since we are now facing global warming, the proponent must

consider the buildings longevity and sustainability giving benefit to the owner and a healthier

environment for the users. These movements must not only be for green certification or any award but

for the improvement of architecture and well-being of the people.

Chapter II Research Focus

In this chapter, the proponent will further emphasize the study, showing application of chosen

innovation and ideas to the project.

Chapter II.1 Rationale

The proposed study, with the use of different principles of design, integrated with different

establishments and green application as a hub aims to be a key point and icon of a self-sustained office

building. The studys intention is to apply various innovations that will create a harmonious connection

with the facilities, users and the environment. This study will focus on providing ahead solutions, thinking

of the future condition of the proposed project, to counter further problems. The study will generate

ideas to provide adequate solutions for efficient lighting and energy saving. Since facilities are surrounded

by greeneries, supplementary study of different techniques of landscaping and choosing the suitable

plants will be done. All in all, the studys goal is to produce an efficient solution that will greatly benefi t

users and environment.

Chapter II.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project


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Chapter II.2.1 Principles

Principle of Software Architecture

Software architecture uses a process of defining a structured solution meeting all of technical and

operational requirements while elevating common quality aspects such as performance, security, and

manageability. Decisions and choices to be done should have a rationale behind them. The decisions

have to be right the first time, since reversing may be impossible or expensive. There should be balanced

concern of the system. It involves functionality, usability, resilience, performance, reuse, economic and

technology restrictions, and aesthetic concerns. It has flexible systems where it can adapt to future

requirements. Software architecture are classified dynamic reconfiguration and dynamic architectural type

evolution. The first classification enables changes in the configuration by creating or destroying elements

and links dynamically. While the second introduce new element types and connections or modifying the

current elements. Similarly, the project may apply the flexibility and rational decision-making in software

architecture, using the adaptability of its systems and thinking ahead of the future condition of the

facilities. Usage of reusable materials, longevity and quality of materials and systems to be used must be

considered.

Controlled flow of circulation

Pathways, hallways, corridors must be well-planned in order to avoid clogged spaces. These

public spaces should provide a smooth flow of way for the users comfortability. To avoid crowded

spaces, passageways should be connected with each other except if security and privacy are concerned.

Categorized allocation of spaces

In order to avoid activity commotion, spaces with no relation may not be adjacent to each other.

Categorizing related spaces, having adequate adjacency will avoid people going to unnecessary places,

not destroying the flow of circulation in the site.

Passive lighting and energy-efficient ventilation


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The facilities which will be surrounded by greeneries may benefit from cool air and shade.

Maximizing the use of sunlight, wind, and other elements of the environment will greatly minimize the

energy and water consumption. There are new technologies providing energy-efficient cooling of the

building with a healthier effect to the users. All in all, if systems are well-planned and efficient, maximum

savings will be received by the owner.

Chapter II.2.2 Relevance to the Project

Rational thinking and advanced decision-making in the proposed study will help in the

manageability and longevity of the facilities. It will provide satisfaction for the users and owner since

there are only minimal problems that can be handled. Nowadays, the condition of our surrounding

changes and flexibility can cope up with the change. The proponent must apply adequate flexible

techniques in order for the facilities to be efficient with the changes. There are new innovations which

provide flexible characteristics like prefabricated materials and modular construction. Precise application

of these materials and other systems will help in the longevity of the building.

Time is a great factor in office buildings. Every minute counts. A well-planned facility providing

smooth flow of circulation and categorized spaces will be effective not just energy saving but also time.

This shows that the proponent value the facilitys function and the users comfortability.

Chapter II.3 Application to the Project

Flexibility as part of the characteristics of the facilities can be done by using prefabricated

materials and modular construction. These techniques provide solutions without compromising the

aesthetics of the buildings. In addition, these materials can be used repeatedly saving energy and raw

material consumption.


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Demountable partitions can be used, giving an option of reconfiguring offices quickly and

economically especially when layout requirements change.

Passive lighting and energy-efficient ventilation can be applied with proper allocation of new

technologies and usage of various techniques. Overhangs, sunscreens, brise soleil may be considered.

Orientation of the building should be studied in order to maximize sunlight.

One suitable cooling system in a tropical country like the Philippines is the radiant cooling for it

offers a large proportion of cooling by way of removing sensible heat. Radiant cooling uses pumped

water which generates lower amount of energy than using fans and air-conditioning. It has lower first

and lifestyle costs.


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Landscape and commercial establishments. Part of the proposed hub is the allocation of

commercial establishments within the site and providing luscious landscaping. Combination of hardscape

and softscape will improve aesthetics of the site. Design of the commercial establishments should be in

harmony with other facilities.

Chapter III.1 Site Selection Process

Chapter III.1.1 Criteria for Site Selection

The site for the proposed Information Technology should be vast enough to accommodate the

facilities and different establishments along the designed surrounding. It should be accessible to the

users with enough transportation entering and exiting the site. Neighboring buildings and structures

should be considered in choosing a site, due to differences in building typology. Zoning ordinances, laws,

natural and climatic aspects, hazardous events like earthquake, flooding, that have been happening

within the place of the site should also be investigated. Consideration of access to utilities like water,

electricity must also take place. There should be enough space for future expansion.

Chapter III.1.2 Site Option Description

Site 1

This site is located in Malolos, Bulacan. It has an area of 21,705 meter square. It is a corner site,

adjacent to the major road MacArthur Highway, and minor roads of Paraluman and Fausta. It is near to

commercial establishments such as Robinsons Place Malolos, and schools like Bulacan State University.


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Site 2

The site is located in the city of Angeles, Pampanga. It has an area of 102, 054 square meters. It

is adjacent to North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and Angeles-Magalang Rd. It is near to Marquee Mall, and

different terminals going to Manila and other parts of Pampanga.


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Site 3

The site is also located in Malolos, Bulacan. It has an area of 15,520 meter square.

Chapter III.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis

Chapter III.2.1 The Macro Setting

Bulacan. It is a first class province of the Philippines located in Region 3Central Luzon. It is surrounded

by provinces of Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Quezon, Rizal and Metro Manila. It has 569 barangays

with 21 municipalities. In the 2010 census, it had 3,124,433 people. It was the most populous province in

the whole Philippines.


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City of Malolos, Bulacan. The capital city of Bulacan, a first class urban component city of the Republic of

the Philippines. It is one of the major suburbs conurbated to Manila, situated in Region 3Central Luzon,

in the

southwestern part of Bulacan. Based on 2007 Census of Population and Housing, the population in

Malolos was at 223,069. It had a population density of 3,317 persons per square kilometer.

The city of Malolos has an area of 7,725 hectares and is subdivided into 52 barangays. It consists

of agricultural, commercial, institutional, residential, industrial, bodies of water. Malolos was once a vast

virgin land and forests, so most of the barangays are named after common Philippine trees.

Climate.


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The figure above shows the climate graph of Bulacan. February being the driest month with 10

mm. August having the most precipitation, gains an average of 529 mm.

The figure above shows climate table displaying differences in precipitation between the driest

month and the wettest month with 519 mm.

Since Bulacan has a tropical climate, there is significant rain, in most months of the year. The

average annual temperature in Bulacan is 27.3C and about 2372 mm of precipitation falls annually.

The figure above shows temperature graph of Bulacan. May has the warmest temperature having

29.3C while January being the coolest month of the year with an average of 25.6C.


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Pampanga. It is a province of the Philippines located in Region 3 Central Luzon. It is

surrounded by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, and Bulacan. It is

classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and has a government independent of the province.

City of Angeles, Pampanga. It is a first-class highly urbanized city in the province of Pampanga. It

is surrounded by other municipalities of Pampanga: Mabalacat to the north, Mexico to the east, San

Fernando to the southeast, Bacolor to the south, and Porac to the southwest and west.

Climate.

In the first figure below shows areas highly at risk to the occurrence of tropical depressions,

storms, typhoons and super typhoons. Next figure shows rainfall change in dry and wet season. The

areas most at risk to projected rainfall changes are Central, South, and Southeast Luzon and Eastern

Visayas including Pampanga, according to Manila Observatory.


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Pampanga has a tropical climate. The average annual temperature in Pampanga is 27.0 C and

about 1903 mm of precipitation falls annually.

The figure above shows climate graph. It displays March as the driest month with 91mm

precipitation while most falls in May with 224 mm.


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The figure above shows temperature graph. It displays May as the warmest month with an

average temperature of 27.7C while January has the lowest average temperature with 26.2C.

The figure above shows the difference in precipitation between the driest and wettest month with

133mm, having a varying average temperature of 1.5C.

Chapter III.2.2 The Micro Setting


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Site 1. It is situated in Brgy. Caniogan, Malolos, Bulacan. Brgy. Caniogan has 5,158 people according to

the 2007 NSO Census. The site is connected to one major road and two minor roads. The MacArthur

Highway serves many commercial and institutional establishments. This road connects Malolos to Manila

via NLEX. The Fausta Road connects the site and the City Hall of Malolos.

Pictures of MacArthur Highway. As shown in the images, there are different transportations like

jeep, bus, tricycle, FX. The streets are not clogged and there is no traffic. The site is easily accessible.


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The pictures above shows flood susceptibility of Brgy. Caniogan. A white legend showing that it

has low to moderate flood susceptibility.


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Site 2. It is situated in Angeles City, Pampanga. It is near transportation stations, going to Manila via

NLEX and other parts of Pampanga. It is also near to commercial establishments and the City Hall of

Angeles.

The first picture above is a transportation hub adjacent to the site. This hub has busses going to

Manila and places in Pampanga like Dau, Mabalacat. The second picture is a terminal of tricycles which

you can ride to go around Angeles City.

The pictures above show the road between the site and Marquee Mall. Different transportations

are evident. Accessibility is not a problem.


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Site 3. It is situated in Brgy Bulihan, Malolos Bulacan. Just like site 1, it is near commercial

establishments. It is also connected to a major road MacArthur Highway meaning accessibility is not a

difficult.

Chapter III.2.3 Related Laws and Ordinances

Parking and loading space requirements(Republic Act No. 6541)

Use or Occupancy

CommercialE-2

Air Space Requirements (Republic Act No. 6541)


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General requirements for occupant loads and exits

Land Use. Brgy. Caniogan composed of mostly agricultural, partly commercial. Commercial areas are

adjacent to the major roadMacArthur Highway, where Site 1 is located.

Chapter III.3 Site Development Options


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The most suitable sites for the proposal are Site 1 Caniogan Area and Site 2 Angeles City

Area. These are the most accessible and user-friendly sites out of the three. These sites are also

near/adjacent to terminals, commercial and institutional establishments. The sites meet the criteria of the

study.

Site 1 Caniogan Area


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Site 2 Angeles City Area

Chapter III.3.2 Proposed Site Development Plan

Site 1 Caniogan Area


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Site 2 Angeles City Area


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Appendices

Survey questionnaires for IT Students and employees


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TCTSite 1: Caniogan Area


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Tax DeclarationSite 1: Caniogan Area


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TCTSite 2: Angeles City Area


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Tax Declaration Site 2: Angeles City Area

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