maukkha education magazine no.4

8/8/2019 Maukkha Education Magazine No.4

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onf/ ,ckudp rwkdifrDuvnf;

AkdufcJGNyD; uav; arG;cgp tjcm;pma&;

r wpfOD;udk pmtkyfrsm; twif;o,fckdif;&m AkdufcJGxm;aom 'Pf&mr

usufojzifh xkd pma&;r aq;kH jyef

wufcJh &onf/

touf 40ausmf&Sd a':cifoD wmrSm

*syefEkdifiHrS kuaA' (Ph.D) &&SdcJhNyD;

jrpfBuD;em; wuodkvfokdY 2009 ck-ESpfwGif ajymif;a&TUvmoljzpf onf/1

(14 Mo*kwf? 2010)

&efukefpD;yG m;a&; wuodkvf (&GmomBuD;)wGifZlvkdifv 29 &ufaeYu rkd;&moD opfyifpdkufyJG usif;y

cJhonf/ rkd;onf;xefpGm&Gmojzihf tenf;i,fom pkduf

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aemuf&ufrsm;wGif &GmomBuD; e,fajr&Sd ynma&; 0ef

xrf; ta,muf 30 tm; usef&Sdaom opfyif 2000 udk

wpftdrfaxmifvQif tyif 80 EIef;jzihf pkdufysdK;&efrSm

Mum;onf/

0efxrf;tdrf,mae rdom;pkrsm;wGif e,fajrXmerS tvkyform;rSL;&JU om;jzpfolwpfa,mufrS m v,f

uGif;xJ opfyifpdkuf&if; a>rudkufcHcJh&onf/ xkda>r

udkufcH&ol 0efxrf;rdom;pk0if vli,ftwGuf tcsdefrSD

aq;kHydkY&ef ausmif; um;rsm;&Sdaomfvnf; cGihfrjyKaom

aMumifh aq;kHydkY aemufuscJhNyD; Mo*kwfv 2 &ufaeYwGif

uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf/

Mo*kwfv 4&ufaeY a&a0;okomefwGif oN*K[f

pOf tcef;iSm;c? a&cJwkdufxm;c? tavmif;o,f,lc? rD;oN*dKvfc pkpkaygif; ukefusonf/ vli,ftokbtwGuf

a&a0;oGm;&ef ausmif;rSum;wpfpD;om ay;cJhonf/ um;

rvkHavmufojzihf jyifyrS um;wpfpD;vQifusyfwpfaomif;

cJGjzihf um;okH;pD; xyfrHiSm;&ojzihf av;aomif;cJG usyg

onf/

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ESihf pDrHXmerS t&m&Sdrsm;udk aumufcHckdif;&m ulaiGusyf

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aiG wpfodef; ig;axmifusyfudk EIwf,lcJhonf/ usyfwpf

odef;av;aomif;ig;avmifxJrS &ufvnfjyKvkyf&ef usyfig;aomif;omay;NyD; usefaiGudk ygarmucsKyf ,lxm;cJh

onf/1

(16 Mo*kwf 2010)

&efukefpD;yGm;a&; wuodkvf ygarmu\ &ufpufrI


19/21217

tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; jrefrmpm wwfuRrf;rItm;enf;tajccHynm oif

,laeaom ausmif;om;

tcsdKUrSm jrefrmpmbm om&yf wwfuRrf;rItm;enf;

csufrsm; &Sdojzihf ,if;

bmom&yfjzihf usIH;ol

rsm; &SdvmMuonf/

jrefrmpma&;om;&mwGif

rSefokH;rSefjzpfaom pmvkH;

aygif;owfykHrSefuefrI? t

okH;tEIef;rSefuefrI? 0guszJGUxkH;rSefuefrIwkdYudk trSm;t,Gif;rsm;pGm okH;pJGaeonf[k

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awG vdkufpm;wmaMumifh jrefrmpmnHhzsif;ukefwmawmh

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q&mBuD; yDrkd;eif;&JU ]wuf

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jyonf/

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xl;xGufolOD;a&xuf ESpf

pOf xuf0ufausmf enf;onf[kqkdonf/ t"du t aMumif;rSm jref rmpmpDpmukH;udk

aumif; pGma&;om;Ekdifjcif; r&Sdjcif;aMumihf[k q&mBuD;u

qkdonf/

,aeYacwfwGifvli,frsm;rSm acwfopfenf;ynm

rsm;aemufvdkufvsuf&Sdjcif;aMumihf rdrdwkdYbmompum;

ESihf pmaywGif tm;enf;vmaeaMumif;? tajccHausmif;

rsm;wGifuwnf;u jrefrmpm rSefrSefuefuefa&;wwf

ajymwwfatmif tav;teufxm; oifMum;ay;oihfaMumif; armuudk ajymqkdcJhonf/1(31 Mo*kwf 2010)

xkdif;tu&m rGeftoHxGuf pmoifMum;rI ausmif;om;rdbrsm; qEjyxkdif;EkdifiH? uefcseyl&Dcdkif? pHcavyl&DNrdKUe,f? 0if;

u&Gmausmif;wGif xkdif;tu&mjzihf rGefpum;toHxGuf

pmoifMum;rIudk rauseyfMuaom ausmif;om;rdb 300

eD;yg; qEjycJhMuonf/]uREkfyfwkdY om;orD;rsm;onf


20/21218

Ekdifatmifydkifu okH;oyfonf/

0if;u&Gm tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;OD;a& wpfaxmihfig;&mausmf &Sdonf/ tqdkyg aus;&GmwGif

xkdif;EkdifiH w&m;0ifaexkdifcGihf rSwfykHwifvwfrSwf&Sdol

jrefrmjynfzGm; rGefwkdif;&if;om; trsm;pk aexkdifMuNyD;

tdrfajc wpfaxmihfig;&mausmf &Sdonf/1

(10 pufwifbm 2010)

&ckdifjynfe,f? ppfawG qifajczkH;&yfuGufrsm;&Sdtpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGifrdbrsm; qif;&Jusyfwnf;rIaMumihf

ausmif;EIwfxGufoGm;&aom uav;i,f ta&twGufwdk;yGm;vmaeovdk teD;tem;&Sd bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;

rsm;wGif ausmif;tyfESHaom uav;ta&twGufrSm

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aemufqwfdk;us? ta&SUqwfdk;us? atmifcsrf;omESihf

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awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;odkY ajymif;a&TUtyfESHMuonf/

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acsmif;wavQmuf&Sd &yfuGufawGrS m vufvkyfvufpm;

awG rsm;Muw,f/ tvkyftudkifvnf; tqifrajywJht

wGuf tvkyfvufrJh t&rf;rsm;aew,f/ xrif;eyfrrSef

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tajctae a&mufoGm;Muwmayhg}[k ajymonf/ZrL&wem bkef;awmfBuD;ynmoifausmif;rS q

&mi,fwpfOD;u ]tckbkef;BuD;ausmif;rS m uav;ta&

twGuf 300 eD;yg;awmif &SdaeNyD/ ausmif;&yfwnfa&;u

awmh ppfawGNrdKUay:u tvSL&SifawG xnhf0ifwJhaiGeJY &yf

wnfaewm/ q&m q&mrawGtwGuf ausmif;om;wpf

OD;pDu vpOf 500 usyf aumufygw,f/ trsm;pkuawmh

rxnfhEdkifygbl;} [k ajymjyonf/1

(14 pufwifbm 2010)

ppfawGNrdKUwGif ausmif;raeEkdifaom uav;ta&twGuf rsm;jym;vm


21/21219

atmufwkdbmv 5 &ufaeY? urmhq&m

rsm;aeY (World Teacher's Day)udk q&m q&mr

rsm;? ynma&; 0efxrf;rsm;? ausmif;ol ausmif;om;uav;i,f oef; aygif;rsm;pGmjzihf wurmvkH;wGif

ESpfpOf crf;crf;em;em; usif;yMuonfh tpOftvm

&Sdnf/

2010ckESpftwGufurmhq&mrsm;aeYaqmif

yk'frSm ]jyefvnfxlaxmifrI q&mrsm;ESihf tpjyK}

(Recovery begins with Teachers! ) [k EkdifiH

wumynma&;tzJGUBuD; (EI ) u owfrSwfxm;

cJhonf/NyD;cJhwJhESpf zHGUNzdK;NyD; pufrIEkdifiHrsm;wGif pD;yGm;

a&; rwnfNidrfrI tusyftwnf;rsm; jyefvnfemvH

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upwefa&BuD;rIuJhokdY obm0uyfab;rsm; jyefvnf

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rIrsm;udk q&mrsm;ESihf tpjyKzkdY a


22/21220

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ol vli,fwpfa,mufrS trSwf(2) txufwef;ausmif;

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&onf/ ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;oef;xGef;rSm

olY&JUausmif;a&SUrSmyif rl;,pfaq;0g; okH;pJGwJhvli,fwpfa,mufrS "m;eJYxkd; jcif;udk atmufwkdbmv

18 &uf? wevFmaeY rGef;vJGydkif;wGif cHvdkuf&onf/

xkd;oGm;wJhvli,frS m ausmif;om;rsm;qDrS vdkufvH

aiGnpfaeol jzpfonf/

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cif;jzpfwJhaeYu *sif;azmwl;wkdYtzJGU[m pmar;yJGajzNyD;

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jynfe,ftoD;oD;&Sd wkdif;&if;om; vli,frsm;

onf rdrdwdkYaexkdif&m NrdKUESihf aus;vufrsm;udk pGefYcGmNyD;

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onf/ t"dutaMumif;rS m tvkyftudkif tcGihftvrf;?

pDyGm;a&; tcGihftvrf;ESihf ynmydkrdk oif,lEkdifa&;twGuf

rdrdZmwda'orsm;udk pGefYcGmcJhMujcif; jzpfonf/

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twGufyg/ e,fausmif;awGrS m q&mawGu rNrJbl;/

aemufjyD; vli,fawG aq;okH;pJGwmvGwfatmif rdb

awGu ajymif;Muwm/ pD;yGm;a&;udkvnf; a'ocHawG

xuf wkwf? ukvm;awGu ae&m,lvmMuvkdYyg}[k

&efukef&Sd awmifBuD;toif; Ou| OD;pdkif;pHtkdufu ajymcJh

onf/

&efukefwkdif;twGif; &Srf;? u&if? &cdkif? ucsif? csif;?

rGefpwJh vlrsdK;rsm;rS m rdom;pkvdkuf ajymif;a&TUrI ta&t

wGuf rsm;jym;vmonf/ tcsdKUrS m wpfOD;csif; t&ifajymif;

a&TUNyD;? aemufrS rdom;pkudk ac:,la&TUajymif;cJhMuonf/ Ekdif

iH&yfjcm; xGufvkdaom vli,frsm;twGuf BudKwifjyif

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onf/

jynfe,frsm; t"du pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rS m pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;jzpfond/ ,cktcg obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf

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avmuf rjzpfxGef;rIrsm; BuKHMu&onf/ wEkdifwydkif

vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; vlrsdK;jcm; pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;u

vTrf;rdk;csKyfudkif vmMuonf/

(atmufwkdbmv 4&uf 2010)

wkdif;&ifom;vli,frsm; tvkyftudkifESihf ynmoiftcGifhtvrf;twGuf NrdKUBuD;rsm;odkY ajymif;a&TU


23/21221

xkd;ygw,f/ q&mBuD;u vSnhfvkdufawmh aemufausmukd

xkd;rdoGm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ tckq&mBuD; rdk;nif;aq;kHrSm

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onf/

xkda'owGif touf 15ESpfrS touf 20ausmfvli,frsm;rS m rl;,pfaq;okH;pJGaeMuNyD; bdef;jzLudk t

aMumxJ xkd;oGif;wJhvli,fawGu trsm;pkjzpfaeonf/

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awmh wkwf-jrefrme,fpyfzufu vmwm&Sdovkd? zm;uefY ausmufpdrf;wGif;a'ozufuvnf; 0ifvmjcif;jzpf

onf/1

(22 atmufwkdbm 2010)

jrefrmjynfwGif; wuodkvfrsm;wGif vufawGUavh

vmcGihfparcticals rsm; r&Sdoavmuf enf;yg;aeaMumif;

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watmif avhvmcGihf tvkHtavmuf r&&SdMubl;}/

rauG;aq;wuodkvf wwd,ESpf ausmif;om;

wpfOD;uvnf; 'dkif;y&ufwDu,frsm;jzihfom cJGpdwfbm

om&yfwkdYudk avhvmae&aMumif; &ifzGihfajymjycJhygonf/

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zefom;jyifay:rSmom MunfhIMu&w,f/ aeYausmif;wuf

aeayr,fh ta0;oifvkdyJ/ [dk; &efukefwkdYuaevSrf;NyD;

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dry parcticals ayghav/ em;rvnfvnf; jyefar;vkdYu r&bl;/ udk,fwkdif vufawGUavhvmcGihfr&Sdawmh t&rf;cuf

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rsm;? oifaxmufulrsm;udk tvQHy,f yHhydk;xm;aMumif; o

wif;&&Sdygonf/1(24 atmufwkdbmv 2010)

'kdif;y&ufwDu,feJY jrefrmjynf wuodkvf ynma&;


24/21222

jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd ausmif;q&m q&mrrsm;rSm Ekd0ifbmv

7&ufaeY usif;yrnfh a&G;aumufyJGudk pdwf0ifpm;rI

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aESmuf,Suf cH&jcif; rsm;jzihf Ncdrf;ajcmufcHxm;&onf/

u&ifjynfe,fESihf rGefjynfe,frsm;wGifvnf;ausmif;q&m q&mrrsm;udk ac:,lNyD; rJrsm;a&wGufykH?

a&G;aumufyJG Oya'? aumfr&Sifwm0efrsm;ESihf ywfouf

NyD; BudKwifoifwef;ay;rIrsm;? tprf;avhusifhrIrsm; &SdcJh

onf/ odkYaomf BuHhcdkifa&;ygwD rJtEkdifr&cJhvQif? rJkHrSL;

rsm;tjzpf wm0efay;cH&aom ausmif;q&m q&mrrsm;

ESihf &yfuGufaus;&GmOu|toD;oD;udk tvkyfjzKwfjcif;?

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aMumif; Ncdrf;ajcmufxm; onf/

u&ifeDjynfe,f vdGKifaumf? 'Darmqdk;? zl;qkd;NrdKUe,frsm;&Sd ynma&;0efxrf;rsm;onf BuHh ckdifa&;ygwDrS

0ifa&mufta&G;cHzkdY tvkt,uf pm&if;ay;aeonf[k

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q&m q&mrrsm; a&G;aumufyJGESihf BuHhzHGUygwDrS 0ifa&muf

ta&G;cHa&; IyfaxG;aeaomaMumihf ausmif;rsm;wGif

q&mrsm; r&SdbJ vpf[maeonf[k od&onf/

(29 atmufwkdbm 2010)

rJkHrSL; ausmif;q&m q&mrrsm;? BuHhzHGUygwD tEkdifr&vQif ta&;,lcH&zG,f&Sd

wkwfe,fpyf a&TvDNrdKU atmufwkdbmv 1 &ufaeYrS

3&ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhonfh 10Budrfajrmuf wkwf-

jrefrm aqGrsdK;aygufazmf tvSr,fNydKifyJG oQrf;jynf

(ajrmufydkif;)rS yavmiftrsdK;orD;av;u wwd,qk

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touf 22 ESpft&G,f uGwfckdifol rpdk;aEGonf

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25/21223

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26/21224

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28/21226

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29/21227

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30/21228

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31/21229

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32/21230

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33/21231

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34/21232

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35/21233

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42/21240

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e*g;kHa


43/21241

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44/21242

Experts on climate change have recently suggested that around a quarter of the world's landplants and animals may be wiped out in 50 years' me if something is not done to constrain the

damaging eect of global warming. This is perturbing news, but climate change, with the resultant

change to habitats, is not the only threat to their survival that animals and plants face. In some

cases, the behaviour of human beings is imperilling their existence.

We are probably more aware of the damage done to animals than to plants. Even the very

earliest of human beins were hunters, relying on animals for food and clothing. Later, some animals

were hunted for commercial gain, as elephants for ivory. In me, the scale of this hunng got out of

hand and there began to be a number of endangered species. Legislaon is oen in place now to

delimit or proscribe such hunng, but it is dicult to implement this eecvely.

Less aenon has been paid to the eect of human acvity on plants. Yet, for many yearspeople have been plundering and raiding woods, elds and river banks for wild owers, such as

snowdrops and daodils, to take home and transplant to their gardens. A boost in popularity in

gardening has seen as corresponding increase in wild-ower gathering, roots and all. Most viewers

rush to garden centres for material for their instant garden, but some rush to the countryside.

It is not only gardeners who pose a threat to plants. According to environmentalists, thou-

sands of species of wild plants are being wiped out because of an increase in the popularity of

herbal medicine. The plants are being over-harvested.

The stascs are alarming and many proponents of herbal medicine will be shocked to hear

that their favoured form of healing is having such a devastang eect on the world's fora. It has

been reported that up to one-h of the species which are used in the herbal medicine industry are

being harvested to the point of exncon. Two-thirds of the plants used in herbal medicine are sll

harvested in the wild, rather than being specially culvated.

The problem is likely to get worse unless mass culvaon of some of these plants begins.

More and more people are turning to herbal medicine as an alternave to convenonal medicine,

partly because of the side eects associated with some of the treatments involved. But our plant life

is paying a terrible price for this.

English Essay for High School students

Herbal medicine Threat

Constrain uefYowfonf? csKyfcs,fonf/This is a formal word meaning to limit orre-

strict. Either of these simpler words or a syn-

onym for them can be used instead of the formal

word:

The architect's design for the new building

is bound to be constrainedby the tightness

of the building budget.

The architect's design for the new building

is bound to limited by the tightness of the

building budget.

It is important that format art lessons do not

constrain the natural creativity or imagina-

tion of the children.

It is important that formal art lessons do not

restrictthe natural creativity or imagination

of the children.

delimit abmifcwf uefYowfxm;onf/Thisisaformalwordmeaningtoxthelimitsof

something:

Residents feel that the polices should take

more vigorous action against the teenage

thugs, but the law delimits the power of the

police in such circumstances.

Residents feel that the police should take

more vigorous action against the teenage

thugs, but the law establishes the limits of

police power in such circustances.


45/21243

fora a'ocHopfyifrsm;This is a formal or technical word meaning

plants and it can be replaced by the simpler

word, or by the phrase plant life, in non-techni-

calcontexts:

Mike is interested in botany and is looking

for a book on thefora of Australia.

Mike is interested in botany and is looking

for a book on theplant life of Australia.

hand, get out of hand xdef;rEkdif? odrf;r&tajctaeThis is cliche which indicates that a situation is

no longer manageable. The cliche can be re-

placedbyanexpressionsuchasget out of con-

trol orbecome unmanageable:

Some of the marchers were using violence

and police were concerned that the protest

wasgetting out of hand.

Some of the marchers were using violence

and police were concerned that the protest

wasgetting our of control.

imperil tE&m,fjzpfaponf/This is a formal word meaning to put in danger.

Itcanbereplacedbyanexpressionsuchasen-danger, put in danger orput at risk:

People who drink and drive imperil other

people's lives.

People who drink and put at riskother peo-

ple's lives.

Implement taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufonf/This is a formal word meaning to put something

into effect or action:

The school authorities have drawn up a bul-

lying strategy, but it has yet to be imple-

mented.

The school quthorities have drawn up a bul-

lying strategy, but it has yet to be put into

effect.

We do not plan to implementthe suggested

changes to the timetable until next term.

We do not plan to putthe suggested changes

to the timetable into operation until next

term.

perturbing pdwftaESmihft,SufjzpfaomThis is a formal word meaning giving rise to

worry or concern. It can be replaced by a simpler

word such as worrying, disturbing oralarm-

ing.

It is perturbingthat there is still no news of

the missing climber.

It is worrying that there is still no news of

the missing climber.

proponent axmufcHtm;ay;olThis is a formal word meaning someone who

supports an idea or course of action. It can be

replaced by a simpler word, such as supporter,

backer, advocate orpromoter, or the sentence

can be reworded using a verb:The MP is proponentof free further educa-

tion for all.

The MP is a supporterof free further educa-

tion for all.

The MP promotes free further education for

all.

proscribe w&m;0if ydwfyifwm;jrpfonf/

This is a formal word meaning to forbid some-thing. It can be replaced by a simpler word such

as forbid orban:

This is a list of the drugs which have been

proscribedby the Athletics Federation.

This is a list of the drugs which have been

bannedby the Athletics Federation.

This dictator has proscribed all political

meetings.

The dictator has forbidden all political

meetings.

u av

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46/21244

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aemifwpfacwfvli,frsm;twGuf

*sKH? trJ? qefESih f yJat;udkukdat;

aqmif;yg;


47/21245

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}}


48/21246

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52/2

maukkha education magazine no.4

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