matoshri laxmi sugar and co-generation...

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT FOR

PROPOSED 45 KLPD MOLASSES BASED DISTILLERY IN THE PREMISES OF

EXISTING SUGAR FACTORY 3500 TCD & CO-GEN PLANT10 MW

MATOSHRI LAXMI SUGAR ANDCO-GENERATION INDUSTRIES LTD.

BY

SATLING NAGAR, AT - RUDDHEWADI, POST - DUDHANI,

TAL. - AKKALKOT, DIST. - SOLAPUR (M.S.)

EQUINOX ENVIRONMENTS (I) PVT. LTD.,

PREPARED BY

ENVIRONMENTAL;CIVIL & CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, CONSULTANTS & ANALYSTS,

KOLHAPUR (MS)

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

An ISO 9001:2015 QCI NABET ACCREDITED ORGANIZATION

2018-2019

P-38-MATOSHRI-DISTILLERY-32018

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CAUTION

The information, data, figures, flow charts and drawings in respect of manufacturing processes, mass balance, chemical reactions, production layouts and instrumentation details included in this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report are the sole property of Matoshri Laxmi Sugar & Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL) located in Satling Nagar, at Ruddhewadi, Post: Dudhani, Tal.: Akkalkot, Dist.: Solapur. Some of the products, reactions and process methodologies may be patented.

The style and format of this Draft EIA Report as well as the data, processing and presentations of various environmental features, environmental management planning; designs; drawings; plates; calculations, demonstrations on attributes towards pollution control and abatement aspects etc. are the intellectual property of M/s. Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur.

Under no circumstances, any part of this report may be used; reproduced; translated; recorded or copied in any form and manner except by the Govt. authorities requiring this report for taking decisions, based on details and information provided in same, during the Environmental Clearance procedure carried out as per EIA Notification No. S.O. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 as amended from time to time.

Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur Environmental and Civil Engineers, Consultants& Analysts

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ABBREVIATIONS

AAQM ACF APAQBIS BOD CGWB CMD COCO2

CODCPCB

CPUCREP CERCTECTOCWC dB (A) DGDIRD DO EAC EB ECEEIPL EIA EMPENAEPAETPFAAFAEGEOGLCGMPs GSDA HDPEHG HSD IMD IRSIS ISO KLKLPD KVA LC

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Activated Carbon Filter PolluAir tionQualityAir Bureau of Indian Standards Biochemical Oxygen Demand Central Ground Water Board Cubic Meter per Day Car Mobon noxideCarbon Dioxide. Chemic Oxygal en DemandCentral Pollution Control Board Condensat Polise hing Unit Corporate Responsibility For Environmental Protection Corporate Environmental Res ponsibilityConsent to Esta blishConsent to Oper ateCentral Water Commission Decibel (A-weighted) Diesel Gene ratorDirectorate of Irrigation Research and Development Dissolved Oxygen Expert Appraisal Committee Ecology and Biodiversity Environmenta Clearlance Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Environmenta Malnagement Plan Extra Neutra Alcohlol Environmen Protetction Act Effluent Treatmen t Plant Functional Area AssociateFunctional Area ExpertGeology Ground Level ConcentrationGood Management Practices Ground Water Survey and Development Agency High-density PolyethyleneHydrology, Ground Water and Water Conservation High Speed Diesel Indian Metrological Department Indian Remote SensingIndian Standards International Organization For Standardization Kilo Lite r Kilo Liter per Day Kilo Volt Ampere Land Cover

LU Land Use MEE Multiple Effect Evaporator MLSCIL Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Cogeneration Industries Ltd. MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board MS Mild SteelMT Metric TonMW Mega WattN NorthNAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NE North-East NOx Oxides of Nitrogen NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit NV Noise and Vibration O&M Operation and Maintenance OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management System Standards PH Public Hearing PLC Programmable Logic Controller PM Particulate MatterPP Project Proponent PPE Personal Protective Equipment PSF Pressure Sand Filter RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete. RO Reverse OsmosisRS Rectified spiritSCBA Self Contained Breathing ApparatusSC Soil conservationSE Socio - Economic SHE Safety and Health Environment SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste SO2 Sulphur DioxideSPM Suspended Particulate MatterSS Suspended SolidsSTP Sewage Treatment Plant SW South -WestSWD Side Water Depth TCD Tones Crushing Per Day TDS Total Dissolved Solids ToR Terms of References TPH Tones Per HourW West

CONFIGURATION OF REPORT

Questionnaire - Questionnaire in prescribed format of MoEFCC is filled.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

This chapter is an introductory chapter, presenting the background information of the project, its location, objective of project, scope of study and documentation and compliance of ToRs.

Chapter 2 - Project Description

This chapter deals with technology and process to be used for the proposed establishment of project. It also deals with the sources of pollution and mitigation measures under proposed activity.

Chapter 3 - Description of the Environment

In this chapter, study of various attributes of environment such as Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Land Use Pattern, Geology, Hydro-geology and Ecology is carried out so as to know existing environmental status. Also, present social status is discussed to know if there are any sensitive issues in the area.

Chapter 4 - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures This chapter presents the conclusion drawn by studying the impact considering both the pre - project and post project scenario. It describes the sum impact of the proposed project and mitigation measures for abatement of the pollution.

Chapter 5 - Analysis of Alternatives Various alternatives in terms of site selection and technology to be used are discussed in this chapter and the environment friendly and best suited technology is selected for the proposed distillery project. Chapter 6 - Environmental Monitoring Program

This chapter deals with the planning of Environmental Monitoring Program both during construction phase and operational phase to assess the performance of pollution control equipments to be installed.

Chapter 7 - Additional Studies

This chapter illustrates the possible risk area under the proposed distillery project and the safety and disaster management plan prepared to mitigate the same.

Chapter 8 - Project Benefits

This chapter describes the predictable benefits due to proposed distillery in existing sugar factory and co-gen plant.

Chapter 9 - Environmental Management Plan

This chapter deals with the protection and mitigation measures for abatement of pollution after execution of the project. It also deals with the roles and responsibilities of the environmental management cell for proper implementation of the Environmental Management Plan.

Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion

This chapter summarizes the conclusion of the Draft EIA report.

Chapter 11 - Disclosure of Consultant Organization

In this chapter the name and brief resume of the consultant organization engaged in preparation of the Draft EIA report is presented.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

1 - 16

1.1 Introduction 11.2 The Project & Project Proponent 11.3 The Place 21.4 Importance to Country & Region 51.5 Scope of the Study 6 1.5.1 Details of Regulatory Scoping Carried out as per TOR 6 CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION

17 - 60

2.1 Type of Project 172.2 Need of the Project 17 2.2.1 Employment Generation Potential 17 2.2.2 Export Potential of the Products 172.3 Project Location 18 2.3.1 Site History 192.4 Details Of Land Requirement 202.5 Project Operations, Approvals & Implementation 21 2.5.1 Approval and Implementation Schedule 222.6 Technology and Process Description 24 2.6.1 Product 24 2.6.2 Raw Materials 24 2.6.3 Raw Material Availability for MLSCIL Project Complex 25 2.6.4 Product and Raw Material Storage details 26 2.6.5 Manufacturing Process for Integrated Complex 28 2.6.5.1 Manufacturing Process for Sugar 28 2.6.5.2 Manufacturing Process for Co-generation Plant 30 2.6.5.3 Manufacturing Process for Distillery 352.7 Sources of Pollution and their Control 36 2.7.1 Water Pollution 37 2.7.1.1 Water Consumption & Effluent Generation 37 2.7.1.2 Domestic Effluent 37 2.7.1.3 Industrial Effluent 37 2.7.1.4 Total Water Requirement in MLSCIL Integrated Complex 39 2.7.2 Air Pollution 44 2.7.2.1 Boilers and D.G. Sets 44 2.7.2.2 Fugitive Emission 46 2.7.2.3 Process Emissions 46 2.7.2.4 Transportation Details 46 2.7.3 Solid waste 47 2.7.4 Hazardous Wastes 47 2.7.5 Noise Pollution 48

2.7.5.1 Sources of Noise Pollution 48 2.7.6 Odour Pollution 49 2.7.7 Land Pollution 49 2.7.8 Budgetary Allocation by Industry towards Environment Protection 50 2.7.9 Details of Maintenance 51 2.7.10 Waste Minimization Techniques in MLSCIL 56 2.7.11 Green Belt Development Plan 59 2.7.12 Rain Water Harvesting Aspect 59 CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

61 - 106

3.1 Introduction 613.2 Land Use and Land Cover (LU & LC) 61 3.2.1 Scope of Work 61 3.2.2 Study Area 61 3.2.3 Purpose of Land Use Mapping 62 3.2.4 Methodology for LU & LC Study 623.3 Land Use Studies 66 3.3.1 Land Use of Study Area 67 3.3.2 Topographical Features 693.4 Soil Characteristics 73 3.4.1 Introduction 73 3.4.2 Methodology 73 3.4.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation 73 3.4.2.2 Sources of Information 73 3.4.3 Soil Types 73 3.4.4 Soil Sampling 73 3.4.4.1 General Observations 763.5 Drainage and Geomorphology 77 3.5.1 Drainage 77 3.5.2 Geomorphology 793.6 Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology 79 3.6.1 Stratigraphic succession of Deccan Basalt Group of the Western Ghats 79 3.6.2 Hydrogeology 79 3.6.2.1 Ground Water Conditions in the Project area 853.7 Water Quality 87 3.7.1 Introduction 87 3.7.2 Methodology 87 3.7.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation 87 3.7.3 Sampling Procedure for Primary Data Generation 88 3.7.4 Presentation of Results for Survey from October 2016 to December 2016 88 3.7.4.1 Ground water 88 3.7.4.2 Surface Water 89 3.7.4.3 General Observations 90 3.7.4.4 Ground Water Development and Management Strategy 903.8 Meteorology 91 3.8.1 Introduction 91

3.8.2 Methodology 91 3.8.2.1 Methodology and Data Generation 92 3.8.2.2 Sources of Information 92 3.8.2.3 Wind Pattern at Project 923.9 Air Quality 92 3.9.1 Introduction 92 3.9.2 Methodology 93 3.9.2.1 Selection of Sampling Locations 93 3.9.2.2 Frequency & Parameters for Sampling 93 3.9.3 Presentation of Results 94 3.9.4 Observations 953.10 Noise Level Survey 96 3.10.1 Introduction 96 3.10.2 Identification of Sampling Locations 96 3.10.2.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations 97 3.10.2.2 Method of Monitoring 98 3.10.2.3 Standards for Noise Levels 98 3.10.3 Presentation of Results 99 3.10.4 Observations of Noise 993.11 Socio Economic Profile 3.11.1 Introduction 100 3.11.2 Methodology 100 3.11.3 Results and Discussions 101 3.11.4 Observations 102 3.11.5 Conclusion 102 3.11.6 Suggestions 1033.12 Ecology 3.12.1 Methodology 104 3.12.2 Biodiversity 104 3.12.3 Field Observation 104 3.12.4 Findings of Questionnaire survey 105

CHAPTER 4 – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

107 - 148

4.1 Introduction 1074.2 Construction Phase 1074.3 Operation Phase 112 4.3.1 Impact on Air Quality 115 4.3.1.1 GLC Evaluation through Air Dispersion Modeling 115 4.3.1.2 Mitigation Measures 118 4.3.2 Impact on Climate 120 4.3.3 Impact on Water Resources 120 4.3.3.1 Surface Water (Quality and Quantity) 120 4.3.3.2 Mitigation Measures 123 4.3.4 Impact on Hydrology and Hydro-Geology 124 4.3.4.1 Mitigation Measures 124 4.3.5 Impact of Solid and Hazardous wastes 124

4.3.5.1 Mitigation Measures 125 4.3.6 Impact on Soil and Agriculture 126 4.3.6.1 Mitigation Measures 126 4.3.7 Impact on Noise Levels 126 4.3.7.1 Mitigation Measures 128 4.3.8 Impact of Vibration 129 4.3.9 Impact on Land use 129 4.3.10 Impact on Ecology and Bio- diversity 129 4.3.10.1 Mitigation Measures 130 4.3.11 Impact due to Industrial Operations Involving Risk and Hazard 130 4.3.12 Occupational Health and safety 130 4.3.13 Impact on Historical Places 1324.4 Evaluation Of Impact 132 4.4.1 Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) 1324.5 Environmental Impact Evaluation for MLSCIL distillery 133 4.5.1 Biological Environment 134 4.5.1.1 Terrestrial Environment 134 4.5.1.2 Aquatic Environment 135 4.5.2 Environmental Pollution 136 4.5.2.1 Water 136 4.5.2.2 Soil 136 4.5.2.3 Air 137 4.5.2.4 Noise 137 4.5.2.5 Vibration 137 4.5.3 Aesthetics 138 4.5.3.1 Topographical Character 138 4.5.4 Human Interest 1384.6 The Mitigation Measures 1454.7 Impacts due to Decommissioning Activity 146 4.7.1 Decommissioning Phase 146 4.7.1.1 Detoxification 147 4.7.1.2 Dismantling 147 CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE & TECHNOLOGY

149 - 151

5.1 Introduction 1495.2 Alternative Technologies 149 5.2.1 Fermentation technology 149 5.2.2 Distillation Process 149 5.2.3 Sugar Factory 150 5.2.4 Co-gen Plant 150

5.3 Analysis of Alternative Technology For Abating The Pollution 1515.4 Analysis of Alternative Sites 151

CHAPTER 6 – ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM

152 - 164

6.1 Introduction 152

6.2 Monitoring Program during Construction Phase 1526.3 Monitoring Program during the Post Construction/ Operational Phase 152 6.3.1 Air Pollution Management 153 6.3.2 Water Management 153 6.3.3 Noise Level Management 154 6.3.4 Land Management 154 6.3.5 Odour Management 154 6.3.6 Dust Management 1556.4 Operation Control and Equipment Maintenance 1556.5 Occupational Health & Safety Measures 1566.6 Measures For Socio-Economic Development 157 6.6.1 Better Employment Opportunities 157 6.6.2 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Plan 157 6.6.2.1 List of Activities to be Undertaken for Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) Planning157

6.6.3 Measures for Improvement of Ecology 1596.7 Environmental Monitoring Program Schedule 1596.8 Implementation Schedule For Environmental Management Aspects 1636.9 Compliance with CREP Guidelines 164 CHAPTER 7- ADDITIONAL STUDIES

165 - 188

7.1 Public Consultation 165 7.1.1 Details of Public Hearing 165 7.1.2 Minutes of Public Hearing 1657.2 R & R Action Plan 1707.3 Risk Assessment 1707.4 Review of the Project 1717.5 Potential Risk Prone Areas in MLSCIL’S Integrated Complex 1717.6 Potential Risk Prone Areas Sugar and Co-generation Area 172 7.6.1 Boiler operations 172 7.6.2 Sugar Manufacturing Section of the Plant 172 7.6.3 Co-generation plant 173 7.6.4 Biogas Production 174 7.6.5 Storage of Molasses 174 7.6.6 Storage and Handling of sulphur 176 7.6.7 Production and Supply of SO2 1787.7 Alcohol Manufacturing Unit 181 7.7.1 Storage of Alcohol 1817.8 Fire Triangle 185 7.8.1 Fire Fighting Arrangement On Site 1867.9 Occupational Health Aspects and Medical Provision In The Factory 187 7.9.1 Medical Check-up 187 7.9.2 Occupational Health Center (OHC) 1877.10 Onsite And Offsite Emergency Plan 188 CHAPTER 8 – PROJECT BENEFITS

189 -190

8.1 Project Benefits 189 8.1.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure 189 8.1.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure 1898.2 Employment potential 1908.3 Other Tangible Benefits 190 CHAPTER 9 – ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLANT (EMP)

191 - 197

9.1 Introduction 1919.2 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) 1919.3 Working of Environmental Management Plan 1939.4 Recommendation & Implementation Schedule 193 9.4.1 Summary of Recommendations 1939.5 Implementation Schedule For Environmental Management Aspects 1959.6 Post Environmental Clearance Compliance 196 9.6.1 Monitoring Equipment 197 CHAPTER 10 – SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

198 -203

10.1 Introduction 19810.2 Project at a Glance 19810.3 Process Description 199 10.3.1 Product & Raw Material 19910.4 Sources of Pollution & Mitigation Measures 200 10.4.1 Water Pollution 200 10.4.2 Air Pollution 201 10.4.3 Noise Pollution 201 10.4.4 Solid Waste 201 10.4.5 Hazardous Waste 202 10.4.6 Odour Pollution 20210.5 Green Belt Development 20210.6 Environmental Monitoring Program 20210.7 Environment Management Plan 20210.8 Conclusion 203 CHAPTER 11 – DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ORGANIZATION

204 - 218

11.1 The Organization 20411.2 Technical key personnel 20411.3 Services Offered 208

Sr. No. Description Page No.

ENCLOSURE- I 219 - 221

APPENDICES

Appendix - A Plot Layout Plan with Green Belt 222

Appendix - B Consent Orders 223-233

Appendix - C List of equipments under existing Sugar and Co-

generation unit

234-236

Appendix - D Water Lifting Permission letter 237-238

Appendix - E Mass balance for spentwash bio-composting and land

equipments

239-240

Appendix - F Green Belt Development Plan 241

Appendix - G Photographs Showing Dried Surface Water 242

Appendix - H Photographs of Ecology and Biodiversity and List of

Flora and Fauna Observations at Study Area

243-250

Appendix - I Health Check-up Reports 251-265

Appendix - J Worst case Scenario & Fire Hydrant Layout 266-272

Appendix - K Details of Public Hearing 273-290

Appendix-L Impact Identification & Quantification 291-297

Certificates & Other Documents 298-320

LIST OF TABLES

Table No.

Table Page No.

1.1 Promoters of MLSCIL 21.2 Summary of Terms of Reference 62.1 Details of Manpower 172.2 Salient Features of the MLSCIL Project Site 182.3 Area Statement of MLSCIL 202.4 Project Wise Operational Days 212.5 Project Implementation Schedule 222.6 List of Equipments under Proposed Distillery 222.7 List of Products for Integrated Complex 242.8 Raw Materials of the distillery, Sugar Factory and Co-Gen Plant 242.9 Cane Availability for Sugar Factory 25

2.10 Availability of Molasses for Proposed Distillery 252.11 Bagasse Availability for Co-gen Plant 262.12 Alcohol Storage Details 262.13 Product and By-product Storage Details 272.14 Details of Sugar and Press Mud Storage 272.15 On Site Molasses Storage Details 272.16 Electricity Distribution Details 302.17 Water Balance for 45 KLPD MLSCIL Distillery 382.18 Water Balance for Sugar Factory And Co-gen Plant 392.19 Water Requirement (During Sugarcane Crushing Season) 392.20 Water Requirement (During Non-Crushing Season) 402.21 Details of Multiple Effect Evaporator 402.22 Spentwash Characteristics 422.23 Spentwash Generation From Distillery 432.24 Boilers and D.G. Sets of MLSCIL 452.25 Characteristics of Fuel- Bagasse 452.26 Details of Bagasse Storage 452.27 Details of APC Equipments Wet Scrubber 462.28 Details of sugarcane Transport to Sugar Factory 462.29 Product/By-Product Transportation Details 462.30 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Details 472.31 Ash Storage Details 472.32 Details of Hazardous waste 472.33 Noise levels in Existing Industrial Unit 492.34 Capital as well as O & M Cost (Existing sugar factory and Co-gen Plant) 502.35 Capital as well as O & M Cost (Proposed Distillery) 502.36 Details of Maintenance for Machinery / Equipments during Crushing

Season (Existing Sugar Factory and Co-gen Plant)51

2.37 Details of Maintenance for Machinery / Equipments during Crushing Season

52

2.38 Details of Maintenance for Machinery / Equipments during Non- Crushing Season

53

Table No.

Table Page No.

2.39 Waste Minimization Techniques 563.1 Existing Status of Industrial Areas in Solapur District 623.2 Area Statics for Land use And Land Cover Classes 673.3 Soil Sampling Locations 753.4 Soil Characteristics 753.5 Standard Soil Classification 763.6 Stratigraphic Succession of Deccan Basalt Group 793.7 Well Inventory Data for the Area around MLSCIL 853.8 Monitoring Locations for Ground Water 873.9 Monitoring Locations for Surface Water 873.10 Ground water 883.11 Meteorological Parameters 923.12 AAQM Locations Details 933.13 AAQ Parameters and Monitoring Frequency 933.14 Summary of the AAQ Levels for Monitoring Season [October 2016 to

December 2016] 94

3.15 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Specified by CPCB Notification (New Delhi, the 18th November, 2009)

94

3.16 Noise Sampling Locations 973.17 Ambient Noise Level Standards 983.18 Standards for Occupational Exposure 983.19 OSHA Standards for Occupational Exposure 993.20 Ambient Noise Levels 993.21 Details of Households and Sample Size 1003.22 Names and distance from project site of study villages for EB survey 1044.1 Impact Identification and Mitigation Measures due to construction phase

of MLSCIL, Solapur 108

4.2 Identification of Impacts on Environment due to Operation Activities under Existing Sugar, Co-Gen and Proposed Distillery Project of MLSCIL, Solapur.

113

4.3 Predominant Wind Direction 1154.4 Predominant Wind Direction and Speed Categories 1154.5 Baseline Concentration 1164.6 Quantification of Pollutants (Distillery Spentwash) Load 1214.7 Quantification of Pollutants (Effluent from sugar factory and co-gen

plant) Load 121

4.8 Permissible Exposure in case of continuous Noise 1274.9 Standards in Respect of Ambient Noise Levels 1284.10 Test Details 1314.11 Application of BEES for Impact Evaluation due to MLSCIL, Satara 1394.12 Identification of RED flags to the Potential problem Areas In BEES For

MLSCIL 144

4.13 Identification of Impacts due to Decommissioning of MLSCIL 1475.1 Technology Used /to be Used for Abating Pollution 1516.1 Operation Maintenance Schedule for Equipments under Proposed 156

Table No.

Table Page No.

Distillery 6.2 Health Care Facility Equipment 1566.3 Budgetary Provisions to be undertaken by MLSCIL under CSR 1586.4 CSR Implementation Schedule 1586.5 Plan for Monitoring of Environmental Attributes within Industrial

Premises (Onsite) 160

6.6 Plan for Monitoring of Environmental Attributes within Study Area (Offsite)

161

6.7 Environmental Monitoring Schedule within Industrial Premises 162 6.8 Environmental Monitoring Schedule Surrounding the Industrial

Premises 163

6.9 Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Program 1637.1 Points raised in PH and response of PP 1657.2 Hazard Identification Chart 1717.3 Values of NH and TH 1797.4 Values of TLV 1807.5 F & EI Rating 1817.6 Details of Storage Tank 1847.7 Fire Extinguishers at sugar Manufacturing Unit 1867.8 Sand Buckets 1877.9 Fire Hydrant pumps at sugar Manufacturing Unit 1877.10 Effect of Ethyl Alcohol 1889.1 Environmental Management Cell 1919.2 Summary of Recommendations 1939.3 Implementation Schedule 1959.4 Statutory Compliance to be observed 196

10.1 Project at a Glance 19810.2 List of Products 19910.3 Raw Materials for Integrated Complex 19910.4 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Details 20110.5 Hazardous Waste Details 202

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Page No. 1.1 Location of the Project Site 31.2 Photographs of Existing Sugar Factory and Co-gen Unit 42.1 Images Showing Site History 192.2 Sugar Factory & Proposed Distillery Working Patterns 212.3 Integrated Manufacturing Process Operations 282.4 Mass Balance and Process Flow Chart for 3,500 TCD Sugar Factory 292.5 Cogeneration Plant Operation during Crushing Season 312.6 Power Balance during Crushing Season 322.7 Cogeneration Plant Operation during Off- Season 332.8 Power Balance during Off- Season 342.9 Proposed CPU Flowchart 412.10 Cross Section of Spentwash Storage Tank 422.11 Section of Compost Yard 432.12 Flow chart of Sugar Factory ETP 442.13 Storage Yard for Solid and Hazardous Waste 483.1 Google Image Showing Study Area 633.2 Process Flow Chart 643.3 Satellite Image 653.4 Visual Interpretation Key Used for the Study 663.5 Land Use and Land Cover Classification 673.6 Land Use and Land Cover Map 683.7 Topographical Map 703.8 Settlement Map 713.9 Contour Map 723.10 Soil Map 743.11 Drainage Map 783.12 Geomorphologic Map 803.13 Extension of Deccan Trap Lava Flows 813.14 Lithological Section in Dug well at Ruddhewadi 823.15 Lithological Section at Ruddhewadi 833.16 Geolomorphological Map 843.17 Water Table Contour Map around Project Site 863.18 Age Distribution within Sample size 1013.19 Eco- Sensitive Map 1034.1 Impact Identification Process Flow Chart 1124.2 Windrose for the Month October 2016 to December 2016 1177.1 Molasses Tank 1767.2 Sulphur dioxide production Units 1797.3 Ethanol Storage Tank Representation 1847.4 Fire Triangle 1849.1 Environmental Management Cell and Responsibilities 1929.2 Environmental Management Plan 19310.1 Manufacturing Process of Sugar, Co-gen and Distillery 200

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 INTRODUCTION 'Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)' is the process of evaluating likely environmental impacts, both positive and negative, of a new or expansion project by taking into account natural, social and economic aspects. It also comprises of suggesting possible mitigation measures, for the negative impacts, before implementation of the project. The main objectives of an EIA report are -

To describe a pre-project baseline condition with respect to Environmental Indicators. To identify possible sources of pollution and their environmental impacts including

identifying risks associated with setting up of a new/expansion project and suggesting appropriate mitigation measures for alleviating adverse impacts to the extent possible.

To suggest environmental/risk management plans for implementing the mitigation measures.

The ultimate aim of the EIA report preparation is that the project proponent (PP) can use this report as a manual for developing company’s environmental strategy, communication and formulating environmental policy.

India is the largest producer of sugarcane and sugar, still sugar factories in India are facing problems. Sugar factories cannot survive in healthy condition on a single product i.e. sugar. Thus, it is essential to develop sugar factory into an affiliated complex so as to utilize the valuable by-products more profitably. Molasses is a very important by-product of the sugar industry. The profits earned by conversion of molasses into alcohol are much higher than that of sale of molasses alone. Moreover, there is a good demand for alcohol in the country as production and consumption of alcohol in India are quite balanced. Also, there is a good export potential for the alcohol. With a due consideration to all the above facts, the management of Matoshri Laxmi Sugar & Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL) has decided to go for a Distillery with alcohol production capacity to the tune of 45 KLPD by utilizing the valuable by-product i.e. molasses from existing sugar factory. Also, the bagasse is used for electricity generation in the existing co-generation plant. 1.2 THE PROJECT & PROPONENTS The promoters of Matoshri Laxmi Sugar & Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL) have planned to set up a 45 KLPD molasses based Distillery in the premises of its 3500 TCD Sugar Factory and 10 MW Co-generation plant. This report is made in the overall context of the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 and amendments thereto issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC); New Delhi. As per the said notification the project comes under Category A, listed at Item 5(g). The EIA report is prepared by incorporating required information with regards to the project as mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToRs) issued by MoEFCC through minutes of 13th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 27.09.2016 for ToRs. The proposed distillery would be designed in a versatile fashion by adopting latest process techniques as well as with state-of-the art machinery.

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Capital investment towards establishment of the distillery would be Rs. 68.50 Crores whereas that of the existing sugar factory and co-gen plant is Rs. 99.56 Crores. The names and designation of MLSCIL are as -

Table 1.1 Promoters of MLSCIL

No. Name Designation 1. Shri Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre Chairman2. Shri Gokul Dattatray Shinde Vice Chairman 3. Shri Satlingappa Sangappa Mhetre Director4. Shri Bhagwan Dattatray Shinde Director5. Shri Shivraj Siddharam Mhetre Director6. Shri Datta Balbhim Shinde Managing Director

1.3 THE PLACE The MLSCIL has already a well established set up of sugar factory and co-gen plant in Satling Nagar, at post Ruddhewadi in Akkalkot taluka of Solapur district. The proposed 45 KLPD distillery would be established in the existing premises of MLSCIL. A ‘No Objection’ certificate for the proposed project activity has been obtained from grampanchayat of Ruddhewadi. Certificates and other documents are attached herewith for reference. Following aspects have been taken into consideration while planning proposed distillery project activities in the MLSCIL complex - Proximity to the raw material availability. Adequate land for implementation of proposed projects. Convenient location on the South East (SE) side of Solapur city at a distance of about 55

Km. Moreover, the National Highway SH-154 is about 11 Km from the project site. Existing convenient availability as well as ease towards supply of proposed utilities such

as water, steam and electricity from existing setups for conducting various operations and processes.

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Figure 1.1 Location of the Project Site

Total land acquired by the industry for an integrated project complex of sugar factory, co-generation plant and distillery is about 4,44,971 Sq.M. (44.49 Ha). Out of this total area, proposed distillery shall be established on 61,200 Sq. M. (6.12 Ha).

Proposed Distillery

Solapur

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Figure 1.2 Photographs of Existing Sugar Factory and Co-gen Unit

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1.4 IMPORTANCE TO COUNTRY & REGION Alcohol has assumed very important place in the Country’s economy. It is a vital raw material for a number of chemicals. It has been a source of a large amount of revenue by way of excise duty levied by the Govt. on alcoholic liquors. It has a potential as fuel in the form of power alcohol for blending with petrol. Also, the fermentation alcohol has great demand in countries like Japan, U.S.A., Canada, Sri Lanka etc., as the synthetic alcohol produced by these countries, from naphtha of petroleum crude, is not useful for beverages. India is the fourth largest producer of alcohol in the world and there has been a consistent increase in its production over the last 22 years or so. The annual alcohol production doubled from 887.2 million liters in 1992 - 93 to 1,654 million liters in 1999-2000 and almost trebled to 2,300 million liters by 2007-08. The present average alcohol production from molasses in the country is around 2,500 million liters per annum. (Reference Opportunities For Green Chemistry Initiatives: Molasses Based Distilleries, 2014). There are about 356 molasses based distilleries in the country, out of these only 141 distilleries are attached to sugar factory. In Maharashtra, total number of distilleries are 81 out of which 59 are associated with sugar factories. The total installed capacity of molasses based distilleries in the country is about 4,230 million liters per annum. Considering all the above facts and figures, the management of MLSCIL has decided to go for a distillery having capacity of 45 KLPD of ethanol production. Ethyl Alcohol is an important feedstock for the manufacture of a number of chemicals. These chemicals are primarily basic carbon based products like Acetic Acid, Butanol, Butadiene, Acetic Anhydride, Vinyl Acetate, PVC etc. Acetic Acid & Butanol, which are needed in pharmaceuticals, paints and in many other industries, are important value added products. Ethylene, Ethylene oxide and Mono-ethylene glycol are also produced via petrochemical route. However, due to the latest technological developments and taking in to account the ever-increasing cost of petrochemical raw materials, it is now possible as well as more economical to produce Ethylene oxide, Mono-ethylene glycol etc. starting from ethanol. The petrochemical route needs designing of plants in mega range. The alcohol has an advantage of setting up of plants in medium as well as mini range. The average capacities of Indian molasses based distilleries ranges between 30 to 60 KLPD. There are very few distilleries above 100 KLPD capacities and the largest distillery capacity in the country is 420 KLPD. (Ref. Opportunities for Green Chemistry Initiatives: Molasses Based Distilleries, 2014). The gap between availability of alcohol and its requirement by industries is increasing constantly. During last decade, number of alcohol-based industries have come up and the existing ones have marginally increased their capacities. The raw material needs of these alcohol-based industries have to be met to facilitate maximum capacity utilization of the units in order to meet the domestic demands for the end products. These units are starving for want of raw materials. The shortage is wide spread and has hit most of the chemical drug and allied industries. Producers of insulin, antibiotics, tonics and several other essential bulk drugs as well as finished formulations are unable to obtain their quota of industrial alcohol, which is a vital raw material for them. The Denatured Spirits and Rectified Spirit are made unfit for drinking by the addition of certain chemicals which have strong disagreeable odour and which cannot be easily

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separated from spirit. The Denatured Spirits are taxed at nominal rates so that their use in industries becomes economical. The use of alcohol for the purpose of potable liquor is as high as that for the industrial purpose. Alcohol is used for manufacture of country liquor, which is used by common masses. This is manufactured by diluting rectified spirit with water to different grades of 250 U.P. strength. Different varieties are produced by addition of flavors and are called spiced liquor. Liquors are manufactured in a synthetic way to imitate foreign liquors viz. Whisky, Brandy, Rum and Gin. They are called Indian Made Foreign Liquor (I.M.F.L.). The excise duty on I.M.F.L. is much higher than that on country liquor. Supply of country liquor at low rates is very much needed to keep away the illicit liquor manufacturers and traders. The I.M.F.L. requires alcohol of very high purity. For this purpose separate distillation plant to redistill and purify Rectified Spirit is necessary, this alcohol is called Extra Neutral Alcohol. It is also useful in cosmetics and perfumes manufacturing. Alcohol has great future as a renewable source of energy. The trend for use of alcohol as an alternative to the mineral fuel oils is well established as the oil and natural gas sources are depleting at faster rates. It could, therefore, be seen that the demand for alcohol will be ever increasing and there would not be any problem of marketing the alcohol, which would be produced by the distillery. Manufacture of alcoholic beverages from the alcohol is also an attractive diversification as there is a great demand for the beverages. Moreover, diversification by the way of manufacturing alcohol based chemicals, such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, vinyl acetate etc., would be a big boon to the distillery.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.5.1 Details of Regulatory Scoping Carried out as per Terms of Reference (TOR) MLSCIL industry submitted an application, along with a duly filled online Form-1, to MoEFCC, New Delhi on 26.08.2016 for grant of Terms of References (TORs) (Proposal No. IA/MH/IND2/58154/2016). The case was considered in 13th EAC meeting held on 27.09.2016. Subsequently, the monitoring for primary data collection was carried out in months namely October 2016 – December 2016. This Draft EIA report has been complied with the TORs issued by MoEFCC and summarized details of the same are provided hereunder-

Table 1.2 Summary of Terms of Reference

Sr. No.

List of TOR’s Compliance

A. Specific ToR (13th Meeting dated 27 September 2016) 1. List of existing distillery units in the study area

along with their capacity and sourcing of raw material.

2. Number of working days of the distillery unit. MLSCIL proposed distillery operational days will be 270 days.

3. Details of raw materials such as molasses and their source with availability.

Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.8, Page 24

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4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Refer chapter 2, Table 2.24, Page 45

5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard.

Refer Chapter 3, Table 3.10, Page 88

6. Commitment for spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced.

In proposed distillery spentwash generation will be 4.4 KL/KL of alcohol against the norm of 6-8 KL/KL. Refer Chapter – 2, Table 2.17, Page 38 for details.

7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD).

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1.1, Page 37

8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production.

Fresh water consumption during crushing season in distillery will be 0 KL/KL whereas during non-crushing will be 4.6 KL/KL. Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1.1, Page 37 for more details

9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, material used, design consideration. No. of piezometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank and composting yard.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1.3, figure 2.12 Page 37, 44 for details of spentwash holding tank.

10. Action plan to control ground water pollution. Refer Chapter -4, Section 4.3.3.1 page 120 -123

11. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. details of incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.3, Page 47

12. Action plan to control odour pollution. Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.6, Page 49

13. Arrangements for installation of continuous online monitoring system (24 x 7 monitoring device).

Industry has provided online monitoring system for Sugar factory ETP for quality of effluent at outlet of as well as for monitoring of air emissions from 65 TPH stack.

14. Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its processes and operations in production of sugar, along with material and energy inputs and out puts (material and energy balance).

Refer Chapter – 2, section 2.6.5 Figure 2.3, -36

15. Details on water balance including quality of effluent generated, recycled & reused. Efforts to minimize effluent discharge and to maintain quality of receiving water body.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1, Page 37-44 Appendix - D for water lifting permission.

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16. Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated water quality with specific efficiency of each treatment unit in education in respect to fall concerned/regulated environmental parameters.

Refer Chapter – 2, figure 2.11 & figure 2.14, page no. 37-44 for details.

B Additional ToR 1. Public hearing to be conducted and issues

raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included in EIA/ EMP report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made.

The application for conducting Public Hearing is now being submitted.

C Generic ToR 1. Executive Summary Refer Chapter 10 Page 193-1982. Introduction

i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation

Refer Chapter 11, page 199 - 213

ii. Information about the project proponent Refer Chapter 1, Table 1.1 Page 2.

iii. Importance and benefits of the project Refer Chapter 1, Section 1.4 Page 5-6.

3. Project Description i. Cost of project and time of completion. Refer Chapter 1, Page 2 and

Chapter 2, Section 2.5.1,Table 2.4 Page 21

ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project.

Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.7 Page 24

iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.

It is entirely new project.

iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation.

Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.8, Page 24 & Section 2.7.2.4 Page 46.

v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities

Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.9 Page 25

vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management.

Refer Chapter 2, Section 2.7.1 to Section 2.7.4, Page no. 37 to 47

vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)

Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.16 Page 30 for electricity requirement of industry. Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.1 Page 17 for man power requirement. Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.17 & Table 2.18, Page no. 38-39 for

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details of water consumption, effluent generation & their disposal. Refer Appendix – D for water lifting permission

viii Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet (quantities) from raw material to products to be provided

Refer Chapter 2, Section 2.5.1 for list of equipments and Appendix-C, Section 2.6.5 for process flow sheet Page 28-36

ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems

Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.3 to 7.8.1 Page no. 165 to181

x. Expansion/modernization proposals a. Copy of all the Environmental

Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.

NA

b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the

The existing sugar factory of 3500 TCD and Co-gen of 10 MW did not attract the condition of procurement of environmental clearance as per EIA notification 2006. Moreover, distillery establishment is entirely new project.

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SPCB shall be submitted.4. Site Details i. Location of the project site covering

village, Taluka /Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.

Refer Chapter – 1 , Figure 1.1, Page 3

ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)


iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site

Proposed establishment of distillery will be done in the existing premises of sugar factory & co-gen. by MLSCIL. Industry has sufficient land for proposed distillery establishment.

iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.

Refer Chapter – 2 , Section 2.3, Table 2.2 Page 18

v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.


vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate..

Refer Appendix – A

vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.

Refer Appendix – A for plot layout, Chapter 1, Figure 1.2, Page 4

viii.

Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area)

Refer Chapter – 3, Table 3.2, and Figure 3.5, Page no. 67 for landuse breakup of total land.

ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area

Refer Chapter 3, Section 3.2.2, Table 3.1 Page 62

x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.5 Page 77- 86

xi. Details of Drainage of the project up to Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.5

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5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects)

page 77 for study of Drainage & Geomorphology. Drainage map is at figure 3.11, page 78. Bori River at a distance of 1.80 Km from project site.

xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land.

Entire land is acquired by MLSCIL.

xiii.

R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy

Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.2, Page no. 170

5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of

forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)

NA

ii. Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)

NA

iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.

NA

iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon

NA

v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area

NA

vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for

NA

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Wildlife 6. Environmental Status

i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall.

By using meteorological data the windrose have been ploted. Same are reflected in Chapter 4

ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.9, Table 3.14 Page no. 94

iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.9, Table 3.14 Page no. 94

iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC guidelines.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.7.4.2, page 89. During site visit to the study area, surface water samples selected for monitoring were from Bori river i.e. upstream (NW from site) and downstream (SW from site). The locations were dry indicating drought conditions in the study area.

v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details.

NA

vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.7.4.1, Table 3.10, page 88-89

vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.10, Table 3.20, page no 99

viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines.

Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.4, Table 3.3 page 75-76

ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.2.4, page 46

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arrangement etc.x. Detailed description of flora and fauna

(terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished.

Refer Appendix–H for photographs and list of Flora and Fauna observed in study area.

xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.

Refer Chapter – 3

7. Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level

concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.

Refer Chapter 4, Section 4.3.1, Page 115 - 120 No new boiler will be installed under the proposed distillery project of MLSCIL.

ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body

No any effluent shall discharge in to water body. Refer Chapter –2, Section 2.7.1, page 37 and Chapter – 4, Section 4.3.3, page 120 for treatment of effluent.

iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum-rail transport shall be examined.

Entire transportation of products and raw material shall be done by road.

iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1, page 37-44

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recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E (P) Rules.

v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.2, Table 2.24, Page 45

vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.2.2, Page 46

vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.4 page 46 for hazardous waste generation, their disposal and storage.

viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided.

Refer Chapter – 2, Table 2.30 & table 2.31 page 47

ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.11 page 60 and Appendix-F for green belt development plan.

x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources.

Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.12, page 60 for rainwater harvesting details.

xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures

Refer Chapter – 2, section 2.7.8, Table 2.34 & table 2.35 page 50

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shall be included. xii. Action plan for post-project

environmental monitoring shall be submitted.

Refer Chapter – 6, Table 6.5 page 160-161 & Table 6.7 page 162-163

xiii Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.

Refer Chapter – 7, section 7.10, page 187

8. Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the

occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers

Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.9.2, page 187-188

ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise.

Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.9.2, page 187-188, Appendix – I

iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved,

Refer Chapter – 7, Table no. 7.9 page 187

iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety.

Refer Appendix - I for health check-up reports.

9. Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down

Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report..

--

ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /

--

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conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.

iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given.

Refer Chapter 9, figure 9.1, page 192

iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report

Refer Chapter 9, figure 9.1, page 192

10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase.

Refer Chapter 4, Section 4.2 and Section 4.3, Page 107 - 131

11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the

project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon.

Refer Chapter – 6, section 6.6.2, Table 6.3 and Table 6.4, page 157-159

12. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.

NA

13. A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of above TOR.

Refer Chapter 1, Section 1.4, Page 5-6

Chapter 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

PROJECT DESCRIPTION…2

17

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT The proposed project by Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL) will be an establishment of 45 KLPD molasses based distillery unit in the premises of existing 3500 TCD sugar factory and 10 MW cogeneration plant. 2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT

As discussed in Chapter-1, manufacturing of alcohol is gaining more importance with regards to production, usage, easy availability of raw materials (grains as maize, sugarcane molasses). Alcohol is an important source of revenue to government through excise duty. It has number of applications: Blending with petroleum fuels, in pharmaceutical industry for blending with medicines

and drugs, in manufacturing of chemicals. Used in perfumes, cosmetics and vegetable essences. Sugar-Co-gen-Distillery Industry has been instrumental in resource mobilization,

employment generation and income generation and in creating social infrastructure in command area. Apart from this, following are also benefits of the project.

During public hearing, a question was raised during regarding benefits of alcohol and its need.

2.2.1 Employment Generation Potential

Activities under proposed distillery project would improve the socio-economic status of people in the study area in terms of local labour employment and contract basis jobs. The proposed activity could provide employment opportunities to the skilled and semi-skilled local populace, especially in small scale business and other related services. Following table gives details about the number of workers employed in the existing set up as well as those to be employed under and proposed activity.

Table 2.1 Details of Manpower

Sr. No.

Unit Existing Proposed Total Unskilled Skilled Other Staff Unskilled Skilled

1 Sugar 40 95 205 -- -- 340 2 Co-gen 21 29 60 -- -- 110 3 Distillery -- -- -- 40 30 70 Total 450 70 520

2.2.2 Export Potential of the Products

There is a good demand for products from the proposed manufacturing, in India as well as abroad. Alcohol produced has a demand for blending in petrol/diesel after making anhydrous alcohol from the conventional rectified spirit. Alcohol has great future as a renewable source of energy. The trend for use of alcohol as an alternative to the mineral fuel oils is well established as the oil and natural gas sources are depleting at faster rates. It could, therefore, be seen that the demand for alcohol will be ever increasing and there would not be any problem of marketing the alcohol, which would be produced by the distillery. Manufacture of alcoholic beverages from the alcohol is also an attractive diversification as there is a great demand for the beverages. Moreover, diversification by the way of manufacturing alcohol


18

based chemicals, such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, vinyl acetate etc., would be a big boon to the distillery. 2.3 PROJECT LOCATION The proposed distillery project would be located in Satling Nagar, at Ruddhewadi, post Dudhani in Akkalkot taluka of Solapur district in Maharashtra. Geographical location of the site is 17022’46.60’’N Latitude and 76020’25.29’’E Longitude and falls under the Survey of India Toposheet No. 56 C/3 and 56 C/7 (1:50,000 scale). At the time of site selection for existing industry, certain vital aspects were looked in to by the project proponents. The same included - (1) availability of all basic facilities like water, electricity, man power etc., (2) Solapur district had road links to prominent market places so that procurement of raw material as well as marketing of finished product was easier and economical, (3) availability of good communication facilities, (4) no rehabilitation and resettlement required, (5) No national park or wildlife habitats were located in immediate vicinity of the project site.

Table 2.2 Salient Features of MLSCIL Project Site

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1. Name and address of the Industry Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Co-generation Industries Ltd., Satling Nagar, At.: Ruddhewadi, Post: Dudhani, Tal.: Akkalkot, Dist.: Solapur, Maharashtra.

2. Land Acquired (Sugar, Co-gen & Distillery)

Total Plot Area - 4,44,971 Sq.M. (44.49 Ha)

3. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site (Proposed Distillery)

17022’52.43’’ N and 76020’32.82’’ E 17022’53.79’’ N and 76020’40.40’’ E 17022’42.50’’ N and 76020’38.79’’ E 17022’43.14’’ N and 76020’32.64’’ E

4. Elevation 450 M above MSL 5. Nearest Habitation / Schools /

Hospitals Ruddhewadi (1.56 Km)

6. Nearest city Akkalkot (21.36 Km) 7. Nearest highway SH-154 (11 Km) 8. Nearest railway track Dudhani Railway Station (4.41 Km) 9. Nearest airport Solapur Airport (50.89 Km) 10. Nearest tourist places Akkalkot Swami Samarth Maharaja Temple 11. Defense installations Nil within 10 Km radius 12. Archaeological important place /

Historical Monuments Nil within 10 Km radius

13. Ecological sensitive zones Nil within 10 Km radius 14. Reserved/ Protected forest/ National

Parks / Wildlife Sanctuary / Wetland / Estuaries / Biosphere reserves (from Project Site)

Nil within 10 Km radius

15. Nearest streams / Rivers / water bodies (from Project Site)

Bori River (1.80 Km)


19

2.3.1 Site History: Figure 2.1 Images showing Site History

Image a: - Land use Status of Site before Establishment of Sugar

Factory by MLSCIL - Year 2004 Image b: - Land use Status of Site after Establishment of Sugar Factory

by MLSCIL - Year 2012

The proposed distillery of MLSCIL would be established in the existing premises of sugar factory & co-gen unit. The land now under sugar factory and co-gen unit was earlier a fallow land, not under cultivation till 2008. The presence of MLSCIL sugar factory, made people grow sugarcane crop in the region. This led to bringing of unused fallow land under agriculture (especially sugarcane). This ultimately has uplifted the economic condition of locals due to availability of source for their sugarcane as well as accessibility of important local employment. The existing sugar and cogeneration factory was commissioned in October 2012 and the commercial production was initiated from November 2012.

Existing Sugar Factory & Co-gen plant Proposed Distillery


20

2.4 DETAILS OF LAND REQUIREMENT

Total land area acquired by the MLSCIL is 4,44,971 Sq. M. (44.49 Ha). Out of this, 61,200 Sq. M. (6.12 Ha) is area allocated for proposed distillery. Detailed area statement is given below:

Table 2.3 Area Statement of MLSCIL

Sr. No. Description Built Up

(Sq. M.) Open Space

(Sq. M.) Total Area

(Sq. M.) A. Administration Block 640 -- 640 B. Residential Colony 7657 7881 15538 C. Sugar Factory & Co-gen (Existing) 1. Cane Yard 24000 41512 65512 2. Water Reservoir 5735 45000 50735 3. Mill, Boiling House & Store 5016 12000 17016 4. Boiler Clarification & Power House 1906 20000 21906 5. Bagasse Yard 10000 20000 30000 6. ETP & Spray Pond 4183 30000 34183 7. Molasses Tank 452 10000 10452 8. Sugar Godowns 8520 5000 13520 9. Switch Yard 792 20000 20792 10. Area under Road 51527 -- 51527 11. Green Belt Area 11950 40000 51950

Total (A+B+C) 1,32,378 2,51,393 3,83,771 D. Distillery (Proposed) 1. Security Cabin 25 -- 25 2. Weigh Bridge 65 -- 65 3. Administration Building 225 -- 225 4. Canteen 75 -- 75

5. Fermentation Section along with Molasses Day Tank, MCC and Control Room

1050 -- 1050

6. Distillation and Dehydration Section 450 -- 450 7. Stand- Alone Evaporation Section 240 -- 240 8. Cooling Tower – Fermentation 64 -- 64 9. Cooling Tower – Distillation 80 -- 80 10. Cooling Tower – Evaporation 64 -- 64 11. Ethanol Storage Section 1800 -- 1800 12. Evaporation Condensate Treatment Plant 600 -- 600 13. Vehicle Parking Area 450 -- 450 14. Chemical Bulk Storage 100 -- 100 15. Workshop/Maintenance Room 100 -- 100 16. Water Treatment Plant 600 -- 600 17. Bio-Methanation Section 100 -- 100 18. Lagoons 6000 -- 6000 19. Bio-Composting Section 15000 -- 15000 20. Area under roads 15540 -- 15540

Total (D) 42,628 18,572 61,200 Total Area (C+D) 1,75,006 2,69,965 4,44,971 Proposed Green belt (35 % of total plot) 1,56,139


21

From the above table, it could be seen that the land available with MLSCIL for various purposes is adequate as per the requirements. In an area other than the project space, additional infrastructure for green belt development and roads would be provided. Refer Appendix – A for plot layout plan of proposed project. 2.5 PROJECT OPERATIONS, APPROVALS AND IMPLEMENTATION Proposed 45 KLPD molasses based distillery by MLSCIL shall be established in existing premises of sugar factory and co-gen plant. The project shall be implemented only after procurement of all approvals and permissions; consents from various Govt. departments. The 3,500 TCD sugar factory and 10 MW co-gen plant by MLSCIL do not attract the condition of prior Environmental Clearance (EC) as per the EIA Notification No. S.O. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 and amendments thereto. Refer Appendix-B for copy of ‘Consent to Operate’ from Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) in respect of sugar factory (3500 TCD) and co-generation plant (10 MW). An online application for grant of ‘Consent to Establish’ for proposed 45 KLPD molasses based distillery is submitted at MPCB, Solapur. Copy of same is enclosed at Appendix-B. Overall planning of proposed project will be done in such a manner so that utmost care of safety norms and environment protection will be taken. Project details regarding days of operation in respect of MLSCIL project complex is given in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Project wise Operational Days

Type of Activity Sugar Factory Co-gen Plant Distillery Days of Operations 180 230 270

Figure 2.2 Sugar Factory & Proposed Distillery Working Patterns

Distillery Working (9 Months; 270 Days) Sept. Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May

Spent wash

Storage in 30 days

tank

Stock Spentwash

Spent

wash Storage in 5

Days Tank

for

offseason CSTR feed

Composting

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April Stock

Pressmud Sugar Factory Working (6 Months; 180 Days)


22

2.5.1 Approval and Implementation Schedule

Table 2.5 Project Implementation Schedule Sr. No. Activity Date of Approval /

Implementation schedule 1. Grant of EC by MoEFCC March 2018 2. Construction and Erection of Machinery April - June 2018 3. Application for Consent to Operate from MPCB July 2018 4. Trials & Commissioning of plant October 2018

Table 2.6 List of Equipments under Proposed Distillery

No. Equipments Capacity/ Description A. Fermentation Section 1. Molasses Day Tank Quantity-1 No. 2. Molasses Transfer Pump Capacity -12 Ton/Hr 3. Molasses Weighing System Along

With Weighed Molasses Tank Quantity - 1 No.

4. Molasses Pump With Gear Box & Motor

Capacity - 12 Ton/Hr

5. Bio-Culture Development Section consisting of series of vessels with increasing volumes

Quantity-5 Nos.

6. Bio Culture Transfer Pump Capacity-25 M3/Hr 7. Fermenters Quantity-3 Nos. 8. Clarified Wash Tank Quantity-1 No. 9. Distillation Feed Pump Capacity-35 M3/Hr 10. Continuous Molasses Broth Mixer Quantity-5 Nos. 11. Fermented Wash Coolers Plate

Heat Exchangers Quantity-4 + 1 Nos.

12. Wash Settling Tank Quantity – 1 No. 13. Decanter Quantity – 1 No. 14. Fermented Wash Recirculation

Pumps Quantity-1 No.

15. Air Sparging Assembly For Bio-Culture Vessels & Fermenters

Quantity-6 Sets

16. Air Filter Quantity-1 No. 17. Air Blowers Quantity-1 W + 1 SB 18. Nutrient Tank With Agitator Quantity-1 No.

Capacity-0.5 M3 19. Nutrient Pump Capacity - 1m3/Hr

Quantity-1 W + 1 SB 20. Biocide Tank Quantity-1 No.

Capacity-0.5 M3 21. Biocide Pump Quantity-1 W + 1 SB

Capacity-1 M3/Hr 22. Defoam Tank Quantity-1 No.

Capacity-0.5 M3 23. Acid Tank Quantity-1 No.


23

No. Equipments Capacity/ Description Capacity-1 M3

24. Alcohol Vapors Recovery Column Quantity – 1 No 25. Water Header Quantity – 1 No 26. Air Header Quantity – 1 No 27. Co2 Header Quantity – 1 No 28. Safety System For Fermenter Quantity – 4 Nos. 29. CIP Solution Tank Quantity – 1 No 30. CIP Solution Pump Capacity – 20 M3/Hr 31. Piping And Valve Lot 32. Instrumentations & Electricals Lot B. Columns Primary And Degasser Column (1 No.), Pre-

Rectifier Cum Exhaust Column (1 No.), Aldehyde Column (1 No.), Rectifier Cum Exhaust Column (1 No.), Hydro Extractive Distillation Column (1 No.), Refining Column (1 No.), Defusel Column (1 No.)

C. Reboilers

Primary Column Reboiler (1 No.), Pre Rectifier Reboiler (1 No.), Hydro Extractive Column Reboiler (1 No.), Defusel Column Reboiler (1 No.), Refining Column Reboiler (1 No.), Rectifier Reboiler (1 No.), Aldehyde Reboiler (1 No.),

D. Condensers Rectifier Vent Condenser (1 No.), Aldehyde Column Condenser (1 No.), Pre Rectifier Condenser (1 No.), Hydro Vent Condenser (1 No.), Refining Condenser (1 No.), Defusel Vent Condenser (1 No.),

E. Other Equipment

Rectifier Column Bottom PHE (2 Nos.), Spent Wash Recycle PHE (2 Nos.), Mash Pre Heater (1 No.), Main Product Coolers (1 No.), Impure Spirit Coolers (1 No.), Fusel Separators (1 No.), Fusel Coolers (1 No.), Gas Liquid Separators (1 No.), Mash Preheater Using Spent Wash (1 No.), Reflux & Process Tanks (1 No.), Condensate Tank (1 No.), Pumps, Vacuum Pumps (1+1 Nos.), Vent Scrubber (1 No.), Water And Steam Header (3 Nos.), Air Compressor (1+1 No.)

F. Spentwash Evaporation Five Effect Forced Circulation Feed Rate To Multiple Effect Evaporator-21,875 Kg/Hr. (500 M3/Day or 525 TPD) @ 5 % TS W/W Evaporation Capacity- 3125 Kg/Hr. (75 TPD) @ 35 % TS .W/W. 18,750 Kg /Hr. (450 TPD)

Refer Appendix–C for list of equipments under existing sugar factory and co-gen plant.


24

2.6 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 2.6.1 Product The details of products that are being manufactured under existing sugar factory and co-gen plant as well as those to be manufactured under proposed distillery are presented in following table 2.7 -

Table 2.7 List of Products for Integrated Complex

Industrial Unit Products Quantity Distillery (45 KLPD) (Proposed)

Rectified Spirit (RS) 1,350 KL/M (45 KLPD) Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) 1,350 KL/M (45 KLPD) Ethanol 1,350 KL/M (45 KLPD) Impure Spirit 75 KL/M (2.5 KLPD) By–products Compost 39,110 MT/Season Biogas 28,800 M3/Day CO2 Gas 32 MT/Day

Sugar Factory (3500 TCD) (Existing)

Sugar 10,500 MT/M By - products Molasses 4,200 MT/M Bagasse 31,500 MT/M Pressmud 3,675 MT/M

Co-Generation Plant (10 MW) (Existing)

Electricity 10 MW

By-products generated during production of sugar in the form of molasses and bagasse would be used as raw materials for production of alcohol and power respectively. Pressmud shall be stored in dedicated separate yard in own premises and it would be used for composting as filler material. A question was raised during public hearing regarding alcohol generation.

2.6.2 Raw Materials

Basic raw materials required for distillery, sugar factory and co-gen plant along with their quantities and sources are listed in the following table-

Table 2.8 Raw Materials of the Distillery, Sugar Factory & Co-Gen Plant

Industrial Unit Raw Materials Quantity Source Distillery (45 KLPD) (Proposed)

Molasses 5,000 MT/M Own Sugar Factory Yeast 2 MT/M

Local Vendors Urea 2 MT/M De-foaming Oil 1 MT/M


Sugar Cane 1,05,000 MT/M Near By Farms Lime 168 MT/M Local Vendors Sulphur 52 MT/M

Co-Gen Plant (10 MW) (Existing)

Bagasse 26,160 MT/M Own Sugar Factory

2.6.3 Raw Material Availability for MLSCIL Project Complex


25

Sugarcane as raw material for sugar factory shall be made available from nearby farms in 15Km radius area from the factory. During cultivation of sugarcane in farms, farmers inform the field men of MLSCIL industry (who are appointed region wise) regarding the start of cultivation. Later on, the field men submit the information to sugar factory office. Accordingly, days of maturation of sugarcane cultivation are calculated and labors as well as vehicles are forwarded by the industry to the individual farms for its harvesting. Further, the harvested cane is brought to sugar factory site and consumed for processing within 24 hrs. The vehicles filled with cane; wait in parking lot for their turn and directly dump their contents on the carrier chain leading to mills. Hence, no any bulk storage of sugarcane is done on site. Sugarcane shall be transported to site through various means of transportation viz. Bullock carts, Trucks and Tractor Trolleys. Ample parking space (5-6 acre) is provided for the bullock carts, trucks and trolleys.

Table 2.9 Cane Availability for Sugar Factory

Sr. No. Description Details 1. MLSCIL Share Holders 4349 Nos. 2. Av. land under cane crop of each share holder 3.5 Acres 3. Total share holders' land under cane crop 15222 Acres 4. Av. Cane yield 25 MT/Acre 5. Total cane available from share holders land 3,80,537 MT 6. Cane available from Non-share holders land 4,07,500 MT 7. Total cane available (MT) 7,88,037 MT 8. Avg. distance of farms from the sugar factory 60 Km

Table 2.10 Availability of Molasses for Proposed Distillery

Sr. No. Description Quantity

1. Sugar cane crushing capacity 3500 TCD 2. Sugar factory operating days 180 Days 3. Total Cane Crushing 6,30,000 MT/Season 4. Molasses generated @ 4% of cane crushed 140 MT/Day 5. Molasses generated during season (180 days) 25,200 MT/Season 6. Distillery 45 KLPD 7. Daily molasses required for distillery 165 MT/Day 8. No. of days of Distillery operations 270 Days 9. Total molasses required for distillery 44,550 MT/Season 10. Distillery working pattern : Own molasses - 180 Days Procured molasses - 90 Days

Total 270 Days 11. Quantities 12. Molasses required daily 165 MT/Day 13. Molasses required annually 44,550 MT/Season 14. Own molasses 25,200 MT/Season 15. Procured Molasses from other sugar factories 19,350 MT/Season

After commissioning of the project, an agreement would be executed with other sugar factories for procurement of additional molasses required.


26

Table 2.11 Bagasse Availability for Co-gen Plant

No. Description Quantity 1. Sugar Cane Crushing Capacity 3500 TCD 2. Working Days of Sugar Factory 180 Days 3. Total Crushing 6,30,000 MT/Season 4. Bagasse Quantity generated @ 30% of Cane Crushed 1,050 MT/Day 5. Bagasse Quantity generated during season 1,89,000 MT/Season 6. Daily Bagasse required for Co-gen Plant 872 MT/Day 7. Total Bagasse required for Co-gen during season (180 Days) 1,56,960 MT/Season 8. Total Saved Bagasse during season 32,040 MT/ Season 9. Total Bagasse required for Co-gen in Off Season

(36 Days out of 50 Days) 31,392 MT/Season

10. Biogas will be used for remaining 14 Days 28,800 NM3/Day

Bagasse yard shall be surrounded by proposed plantation for dust attenuation. Bagasse shall be transported to co-gen boiler through the conveyors, which shall be covered properly. 2.6.4 Product and Raw Material Storage Details

Table 2.12 Alcohol Storage Details

No. Description Specification Diameter Height 1. RS Daily Receivers Capacity - 50m3

Quantity-3 Nos. MOC-MS

3400 mm 5250 mm

2. ENA Daily Receivers Capacity - 50m3


3400 mm 5250mm

3. Ethanol Daily Receivers Capacity- 50m3


3400 mm 5250mm

4. TA Daily Receiver Capacity- 10 m3


2100 mm 3000 mm

5. RS Bulk Storage Capacity- 800m3

Quantity-1Nos. MOC-MS

11250 mm 13750 mm

6. ENA Bulk Storage Capacity- 800m3


11250 mm 13750 mm

7. Ethanol Bulk Storage Capacity- 800m3


11250 mm 13750 mm

8. TA Bulk Storage Capacity- 200 m3


5800 mm 7500 mm

9. Fusel Oil storage tank Capacity- 20m3

Quantity-1Nos. 2100 mm 3000 mm


27

No. Description Specification Diameter Height MOC-MS

10. Deneuteraction Tank Capacity- 100 m3


4500 mm 6000 mm

Table 2.13 Product and By-product Storage Details

Sr. No.

Product and By-product

Mode of Storage Details of Area

1. Sugar Sugar is filled in 50 Kg bags, stored in closed go-downs.

2 Nos. of RCC covered go-downs with total built up area of 48,000 Sq. M.

2. Bagasse Bagasse bailed & stored in separate yard.

Bagasse Yard Area is 12,000 Sq. M.

3. Pressmud Pressmud stored in dedicated separate yard in own premises.

Pressmud shall be used for composting

4. Molasses MS Tanks Refer Table 2.15 for details

Table 2.14 Details of Sugar and Press Mud Storage

Sr. No. Description Mode of Storage Area 1. Sugar R.C.C. Permanent Godown 2100 Sq. M. 2. Press mud Press mud is stored in open storage yard 22,500 Sq.M.

Table 2.15 On Site Molasses Storage Details

Sr. No. Description Technical Data Remarks

1. Molasses Storage Tank Capacity: 6000 MT Material: Molasses Diameter : 23 M

4000 Cu. M.

2. Molasses Storage Tank (Assuming 40 days storage)

Capacity: 6000 MT Material: Molasses Diameter : 23 M

4000 Cu. M.

2.6.5 Manufacturing Process for Integrated Complex


28

Figure 2.3 Integrated Manufacturing Process Operations

2.6.5.1. Manufacturing Process for Sugar Sugar is manufactured by using sugarcane as raw material. Juice is extracted from the cane and boiled to process sugar. Cogeneration is broadly defined as the coincident generation of useful thermal energy and electrical power from the same input fuel. Thus, cogeneration can allow the energy consumers to lower their energy costs, through use of the energy normally wasted in conventional systems as losses. The useful thermal energy could be in the form of hot gases, hot liquids or steam; generally used for meeting the process and or heating requirements. When the thermal energy is required in the form of steam, industries employ steam boilers for raising the required steam at the required pressure and temperatures, suitable for the process.


29

Figure 2.4 Mass Balance and Process Flow Chart for 3,500 TCD Sugar Factory

-

2.6.5.2. Manufacturing Process for Co-generation Plant

768

2,982 MT

875

1st effect vapours to

Heat Exchange 280 MT

Imbibition water from pan condensate 875 MT

Milling Section

Juice 3,325 MT

3,262

3,332

Clarification of Juice

Heat Exchange

Sugar 362.5 MT

Centrifuge 520 MT

Crystallizer 464 MT Pan Condensate

875 MT

Sugar Cane 3,500 MT

Sulphur 2.75 MT + Lime 5.25 MT

Steam 1505 MT

1,050 MT Bagasse use for Boiler

Sediment

Condensate 280 MT after

cooling use as raw water

Press mud 140MT

Vacuum filter

70 MT condensate use for washing

Molasses 157.5 MT

637 MT after cooling use as

raw water

56 MT condensate

use for

centrifuge

+

Steam condensate 1505 MT to boiler

2, 3 & 4 Effect Condensate

Multiple Effect Evaporation

787.5 MT evaporation loss during

cooling

875 MT vapours heat to pan

Vapour added to

spray water 87.5 MT

Vacuum Pan 1,339 MT


30

Existing co-generation plant has two boilers of 30 TPH and 50 TPH capacity with 45 Kg/cm2working pressure. It generates superheated steam with temperature 510C+/-5C. A portion of the power generated in the turbo generators will meet the power requirements of the co-generation plant auxiliary loads and sugar plant loads. After meeting the in-house requirements, the plant can export a net power during cane crushing season and during off-season, under normal operating conditions. Following shows the electricity requirements for in-house units.

Table 2.16 Electricity Distribution Details

Sr. No. Industrial Unit On Season Off Season 1. Sugar Factory 3.2 MW/Hr. -- 2. Co-gen -- 1.0 MW/Hr. 3. Proposed Distillery 0.8 MW/Hr. 0.8 MW/Hr. 4. Colony 0.1 MW/Hr. 0.1 MW/Hr. Total 4.1 MW/Hr. 1.9 MW/Hr.

5. MSEB Grid 5.9 MW/Hr. 1.3 MW/Hr. Grand Total 10 MW/Hr 3.2 MW/Hr.


31

Figure 2.5 Cogeneration Plant Operation during Crushing Season

Turbine Feed Water

89 TPH at 70° C

36 TPH Bagasse

3.0 TPH, 7 Kg/cm2, 180° C To Sugar Plant

Process

50 TPH + 30 TPH 45 Kg/cm2 at 510° + 5° C

10 MW Generation

12 TPH, 3.5 Kg/cm2, 130° C To Distillery

60 TPH, at 1.5 Kg/cm2, 130° C To sugar process (evaporator)

To Feed Water Tank

75 TPH, 45 Kg/cm2, at 510°+ 5° C


32

Figure 2.6 Power Balance during Crushing Season

10 MW

TG

11 KV

10,000 kW

Sugar & Cogeneration Plant Load

Distillery Plant Load Exportable Power Colony

3.2 MW 0.1 MW 0.8 MW 5.9 MW


33

Figure 2.7 Cogeneration Plant Operation during Off - Season

13 TPH, at 1.5 Kg/cm2, 130° C

Turbine Feed Water

27 TPH at 70° C

12 TPH Bagasse

12 TPH, 3.5 Kg/cm2, 130° C To Sugar Plant

Process

30 TPH 45 Kg/cm2 at 510° + 5° C

Boiler

3.5 MW Generation

To Feed Water Tank

25 TPH, 45 Kg/cm2, at 510°+ 5° C

To Evaporator


34

Figure 2.8 Power Balance during Off – Season

3.5 MW, 11 KW

Generator

Sugar & Cogeneration Plant Load

Distillery Plant Load

Exportable Power

Colony

3.2 MW 0.1 MW 0.8 MW

1.4 MW

10 MW

TG


35

2.6.5.3. Manufacturing Process for Distillery

1. Fermentation: The fermentation process would employ a special yeast culture and yeast management system, which can withstand variations in the molasses quality, temperature and other shock loads. Fermentation plant consists of three numbers fermenters with all the accessories like Level controller, automatic pH monitoring system, plate heat exchangers for cooling, air spargers, broth mixers, agitators and air blowers etc. Hence it would give a tremendous advantage in maintaining the yeast population and in combating the bacterial infection. Molasses after weighing would be diluted to an appropriate sugar concentration while pumping through molasses broth mixer into the fermenter. To help the fermentation sustain the assailable nitrogen would be added in the medium in the form of Urea and DAP as required. Temperature in the fermenters would be maintained to an optimum level as required for efficient reaction with the help of Plate Heat Exchanger and recirculation pumping system. This recirculation would also help in proper mixing of fermented wash. Air blower would be provided to supply the necessary oxygen required for the yeast. The fermented wash collected in the buffer wash tank is then pumped to analyser or primary column for distillation. A closed loop cooling tower system with an induced draft– cooling tower with circulation pumps would also provided to ensure higher cooling efficiency and to minimize water wastages. 2. Multi Pressure Vacuum Distillation: The vacuum distillation approx. requires 50% less steam as compared with the conventional old distillation technologies. The vacuum distillation consists of distillation columns with high efficiency column trays, condensers, re-boilers, vacuum pumps and reflux pumps. A closed loop cooling tower system with an induced draft-cooling tower with


36

circulation pumps would also be provided to ensure higher cooling efficiency and to minimize water wastages. In this vacuum distillation alcohol is separated and concentrated using principal of fractional distillation. There would be eight distillation columns in the system- primary column also called mash column, degasser column, pre-rectifier column, hydro extractive distillation column, final rectifier column, refining column, dealdehyde column and defusel column. The fermented mash would be preheated using a beer heater at the top of the primary column and followed by a plate heat exchanger and finally delivered to the top of primary column. The mash runs down the primary column trays from tray to tray, while vapour goes up in the column contacting the mash at each tray. As a result of this contact and boiling, alcohol and other impurities along with some water are stripped in the form of vapours and remaining mash in the form of spent wash (effluent) is disposed off from the bottom of the primary column for ETP. When the vapours of alcohol and other volatile compounds reach the top, they would be separated out from the top of primary column and taken to Pre Rectifier column where they are condensed in beer heater and other primary condensers. The heat would be supplied by the final rectifies vapours from the reboilers provided at the bottom of the primary column. Two reboilers would be provided at the bottom of the primary column to facilitate the heat transfer from rectifier column vapour to primary column. The RS would be fed to the Hydro extractive distillation column for further purification. A reboiler would be installed at the bottom of the hydro extractive distillation column. Impurities such as aldehydes and fusel oil would be removed from the top of the hydro extractive distillation column and would be fed to fusel oil concentration column, while dilute ethanol along with fewer impurities, would be taken from the bottom of the hydro extractive distillation column and fed to rectifier column middle. Steam would be fed to hydro extractive distillation column through Reboiler. In the rectifier column, the ethanol is concentrated to 96% by refluxing the Rectifier reflux liquid. Extra neutral ethanol (ENA) is tapped from the top of Rectifier column, which is directly sent to Refining column for removal of other low boiling impurities. While the bottom product of the Rectifier column called spent lees is drained off.

Light and heavy fusel oil from rectifier column and top cut from hydro extractive distillation column plus ester cut from hydro extractive distillation column would be fed to fusel oil concentration column. The steam would be delivered from the bottom of the defusel column to allow the desired separation. While the bottom product called spent lees would be drained off. The refining column would be fed with the ENA from the rectifier column, which would be boiled off in the refining column to remove the low boiling impurities like methanol and mercaptants. Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) would be tapped from the bottom of the Refining column, which would be cooled upto 30oC, by passing through ENA cooler. Both fermentation and distillation are operated with PLC controls system. This will help in maintaining the parameters consistent and without any fluctuations. Most modern distillery plants use computer system for controlling their parameters.

2.7 SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND THEIR CONTROL

The sources of pollution from existing and proposed operations in the MLSCIL complex shall be mainly manufacturing operations and processes in the industry, boiler and stand by D.G., cooling towers etc. Detailed identification and quantification of impacts, due to above sources, are separated under various heads. A question was raised during public hearing regarding types of pollution generation from proposed distillery. Consultant replied that there are – (1) Water Pollution, (2) Air Pollution, (3) Noise Pollution, (4) Hazardous Wastes, (5)


37

Solid Waste, (6) Odour Pollution, (7) Land Pollution and (8) Occupational Health Hazards and safety. The detailed types of pollution is described in following paragraphs. 2.7.1 Water Pollution Water pollution may be defined as the presence of impurities in water in such quantity and of such nature that impair/restrict use of water for the stated purpose. In short, it can be said that the water is not potable. Fresh water requirement for proposed activity shall be taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. The assignment w.r.t. water pollution aspect was done by Dr. Sangram Ghugare who is an in-house Functional Area Expert (FAE) for Water Pollution (WP) in EEIPL. 2.7.1.1 Water Consumption & Effluent Generation

Total water requirement for 45 KLPD distillery project would be 439 M3/Day. During sugar cane crushing season (180 days) out of total water required 210 M3/Day would be sugar cane condensate, 224 M3/Day would be recycled water from proposed distillery CPU, 4 M3/Day would be treated water from STP used for flushing purpose and 1 M3/Day would be fresh water for domestic purpose. It could be seen that during sugar cane crushing season 99.7% i.e. 100% recycled water will be used for proposed distillery. No any fresh water except for domestic purpose will be required during crushing season. During non crushing season of sugar factory out of total water requirement only 215 M3/Day would be fresh water (4.6 KL/ KL of Alcohol). Fresh water will be taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. Remaining 224M3/Day (50%) would be recycled water from proposed CPU. In existing sugar factory & co-gen plant of MLSCIL; total water requirement for various industrial activities is to the tune of 2,151 M3/Day. Out of total water requirement, 2,127M3/Day is for industrial purpose & 24 M3/Day for domestic purpose. Moreover for industrial purpose 1,980 M3/Day (93%) is utilized from sugar cane condensate. Remaining quantity of 149.4 M3/Day (7%) is fresh water taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. About 21.6M3/Day (1%) of STP treated water will be recycled for flushing purpose & 2.4 M3/Day is fresh water for domestic purpose. Water consumption & effluent generation of distillery & sugar and co-gen is represented in table 2.17 table 2.18 respectively. 2.7.1.2 Domestic Effluent Quantity of domestic effluent from distillery shall be to the tune of 4.5 M3/Day while that from sugar factory and co-gen plant will be 23.5 M3/Day. Total domestic effluent to the tune of 28 M3/Day will be treated separately in proposed Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) to be provided on site. Previously domestic effluent was treated in septic tank followed by sock pit.

2.7.1.3 Industrial Effluent

The effluent generated from proposed 45 KLPD distillery plant shall comprise of raw spentwash to the tune of 335 KL, spent lees to the tune of 90 KL and other effluents viz. cooling blow downs, lab and washing to the tune of 10 KL. Raw spentwash shall be treated in bio-methanation plant followed by concentration in Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE). The concentrated spentwash to the tune of 200 CMD (@ 4.4 KL/KL of Alcohol) shall be forwarded for bio-composting with filler material such as press mud, boiler ash and yeast sludge. MEE condensate (130 CMD), spent lees (90 CMD), cooling blow down (5) Lab &


38

Washing (5 CMD) shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU and recycled back in process for dilution of molasses and other process. Further, effluent form existing sugar factory and co-gen plant to the tune of 200 M3/Day is being treated in full fledge sugar factory Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) provided on site.

Table 2.17 Water Balance for 45 KLPD MLSCIL Distillery

No. Purpose

Consumption (M3/Day) Effluent Generation (M3/Day)

Disposal Crushing; 180 Days

Non-Crushing;

90 Days 1. Domestic 5 (#1+§4) #5 (#1+§4) 4.5 In proposed STP 2. Industrial Processing 360

(♣210 + *150) +

Molasses – 120 KL

360 (#210+*150)

+ Molasses –

120 KL

Raw Spentwash – 335 MEE Conc. Spent wash – 200 MEE Condensate – 130

Raw Spentwash to the tune of 335 M3/Day shall be primarily treated in Bio-methanation Plant followed by concentration in Multi Effect Evaporator (Five Effect). Concentrated spentwash of 200 M3/Day shall be forwarded for Bio-composting along with filler material

Spent lees-90 Spent lees, condensate from MEE, other effluent such as cooling blow down, lab & washing shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU recycled in process.

Lab & Washing

*7 *7 5

Cooling *65 *65 5 Scrubber *2 *2 -- Industrial Total

434 (♣210 + *224)

(0 KL/KL of

Alc.)

434 (#210+*224)

(4.6 KL/KL

of Alc.)

Spentwash 200 M3/Day

(Spentwash @ 4.4 KL/KL of Alcohol) + Other Effluents 230 M3/Day

Total (1+2) 439 (♣210+*224+

§4+ #1) 100 % Recycle

439 (#215 + *224 +

§4) (52 %

Recycle

-- § Total available sugar Cane Condensate – 2380 M3/Day

Note: # - Fresh water taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara § - Treated water from STP * - Treated water from Distillery CPU ♣ - Sugar Factory Cane Condensate Recycle


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Table 2.18 Water Balance for Sugar Factory & Co-gen Plant

Sr. No.

Category Water Consumption (M3/day) Effluent Generations

(M3/day)

Disposal

Crushing; 180 Days

Non-Crushing (Co-gen); 50 Days

1. Domestic 24 (#2.4 + §21.6)

24 (#2.4 + §21.6)

23.5 Treated in Proposed Sewage Treatment Plant

2. Industrial a. Processing *1430 -- 60 The effluent from the

sugar factory & co-gen to the tune of 200 M3/Day shall be treated in state of art Effluent Treatment Plant to be provided on site.

b. Cooling *312 #312 30 c. Boiler 300 (#147 +*153) #300 30 d. DM Back

Wash #70 #70 70

e. Lab & Washing

*10 -- 10

f. Ash Quenching

*5 #5 --

Industrial Total (a + b + c + d +e+f)

2127 (#147 + *1980)

#687

200

3. Grand Total 2151 (#149.4 + *1980 +

§21.6) 93% Recycle

711 (#689.4 + §21.6)

-

Note: # - Fresh water taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara * - Cane Condensation Water § - Treated water from STP CPCB Norms: Water Consumption; 100 Lit/MT Cane: 42.6 Lit./MT Cane Crushed, 93% Condensate Recycle and Effluent Generation; 100 Lit/MT Cane: 57.14 Lit./MT Cane crushed.

2.7.1.4 Total Water Requirement in MLSCIL Integrated Complex

Table 2.19 Water Requirement (During Sugarcane Crushing Season)

Sr. No. Activity

Fresh Water Consumption

(M3/Day)

Treated effluent / Condensate / STP

Treated Water (M3/Day)

Total water (M3/Day)

1

Sugar and (3500 TCD) & Co-gen (10 MW)

149.4 (7%)

2001.6 (93%)

2151 (100%)

2 Distillery (45 KLPD) 1 (0.22%)

438 (99.7%)

439 (100%)

Total 150.4 (6%)

2439.4 (94%)

2590 (100%)


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Table 2.20 Water Requirement (During Non-Crushing Season) Sr. No.

Activity Fresh Water Consumption

Treated effluent / Condensate / Harvested

water

Total water (M3/Day)

1 Co-gen (10 MW) 689.4 (97%) 21.6 (3%) 711 (100%) 2 Distillery 45KLPD) 215 (49%) 224 (51%) 439 (100%) Total 904.4 M3/Day

(79 %) 245.6 M3/Day

(21%) 1150

(100%) For the working pattern in MLSCIL complex, overall water requirement becomes as follows- A. For Crushing Season: For the Sugar Factory and Co-gen plant; total fresh water requirement in a season of

180 Days shall be - 149.4 CMD X 180 Days = 26,892 M3/Season

Similarly for Distillery, total fresh water requirement in a season of 180 Days shall be 1 CMD X 180 = 180 M3/Season Hence, total water requirement shall be – 27,072 M3/Season

B. For Non-Crushing Season: For the Co-gen; total fresh water requirement in a non crushing season of 50 Days shall

be – 689.4 CMD X 50 Days = 34,470 M3/Season Similarly for Distillery, total fresh water requirement in a non crushing season of 90 Days

shall be - 215 CMD X 90 Days = 19,350 M3/Season

Hence, total water requirement shall be – 53,820 M3/Season From above calculations; it is seen that total fresh water requirement in MLSCIL campus is 80,892 M3 (27,072 M3/Season + 53,820 M3/Season). This figure works out to be 0.08 Million M3. The permission granted to MLSCIL by Irrigation Department; Govt. of Maharashtra for lifting fresh water from the 'Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara is 0.218 Million M3, which is more than the actual usage under existing as well as proposed activities in the complex. Refer Appendix – D for water lifting permission letter.

Table 2.21 Details of Multiple Effect Evaporator

Sr. No. Description Details

1. Type of Evaporator Stand Alone Evaporator – Five Effect Forced Evaporation 2. Operating Hours 24 Hours (Continuous Operation) 3. Feed Composition Bio-methanated spentwash

(TS – 5% w/w, Sp. Gr. – 1.050 and pH – 6.5) 4. Feed rate to MEE 21,875 Kg/Hr. (500 CMD or 525 TPD) @ 5% TS w/w. 5. Concentrate output of

Evaporator 3125 Kg/Hr (75 TPD) @ 35 % w/w.

6. Evaporation Capacity 18,750 Kg/Hr (450 TPD) 7. Heating Medium Steam (Dry & Saturated @ 0.5 bar).


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Figure 2.9 Proposed CPU Flowchart


42

Figure 2.10 Cross Section of Spentwash Storage Tank

Table 2.22 Spentwash Characteristics

Sr. No.

Parameter Before Bio-Methanation

After Bio-Methanation

After Bio-Methanation and Concentration

1. pH 3.9 – 4.5 7.0 – 7.8 6.5 – 8.0 2. Total Solids (mg/l) 1,00,000- 1,15,000 20,000 – 25,000 60,000 – 80,000 3. Suspended Solids 15,000 – 20,000 5,000 – 7,000 10,000-15,000 4. Total Dissolved Solids 80,000 – 90,000 15,000 – 18,000 50,000–65,000 5. BOD (mg/l) 60,000 - 80,000 9,000 – 12,000 35,000 – 50,000 6. COD (mg/l) 1,20,000-1,40,000 30,000 – 35,000 70,000 – 90,000


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Table 2.23 Spentwash Generation from Distillery

No. Description Quantity 1. Quantity of spentwash generated- 335 M3/Day 2. Quantity of spentwash after bio-methanation & concentration 200 M3/Day 3. Working days 270 Nos. 4. Total quantity of spentwash generated 54,000 M3/Season

Proportion for Composting Process; Pressmud : Spentwash – 1: 2.5 Solid Content in Filler Material and Spentwash (Conc.) – 30% Cycle of Composting- 45 Days Net Compost Produced – 16,525 MT Land requirement for composting – 8 Acres

Figure 2.11 Section of Compost Yard

Refer Chapter 4 for bio-methanation plant and MEE details. Details w.r.t. mass balance for spentwash bio-composting and land requirement for composting is appended at Appendix- E. Two Tanks for storage of spentwash shall be provided on site. One will be of 30 days storage capacity for digested spentwash while another shall be of 5 days storage capacity for raw spentwash. These tanks shall be designed as per CPCB norms wherein HDPE layer of 500 micron thickness and RCC lining shall be provided to avoid seepages and ground water contamination. Figure 2.10 presents typical cross-section of the spentwash storage tank.


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Figure 2.12 Flow Chart of Sugar Factory ETP

EqualisationTank

Feed Sump

Screen Chamber

(1.5 M X1.5 M X 1.5 M )

O&G Removal

Tank(1.5 M X1.5 M

X 1.5 M)

Balancing Tank

Aeration Tank

( 18 M X 7 M X 1.5 M) ( 8 M X 9 M X 1.5 M) (7 M Ø & 3.5 M)

( 18 M X 9 M X 4.2 M)(8 M Ø & 3 M)

( 7 M X 6 M X 2 M)

Secondary Clarifier

Primary Clarifier

Excess Sludge

Sludge

RAS

SDB

Effluent 325CMD

NeutralizationTank

(2.3 M X 2.3 M X 1 M )

PSF- Pressure Sand FilterRAS- Return Activated SludgeSDB- Sludge Drying Bed

PSF

(3 M X 2.5 M X 1.5 M)

BioTower

( 6 M X 6 M X 9 M)

Treated Water

NO. PARAMETERS UNITRAW

EFFLUENT

TREATED

EFFLUENT

1. pH --- 4 - 6 7 - 82. COD mg/lit 2500 - 2800 <250 mg/3. BOD mg/lit 1000 – 1200 <100 mg/l4. TDS mg/lit 1800 - 2200 <2100 mg/l

2.7.2 Air Pollution Air Pollution can be defined as the presence in the outdoor atmosphere, of one or more air contaminants (i.e. dust, fumes, gas, mist, odour, smoke or vapour) in sufficient quantities, of such characteristics and of such duration so as to threaten or to be injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property, or which reasonably interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property. The assignment w.r.t. Air Pollution (AP) aspect was done by In-house FAE of EEIPL namely Dr. Sangram Ghugare, Mr. Yuvraj Damugade. Also, empanelled FAE of EEIPL Mr. J. M. Gadgil and our in-house Functional Area Associate (FAA) – Mr. Sangram Patil and Ms. Tejal Patil were involved in the overall exercise w.r.t. Air Quality and Modelling studies i.e. AQ aspect w.r.t. the project. 2.7.2.1 Boilers and D.G. Sets Under existing sugar factory, 2 boilers of capacities 30 TPH, and 50 TPH are installed under co-generation plant. The same are provided with wet scrubber as Air Pollution Control (APC) equipment followed by common stack of 65 M. height. Also, two D.G. sets of 500 KVA and 160 KVA are installed on site. Following table gives details of existing boilers and D.G. Sets. No any new boiler will be installed under proposed distillery of MLSCIL.


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Table 2.24 Boilers and D.G. Sets of MLSCIL

Sr. No.

Stack Number(s) Sugar Factory and Co-gen 1 2 3 4

1. Attached to Boiler 1 Boiler 2 D.G. Set 1 D.G. Set 2 2. Capacity 50 TPH 30 TPH 160 KVA 500 KVA 3. Fuel type Bagasse Bagasse Diesel Diesel 4. Calorific Value 2200 Kcal/Kg 2200 Kcal/Kg -- -- 5. Fuel quantity 545 MT/Day 328 MT/Day 0.2 Lit/KWh 0.2 Lit/KWh 6. Ash content 3.5 % 3.5 % -- -- 7. Sulphur content 0.172 % 0.172 % -- -- 8. Material of construction M.S. M.S. M.S. M.S. 9. Shape Bent tubes

Drum Round Bent tubes

Drum Round Round

10. Height, AGL 65 M 5 M 11. Diameter 6.5 x 6.5 M 6.5 x 5 M 0.2 M 12. Internal Diameter 3.2 M 3.2 M -- 13. Stack diameter 3.2 M 3.2 M -- 14. Gas flow rate, Nm3/Hr 67 Nm3/Hr 35 Nm3/Hr -- 15. Flue Gas Temp. 170 0C 170 0C -- 16. Exit gas velocity, m/sec. 15 m/sec. 15 m/sec. -- 17. ID Fan Capacity(2 Nos.) 2000 M3/min 2100 M3/min -- 18. APC Equipment Wet Scrubber Wet Scrubber --

Table 2.25 Characteristics of Fuel – Bagasse

Sr. No.

Fuel Description

Bagasse Diesel

1. Calorific Value 2200 Kcal/Kg 10200 Kcal/Kg 2. Ash content 3.0 % 0.1 % 3. Sulphur content 0.0 % 1 % 4. Fixed Carbon 22.9 % -- 5. Moisture Content 50 % -- 6. Oxygen 21.3 % -- 7. Hydrogen 2.8 % --

Table 2.26 Details of Bagasse Storage

No. Description Mode of Storage Area Days of

Storage Mode of

Transportation to Boiler

1. Bagasse Bagasse is bailed and stored in dedicated separate open storage yard in own premises

10,000 Sq.M.

230 Conveyor belt


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Table 2.27 Details of APC Equipment Wet Scrubber

No. Description Details 1. Wet Scrubber make Niks Technical Services, Pune 2. Boiler Capacity (AFBC) 30 T/Hr. Steam & 50 T/Hr. Steam 3. Gas Flow Inlet 6100 m3/Min. 4. Temperature Inlet 170 0C 5. Dust load at Wet Scrubber outlet <100 mg/Nm3 6. Inlet dust concentration 4000 mg/Nm3 7. Overall dust collection efficiency with all

fields 97 % > 10 Micron

2.7.2.2 Fugitive Emissions Fugitive emission under existing activities of sugar factory shall be mainly the dust emissions. The sources of same are mill house, sugar bagging, bagasse yard, pressmud yard, internal kuccha roads, bagasse conveyor; feeding section and ash storage yard in co-gen plant, improper function of APC equipment etc. The trouble with dust in work zone and ambient atmospheres shall be controlled by certain dedicated measures. An action plan has been prepared in the industry that includes – proper exhaust and ventilation arrangements, monitoring of proper of working of pollution control equipment, proper handling; storage and disposal of dust collected, use of PPEs for staff and workers, augmentation of existing green belt with adequate density and type to control and attenuate dust transfer in the premises, provision of properly surfaced internal roads and work premises (tarred and concrete). 2.7.2.3 Process Emissions CO2 generation shall take place in fermenters of the distillery. CO2 which shall be liberated from fermentation would be scrubbed in water, with the help of CO2 scrubber. This CO2 contains ethanol, which would be recovered by collecting water from CO2 scrubber into fermenters.

2.7.2.4 Transportation Details

Table 2.28 Details of Sugarcane Transport to Sugar Factory

No. Type of Vehicle Avg.

Capacity Daily No. of

Vehicles Distance Travelled

Daily Qty. of Cane

1. Trucks 16 MT 175 80 Km 2800 MT 2. Tractors/Trolleys 18 MT 100 50 Km 1800 MT 3. Bullock Carts 02 MT 200 20 Km 400 MT

Total 475 150 Km 5000 MT

Table 2.29 Product/ By-Product Transportation Details

No. Product Type of Vehicle

Avg. Capacity

Daily No. of Vehicles

Distance Travelled

Daily Qty. of Cane

1. Sugar Trucks 25 MT 20 1000 Km 500 MT 2. Pressmud Trolleys 04 MT 05 350 Km 20 MT

Total 25 1350 Km 520 MT 3. Alcohol Tankers 25 MT 5 1000 Km 500 MT


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2.7.3 Solid Waste Solid wastes from the industries are categorized as hazardous and non-hazardous. Wastes that pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant, or animal life are classified as hazardous wastes. Non-hazardous waste is defined as the waste that contributes no damage to human or animal life. However, it only adds to the quantity of waste. The assignment w.r.t. solid and hazardous waste was done by Dr. Sangram Ghugare who is in-house FAE of EEIPL for SHW.

Table 2.30 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Details

No. Industrial Unit

Waste Type Quantity Storage Disposal

1. Distillery Yeast Sludge 10 KL/Day (300 KL/M)

Immediate utilization

To be consumed during spent wash composting process. CPU sludge 0.5 MT/M

2. Co-gen Plant Boiler Ash 30 MT/D (900 MT/M)

Silo of cap. 50 MT

Sold to brick manufacturers

3. Sugar Factory

Biological sludge from ETP

15 MT/D (450 MT/M)

-- Used as fertilizer in own land

Agreement shall be done for utilization of ash with nearby brick manufacturers as per the MoEFCC Notification S. O. 763 (E) dated 14.09.1999 amendments dated 27.08.2003 and 03.11.2009.

Table 2.31 Ash Storage Details

Sr. No.

Unit Boiler Ash Qty. Storage Type Days of storage

Capacity Transportation

1 Existing Sugar

30 TPH & 50 TPH

360 MT/M

Covered area of 6000 M2

60 days

1800 MT

Using covered Trolleys

The ash generated from the existing boilers is collected separately and taken to ash silo system. Water sprinkling arrangement is made to avoid suspension of fly ash into the air. 2.7.4 Hazardous Wastes

Different types of hazardous wastes being generated from existing operations as well as those to be generated from proposed activities and their disposal methods are presented in following table.

Table 2.32 Details of Hazardous Waste

Sr. No.

Industrial Unit Hazardous Waste Category

Quantity Storage Disposal

1 Sugar and Cogeneration Unit

5.1 - Spent Oil 5.0 Kg/Day

HDPE Drums

Reuse in own boiler as fuel

2 Proposed Distillery Unit

5.1 - Spent Oil 1.8 MT/Yr HDPE Drums

Would be burnt with bagasse in co-gen boiler.

Refer the Figure 2.13 given below for storage yard of hazardous waste.


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Figure 2.13 Storage Yard for Solid & Hazardous Waste

2.7.5 Noise Pollution Noise is normally defined as objectionable or unwanted sound, which is without agreeable quality and essentially non-euphonious. The concern on noise depends upon the noise level near the source, on the work environment and near the residential zone. Earlier, noise was summarized to be exclusively an occupational problem. But, since the effects are found also on people who are not directly involved, it has acquired wider dimension. Hence, it is necessary to know the noise levels near the sources as well as near the residential colonies. 2.7.5.1. Sources of Noise Pollution 1. In the sugar factory, co-gen and distillery; noise generating sources generally are the

boiler house, turbine rooms, transportation of vehicles, cane crushing section, mill house, distillation section etc. The expected noise levels in these sections would be in the range of 60 to 65 dB (A). All preventive measures such as regular operation & maintenance of pumps, motors, and compressors would be carried out and enclosures would be provided to abate noise levels at source.

2. Two D.G. sets of 160 KVA and 500 KVA capacities are provided under existing set-up. The D.G. Sets would be one of the major sources of noise pollution. But the operations of same would be only in the case of power failure.

3. The noise would also be created by movement of trucks/ tractor trolleys and other vehicles for material transportation. However, this would not be of a continuous nature and would not have much impact on the work environment of the project site. Insulation helps considerably in limiting noise levels.

4. Workers entering the plant shall be protected by earmuffs, which would give the reduction of about 30 dB (A). The sources of noise pollution identified in the existing sugar and co-gen unit is given in following table-


49

Table 2.33 Noise levels in Existing Industrial Unit

S. No. Locations Day Time (dBA) 1. Transportation of Vehicles 70 2. Boiler 80 3. Turbine 85 4. Pumps and Compressors 65 5. Machinery 75 6. D.G. Sets 80

From above table, it is observed that the noise levels from boiler (80 dBA), turbine (85 dBA) and D.G. Sets (80 dBA) are exceeding the ambient noise level standard of 75 dBA. Due to this, the boiler and turbine are kept in isolation (for reduction of noise upto standard limit) and the workers in this vicinity are provided with PPEs (earplugs, earmuffs, etc.)

2.7.6 Odour Pollution

Under proposed distillery project, spentwash shall be carried through closed pipeline for bio-methanation and concentration in MEE. Hence, odour nuisance due to spentwash storage and bio-composting activity shall be entirely eliminated. To abate the odour nuisance, the MLSCIL has a concrete planning which includes following steps and actions – 1. It is proposed to provide covered fermentation and tapping of CO2 gas. 2. Collection of waste yeast sludge from fermentation section in a closed system and its

immediate and proper disposal. 3. Reduced volume of effluents (spentwash, spent leese) by adopting strategic approaches

such as use of the effluents back in process under Reduce-Reuse-Recycle planning. 4. Closed and online system for carrying spentwash to the treatment units, viz. MEE. 5. Suitable plantation in and around the treatment units, which can minimize undesirable

smells around the treatment units. 6. Adoption of GMP’s (Good Management Practices). 7. Arranging awareness and training camps for workers. 8. Use of PPEs like masks by everybody associated with odour potential prone areas. 9. India has very few trained and skilled manpower as per the requirement of international

practices for the odour monitoring and control. Therefore, the human resource shall be developed and continuous efforts will be made for upgrading the knowledge base and skill in this area. The human resource development shall include representatives from academic and national research institutions, state and central regulatory agencies and distilleries.

2.7.7 Land Pollution Land pollution may take place due to use of untreated effluent for gardening/irrigation purpose. Fly ash, if deposited on land, would lead to land pollution. Spentwash from distillery would be bio-methanated and concentrated followed by its utilization for bio-composting with pressmud. The other effluent generated from distillery activities would be treated along with the effluent generated from sugar factory & co-gen operation. This entire effluent would be diverted to the proposed ETP in own sugar factory premises. The treated water, as per MPCB norms, would be utilized for gardening/irrigation. Bagasse would be used as fuel in boiler in co-gen plant. Emissions would be only in the form of SPM. Boilers shall be provided with stack of adequate height and wet scrubber preceding the stack as APC


50

equipment. Solid waste in the form of boiler ash to the tune of 30 MT/Day would be used as filler material as well as sold to the farmers for use as manure. Also, spent oil under Cat. No. 5.1 would be burnt along with bagasse in the co-gen boiler. 2.7.8 Budgetary Allocation by Industry towards Environment Protection

Investment done by MLSCIL towards environment protection under existing sugar factory & co-gen plant is presented as follows –

Table 2.34 Capital As Well As O & M Cost (Existing Sugar Factory & Co-gen Plant)

Sr. No.

Description Cost Component Capital O & M (Annual)

1. Installation of APC to co-gen boiler comprising of wet scrubber; stack of 65 M height

Rs. 51 Lakhs. Rs.1.58 Lakhs.

2. ETP Facility comprising of full-fledged ETP – Primary, Secondary treatment & online monitoring system

Rs. 300.99 Lakhs.

Rs. 5.10 Lakhs

3. Noise Pollution Control Rs. 4.15 Lakhs Rs. 0.42 Lakhs 4. Environmental Monitoring and Management Rs. 13.75 Lakhs Rs. 1.37 Lakhs 5. Green Belt Development Rs. 7.1 Lakhs Rs. 0.85 Lakhs

Total Rs. 376.99 Lakhs Rs. 9.32 Lakhs The capital as well as O & M cost towards environmental aspects under proposed activities would be as follows –

Table 2.35 Capital as well as O & M Cost (Proposed Distillery)

Sr. No.

Description Cost Component Capital Annual

O & M 1 Spentwash Treatment: Biomethanation Plant, MEE,

Biocomposting Infrastructure, CPU. Rs. 8.00 Cr. Rs. 1.5 Cr.

2 Noise Pollution : Insulation, Isolation, Attenuation Infrastructure of Plant & Machinery, PPEs

Rs. 0.25 Cr. Rs. 0.05 Cr.

3 Env. Monitoring and Management -- Rs. 0.15 Cr. 4 Occupational Health and Safety Rs. 0.25 Cr. -- 5 Green Belt Development & Rain Water Harvesting Rs. 0.35 Cr. Rs. 0.05 Cr.

Total Rs. 8.85 Cr. Rs. 1.75 Cr.


51

2.7.9 Details of Maintenance

Table 2.36 Details of Maintenance for Machinery/Equipments during Crushing Season

Sr. No.

Process Details Equipments/ machine in section that are taken

for maintenance

Type of activity for maintenance

(washing, heating, screening etc)

Equipments/ machine/ chemicals used for

maintenance

Days required for maintenance

Distillery 1. Fermentation section Fermentation Tanks, CW

Tank, yeast Probation Vessels, Plate Heat Exchangers, Fermenter Recirculation Pump etc.

Cleaning with water No Chemicals used for tank cleaning only at the time pump maintenance bearing, oil seals will be replaced with new one whenever pumps are breakdown

Minimum 2 to 3 days required for tank cleaning after 40 days intervals and whenever pump maintenance occurs it will be rectify immediately.

2. Distillation section Condensers and column re-boilers, PHE, Distillation feed and reflux pumps etc

Brushing and washing Caustic soda and Conc. Nitric acid will be used for re-boiler cleaning and sulphamic acid will be used for condensers cleaning. pump maintenance bearing, oil seals will be replaced with new one whenever pumps are breakdown

Minimum 2 to 3 days required for condensers and re-boiler cleaning after 40 days intervals and whenever pump maintenance occurs it will be rectify immediately

3. MEE Evaporators bodies, Re-boilers and surface condensers and pumps

Chemical cleaning, Brushing, washing etc.

Caustic soda and Conc. Nitric Acid will be used for CIP cleaning for Evap. Bodies and condensers and pump maintenance bearing, oil seals will be replaced with new one whenever pumps are breakdown

Minimum 2 to 3 days required for Evap. Bodies & re-boilers and surface condensers cleaning after 40 days intervals and whenever pump maintenance occurs it will be rectify immediately


52

Table 2.37 Details of Maintenance for Machinery/ Equipments during Crushing Season (Existing Sugar Factory and Co-gen Plant)

Sr. No.

Process Details

Equipments/ machine taken for

maintenance

Type of Activity for maintenance

Equipments/ Machines/

Chemicals used for maintenance

Hrs./Days required for maintenance

Frequency of maintenance

Generation of effluent (CMD) or solid waste/ scrap

waste (MT/D)

Disposal of effluent/ solid waste /scrap

Sugar Factory 1. Sulphitation Juice Heater Brushing,

cleaning Cutter / Brush / Brushing Motor/ Water

1 Hr. Daily (One by one heater)

2 M3/Hr. ETP

Juice Sulphiter Cleaning Water 1 Hr.

Once in two months at the time of cleaning

1 M3/Hr. ETP Sulphur Burner Cleaning Manually 2 Hrs. 0.25 MT/Day –

Solid Waste Collection in open space and disposal with ash

SO2 Gas Line Cleaning Water 2 Hrs. 0.5 CMD ETP Lime Tank Cleaning Water 1 Hr. 0.5 M3/Hr ETP Lime Pipeline Cleaning Water 2 Hrs. 0.5 CMD ETP

2. Clarification

Clarifier Cleaning Water 2 Days In off season 2 CMD ETP Vacuum Filter Cleaning Caustic soda/Water 1 Hr.

Once in two months at the time of cleaning

0.5 M3/Hr.

Collection in separate tank and after two days forwarded to ETP

3. Evaporator Body & Calandria

Brushing & Cleaning

Caustic soda/ Water/ Brushing Motor/ Cutter / Brush

1 Day 5 CMD

4. Vacuum Pan

Body & Calandria Brushing & Cleaning

HCl / Water / Brushing Motor/ Cutter / Brush

8 Hrs. 2 CMD

5. Boiler Feed Water Pump Suction Strainer Cleaning

Water/ Manually 2 Hrs. Weekly 0.2 CMD ETP

ID, FD, SA Fan Greasing of Bearing

Molykote BR-2 Plus Grease

2 Hrs. each fan

Monthly 5 Kg – Old Grease – Solid Waste

Old grease used to preserve the machine parts i.e. chain, etc.


53

Sr. No.

Process Details


maintenance






Generation of effluent (CMD) or solid waste/ scrap

waste (MT/D)

Disposal of effluent/ solid waste /scrap

Boiler Furnace Bank zone tube & Eco tube

Cleaning of ash on cleaning day

Scraping 8 Hrs. Monthly 5 MT/D - Ash Disposed to ash yard

6. ETP Bar Screen Cleaning Manually Half Hr. Daily 1 Kg/Day Collection in open space and disposal with ash

Co-Gen Plant 7. Turbine Oil cooler – 2Nos. Brushing of

tube Nylon Brush/ Manually

8 Hrs. each Monthly 1 CMD ETP

Alternator Radiator – 2 Nos.

Brushing of tube

Nylon Brush/ Manually

8 Hrs. each Monthly 2 CMD ETP

GVC – 1 No. Brushing of tube

Nylon Brush/ Manually

6 Hrs. Monthly 0.5 CMD ETP

Table 2.38 Details of Maintenance for Machinery / Equipments during Non - Crushing Season

Sr. No.

Process Details


maintenance






Generation of effluent (CMD) or solid waste/ scrap waste (MT/Day)

Disposal of effluent/ solid waste/scrap

Sugar Factory 1. Sulphitation Juice Heater Scraping / Painting Manually 20 Days One Time 50 Kg Collection in

open space and disposal with ash

Juice Sulphiter Scraping / Painting Manually 30 Days One Time 80 Kg Sulphur Burner Scraping / Painting Manually 2 Days One Time 10 Kg SO2 Gas Line Scraping / Painting Manually 3 Days One Time 20 Kg Lime Tank Scraping / Painting Manually 2 Days One Time 15 Kg Lime Pipeline Scraping / Painting Manually 3 Days One Time 15 Kg

2. Clarification Clarifier Scraping / Painting Manually 60 Days One Time 75 Kg Collection in


54

Sr. No.

Process Details


maintenance








Vacuum Filter Scraping / Painting Manually 2 Days One Time 5 Kg open space and disposal with ash

3. Evaporator Body Scraping / Painting Manually 60 Days One Time 125 Kg 4. Vacuum Pan Body Scraping / Painting Manually 45 Days One Time 90 Kg 5. Boiler Feed Water Tank i. Cleaning by water

ii. Scraping iii. Painting

i.Water ii.Scraper

iii.Anti-corrosive paint and painting brush

1 Month One Time i. 2 CMD water ii. Scales – 50 Kg

i. CMD water ii. Scales – 50

Kg

Boiler Tube Brushing (Inside)

Brushing i. Turk head wire brush/ Brushing water

ii.Water

1 Month One Time 2 CMD ETP

Outside cleaning of boiler tube

Scraping i.Scraper ii.Emery Paper

manually

1 Month One Time 1 MT/Day Disposed to ash yard

ID, FD, SA Fan i.Cleaning ii.Scraping

iii.Painting

i.Scraper ii.Emery Paper

iii.Paint & Brush

1 Month for each fan.

One Time 2 MT/M - Ash Disposed to ash yard

Air Heater Brushing of tube i.Turk head wire brush/ brushing motor

ii.Water by manually

1 Month One Time 2 MT/M – Ash and 5 M3/M - water

Disposed to ash yard and ETP

Feed Water Pump

Dismantling the Assembly and overhauling the pump

i.Spanners ii.Diesel

iii.Spares

1 Month One Time - -

6. ETP Equalization Tank

Cleaning Manually 20 Days One Time 2 MT Collection in open space and


55

Sr. No.

Process Details


maintenance








Primary Clarifier Cleaning Manually 5 Days One Time 0.5 MT disposal with ash Bio Tower Cleaning Manually 1 Day One Time 0.25 MT

Aeration Tank Cleaning Manually 10 Days One Time 1 MT Sec. Clarifier Cleaning Manually 5 Days One Time 0.5 MT Sludge Tank Cleaning Manually 15 Days One Time 5 MT

Co-Gen Plant 7. Turbine i. Turbine

Assembly i.Dismantling the

assembly of turbine ii.Taking rotor

outside iii.Cleaning of Roof &

Diaphragm iv.Checking of

Bearing v.Cleaning of upper

and lower casing

i. Scrapper ii. Rustolyne iii. Emery Paper iv. Grinders

1 Month One Time - -

ii. Oil Cooler, Radiator & GVC

Cleaning and brushing of tubes

Nylon Brush 15 Day One Time 3 CMD ETP

Hydraulic Testing Hydro test pump 4 Day One Time 3 CMD ETP


56

2.7.10 Waste Minimization Techniques in MLSCIL

Table 2.39 Waste Minimization Techniques

Sr. No

Station Pollutant Preventive Measures Waste Management Options Cost Nature Type

1 Cane Yard Solid Trash & dung Collect as early as possible Compost Low 2 Bagasse Storage

Yard Solid Bagasse Collect at the end of the season Compost Low

3 Milling Section Liquid Oil & grease Collect in trays which can be easily lifted & stored in drum

Can be sold as low grade lubricants or burnt in boilers after mixing with Bagasse

Low

Liquid Floor washings

Adopt dry cleaning, give proper slope to floors, improve collection system

------ Low

Liquid Leakages & spillovers

Use mechanical seals for all pump glands & alarms for overflow

Collect leakages &spillages in a pit and recycle into process

Low

Liquid Cooling waters

Collect the super heater & mill bearing cooling water

Recycle Low

4 Cane Carrier Solid Bagasse Use closed transfer system Cover the drains so that Bagasse do not enter into the drains

High

5 Sulphur Burner Gaseous SO2 Operate scrubbers efficiently

Provide mask to operators Low

6 Lime Station Semi-solid Lime solution Provide proper slope to the drain Allow it to mix with the effluent Low 7 Clarification and

Vacuum Filters Liquid Leakages from pumps,

glands & pipes overflow

Install overflow alarms & provide mechanical seals

Recycle the cooling Waters Low

8 Boiler House

Liquid

Boiler blow Down

Maintain boiler condition & also feed water quality Adjust air fuel ratio for efficient

Use it for irrigation along with other effluents

Low


57

Sr. No


Gaseous Stack emissions

combustion. Check the air pollution control equipment performance

Fly ash can be used as soil conditioner/ brick manufacturing/ composting

High

9 Crystallizer & Pan Boiling

Liquid

Leakages from pumps Spillovers

Provide Mechanical seals wherever it is appropriate Recycle all cooling Waters Avoid overloading the Equipment

Recycle the cooling Waters Collect spillages & recycle in process

Low

10 Evaporator & Juice Heating

Liquid Sugar entrainment

Provide additional external catchers for the last body evaporators & all vacuum pans use poly baffle stainless steel instead of umbrella type save all Pump gland shall be provided with mechanical seals to prevent leakages

Recycle the water if there is no entrainment and in case there is entrainment use it for irrigation

High

11 Cleanings of Vessels, Boilers etc., & Laboratory Washings

Liquid High BOD & COD, chemicals as NaOH, Sulphamic Acid, lead

Recycle NaOH for next cleaning Provide standby units to have continuous operations Store the effluent in a holding tank to avoid shock loads on ETP

Controlled loading in ETP from a storage Tank Segregate laboratory effluents and join to storage tank

High

12 Pressmud Solid Soil conditioner

Immediate disposal Presently, use as a filler material in composting and in proposed project it would be sold to outside parties.

Low

13 Molasses Semi-solid By-product Use only steel tanks Provide mixing & cooling arrangements

High

14 Fermenter Semi-solid Yeast sludge Store on compost yard Use as a filler material in composting in proposed project it would be sold to

Low


58

Sr. No


outside parties 15 Distillation

Column Liquid Spent wash (High

organic Effluent) Spent lees Effluent, MEE Condensate and other effluents.

Immediate disposal Appropriate Treatment

Bio-methanation - Concentration Forwarded to CPU to be installed under proposed unit

High

16 *Fugitive Emission Gaseous Sugar Dust, SO2 Dust collectors Scrubbers Recycle High 17 Vibrating &

Heavy Machinery

Noise Sound Use silencer pads & closed rooms

Provide earplugs & earmuffs to workers and also change the work environment frequently

Low

18 ETP, CPUs Sludge Primary & secondary sludge

H.W. as per notification of 2010 To be incinerated in distillery spentwash incineration boiler.

Medium

19 Bagasse Solid Dust & Fire Provide proper Ventilation for storage and also stand posts in case of fire

Store it far away from the industry Low

20 Odour Gaseous ETP, Molasses tank, stale cane Stale cane, bad mill sanitation,

Bacterial growth in interconnecting pipes & unattended drains

Proper House Keeping, Better cane management to avoid staling of sugar

Sludge management in biological ETP units, Steaming of major pipe lines, Regular use of Bleaching powder in the drains, Efficient handling, prompt & proper disposal of Pressmud

Low

*The fugitive emissions are mainly sugar dust emanating from sugar graders. The SO2 emissions are from Sulphur Burner. The stack height should be above the roof level. If there are leakages, the SO2 gas may cause air pollution and hence, the provision for scrubbing of the SO2 shall be made.


59

2.7.11 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN The total plot area of existing and proposed MLSCIL project is 4, 44,971 Sq. M (44.4 Ha). An area of 1, 75,006 Sq. M would be an actual area on which the industrial activities would be carried out. Further, the open space is 2,69,965 Sq. M. As per MoEFCC norms the proposed green belt development would be 1,56,137 Sq. M. i.e. 35% of the total plot area. Thick plantation barrier have been provided on the periphery of the MIDC industrial plot as well as on the NA land. Augmentation of avenue tree plantation along all the internal and approach roads shall be done. Appendix - F may be referred for Green belt development Plan. 2.7.12 RAIN WATER HARVESTING ASPECT

As mentioned above the total area of plot would be 61,200 Sq. M. Out of this area, the actual activities of industry would be carried out on 27,088 Sq. M areas and a space of about 18,572Sq. M would be left as open space.

As far as the rainwater harvesting aspect at the project site of MLSCIL is concerned, the details are as follows-

The rain harvesting could be of two types namely harvesting from ground and harvesting from rooftops. The quantity of harvested rainwater that becomes available during and after precipitation depends upon a number of factors such as area of land, nature of soil, impervious or paved areas, plantation on the land, average annual rainfall in the region, ambient temperatures of the region, wind direction and speed etc. A. The Rooftop Harvesting

Here collection of the rainwater getting accumulated from direct precipitation on the total roof area is taken in to account. The rainwater thus becoming available from terraces as well as roofs of various structures and units in the industrial premises would be collected through arrangements of channels and pipes to be provided as per appropriate slopes at the roof level. The collected rain water would then be taken to ground and either stored in open excavated tanks / ditches in the ground or charged directly to bore wells to be provided in the premises. The areas considered under roof top are from security cabin (25 M2), Admin building (225 M2), Canteen (75 M2), Distillation (450 M2), Evaporation (240 M2), Fermentation Section (1050 M2), Parking (450 M2), Bulk storage (100 M2) and Workshop maintenance (100 M2). The total roof top area under proposed distillery is about 2715 M2.

For the calculation of rain water quantity that is going to become available subsequent to rooftop harvesting, a computation method from the ‘Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering’ has been adopted. There under, A. N. Khosala’s formula has been followed. The allied calculations are as under- Average annual rainfall in the area = 545 mm. Now, as per “A. N. Khosla’s Formula”, the average annual accumulation can be calculated by using the following equation:

R = (P- t / 2.12)


60

Where, R=Average annual accumulation in cm, for the catchment area. P=The corresponding average annual rainfall or precipitation, in cm, over the entire catchment. (In current case it is 545 mm i.e. 54.5 cm) t = Mean annual temperature in deg. Centigrade. (In current case it is 260C) The accumulation on the entire catchment area will be, R= (54.5– 26/2.12) = 42.23 say 42 Cm. Volume acquired by this accumulation water will be, = 42 Cm Roof Top Area = 0.42 M 2715 M2 = 1,140.3 M3 Thus, about 1,140.3 M3 of rainwater could become available during every season from the ‘Roof Top Harvesting’ operations. This when charged to open / bore wells would definitely have a positive impact on the ground water quantity.

B. Surface Harvesting Under this type of harvesting, the rainwater getting accumulated through surface runoff, from land area in the industrial premises, would be collected and stored in open excavated tanks / pits to be provided in the industrial plot. This harvested rainwater would recharge the ground water through actions namely seepage and infiltration to the aquifers. On the open land in the premises counter bunding, terracing and dressing would be done so as to divert the rainwater as per natural slopes to various tranches excavated on the plot in a decentralized manner. The entire industrial premises would be divided in zones and the harvested water from such zone would be directed to the nearest available ditch/tank constructed as mentioned above. Further, the recharge points would be located as per geometry of zones.

Total Plot Area – Built- up Area = Open Land Area including area under roads 61,200 M2 – 2, 7088 M2 = 34,112 M2

Now, a. Average annual rainfall in the Solapur area - 545 mm b. Open land area in the industrial premises – 34,112 M2 c. Type and nature of the Area with about 30% area being impervious (paved). Here an area

under curing yard and storage yards as well as roads comes in the category of paved surfaces.

d. Type of Land- On an average, the land in Solapur belongs to flat and barren. e. Value of Runoff Co-efficient based on type and nature of area as well as the land – 0.40 f. Runoff getting accumulated from the land area under Point No. b above-

34,112 M2 x 0.54 M x 0.4 = 7368.19 M3 say 7368 M3 Hence, the total water becoming available after rooftop and land harvesting would be

1,140.3 M3+ 7368 M3 = 8508.3 M3 i.e. 8.5 ML

Chapter 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT…3

61

3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter incorporates description of existing environmental status in the 'Study Area' which is a region within a circle of 10 Km radius with the industry/plant at its center. The existing environmental condition of the study area is representative of impacts due to all the industries, units and projects in it and is described with respect to the topography, climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil characteristics, flora, fauna, socio-economic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance. The study area in respect of proposed distillery project by Matoshri Laxmi Sugar & Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL) in existing premises of sugar and co-gen unit is located in Satling Nagar at Ruddhewadi post Dudhani of Akkalkot Taluka in Solapur District. The project site co-ordinates are Latitude 17o22'46.60'' N and Longitude 76°20'25.29" E. 3.2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER (LU & LC) The term land use relates to the human activity or economic function associated with a specific piece of land, while the term land cover relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth (Lilles and Kiefer, 2000). The knowledge of Land Use & Land Cover is important for many planning and management activities as it is considered as an essential element for modeling and understanding the earth system. Land use maps are presently being developed from local to national to global scales for environmental impact assessment studies. The satellite remote sensing technology has found its acceptance worldwide for rapid resource assessment and monitoring, particularly in the developing world. All these advancement have widened the applicability of remotely sensed data in various areas like forest cover, vegetation type mapping and their changes in regional scale. If satellite data is judiciously used along with the sufficient ground data, it is possible to carry out detailed forest inventories, monitoring of land use and vegetation cover at various scales. The assignment w.r.t. land use and land cover mapping using LISS IV satellite image of study area in and around Akkalkot village has been done by Mr. Vinaykumar Kurakula who is an empanelled FAE of EEIPL for LU & LC. The scope of work methodology involved and allied details are presented in following paragraphs. 3.2.1 Scope of Work

Major objective of the assignment was to prepare LU & LC of the study area and simultaneously demarcating topographic features especially emphasizing drainage map of the region. 3.2.2 Study Area

For the present study, an area of 10 Km radius from the MLSCIL plant, (which comes to about 314 Sq. Km.) has been marked and selected as per guidelines. Also, there are many industries located in study area. Existing status of industrial areas in Solapur district are mentioned in following tables.


62

Table 3.1 Existing Status of Industrial Areas in Solapur District

Name of Area

Area (in Ha.)

No. of Plots Developed

No. of Plots

Allotted

Prevailing Rate (Rs. /Sq. m.)

No. of Vacant Plots

Akkalkot Road 216.48 903 903 3701 NIL Chincholi 1022.60 720 510 2822 210 Tembhurni 321.44 164 58 1021 106 Mangalvedha 95.06 40 1

6 1311 24

Kurduwadi 25.97 42 06 1050 38 Total 1681.55 187

0 1493 -- 378

3.2.3 Purpose of Land Use Mapping Land use study requires data regarding topography, zoning, settlement, industry, forest, roads and traffic etc. The collection of this data was done from various secondary sources viz. census books, revenue records, state and central government offices, Survey of India topo-sheets etc. and through primary field surveys as well as high resolution multi spectral satellite image from IRS RESOURCESAT 2 Satellite with LISS IV sensor. The date of pass of the image is 25.05.2013. The image has a spatial resolution of 5M X 5M. Apart from LULC Map, topographic features of the region were extracted covering village locations, streams, roads, river in the satellite image. In addition to this, natural drainage network is also captured to prepare drainage map as required. The purposes of land use studies are: To determine the present land use pattern; To determine the temporal changes in land use pattern over a period of ten years or so; To analyze the impact on land use due to industrial growth in the study area; To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-à-vis growth of

industries in the study area and its associated impacts.

3.2.4 Methodology for LU & LC Study

The overall methodology adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of the present study involves the following steps. Satellite data of IRS Resourcesat-2 sensor is geometrically corrected and enhanced using principal component method and nearest neighborhood re-sampling technique. Subsequently, preparation of basic themes like layout map, transport & settlement map was done from the satellite image by visual interpretation and ground truth verification. Thereafter, essential maps (related to natural resources) like Land use/Land cover map are prepared by visual interpretation of the satellite imagery. Visual interpretation is carried out based on the image characteristics like tone, size, shape, pattern, texture, location, association, background etc. in conjunction with existing maps/ literature. Also, Preliminary quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps prepared. Lastly, all the maps prepared are converted into soft copy by digitization of contours and drainages. In that process editing, labeling, mosaicing, quality checking, data integration etc. are done, finally Land use areas are measured in square kilometers (Figure 3.1). The location of MLSCIL industry is shown on satellite image in Figure 3.2 and visual interpretation keys used for the study area are given in Figure 3.3.


63

Figure 3.1 Google Image Showing Study Area


64

Figure 3.2 Process Flow Chart


65

Figure 3.3 Satellite Image


66

Figure 3.4 Visual Interpretation Keys Used for the Study

Project Site

Settlement

Water Bodies

Roads

Railway Line

Crop Land

Fallow Land

River

Barren Land

3.3 LAND USE STUDIES It includes study of topographic features and land use under which area statistics for LULC classes is presented.


67

3.3.1 Land Use of Study Area Land use & land cover map (Figure 3.5) was developed by using supervised classification. LU & LC interpretation was done based on the image color, texture and tone ground truth verification. Ground truth verification was carried out to validate the results of classified image and reconciliation was carried out with actual location of landmark features such as water bodies, fallow land, agriculture land etc.

Table 3.2 Area Statistics for Land Use & Land Cover Classes

Sr. No. Classes Area in Ha. Percentage

1. Built Up Area 616.41 1.96 2. Crop Land 13136.90 41.82 3. Fallow Land 12494.80 39.77 4. Barren Land 4964.94 15.80 5. River 189.83 0.60 6. Water Bodies 12.62 0.04 Total 31415.50 100.00

Figure 3.5 Land Use & Land Cover Classification

In all, 6 LULC classes were found within the area with crop land covering an area of 41.82% of the total 314 Sq. Km. The other significant contribution is made by fallow land - 39.77 %, barren land - 15.80%, water bodies 0.04 %, river 0.60 % and built up area of 1.96%.

1.96%

41.82%

39.77%

15.80%

0.60%

0.04%

Land Use Classification

Built Up Area

Crop Land

Fallow Land

Barren Land

River

Water Bodies


68

Figure 3.6 Land Use and Land Cover Map

:


69

3.3.2 Topographical Features Topographical map of proposed site is of scale 1:50,000 obtained from Survey of India. The map is prepared with two topographical maps to cover the study area. The MLSCIL industry site is located close to National Highway – 9 (Solapur to Hyderabad). The area has good literacy rate and there is a lot of development taking place. Because of existing industries, the area is well developed. The settlement map (Figure 3.7) showing location of villages and other allied details is presented below – The area has good literacy rate and there is a lot of development taking place in this area. All the villages are well connected with the roads. The settlement map shows the location of villages along with the roads and industries in figure 3.8. The contours are digitized using the topographical maps with scale 1:50,000. The contours levels range from 420 M to 540 M in the 10 Km buffer zone. The contour map (Figure 3.8) has been developed with the contour interval of 20 M. In order to know the height information, the contour liners are indicated with different colors. The source of the contour is from Survey of India, topographical map. The contour values are with reference to mean Sea level. The proposed distillery site is located at height of around 440 M from mean sea level.


70

Figure 3.7 Topographical Map


71

Figure 3.8 Settlement Map


72

Figure 3.9 Contour Map


73

3.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS 3.4.1 Introduction Agriculture is the main occupation pattern in study area. Hence, it is essential to determine agriculture potential of soil from the area and identify impacts of urbanization and industrialization in the area. Study has been conducted to determine the agricultural and afforestation potential of the soil. The assignment w.r.t. study of soils and their conservation was done by Dr. J. B. Ghugare; who is the Functional Area Expert for SC. 3.4.2 Methodology 3.4.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation For studying soil profile of the region, four locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical and chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of the soil were analyzed. The soil samples were collected once during October 2016 to December 2016. Soil samples were collected by ramming core-cutter in the soil up to a depth of 60 cm (by taking samples at different spots in the same area and then by mixing it homogeneously and considering it as one sample). 3.4.2.2 Sources of Information In addition to field surveys, other sources of information were offices of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS and LUP) as well as District Census Data from Census of India, 2011. 3.4.3 Soil Types The chief soil found in the study region is black and mixed murum. There is a distinct difference between the quality of the soil on the high land and that of in the hollows. The former is light and stony and in places uncultivable waste; but elsewhere it produces quite a good crop of jowar. In the hollows, the soil is richer and deeper and produces heavy crops when there is sufficient manure. 3.4.4 Soil Sampling Soil samples were collected at selected locations in the study area to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the proposed plant site. This will establish the baseline characteristics and will facilitate identification of the incremental concentrations from the proposed plant at a later stage. The baseline characteristics analyzed include the impact on soil due to the existing industries in the study area. Thus, the sampling locations were decided based on criteria listed below: To determine baseline soil characteristics of the study area; To determine the impact on soil characteristics due to the activities of the existing

industries located in the study area; To determine the impact on agricultural productivity of soil due to the proposed project

activity.


74

Figure 3.10 Soil Map


75

All the requisite moitoring assignments, sampling and analysis was conducted through the laboratory of M/s. Horizon Services, Pune which is NABL accreditated and MoEFCC; New Delhi approved lab. Overall, four soil sampling points were selected. The locations are listed in Table 3.3

Table 3.3 Soil Sampling Locations

Station Code

Name of the Sampling Point Co-ordinates Distance (Km) Direction

S1 Near Proposed ETP

Lat: 17022’37.44’’ N Long: 76020’21.31’’ E

0.05 Km from ETP S

S2 Near Proposed Distillery

Lat: 17022’50.79’’ N Long: 76020’47.37’’ E

0.21 Km from proposed Distillery

NNE

S3 Ruddhewadi

Lat: 17022’56.93’’ N Long: 76019’42.10’’ E

1.32 Km from project site

NW

S4 Dudhani

Lat: 17021’31.22’’ N Long: 76021’43.64’’ E

3.24 Km from project site

SW

Table 3.4 Soil Characteristics

Sr. No. Parameter Unit

Location ETP (S1)

Near Proposed Area (S2)

Ruddhewadi (S3)

Dudhani (S4)

1. Colour -- Blackish Blackish Blackish Blackish 2. Soil Texture -- Clay Silt Silt Loam Silt Loam 3. Porosity % 57.15 40.24 37.31 38.11 4. Bulk Density gm/cc 1.13 1.32 1.36 1.40 5. Water Holding

Capacity % 80.56 65.30 61.40 63.66

6. Cation Exchange Capacity

meq/ 100gm

1.84 2.45 3.13 3.56

7. Exchangeable Potassium

meq/ 100gm

0.29 0.51 0.64 0.71

8. = Exchangeable Sodium

meq/ 100gm

0.15 0.19 0.29 0.32

9. SAR -- 0.17993 0.20312 0.27777 0.28451 10. Organic matter % 1.14 1.22 2.67 4.61 11. Organic Carbon % 0.66 0.71 1.55 2.68 12. pH -- 7.75 7.29 7.65 7.55 13. Electrical

Conductivity uS/cm 285.00 351.00 430.00 485.00

14. Calcium as Ca mg/100 gm 15.28 21.34 28.08 32.07 15. Magnesium as Mg mg/100 gm 7.51 8.22 9.41 11.19 16. Sodium as Na mg/100 gm 3.40 4.44 6.78 7.56 17. Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 112.90 142.11 375.10 380.40 18. Phosphates as PO4 Kg/ha 4.8 5.9 6.8 7.7 19. Phosphorus as P Kg/ha 590.00 135.11 161.08 188.33 20. Potassium as K Kg/ha 272.9 100.55 131.98 130.14 21. Manganese as Mn µg/gm 515.15 629.18 724.74 825.23


76

Sr. No. Parameter Unit

Location ETP (S1)

Near Proposed Area (S2)

Ruddhewadi (S3)

Dudhani (S4)

22. Iron as Fe mg/gm 1.25 2.84 3.64 2.90 23. Zinc as Zn µg/gm 370.90 441.55 615.30 639.14 24. Copper as Cu mg/gm 0.52 0.89 1.36 1.84 25. Boron as B mg/gm 0.28 0.86 1.48 1.88 26. Chlorides a Cl mg/Kg 122.10 155.29 190.30 188.40 27. Sulphate as SO4 mg/Kg 4.14 6.78 7.22 8.99 28. Aluminum as Al µg/gm BDL BDL BDL BDL 29. Total Iron µg/gm 1830.90 1963.77 2348.88 3153.60 30. Total Chromium µg/gm BDL BDL BDL BDL 31. Lead as Pb µg/gm BDL BDL BDL BDL 32. Cadmium as Cd µg/gm BDL BDL BDL BDL 33. Nickle as Ni µg/gm 180.86 289.37 318.34 355.45

3.4.4.1 General Observations: Soil is observed to be neutral in nature, mostly black soils. This indicates presence of clay material. pH index shows neutral nature of the soil. Soils from this study area have high EC values. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is in the range of 0.17 to 0.28. The cation exchange capacity is in between 1.84 to 3.56 meq/100 gm. As soils in the region are predominantly clayey loams, the irrigation efficiency is low. As NPK values are inadequate at most of the places, good crops cannot be grown without use of fertilizers. Overall, soil is of good quality.

Table 3.5 Standard Soil Classification

No. Soil Tests Classification 1. pH <4.50 extremely acidic

4.50-5.50 very strongly acidic 5.00-5.50 strongly acidic 5.50-6.00 moderately acidic 6.00-6.50 slightly acidic

6.5-7.3 neutral * 7.3-7.8 slightly alkaline * 7.6-8.5 moderately alkaline* 8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.0 very strongly alkaline (* tolerable to crops)

2. Salinity Electrical conductivity (mhos/cm) (1 mhos/cm = 640 ppm)

upto 1.00 average 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops sensitive to salts

--

3. Organic Carbon upto 0.2 very less 0.21-0.4 less 0.41-0.5 medium

0.61-0.8 on an average sufficient 0.81-1.0 sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient

4. Nitrogen (Kg/ha)

upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good

151-300 better above 300 sufficient

5. Phosphorus (Kg/ha)

upto 15 very less 16-30 less

51-65 on an average sufficient


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No. Soil Tests Classification 31-50 medium 65-80 sufficient

above 80 more than sufficient 6. Potash (Kg/ha) 0 very less

120-180 less 181-240 medium

240-300 average 301-360 better above 360 more than sufficient

3.5 DRAINAGE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY 3.5.1 Drainage Topography of the region governs the drainage pattern of that area. If the area has well developed drainage pattern then the other resources are also well benefited through this. Geomorphologically the area exhibits rolling country. No prominent hills or other geomorphological features are visible in the area. As far as the drainage pattern of the study region is concerned, it has Dendritic drainage pattern with one Perennial River named Bori River, which flows in meanders from North West to South direction along with its large & tiny tributaries. The assignment w.r.t. geology and hydro-geological studies was conducted by Dr. J. B. Pishte; the empanelled Functional Area Expert of EEIPL for HG & GEO. The drainage map of the study area was prepared using the latest satellite image and the topographical map. The drainage pattern of study area shows that there is a reservoir in the south side on the Harni river. Two rivers - namely Harni river and Bori River - flow from the study area.


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Figure 3.11 Drainage Map


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3.5.2 Geomorphology The area around the project site rests on Southern slopes of the plateau. It has maximum elevation of about 470 m ASL along the northern periphery and lowest elevation of less than 430 m ASL is seen on south and East peripheral regions. The project site is located at around 450 m elevation on a gentle high-ground that slopes southerly from the plateau. Refer Figure 3.13 for Geomorphologic map. 3.6 GEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY 3.6.1 Stratigraphic Succession of Deccan Basalt Group of the Western Ghats

(After Beane et al.1986, Bodas et al. 1988, Cox and Hawkesworth, 1985, Subbarao and Hooper, 1988 and Khadri et al. 1988 in Geology of Maharashtra, editor Dr. G. G. Deshapande, 1998, by Geological Society of India, Bangalore – Modified to suite this report). The Deccan Trap Group is divided into three Sub-groups viz. Kalasubai, Lonawala and Wai. The Wai Sub-group is the youngest among these. It is exposed in the south with progressively younger flows from Nasik to Belgaum. As shown in Figure 3.12, the Wai Sub-group is divided into five Formations. The area under study forms a part of the Mahabaleshwar Formation of Wai Sub-group.

Table 3.6 Stratigraphic Succession of Deccan Basalt Group

Deccan Basalt Group Sub Group Formation

Wai

Desur Panhala

Mahabaleshwar Ambenali Poladpur

Lonavala

Kalasubai

Pre-Deccan Kaladagi Group

Extension of Deccan Trap Province Geologically the area falls roughly in the middle part of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) of Peninsular India. The DVP is dominated by basaltic lava flows of Deccan Traps. The Deccan Traps is the second most extensive geological formation in Peninsular India, next only to the Archaean igneous and metamorphic complex. It occupies large area covering parts of the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.


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Figure 3.12 Geomorphological Map


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Figure 3.13 Extension of Deccan Trap Lava Flows

Regional geological map of the southernmost exposures of the DVP with other stratigraphic units (adapted from GSI, 1987; Kale et al, 1999). The stratigraphic units depicted are (1) Quaternary sediments and Laterites; (2) Deccan Traps; (3) Badami Group; (4) Simikeri Subgroup; (5) Lokapur Subgroup; (6) Closepet Granite and equivalents; (7) Hungund Schist Belt; (8) Shimoga Schist Belt; (9) Early Archean Granitoids and (10) Undifferentiated Peninsular Gneissic Complex). The lava flows of Deccan Traps are laterally continuous for considerable distances. It is possible to trace them laterally in exposures and sections on hill slopes and streams, and dug-wells on the basis of their physical properties. Two different types of lava flows have been recognized in Deccan Traps. They are the ‘Pahoehoe’ type and the ‘Aa’ or ‘Block’ type. Usually the flows which are made up of sub-flows or lobes, are called ‘compound’ flows. The other type, the ‘simple’ flows are without sub-flows or lobes. In Figure 3.14 shows an extent of dominantly simple and compound lava flows. The simple flows equate to classic flood basalts formed by quite effusive eruption of very large quantities of low viscosity lava from open fissures. The compound flows are either the product of


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explosive activity from more viscous lavas or can be formed at the distal portion of simple flows where there is an increased viscosity from cooling and degassing. Both types of basalt flows tend to weather variably even across small outcrops. The compound flow basalts result from lavas, which lose much of their volatile gases prior to extrusion and hence are more viscous. This greater viscosity causes the remaining volatile gases to be trapped within the rapidly solidifying lava. The lava is characterized by rubbly upper and lower surfaces.

Figure 3.14 Lithological Section in Dug well at Ruddhewadi

Almost everywhere in the district, black cotton soil ranging in thickness from 0.3 meter to 2.5 meters is found to cover the top of the different flows. This black cotton soil is the ultimate product of weathering of Deccan Trap. Calcareous kankar nodules are commonly associated with these soils. The thickness of the soil cap along the river sections increases to as much as 3 to 4 meters. Figure 3.15 reflects a single compound flow. In the area under study simple type of flow consisting mainly of compact basalt is found exposed in all outcrops and sections (as shown in fig 4) at the locations visited during fieldwork. These rocks are Blackish to Grayish in color. Comparatively, these varieties of Compact basalt are hard, massive than the Vesicular basalt. Compact basalt is less fractured, and thick. They are hard to break when fresh, but become fragile on exposure to atmosphere. The spacing of fractures in some parts of the flow is close while that in other parts is wider. Some parts of the flow show vesicles and are filled with secondary minerals belonging mostly to Zeolite Group. This form of cavity filling


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minerals is called ‘amygdaloidal’. These varieties of basalt do not show distinct joints but have irregular fractures.

Figure 3.15 Lithological Section at Ruddhewadi

Figure 3.15 reflects the characteristics of two different lava flows differentiated by a chilled margin called Red bole. Figure 3.16 shows the upper weathered compact basalt having less vertical fractures which are cooling joints and are restricted to single flow unit. The vesicular basalt at bottom which is highly weathered having secondary cavity filling by zeolites minerals. Red bole differentiate the two different flows from one another. In insight view it clearly shows the characteristics of pahoe hoe flow. It shows an impression of ‘inverted y’ shaped pipe amygdales.


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Figure 3.16 Geomorphological Map


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3.6.2 Hydrogeology

Hydrogeology is the study of occurrence, movements and storage of water in the rocks below the earth surface. Such water is called ‘Groundwater’. The rocks which allow movement and storage of water are called ‘aquifers’. The weathered part of rocks immediately below the surface forms a good aquifer. It is called ‘unconfined’ aquifer and is generally tapped by dug wells. The upper surface of confined aquifer is known as ‘water table’ and it apparent as the standing water level in dug wells. The aquifers occurring at some depth below the surface that are tapped by bore wells can be ‘confined’ or ‘semi-confined’ aquifers. As the groundwater moves through and stored in rocks, geology of the area plays very important role in understanding groundwater resources of an area.

3.6.2.1 Ground Water Conditions in the Project Area

The geologic zones important to groundwater must be identified as well as their structure in terms of water-holding and water-yielding capabilities. Hydrologic conditions furnish water to the underground zone; the subsurface data govern its distribution and movement. The unconfined aquifer in basaltic terrain around the project site is restricted to weathered zone adjacent to the earth surface underlain by fractured zone in the bedrock. Hydrology Project takes care of surface water quality through sampling points spread over the state throughout the year; CGWB monitors dug wells in the command area of major and medium irrigation projects. GSDA also monitors the dug wells as well as ground water levels of the state intermittently.

Table 3.7 Well Inventory Data for the Area around MLSCIL

Village / Well

location Latitude Longitude

R L of Ground

Level in m from MSL

Pre-monsoon DTW(mbgl)

R.L. of Pre-monsoon

Water Level mmsl

Location 1 17°23'19.64"N 76°20'25.98"E 449.3 4 445.3 Location 2 17°23'24.11"N 76°21'20.88"E 440.5 7.5 433 Location 3 17°23'27.71"N 76°21'8.86"E 443.2 7.8 435.4

Location 4 17°23'23.42"N 76°21'9.50"E 441.4 7.9 433.5 Location 5 17°22'37.78"N 76°20'9.64"E 438.9 7 431.9

Location 6 17°22'36.41"N 76°20'16.98"E 439.3 1.5 437.8 Location 7 17°22'58.48"N 76°19'48.40"E 435.6 3 432.6

Location 8 7°23'24.17"N 76°19'37.67"E 419.7 4.3 415.4

Location 9 7°23'38.91"N 76°19'31.09"E 429.2 4.5 424.7

Location 10 7°23'37.44"N 76°19'38.33"E 426.3 4.8 421.5


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Dug/Bore wells are more common and popular in the study area. Most of the wells are shallow type and water table is at about 7 M deep. The deep dug wells are up to a depth of 15 M.

Figure 3.17 Water Table Contour Map around Project Site


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3.7 WATER QUALITY 3.7.1 Introduction Selected water quality parameters, for surface and ground water resources, within the study area have been considered for assessing water environment and evaluating impact due to the project. Understanding the water quality is important in the preparation of environmental impact assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The assignment w.r.t. Water Quality is done by Dr. Sangram Ghugare. 3.7.2 Methodology 3.7.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation Reconnaissance was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on (1) topomaps and drainage map to identify major water bodies, and (2) likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions. Sampling and analysis of water samples for physical, chemical and heavy metals were undertaken through M/s. Horizon Services, Pune which is NABL accreditated & MoEFCC; New Delhi approved organization. Further, same has received certification of OHSAS 18001:2007 from DNV.

Table 3.8 Monitoring Locations for Ground Water

Station Code

Name of the Station

(Open Wells) Co-ordinates Direction

from Site Distance from site Justification

GW1 Near Site (Near proposed

ETP)

17°22'39.89"N 76°20'32.87"E

SE 0.02 Km Near proposed ETP of Distillery

GW2 Near Site

17°22'46.76"N 76°20'49.79"E

E 0.29 Km Higher elevation compared to project site

GW3 Ruddhewadi 17°22'34.59"N 76°20'01.31"E

SW 0.52 Km Lower elevation compared to project site

GW4 Ruddhewadi (Near Bori

River)

17°23'03.98"N 76°19'27.97"E

WNW 1.76 Km Well near to the Sangolgi Bandhara

Table 3.9 Monitoring Locations for Surface Water

No. Location Coordinates Direction from site

Distance from Site Justification

1. Sangogi Basavan 17°24'05.57"N 76°19'00.13"E

NW 3.50 Km Upstream

2. Andewadi 17°22'12.51"N 76°19'00.62"E

SW 2.70 Km Downstream

3. Jevargi B. 17°19'38.55"N 76°18'44.01"E

SW 6.54 Km Downstream


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3.7.3 Sampling Procedure for Primary Data Generation Ground water sources, covered in an area of 10 Km radius from the proposed site were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metal and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on ground water. The samples were collected and analyzed as per procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA). Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Moreover, samples were collected in sterilized glass bottles for bacteriological potability test. Parameters analyzed at the site were pH, temperature, odour, turbidity and dissolved oxygen using portable water analysis kits. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the core area. 3.7.4 Presentation of Results for Survey from October 2016 to December 2016 Analysis results for ground water are given in following table-

3.7.4.1 Ground water The sampling of ground water was done in the month of October 2016. The analysis results for the ground water samples are given the table below-

Table 3.10 Ground Water

No. Parameter Unit Location Limits IS

10500:2012 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4

1. Color -- Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless -- 2. Odour -- Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Agreeable 3. pH -- 7.40 7.24 7.76 7.45 6.5-8.5 4. Conductivity mS/cm 0.58 0.55 0.57 1.44 Not

Specified 5. Chemical

Oxygen Demand (COD)

mg/lit 13.90 11.30 12.60 12.65 Not Specified

6. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)


7. TDS mg/lit 637.4 702.5 651.4 740.465 <500.00 8. Chlorides as Cl- mg/lit 101.33 107.20 120.35 125.00 <250.00 9. Sulphates as

SO4 mg/lit 29.88 36.10 46.30 47.30 <200.00

10. Ortho Phosphate as PO4

mg/lit 0.09

0.08 0.09 BDL Not Specified

11. Boron as B mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.50 12. Sodium as Na mg/lit 50.10 63.10 36.00 99.00 Not

Specified 13. Potassium as K mg/lit 2.10 1.88 2.00 2.00 Not


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No. Parameter Unit Location Limits IS

10500:2012 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4

Specified 14. Carbonates

(CO32-)

mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL Not Specified

15. Bicarbonates (HCO3)


16. Calcium as Ca mg/lit 141.00 148.40 134.20 137.90 <75.00 17. Magnesium as

Mg mg/lit 35.40 31.30 38.10 41.80 <30.00

18. Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/lit 497.00 499.00 492.00 516.00 <200.00

19. Fluorides as F mg/lit 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.05 <0.10 20. Nitrates as NO3 mg/lit 17.10 16.69 14.70 22.80 <45.00 21. Nitrites as NO2 mg/lit 0.11 0.09 0.02 0.015 Not

Specified 22. Iron as Fe mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.30 23. Copper as Cu mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.05 24. Hexa-

Chromium (Cr6+ )

mg/lit 0.019 0.015 0.021 0.026 <0.05

25. Nickel as Ni mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.02 26. Lead as Pb mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01 27. Mercury as Hg mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.001 28. Cadmium as Cd mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.003 29. Arsenic as As mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01 30. Zinc as Zn mg/lit 0.21 0.20 0.98 1.13 <5.00 31. Total Coliforms MPN/

100 ml 9.00 14.00 11.00 13.00 Zero/

100 ml 32. Fecal Coliforms MPN/

100 ml Positive Positive Positive Positive Zero/

100 ml 3.7.4.2 Surface Water During site visit to the study area, the surface water samples selected for monitoring were from Bori river i.e. upstream (NW from site) and downstream (SW from site). The locations were dry indicating drought conditions in the study area. During monsoon season i.e. June 2016 to September 2016 there was no sufficient rainfall in the region. Therefore, surface water samples were not available. As a result, no surface water results for monitoring period are presented in the draft EIA report. Refer Appendix-G for photographs of dried water bodies in the study area. However, to assess the quality of surface water for predicting impacts, water samples shall be collected post monsoon and the same shall be incorporated in the Final EIA report.


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3.7.4.3 General Observations Ground water sources covered within 10 Km radial distance from Site were examined for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on ground water. The analysis was done as per the procedure laid down in the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (APHA). The salient observations are as indicated below- Groundwater The ranges described here cover all the sampling locations in the study area. At all sites groundwater was colourless with agreeable odour. Groundwater at these sites is found to be slightly alkaline with pH values in the range of 7.24 to 7.76. No limits are specified for parameters namely conductivity, COD and BOD. These parameters ranged between 0.55 mS/cm to 1.44 mS/cm for conductivity, 11.30 mg/lit to 12.65 mg/lit for COD and 4.40 mg/lit to 5.20 mg/lit for BOD respectively. Total dissolved solids, exceptionally, showed higher values above the permissible limits of 500 mg/lit. Chlorides were found to be within limits ranging from 101.33 mg/lit to 125 mg/lit. GW4 site recorded higher sulphates i.e. 47.30 mg/lit recorded higher sulphates which are well below the prescribed limit. Phosphates were recorded at only three sites and were found to be negligible. No Boron in GW was reported in selected ground water samples. No limits have been specified for Sodium; however, GW4 recorded higher Sodium value of 99 mg/lit as compared to other sites. Potassium concentration varied from 1.88 mg/lit to 2.10 mg/lit. Carbonates were below detectable limits at all ground water locations. GW2 site recorded highest bicarbonate value of 278.30 mg/lit, followed by GW4 – 264.60 mg/it, GW1 – 260.22 mg/lit and GW3 – 254.60 mg/lit. At all sites Calcium, Magnesium and Hardness were found to be above prescribed limits of 75 mg/lit, 30 mg/lit and 200 mg/lit respectively. Fluorides and Nitrates were found to be within the permissible limits. Nitrites ranged from 0.02 mg/lit to 0.11 mg/lit. Out of nine heavy metals Chromium was recorded at selected sites which were below permissible limit. Concentration of other heavy metals, except Chromium, was found to be below the permissible limits. Bacteriological analysis revealed presence of faecal Coliform in water at all sites. Thus, the above study reveals that groundwater at selected sites in the study area is not potable with respect to Hardness, Calcium and Magnesium as well as Coliform Concentration. Higher dissolved solids and hardness is attributed to presence of high concentration of Calcium, Magnesium and bicarbonates which are contributed due to action of CO2 on insoluble carbonates (Sawyer et al., 2003).

3.7.4.4 Ground Water Development and Management Strategy Maximum development of groundwater resources for beneficial use involves planning in terms of an entire groundwater basin. Recognizing that a basin is a large natural underground reservoir. Ground Water potential has been assessed as per data collected from the State Ground Water Department, Irrigation Department and Central Ground Water Board. In general, Granites and Dharwar schists that are known to be hard rocks, which have least porosity, mainly underlie the entire region. However, ground water allows to move and is found in pockets of the area in the zones of weathered, jointed and fractured rocks. The dug wells in the area generally tap water in the weathered zone and very few extend downwards in the tapping joints and fractured zones. The thickness of the weathered zone


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varies between the domestic wells and that of irrigation wells. Dug wells, generally located in valley areas and in the canal command areas, yield better ground water. Bore wells in the area are around approx. 250 Nos. and are normally up to a depth of 65-70 M. The yield of these wells as well as the pumping period varies from 5 to 6 hours/day. Most of the dug wells, dug-cum-bore and shallow bore wells up to 35 M tap the shallow aquifers. The bore wells deeper than 30 M tap the water from fractures occurring in between 30 to 100 M depth which tap medium to deep aquifers. Data pertaining to lakes and ponds from irrigation department was not available and factors like seepage and ground water recharge due to these have not been considered at this stage. 3.8 METEOROLOGY 3.8.1 Introduction Micro-meteorological data within the study area during the air quality survey period is an indispensable part of air pollution studies. The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input to the predictive models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological status of the region. Site specific data can be compared with the historical data in order to identify changes, which may have taken place due to the rapid industrialization in the area. The micro-meteorological parameters regulate the transport and diffusion of pollutants released into the atmosphere. The principal variables, which affect the micrometeorology, are horizontal connective transport (average wind speed and direction), vertical connective transport (atmospheric stability and inversion conditions) and topography of the area. The climate of the study area and surrounding region is generally dry except in the southwest monsoon season. Winter season : December to February Pre-monsoon season : March to May Monsoon season : June to September Post monsoon season : October and November Temperature: The climate of the district is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness throughout the year except during the south-west monsoon period, i.e. June to September. The mean minimum and maximum temperatures observed are 17°C and 40°C respectively. Rainfall: The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from 400 mm to about 650 mm. Maximum rainfall observed 560 mm whereas minimum rainfall observed is 450 mm. 3.8.2 Methodology The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the Indian Meteorology Department


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(IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the data, which is then compared with the meteorological data generated by IMD from the nearest station Solapur. 3.8.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation Meteorological data has been generated at the site. The meteorological parameters were monitored for one season i.e. from October 2016 - December 2016. Details of parameters monitored, equipments used and the frequency of monitoring are given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.11 Meteorological Parameters

Sr. No. Parameters Instrument Frequency

1. Wind Speed Counter Cup Anemometer every hour 2. Wind Direction Wind Vane every hour 3. Temperature Min./Max. Thermometer Once in a day 4. Relative Humidity Dry/Wet bulb Thermometer Twice a day

3.8.2.2 Sources of Information Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Solapur. Wind roses, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall intensity have been compiled from IMD station, Solapur. Similarly, data on cloud cover is compiled from climatological tables for the IMD Station of Solapur. 3.8.2.3 Wind Pattern at Project Wind Speed and direction are recorded at site every hour. The windrose are presented at Chapter - 4. The predominant wind during the study season is from East (E) direction. 3.9 AIR QUALITY

3.9.1 Introduction The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 Km radius around proposed site forms the baseline information. The study area represents mostly rural environment. The various sources of air pollution in the study area are vehicular traffic and domestic firewood burning. The impact of these emissions is reflected in the results of ambient air quality. The major air pollutants released into atmosphere from the different sources are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and to small extent CO. However, this again varies with type of the source. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, includes the methodology of sampling and analytical techniques with frequency of sampling. Presentation of results for the October 2016 to December 2016 survey is followed by observations. All the requisite monitoring assignments, sampling and analysis was conducted through the laboratory of M/s. Horizon Services, Pune which is NABL accredited and MoEFCC; New Delhi approved organization. Further, same has received certifications namely ISO 9001 – 2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001: 2007 from DNV. Study w.r.t. air quality was done by Mr. J. M. Gadgil and Mr. Yuvraj Damugade who are FAEs of EEIPL for AQ.


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3.9.2 Methodology 3.9.2.1 Selection of Sampling Locations The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through an ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network, in the air quality surveillance program, is based on considerations namely – (1) Meteorological conditions, (2) Topography of the study area, (3) Representativeness of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status, and (4) Representativeness of likely industrial impact areas. AAQM stations were set up at eight locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points, details of which are presented below. Monitoring of air quality was done here over a period of one season (October 2016 to December 2016)

Table 3.12 AAQM Locations Details

Station Code Location Direction

from site Distance from

site Justification

A1 Industrial Site -- -- -- A2 Nimbal E 5.11 Km Upwind from project site A3 Sangogi B. NW 3.31 Km

On Downwind side of project site

A4 Chincholi (M) SW 3.42 Km A5 Boblad SW 4.87 Km A6 Dudhani ESE 3.75 Km A7 Mugali NE 2.46 Km Cross wind from project site A8 Ruddhewadi W 1.56 Km Nearest habitation

3.9.2.2 Frequency & Parameters for Sampling The frequency adopted for sampling is two days per week, 24 hourly for all eight ambient air quality stations. The baseline data w.r.t. air environment, for all the eight monitoring stations, was generated. Details of same are presented in following table.

Table 3.13 AAQ Parameters and Monitoring Frequency

Sr. No. Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Analysis Methods

1. PM10 Continuous, 24 Hourly, twice a week

Gravimetric Method (IS:5182, Part IV)

2. PM2.5 Continuous, 24 Hourly, twice a week

Gravimetric Method (IS:5182, Part IV)

3. SO2 8 Hourly, three samples/day, twice a week

Modified West and Gaeke Method (IS:5182, Part II; Sodium Tetrachloromercurate).

4. NOx 8 Hourly, three samples/day, twice a week

Jacobs and Hochheiser Method (IS: 5182, Part VI)

5. CO Once in a day, once a week NDIR Method (IS: 5182, Part X)


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3.9.3 Presentation of Results

The summary of results for analysis of AAQ is presented in Table 3.13 which is based on observations recorded during one monitoring season (October 2016 to December 2016). Therein also various statistical parameters like Arithmetic Mean (AM), 98 Percentile, Maximum and Minimum values have been presented subsequent to computation from the data collected. Moreover, the permissible AAQ limits are presented in Table 3.14.

Table 3.14 Summary of the AAQ Levels for Monitoring Season [October 2016 to December 2016]

Parameter Location

Site Nimbal Sangogi B.

Chincholi M.

Boblad Dudhani Mugali Ruddhewadi

PM10

g/m3 Max. 60.10 63.96 44.23 58.41 63.99 64.97 49.39 44.49 Min. 54.13 58.98 37.25 51.31 52.19 55.68 44.39 36.18 Avg. 57.12 61.47 40.74 54.86 55.09 58.33 46.89 40.34 98% 60.02 63.82 44.15 56.31 56.86 59.45 49.25 44.32

PM2.5

g/m3 Max. 17.37 20.37 13.90 18.83 16.38 16.54 12.91 18.12 Min. 14.30 15.74 10.41 16.28 13.11 13.99 11.28 14.04 Avg. 15.83 16.56 12.16 17.56 14.75 15.27 12.10 13.08 98% 17.32 17.29 13.79 18.76 16.33 16.92 12.88 14.08

SO2

g/m3 Max. 14.80 19.29 13.65 14.48 18.69 24.30 15.69 22.08 Min. 11.20 15.25 11.20 11.60 11.15 16.81 12.26 19.22 Avg. 13.00 17.27 12.43 13.04 16.92 20.55 13.98 20.65 98% 14.75 19.09 13.53 14.34 17.56 23.78 15.55 21.86

NOx g/m3

Max. 29.50 31.41 19.05 25.26 23.52 25.14 19.64 26.21 Min. 21.88 22.88 15.53 15.49 21.39 17.51 15.25 21.23 Avg. 25.69 27.79 17.29 20.38 24.46 19.33 17.44 23.72 98% 29.31 28.26 18.97 22.11 26.37 21.54 19.54 26.13

CO mg/m3

Max. BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Min. BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Avg. BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 98% BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Note: PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are computed based on 24 hourly values. CO is computed based on 8 hourly values.

Table 3.15 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Specified by CPCB

Notification (New Delhi, 18th November, 2009)

Zone Station Industrial and mixed use zone Residential and rural zone

PM10 g/M3 24 Hr 100 100 A.A. 60 60

PM2.5 g/M3 24 Hr 60 60 A.A. 40 40

SO2 g/M3 24 Hr 80 80 A.A. 50 20

NOx g/M3 24 Hr 80 80 A.A. 40 40

CO mg/M3 24 Hr 4 4 A.A. 2 2

Note: A.A. represents “Annual Average


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3.9.4 Observations The results of air monitoring, at six locations, monitored over a period of three months have been given in Table 3.13. The maximum concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 observed on site are 60.10 g/m3 i.e. 60.1 % of NAAQ Standards (100 g/m3) and 17.37 g/m3 i.e. 29% of NAAQ Standards (60 g/m3). Moreover, the maximum concentration of SO2 and NOx are 14.80 g/m3 i.e. 18.5 % of NAAQ Standards and 29.50 g/m3 i.e. 37% of NAAQ Standards. These concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are well within the limits. After, the establishment of 45 KLPD distillery, there will be negligible increase in the concentrations observed. The above concentrations are well within the limits of NAAQ Standards. The results of the monitoring parameters observed in the study area have been discussed here under. Particulate Matter (PM10) PM10 values at all the six locations are attributed to windblown dust. The average values at stations viz. Site, Nimbal, Sangogi B., Chincholi M., Boblad, Dudhani, Mugali and Ruddhewadi are observed between 40.34 g/m3 to 61.47 g/m3 which are below the permissible value of 100 g/m3 designated for residential zones. Particulate Matter (PM2. 5) All the observed values are within the permissible limits for residential and rural conditions i.e. 60 g/M3. The average of PM2.5 values range between 12.10 g/m3 and 17.56 g/m3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) All the observations are well below the permissible limits of 80 g/M3. Considering the meteorology of the site, average SO2 concentrations ranges between 12.43 g/M3 to 20.65 g/M3. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) All the observed values are within the permissible limits for residential and rural conditions (i.e. 80 g/M3). The average values ranges between 17.29 g/M3 to 27.79 g/M3. Carbon Monoxide (CO) The values observed for Carbon Monoxide are below detectable level.


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3.10 NOISE LEVEL SURVEY 3.10.1 Introduction The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is that sound which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 HZ to 20,000 HZ. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on: Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It

can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as the one, which is of continuously varying loudness.

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The Environmental Impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss to Annoyance depending on loudness of noise levels. The environmental impact assessment of noise from the industrial activity, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses. The study area of 10 Km radius with reference to the proposed plant site has been covered for noise environment. The four zones viz. Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Silent Zones have been considered for noise monitoring. Some of the major arterial roads were covered to assess the noise due to traffic. Noise monitoring was undertaken for 24 hours at each location. The main objective of noise pollution impact assessment in the study area is to assess the impact of total noise generated by industries and vehicular traffic on the human settlements within 10 Km radius. The main objectives of the studies conducted are: Assessment of background noise levels Identification and monitoring the major noise sources of the existing activity Impact of noise on the workers as well as on general population. The assignment w.r.t. Noise level survey was done by Mr. Vinaykumar Kurakula, FAE of EEIPL for NV. 3.10.2 Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise generating sources have been identified with respect to the activities viz. industrial noise and ambient noise due to industries and traffic, which have impact on sensitive areas. The noise sampling locations have been indicated below.


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3.10.2.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations The noise survey involved determination of noise levels, in decibels, at following 5 locations in the study area. Noise levels were recorded at every clock hour for a continuous 24-hour period.

Table 3.16 Noise Sampling Locations

Station Code

Name of Station Direction w.r.t. Plant Site Distance w.r.t. Plant Site

N1 Site -- -- N2 Nimbal E 5.11 N3 Sangogi B. NW 3.31 N4 Chincholi M. SW 3.42 N5 Andewadi SSW 2.57 N6 Dudhani ESE 3.75 N7 Mugali NE 2.46 N8 Ruddhewadi W 1.56

Parameters Measured During Monitoring A noise rating developed by EPA for specification of community noise from all the sources is the day-night sound level, (Ldn). It is similar to a 24-hour equivalent sound level except that during the night-time period, which extends from 10 PM to 6 AM, a 10 dB (A) weighing penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing 24 hour average. This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night, when people usually sleep, is judged more annoying than the same noise during the daytime. For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the certain noise levels exceeding during the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels is described below: L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 percent of the time, and L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time Lday is equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 AM to 10 PM). Lnight is equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 PM to 6 AM). Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq): The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level that is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation: (L10-L90)2

Leq=L50+ ------------- 60


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Ldn: The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is all Day-Nights Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except during night time period (10 PM to 6 AM) a 10 dB (A) weighing penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average. The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the equation. Ldn=10 log {1/24[15(10 Ld/10) +9 (10(Ln+10)/10)]} Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the daytime (6 AM to 10 PM) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 PM to 6 AM). 3.10.2.2 Method of Monitoring A detailed noise level survey was undertaken to study the levels of noise, as the high noise levels may cause adverse effect on human beings and the associated environment. The noise level monitoring was carried out through M/s. Horizon Services, Pune which is NABL accredited and MoEFCC; New Delhi approved organization. Further, same has received certifications namely ISO 9001 – 2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001: 2007 from DNV. 3.10.2.3 Standards for Noise Levels Ambient Noise Levels Standards MoEFCC has notified ambient air quality standards in respect of noise vide Gazette notification Dated 14th February 2000. It is based on the ‘A’ weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). The standards are given in following table

Table 3.17 Ambient Noise Level Standards

Area code Category Limits in dB(a) Leq

Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40

Ref: Gazette of India 14th Feb 2000. Standards for Occupational Noise (U.S.A): Industrialized countries have specified limits for occupational noise exposure. The permissible noise exposure limit for industrial workers is primarily concerned with the harmful aspect of noise and its objective is to protect the hearing of majority of working people. The American Conference Government of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), USA has prescribed the following permissible noise exposure limits for industrial workers. These limits are given in Table 3.17.

Table 3.18 Standards for Occupational Exposure

Exposure Time in Hour/Day 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 Limit in dB(A) 090 093 096 099 102 105 108 111 114


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Exposure to continuous or intermittent noise louder than 115 dB (A) should not be permitted. Exposure to pulse or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB (A). OSHA Standards The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have also prescribed the following allowable limits to noise exposure for industrial workers. These are given in the following Table 3.19

Table 3.19 OSHA Standards for Occupational Exposure

Duration per Day (in hours) 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.25 Sound Level in dB(A) 085 087 090 082 085 087 100 105 110

3.10.3 Presentation of Results The ambient noise levels measured are presented in Table 3.20. The table indicates equivalent noise levels viz. L10, L50, L90, Lday, Lnight and Ldn at different places located within the study area. Similarly, these values viz. Leq, Lday, Lnight and Ldn are compared with the limits.

Table 3.20 Ambient Noise Levels

Sr. No.

Location Average Noise Level in dB(a) L10 L50 L90 Leq (day) Leq (night) Ldn

1. N1 55.48 57.80 58.42 73.6 42.4 71.6 2. N2 46.11 47.10 47.88 52.9 41.4 52.4 3. N3 46.37 48.35 48.92 53.5 43.4 53.5 4. N4 45.78 48.35 49.16 52.9 44.2 53.4 5. N5 42.92 47.80 49.31 53.4 44.3 53.8 6. N6 46.05 47.95 48.90 52.6 43.5 53.0 7. N7 46.62 48.90 49.66 53.2 44.9 53.9 8. N8 46.98 48.50 49.20 52.9 44.3 53.5

3.10.4 Observations of Noise

The above table shows that the sugar factory premises of MLSCIL recorded slightly higher values of day and night noise levels than other residential selected sites. This is attributed to industrial and transportation activities in the factory premises. The day and night noise levels at all sites, including industrial site were found to be within the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 prescribed limits. The mitigation measures so as to reduce the noise levels is elaborated in Chapter 4 of this report. There will not be any impact due to vibration, because there are no any operations which creates any vibration, however, care shall be taken during construction of proposed distillery project.


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3.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 3.11.1 Introduction Socio-economic status of any population is an indicator for development of the region. Any developmental project will have bearing on the living conditions and on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed industry will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall appraisal of socially relevant attributes. The data collection, for evaluation of impact of the proposed distillery on socio-economic aspects in the study area, has been done through primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available on study area. Survey of selected thirteen villages within 10 Km radius of the study area was carried out with the help of an interview schedule. The village within a close proximity of the project were given more weightage as hypothetically these villages should be more affected positively or negatively. Objective of this survey was to understand the current socio-economic status of selected villages and the perception of the local people about the existing sugar factory of MLSCIL. To know the awareness of the people regarding the proposed project and their dependency on the project was also one of the objectives. The following data was collected in the month of October, 2016 by Dr. A. J. Samant in-house FAE of EEIPL for SE and Mr. Neeraj D. Powar in-house FAA. 3.11.2 Methodology The survey of 19 villages, selected out of 28 villages within the 10 Km radius of MLSCIL, was carried out with the help of a structured close ended interview schedule, comprising of 36 questions in Marathi. The schedule was administered in the month of December, 2016. Simple random disproportionate sampling technique was used whereby approximately 5.24 % of the total numbers of households i.e. a total of 208 households representatives were interviewed during the study (Table 3.21). Table 3.21 Details of Households and Sample Size

Sr. No. Village Distance from

MLSCIL (Km) No. of Households Sample Size

1. Ruddhewadi 1.32 309 15 2. Andewadi (Jahangir ) 2.34 163 8 3. Mugali 2.70 323 16 4. Sangogi (b) 2.79 63 5 5. Chincholi (M) 3.51 116 6 6. Dudhani (Rural) 4.66 264 13 7. Binjger 4.96 221 11 8. Boblad 4.96 274 14 9. Talewad 5.48 273 14

10. Solase Lamantanda 5.57 192 10 11. Ibrahimpur 5.86 53 5 12. Nagore 6.57 89 5 13. Mahalaxminagar 7.11 473 24 14. Halhalli (M) 7.25 68 5 15. Boroti Kh. 7.37 107 5 16. Sinnur 7.57 337 17


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Sr. No. Village Distance from

MLSCIL (Km) No. of Households Sample Size

17. Jevargi (K) 6.13 100 5 18. Telloni 9.12 227 16 19. Nanderga 9.22 286 14

Total 3938 208 (Source of Data – Census 2011) 3.11.3 Results and Discussions The villages in the study area are well connected by all weather roads. The male: female ratio among the respondents was 66:34 respectively. The difference in the ratio is visible as female members are usually less responsive. The difference in the ratio is visible as female members are usually less responsive, and due to the rural social background they are less exposed to outsiders.

Figure 3.18 Age Distribution within Sample size

Within the sample size, about (34%) respondents were between the age-group 31 to 40 years, 21% between 41 to 50 years, 20% between 21 to 30 years, 15 % between 51 to 60 and remaining 10% above 60 years (Fig. 1). A majority of the respondents within the sample size were literate, only (12%) were illiterate. The literates had upto primary (24%), secondary (42%), higher secondary (19%), graduate (2%) and post graduate (1%) education. Within the surveyed area the respondents were involved in diverse livelihood activities such as agriculture, service, agriculture labour and business. Majority (65 %) of the respondents had agriculture as their main occupation. Around 27% of the respondents were involved in diverse services, among them 18% carried out household and allied work and only few (3%) carried out business. A majority (58 %) of the respondents from the study area had an annual income up to Rs. 25,000 to 1.50.000; remaining 42% had an annual income. above Rs. 1, 50,000. In most villages 90%, the population depended for drinking water on well and Bore well. Majority (88%) of the respondents there is no common shortage of water in the area as it is available sufficiently for whole year. The respondent stated that their need for water is also fulfilled by the source in their fields. Though a majority (88%) of the respondents revealed

20 % 21 to 30

34 %31 to 40

21 % 41 to 50

15 % 51 to 60

10 % Above

61


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that there was no change in water quality in their area, (12%) stated change in water quality which was attributed to the industrial waste water. When enquired about the negative environmental effects of existing factory of MLSCIL, there were mixed opinions from the respondents, 60% of them said they are not experiencing any negative effect. However, 40 % of the respondents stressed on the negative impact caused due to MLSCIL. 48% of the respondents expressed that the existing industry provided job opportunities in the form of unskilled work, daily wages and transport jobs. As the industry work throughout the year this employment is sustainable. Majority of the respondents (90%) were unaware of the proposed expansion project. When asked about their opinion on what change they think would take place due to expansion, mixed opinions were expressed. About 36% perceived that no change in existing conditions, 33 % felt that this will further increase the pollution and 31% were hopeful about increase in employment. 66% respondents mentioned that library existed and in some villages in the same library permission was given for the competitive exam students for their studies. In 75% villages there were hall or Mandapam near temple existed outside the temple which was also used for small gathering meeting and common cultural programmes. In 55% villages the primary health centre were working as per the norms, and in 90% PHC doctors were available. In 95 % villages schools had ground for sports. 99% of the respondents said that there was Self Help Groups (SHG) in their respective areas for socioeconomic upliftment of the locals. Although these SHG do not carry out any economical activities they use the money for enhancing their life style by purchasing vehicle, agriculture equipment, House equipment. 3.11.4 Observations

There were diverse expectations of the respondents from MLSCIL. A majority (60%) expected road construction, 45% demanded domestic waste water be treated and made available for their agriculture and 21% asked for solid waste treatment facilities. 30% respondents stressed on need for better health facility, and 11 % wanted good educational facilities. 3.11.5 Conclusion Most respondents from all villages were dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Major crops grown in the area included sugarcane, jowar, wheat, corn, cotton. Sanitary conditions in all the villages are poor and open defecation was common in all villages. This apparently leads to illness in the society and increased expenditure of locals on health. Due to the reduction in the quality and quantity of their agricultural produce the villagers in the area also had to face economic problems. At the same time they also suggested that the management of industry shall conduct training program regarding innovation agricultural, practices, modern equipment, improved plant sapling etc and give fair rates for their sugarcane crop.


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3.11.6 Suggestions Informing the local about the project should be made mandatory. There is need to ban the heavy use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides with top priority. The activities like distribution of bio-fertilizer, saplings, at a subsidise rate as well as training programme should be conducted for villages at large which at present is only for share-holders. In villages there is definite polluted source of drinking water. The factory can provide within its limit purified source of drinking water.

3.12 ECOLOGY The In-house Functional Area Experts of EEIPL for EB Prof. (Dr.) Jay Samant, Sulakshna Ayarekar and Dr. Rohan Lad have worked on ecology and bio-diversity aspects of the study area around MLSCIL project.

Introduction The Land Use and Land cover interpretation from satellite imagery (acquired in 2015) revealed the present landuse status of the study area, as cropland (41.82%), fallow land (39.77%), barren land (15.80 %), built-up area (1.96 %), and water bodies (0.64%) comprising of river and water tanks. During field visits, it was observed that most of the part of the study area was covered by agriculture and fallow land with patches of grasslands with open scrubs of Babhul (Acacia nilotica).

Figure 3.19 Eco–Sensitive Map


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3.12.1 Methodology Initially, a preliminary survey was done by using toposheets, landuse map, census map, as well as literature after which a field visit for pilot survey was made to the study area on 14.11.2016. On the basis of this, study sites were selected for ecology and biodiversity studies. Out of the 28 villages in the study area, 13 villages were selected for this EB study. All villages (7 Nos.) within 5 Km radius and 6 villages between 5 to 10 Km radius were selected for the said study.

Table 3.22 Names and distance from project site of study villages for EB survey

Sr. No. Name of the Village Villages within 5 Km radius

1. Ruddhewadi 2. Andewadi 3. Mugali 4. Sangogi 5. Chincholi M. 6. Boblad 7. Dudhani

Villages from 5 Km to 10 Km radius 8. Jevargi 9. Ibrahimpur 10. Naggur 11. Boroti Bk. 12. Nanderga 13. Halhalli

During field survey, Random sampling and opportunistic methods were used for biodiversity study. In addition, a structured close ended interview schedule, comprising of 10 EB related questions in Marathi, was carried out on sample size of 91 local respondents from 13 identified villages. Stratified random sampling was employed in which 60% of the respondents were above 50 years. This method was used in order to get respondents perception, especially from senior ones about the changing ecology-biodiversity scenario as past information is neither documented nor available in records. Extensive photo documentation was done to record the information related to EB as well as to predict direct and indirect impact of industrial activities on the ecology and biodiversity of the area. 3.12.2 Biodiversity

As per the State Forest Department, Solapur, 2012, floral biodiversity of this region is comprised of 83 tree species, 50 shrub species, and 19 grasses. The faunal diversity is represented by 12 mammal species, 45 avifaunal species and 12 reptile species are recorded in the district.

3.12.3 Field Observation

The area around the factory consisted of agriculture land mostly comprised of crops namely pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), jowar (Sorghum vulgare), black gram (Vigna mungo) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum) as well as watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The crops grown in the area

are mostly rain-fed crops. The study area is mostly flat with elevation between 423 M to 463 M above MSL. On both sides of the road leading from Sugar factory to village Dudhani large


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tracts of area was covered by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cropping with some patches of grapes. Four local bird species were spotted in this area. Near village Boblad plantations of Shewga (Moringa oleifera), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), onion (Allium cepa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and zandu (Tagetes) flowers were observed. The internal connecting roads between all above mentioned villages were non-tar. River Bori flows through all villages Ruddewadi, Chincholi M., Andewadi and Boblad. Along river Bori scrub patches of Babul (Acacia nilotica) and Vedi Babhul (Prosopis juliflora) were observed. Near village Boblad juvenile Jacobin Cuckoo (Clamator jacobinus) and a flock of rosy starling (Pastor roseus) was observed in the scattered vegetation of Prosopis juliflora. Common local trees namely Azardirachta indica, Cassia auriculata, Acacia nilotica and

Prosopis juliflora are found in and around these villages. Black Drongo (Dicrurus

macrocercus), Shikra (Accipiter badius) and Rosy Starlings (Pastor roseus) were observed near railway track near village Ruddewadi. A pair of soaring Bonneli’s Eagles (Aquila

fasciata) was observed near village Ibrahimpur and also near industrial site of MLSCIL. A small pond near MLSCIL factory provided wetland habitat to birds including winter visitors. Birds namely Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea), Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava), Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Intermediate Egret (Mesophoyx intermedia), Marsh Sandpiper (Tringa stagnatilis), Yellow-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus cinereus), Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) were observed in and around this pond. On east and northern side of Sugar factory there are large tracts of grassland habitat. At about 1 Km on east of factory, near road leading to village Mugali, there is small hill with an elevation of 450 M above MSL. A raptor (Unidentified) was observed near this hill. Large flock of Paddyfield Pipit (Anthus rufulus) was observed on grassland near factory site which is the proposed site of distillery. River Bori flows through villages namely Sangogi Ruddewadi, Andewadi, Chincholi M. Boblad, Jevargi and Nanderga. A typical scrub of Babhul (Acacia nilotica) and Vedi Babhul (Prosopis juliflora) is observed along river Bori in these areas. Except in villages Jevargi and Nanderga at all other remaining sites there was no any presence of water in river Bori. Four wetland bird species were observed in river Bori near villages Jevargi and Nanderga. Depending on the availability of groundwater, locals had grown rabbi crops namely jowar (Sorghum bicolour), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Including this plantations of fruits namely grapes (Vitis vinifera) and papaya (Carica papaya) were also observed in these areas. Otherwise the land is found to be fallow land in the study area. Twenty five local and one winter visitor bird species were observed in and around these scrub scattered with grassland, agriculture and fallow land habitats. Near Nimbal which is about 5 Km on east side from project site there is presence of water tank. Eight birds associated with wetlands, of which one was winter visitor, were observed in and around this water tank. On extreme west side from project site there is a water tank near Vijaynagar at 10 Km which was visited during field study. This area was comprised of scattered scrub of Babhul (Acacia

nilotica), fallow and agriculture land. Five wetland birds were observed in this water tank.

3.12.4 Findings of Questionnaire Survey

According to most (60%) of the respondents, in the past, dominant habitats in the area were grassland and scrub which have been degraded over a period of past 20 years mainly due to tree cutting as a result of agricultural expansion and industrialization. Major crops grown in the area, according to respondents, are Jowar (Sorghum vulgare), Sugarcane (Saccharum

officinarum), Wheat (Triticum sativum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Maize (Zea mays),


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vegetables and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). In horticulture, major fruits grown include grapes (Vitis vinifera), papaya (Carica papaya) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Major common tree species in the area, as per the respondents, are Pimpal (Ficus religiosa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Wad (Ficus benghalensis), Babhul (Acacia nilotica), Vedi Babhul (Prosopis juliflora),Shewga (Moringa oleifera)and Subabul (Leucaena

leucocephala). These tree species were also observed in the study area during field visit. According to majority respondents the presence of major local wildlife in the region, is Indian Wolf (Canis lupus), Jackal (Canis aureus), Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiate), Indian Palm Squirrel (Funambulus palmarum), Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Langur (Presbytis entellus) and flying fox (Pteropus giganteus). The locals also confirmed occurrence of birds like Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Grey Francolin (Francolinus pondicedranius), Rock bush Quail (Perdicula argoondah), Black Kite (Milvus migrans) and the common local birds close to habitations.

In reptiles, presence of snakes such as Indian Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosa), Spectacled Cobra

(Naja naja, Common Indian Krait (Bungares caeruleus), Russel’s Viper (Daboia russelii), and Saw-scaled Viper (Echis carinatus) and Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor) was mentioned by locals in the region. The respondents agreed about presence of different frog species but could only mention bull frog (Hoplobatracus tigerinus) in the area. In fish diversity, only few (10 %) respondents were aware of the presence of locally found fish species, but were not able to tell names or identify the fish species. As expected there was less information about invertebrate diversity. Presence of different species of spiders, butterflies, scorpions and crabs in their locality was confirmed by the respondents.

Importantly, majority (70%) of the respondents, particularly the seniors who had seen environmental conditions, landuse and biodiversity in the past, confirmed direct decline in biodiversity in the area today. This change was attributed to factors namely water scarcity (90%), agriculture expansion (30%) and industrialization (20%). However, a majority (70%) of the respondents from villages namely complained about increase in no. of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in their area. Refer Appendix-H for photographs related to ecology and biodiversity in the study area and list of flora and fauna observed in the study area.

Chapter 4

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES …4

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4.1 INTRODUCTION

Evaluation of impacts on the environmental parameters, due to proposed distillery project, is an important aspect to be studied. This chapter incorporates both, qualitative and quantitative descriptions of various environmental impacts due to proposed 45 KLPD molasses based distillery by Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL); Akkalkot, Solapur. Various scientific techniques are available to predict and evaluate the impact of developmental activities on the physical, ecological and socio – economic environments. The predictions are superimposed over the base line status (pre-project) of environmental quality to obtain the final (post-project) environmental conditions.

‘Environmental Impact’ can be defined as any alteration of the environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those which are attributed directly to the project. On the other hand, secondary impacts are the ones which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investments and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed action. The proposed project of MLSCIL may influence environments of the area in two phases. Construction Phase: During the construction period, the impact may be temporary. Operational Phase: Post construction phase may have long-term effects on the

environment.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE Construction phase impacts on the environment can be considered short term. Activities during erection of the plant and civil structures may affect the environment of the area surrounding the site. The impacts as well as mitigation measures for the same are described in table 4.1.


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Table 4.1 Impact Identification and Mitigation Measures due to Construction Phase of MLSCIL, Solapur

Sr. No.

Component / Aspect

Parameter Causes Impacts Type of Impact

Mitigation measures / Remarks

1 Air Dust (SPM)

Vehicular movement, drilling, excavation and land levelling

Respiratory problems - coughing and difficult or painful breathing; irritation in eyes.

High SO2 and NOX - lung disorders such as wheezing and shortness of breath.

Obstruction in activities like photosynthesis and evapo-transpiration due to deposition of dust on surface of leaves thereby reducing crop yield.

Minor (Negative Impact)

SO2 and NOX at single location will not increase as the vehicular movement and machines will be mobile.

Control of dust emissions by sprinkling water on open spaces, kuccha roads, heaps of earthen filling material etc. until paved roads get constructed.

Provision of PPEs (Goggles and Masks) to staff and workers

Augmentation of the existing green belt shall be done immediately after commencement of proposed activity.

SO2 Vehicular movement NOX

2 Water Deterioration of Water quantity, quality and aesthetics of water body.

Water requirement for construction and domestic activities.

Surface runoff and seepage.

Domestic effluent. Spill from fuel, oil

and other chemicals. Leachate from

temporary waste dumps on site.

Industrial premises at MLSCIL has already been well developed Hence, construction to be taken up under proposed project shall have no significant impact on water environment. Some minor impacts are as follow- Silting of water bodies Water borne disease Contamination of nearby water

body


Proper and adequate segregation of construction area and appropriate drainages, to minimize runoff

Cutting and filling work will be avoided during rainy season.

Stone pitching on the slopes and construction of concrete drains for storm water to minimize soil erosion.

Strengthening the existing green belt.


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Sr. No.

Component / Aspect



Soil binding and fast growing vegetation to arrest soil erosion.

Temporary sheds, Mobile toilets as well as water tank shall be provided for the workers.

3 Noise Noise Nuisance and Disturbance

Construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc.

Continuous and intermediate source

During construction it is not a continuous source and hence do not pose a health risk or damage peoples' sense of hearing.

Adversely affects the quality of life of occupants and nearby residents.

Disturbance in nearby residents. Constant exposure to high noise

levels can result in damage of ear drums and loss of hearing.

Increased blood pressure levels, cardio-vascular disease and stress related heart problems.


The proposed distillery will be established in existing sugar and co-gen unit. There will be minimum construction work.

Provision of proper acoustic enclosure for noise generating and vibrating machinery.

Protective equipments such as ear plugs, earmuffs etc for workers will be provided.

Onsite workers must not be exposed, for more than 8 hours, to high noise generating sources.

4 Soil and Land use

Soil Quality and Topography

Spill from fuel, oil and other chemicals.

Substratum excavated during construction of foundations.

Improper storage of solid waste

Affects the soil, micro as well as macro flora. Thereby, disturbing the nutritive composition of soil.

Positive benefits in the form of land levelling and tree plantation in the plant vicinity and other premises.

Bad aesthetics due to littering.


Proper maintenance of vehicles as well as machinery used during construction to avoid oil, fuel leakages.

Disposal of waste to authorised recyclers and resellers.

5 Biodiversity and Habitat

Terrestrial as well as aquatic

Dust emissions Noise generation Influx of onsite

No any major impacts envisaged but some minor impacts may be observed.


Noise generating and vibrating machinery would be provided with proper acoustic enclosure


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Sr. No.

Component / Aspect



Flora, Fauna and Avifauna.

workers Flood lights, high

masts etc.

Retarded growth and productivity of the plants.

Avifauna (migratory and residential) nearby water body and in the surrounding areas may get frightened and restless.

Nocturnal animals and birds may get affected due to flood lights, high masts etc.

Nesting and roosting sites in surrounding area of the MLSCIL may get affected through activities like collection of fire wood for cooking, improper sanitation practices etc.

Water sprinkling arrangement shall be provided to curb dust emissions during construction activities.

Workers staying onsite shall be supplied with fuel source such as LPG, Kerosene etc. for cooking. Moreover, proper care shall be taken so that the surrounding ecological area is duly conserved.

6 Risk, Hazard and Occupational health & Safety

Accidental risk and Hazard

Lifting of heavy tools and tackles, construction equipment

Repetitive motion, awkward postures and vibrations

High noise generating machinery

Continuous exposure to dust

Welding of metal parts

Cabling of electrical work.

Physical problems viz. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, back pain, muscle soreness and nerve damage reduction in hearing efficiency of workers

Shortness of breath following physical exertion, severe cough and chest pains

Fatigue and loss of appetite Eye irritation and eye sight

problems Electrical shock Spread of various diseases


Use of advanced technology and sophisticated machinery during construction

Maximum Employment of young and adequately trained persons (above 18 years)

Providing various PPEs like dust masks, safety glasses, helmets, gum boots, ear plugs and ear muffs etc. to the workers.

Proper earthing for electrical supply,

Separation of deep excavations and marking of dangerous areas


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Sr. No.

Component / Aspect



Unhygienic conditions resulting from day-to-day activities of workers living in the industrial area.

with barricading etc. 24 X 7 medical aid with trained

doctors and ambulance facility Training to the workers from

view points of safety, health and hygiene.

7 Socio-Economic

Social and Economic status

Establishment of 45 KLPD molasses based distillery unit

Primary and secondary employment generation

Major (Positive Impact)

There will be positive impact to the residents nearby industrial unit in the form of new job opportunities and increase in good employment generation potential.


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4.3 OPERATION PHASE Operational phase activities may have impacts minor or major, positive or negative on environmental disciplines such as soils, surface and ground water hydrology, micro meteorology, land use, water use, water and air quality, ecology, socio economics and noise environment. Description of various attributes and effects on same has been presented in following paragraphs.

Figure 4.1 Impact Identification Process Flow Chart

SHW , Air

Water

Press Mud

To Factory

Weighment & Cane Preparation

Cane Milling/ Crushing

Juice Extraction & Clarification

Juice Sulphitation

Syrup Boiling

Centrifuging

Storage of Sugar

Bagasse Boiler Turbines

To Grid

PowerSteam

Bio-Composting

MEE

Bio Methanation

Fermentation Distillation Alcohol Storage

Raw Spent Wash Molasses

Distillery Compost To Farms

Condensate To Recycle

Biogas To Dist. Boiler

Digested Spent Wash

Conc, Spent Wash

Air SHW Noise

Air Noise Water SHW

Air Water Soil RH

Noise Noise SHW Noise Air SHW

SHW , Air

Water Soil EB

Air RH

Water Soil

Cogeneration Plant

Soil


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Table 4.2 Identification of Impacts on Environment due to Operation Activities under Existing Sugar, Co-Gen and Proposed Distillery Project of MLSCIL, Solapur.

Sr. No.

Environmental Aspects

Activities / Observation Impact Identification Type of impact

Remark

1. Air Cane Yard, Cane Weighment, Milling Section, SO2 preparation section, Lime Slurry preparation, Centrifuge, Sugar bagging house, Bagasse & Pressmud yard, Ash Storage Yard, Molasses Storage Tank, Fermentation, and Bio-methanation Plant.

Generation of fugitive dust, bagasse particles, lime dust, fine sugar dust & water mist, bagasse dust, Odour Nuisance, and release of SO2, CO2

Emissions, Release of biogas in air.

Minor (Non-

quantifiable)

Impacts due to existing boiler operations may not have significant impact on air environment. The impacts due to existing ambient concentrations is described below at Section 4.3.1 of this Chapter.

2. Water Milling Section, Juice storage, Juice clarification, Juice Concentration Section, Vacuum Pan, Crystallizer, Centrifuge

If spillage of juice/syrup accidently discharged into water body, it may cause impact on water quality.

Major (Quantifiable)

The impacts due to operation activities are significant. Quantification of accidental discharge into nearby water body & nalla is given below at Section 4.3.3 of this Chapter.

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) Discharge of untreated / partially treated effluent

Molasses storage tank, Distillation, Spentwash storage tank

If spillage of Molasses, Spentwash & spentlees accidently discharged into water body, it may cause impact on water quality.

Compost yard Formation of leachates and percolation of same in ground water.

3. Noise Cane yard, Cane weighment, Milling section, Sugar bagging house, Boiler operations (Fuel Burning, Steam vent off), Turbine

Due to cane transportation activities, Milling operations, Conveyors, trolleys, people, sugar bag packing machines, Boiler operations, High pressure steam injection & high speed turbine rotary motions etc.

Minor (Non-

quantifiable)

The impacts due to operation activities are negligible i.e. insignificant.


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Sr. No.

Environmental Aspects

Activities / Observation Impact Identification Type of impact

Remark

4. Solid & Hazardous Waste (SHW)

Cane yard, Milling Section, Vacuum Filtration, Bagasse conveyance, handling, transport & storage yard, Pressmud yard.

Solid waste such as Trash, dung, Lubricant Spills, Pressmud, Bagasse generates.

Minor (Non-

quantifiable)

The impacts due to operation activities are negligible i.e. insignificant. SHW generated would be properly handled and disposed off. ETP Non-scientific disposal of sludge, its

littering and odour nuisance5. Soil Boiler Operation (Fuel Burning),

Ash storage Yard, Fermentation, Juice Storage, Juice Concentration Section, Vacuum Pan, Crystallizer, Centrifuge, Molasses storage tank, Distillation.

Generation of ash, yeast sludge, spillage of juice/ syrup, molasses, spentwash, spentlees

Minor (Non-

quantifiable)

The impacts due to operation activities are negligible i.e. insignificant.

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) Discharge of untreated / partially treated effluent on land/ nearby farm

6. Risk & Hazard SO2 Storage & use, Bagasse conveyance, handling, transport and storage yard, Bio-methanation plant, Alcohol Storage Tank

Release of SO2, Sulphur dust explosion, Fire in bagasse yard, Spillage of alcohol accidently, and fire in alcohol storage yard.

Major Worst-case scenarios predicting the impacts due to hazardous raw materials or chemicals are presented in Chapter 7.

7. Ecology & Biodiversity

Distillation Spillage of Spentwash Minor (Non-

quantifiable)

Impacts due to operation activities are negligible i.e. insignificant


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4.3.1. Impact on Air Quality A) Emissions from Fuel Burning Major sources of air pollution shall be existing boilers as well as vehicles used for transportation. Presently, there are two boilers in existing sugar factory with capacities – 30 TPH & 50 TPH. To same, Wet scrubber has been provided as APC equipment. Under the proposed distillery unit, no new boiler will be installed. The steam shall be taken from existing boilers. Bagasse is used as fuel for existing boiler. The stack emissions from existing boiler shall be particulate matter, SO2, CO, NOX. In addition, the vehicular exhaust may also contribute to air pollution through release of SO2, CO, NOX. Table 2.24 of Chapter 2 may be referred for details of boilers and stacks under existing set up of MLSCIL. 4.3.1.1. GLC Evaluation through Air Dispersion Modelling In order to study the movement of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants' release into atmosphere from the source, Air Dispersion Model – AERMOD developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is used. The software helps in knowing details of particulate and gases dispersed in the down wind direction and finally reaching the ground at farther distance from the source. Ground level concentrations (GLC) mainly depend upon the strength of emission source & micrometeorology of study area. No new boiler will be installed under the proposed distillery project of MLSCIL. Hence, AERMOD software is not used for understanding the increase in baseline concentrations of ambient air. Site-specific meteorological data collected for one season for period from Oct. 2016 – Nov. 2016 -Dec. 2016. Refer Figure 4.2 for windrose. Predominant wind direction & wind speeds are tabulated in following table –

Table 4.3 Predominant Wind Directions

No. Season Time (Hrs.) Predominant wind

Direction Nearest Habitation

Downwind

1 Winter 08:30 NE Mugali 17:30 NE Nimbal 2 Post-monsoon 08:30 W Ruddhewadi 17:30 W Boroti 3 Monsoon 08:30 W Andewadi 17:30 W4 Pre-monsoon 08:30 NW Sangogi Bk. 17:30 NW Naagur

Table 4.4 Predominant Wind Direction and Speed Categories

Season Predominant Wind Direction Wind Speed Category (Kmph)

December East 1-8 January East 1-8 February West 1-8

The 24 hourly 98th percentile concentrations and averages of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx in ambient air, recorded during the field study conducted for the season Oct. 2016 – Nov. 2016


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– Dec. 2016 are considered as baseline values. The impact due to operations of existing nearby industries on this region is represented by 98 percentile concentrations of above mentioned parameters at this location, which are considered as ‘Baseline Concentrations’ to determine the impact on ambient air quality. The baseline concentrations are summarized in the following table.

Table 4.5 Baseline Concentrations

Parameter Concentration NAAQS Remark

PM10 60.02 g/m3 100 g/m3 Baseline concentrations for PM10 @ 60.02

g/m3, PM2.5 @ 17.32 g/m3, SO2 @ 14.75

g/m3, NOx @ 29.31 g/m3 and CO is not

detectable. The baseline concentrations are

well within the limits. Refer Chapter 3,

Section 3.9 for more details.

PM2.5 17.32 g/m3 60 g/m3

SO2 14.75 g/m3 80 g/m3

NOX 29.31 g/m3 80 g/m3

CO BDL 2 mg/m3


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Figure 4.2 Windrose for the Month October 2016 to December 2016


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B) Fugitive Emissions Fugitive emission under existing activities of sugar factory of MLSCIL shall be mainly from sources - Cane yard PM10-62.0 ug/m3 (9%), PM2.5- 25.0 ug/m3 (11%), Cane weighment PM10-68.2 ug/m3(20%), PM2.5–27 ug/m3 (20%), Bagasse yard PM10 -75 ug/m3(31%), PM2.5- 38 ug/m3 (68%), Lime slurry preparation section PM10 - 60 ug/m3 (5%), PM2.5- 24 ug/m3 (6%), Centrifuge PM10-64 ug/m3 (12%), PM2.5-27 ug/m3 (20%), Sugar bagging section PM10 - 68 ug/m3 (19%), PM2.5 - 30 ug/m3 (32%) & Ash Yard PM10 - 62 ug/m3 (9%), PM2.5 - 25.0 ug/m3

(11%). These will impact working environment of workers and will also settle on plants in the industrial premises. Consequence of this shall be respiratory disorders, aggravated coughing and difficult or painful breathing among the workers and reduced photosynthesis activity which shall impact plant life. Also, inappropriate and non-scientific storage & longer holding periods of raw & concentrated spentwash in respective tanks & yeast sludge from fermenters shall lead to formation of aerobic-anaerobic conditions in tank body thereby resulting into uncontrolled release of gases comprising prominently of methane, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and carbon di-oxide. Hydrogen sulphide imparts foul odour in premises whereas SO2 lead to corrosive atmosphere. Efficient and quick utilization of spentwash from the tanks and its subsequent composting shall avoid holding up of same for longer periods and prevent formation of above mentioned gaseous emissions. C) Process Emissions CO2 shall be generated from fermenters under the distillery project. Generation of CO2 takes place in considerable quantum which when let out in the atmosphere could have undesirable effects in surrounding ambience. Since CO2 has been labelled as one of major gases responsible for green-house effect, its release in atmosphere has to be curbed as far as possible. Under the MLSCIL establishment project, this CO2 from fermenters shall be let out for a certain period initially where after same shall be bottled for supply to secondary industrial uses. Augmentation of green belt shall also help control the carbon dioxide emissions. D) Odour Pollution Odour can result from number of sources and operations in an integrated complex of distillery and sugar factory. They may include stale cane, bad mill sanitation, molasses handling and storage, effluent storage; treatment & disposal, effluent carrying drains, primary & secondary sludge storage areas etc. Under the proposed planning in MLSCIL, every care shall be taken to avoid odour generation from above sources and actions so that eventual nuisance from same shall be abated. Especially, distillery fermentation section, distillation section for spentwash generation, spentwash handling; storage; concentration and eventually its composting shall be provided prompt and proper attention. Anaerobic - aerobic pathways of degradation resulting due to excessively longer storage of spentwash, yeast sludge and similar putrescible materials shall give rise to foul smells as a result of generation of gases like hydrogen sulphide, sulphur di-oxide etc. These gases have very irritating effect on human beings and animals that come in their contact resulting into coughing, sneezing, inflammation of upper respiratory track, irritation of eyes, sensation of nausea and vomiting. Unsanitary conditions responsible for odour trouble could give rise to other nuisance like fly and insect infestation.


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4.3.1.2. Mitigation Measures A) Emissions from Fuel Burning It is proposed to install temperature, CO, CO2 and SO2 sensors for monitoring respective

parameters of the exhaust gases. Regular self-monitoring of the AAQ and work zone air quality to be done by the industry

through approved labs to check and control dust levels / concentrations at certain places so that same could be kept always below the stipulated norms.

Efficiencies of dust control equipment in the industry such as Wet Scrubber shall be monitored regularly (at least once a month) under performance evaluation.

Inlet and outlet of pollution control equipment shall be provided with all necessary sampling arrangements as per guidelines of CPCB.

Air pollution control equipment would be interlocked with the process as per the guidelines of CPCB.

B) Fugitive Emissions Installation of appropriate, adequate and efficient exhaust and ventilation system to

remove and control dust from work zone areas. Provision of appropriate APC equipment to collect and remove dust from work zone including their monitoring routinely.

Dust, ash etc. collected from the APC equipment, e.g. fly ash from co-gen boilers, is properly handled and disposed off periodically by selling it to brick manufacturers. Thus, uncontrolled storage of ash on site is avoided which leads to littering and suspension in air due to wind. This will be followed under proposed project of distillery.

Installation of dedicated and mechanical ash handling system with adequate capacity silos, conveyors, closed conduits, water-sprinkling arrangements etc.

PPEs such as masks, aprons, gloves, goggles etc. shall be provided to the workers. Augmentation of green belt of adequate density and with appropriate types of plants shall

be made to control and attenuate dust transfer in the premises. Also, well planned and shelter belt and mass plantation shall be provided along bagasse and ash storage yards to curb littering of the materials due to wind. This will avoid suspension of bagasse and ash particles in the air which leads to SPM. Refer green belt development plan at Appendix-F.

Proper maintenance of existing tar roads provided in premises of MLSCIL shall be done. Moreover, all internal roads, yards and open storage areas will be provided with well-compacted and constructed surface layering. At certain locations linings of tar or RCC shall also be provided.

Covered / encased conveyors are installed to carry bagasse from milling section to storage yards, from storage yards to boiler section. This is done so as to avoid littering and free falling of loose bagasse from the belt which leads to suspension of same in air and subsequent spread in the ambient air due to wind currents.

Efficient & quick utilization of spentwash from tanks & its subsequent bio-methanation followed by concentration and consumption in bio-composting shall avoid holding up of same for longer periods & prevent formation and emission of gases such as H2S, SO2, CH4, CO2, etc.


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C) Process Emissions To marginally minimize the effects of CO2 which shall be generated from fermenters, a care shall be taken through implementation of the green belt. Adequate density plantation under same can play an important role as 'the sink' by taking up CO2 thus curbing its release to atmosphere from the premises. However, to exercise total control on CO2, there is a future planning to collect the gas properly, compress it adequately and bottle subsequently. The CO2 cylinders shall then be supplied to manufacturers of beverages or other secondary purposes. This approach shall totally curb the release of CO2 from distillery premises. D) Odour Pollution To abate the odour nuisance, MLSCIL has a concrete planning which includes following steps and actions- It is proposed to provide covered fermentation and tapping of CO2 gas. Collection of yeast sludge from fermentation section in closed silo system, its dewatering

(mechanical) and immediate disposal through supply as manure. Reduced volume of effluents (spentwash, spent lees) by adopting strategic approaches

such as continuous fermentation, vacuum distillation, reuse of spentwash for molasses dilution, utilization of condensate from MEE for dilution and other process operations as well as in cooling tower make up.

Closed and dedicated close circuit conveyance system for spentwash to treatment units like MEE which shall minimize fugitive emissions during the operations.

Adoption of GMPs (Good Management Practices) Arranging awareness and training camps for workers. Use of PPEs like masks by persons working near odour potential prone areas. India has very few trained and skilled manpower as per the requirement of international

practices for the odour monitoring and control. Therefore, the human resource shall be developed and continuous efforts will be made for upgrading the knowledge base and skill in this area. Requisite trainings could be arranged through representatives from academic and national research institutions, state and central regulatory agencies etc.

4.3.2. Impact on Climate Impact on the climatic conditions, due to the proposed distillery and existing sugar factory, co-gen plant are not envisaged especially as emissions of flue gases with very high temperatures, to the atmosphere, are not expected. 4.3.3. Impact on Water Resources 4.3.3.1. Surface Water (Quality & Quantity) Water requirement of the proposed distillery would be met from the Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. The Industry has been granted permission for lifting 2,18,000 M3/year. Total water requirement for 45 KLPD distillery project would be 439 M3/Day. During sugar cane crushing season (180 days) out of total water required 210 M3/Day would be sugar cane condensate & 224 M3/Day would be recycled water from proposed CPU and 4 M3/Day would be treated water from STP . It could be seen that during sugar cane crushing season 99.7%


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i.e. 100 % recycled water will be used for proposed distillery. Only 1 M3/Day fresh water will be required during crushing season. During non crushing season of sugar factory out of total water requirement only 215 M3/Day would be fresh water (4.7 KL/ KL of Alcohol) taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara will be required for distillery. Remaining 224 M3/Day (50% recycled) would be recycled water from proposed CPU. Detailed information on water consumption is presented at Chapter- 2.

Now, it could be observed, that the permission granted to MLSCIL by Irrigation Department; Govt. of Maharashtra for lifting fresh water from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara is 0.218 Million M3, which is more than the actual usage under existing as well as proposed activities in the complex. Therefore, there will not be any significant impact on surface water resources of study area.

As far as trade effluent is concerned, wastewater from sugar factory and co-gen plant to the tune of 200 M3/Day shall be treated in an ETP of MLSCIL. Further, distillery effluent in the form of spentwash shall be primarily treated in bio-methanation plant and concentration in MEE followed by bio-composting. Thereby achieving zero discharge. For more details w.r.t. effluent generation, Chapter 2 may be referred.

Table 4.6 Quantification of Pollutants' (Distillery Spentwash) Load

Pollutants Conc. of Pollutants generated (mass/vol.)

Quantity of Pollutants generate (mass/day)

Conc. of Pollutants-After Bio-methanation

(mass/ volume)

Quantity of Pollutants -After Bio-methanation

(mass/day)

Conc. of Pollutant

After conc. (mass/ volume)

Conc. of Pollutants After conc. (mass/ day)

Raw Sp. Wash (Flow– 335 CMD)

Bio-methanated Sp.wash (Flow– 335 CMD)

MEE Conc. Sp.wash (Flow– 200 CMD)

Raw Spentwash pH 3.9 - 4.5 -- 7.0-7.8 -- 6.5-8.0 --

BOD 70,000 30800 12000 5280 50000 8750 COD 1,30,000 57200 35000 15400 90000 15750 TDS 85,000 37400 68850 30294 70640 12362

Table 4.7 Quantification of Pollutants' (Effluent from Sugar Factory & Co-gen Plant) Load

Pollutants Conc. of Pollutants

generated mg/lit (mass/volume)

Quantity of Pollutants

generated Kg/day(mass/day)

Conc. of Pollutants after Treatment

mg/lit (mass/volume)

Quantity of Pollutants after

Treatment Kg/day (mass/day)

MPCB Standards mg/lit

(mass/ vol) Kg/day

(mass/day)

Raw Effluent (Flow– 200 CMD) Treated Effluent (Flow–190 CMD) Untreated Effluent

pH 4-5 -- 6-7 -- -- --BOD 1500 300 80 15.2 100 59COD 3000 600 200 38 250 147.5TDS 1000 200 960 182.4 2100 1239

The distillery spentwash being highly polluting, due care shall be taken during storing of same on site. Two tanks shall be provided for spentwash storage. One shall be of 30 days storage capacity for digested spentwash while another of 5 days storage capacity for raw spentwash. Refer Chapter 2, Figure 2.12 for spentwash storage tank details. In light of management proposed for storing and fully utilizing the spentwash for biocomposting, it shall not have any negative impact on surface water quality. Thus, there will not be any discharge of untreated effluent in any surface water. Hence, impact on surface water quality, due to effluent of proposed distillery, would not be significant.

During monitoring period of October 2016 to December 2016 there was no water flow in the Bori river in the vicinity of industrial site. As such, contamination of stream discharge


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because of ingress of treated /untreated effluent from the industry was out of question. However, due to topography of the region, accidental discharge of spentwash or other effluents could find direct entry into dry nallah course thereby causing contamination of surface and sub-surface soils as well as ground water.

A. Impact on Surface :

1. pH : Acidic pH may lead to adverse impact on flora, fauna. Also, useful microbes may get killed due to acidic pH.

2. Salinity: High TDS will adversely affect conductivity of soil thereby causing mortality of vegetation in soil.

3. Organic Matter: Because of high organic matter, microbes in the soil start utilising the carbon in the organic matter for which they may consume nitrogen from soil.

4. C/N Ratio: While consuming carbon from organic matter, the microbes also need nitrogen. If there is no sufficient nitrogen is available i.e. C/N ratio is very high they may consume nitrogen present in their metabolism. This will deplete the nitrogen content of the soil which is called robbing of nitrogen. Thus, the soils become unfertile due to reduction of nitrogen content. If the C/N ratio in the soil becomes too low due to spentwash discharge there could be germination disorder of the seeds due to imbalance in the environment.

B. Impact due to infiltration:

1. When the spentwash is discharged on ground and infiltrates in the soil, it will affect porosity and reduce free air spaces in the soil matrix. The salts (TDS) in spentwash cause soil salinity thereby creating infertile soils.

2. Groundwater shall get contaminated severely due to colour, organics and TDS in the spentwash which will increase the hardness and as well as affect palatability and acceptance by people.

3. Because of the acidic pH of spentwash it will disintegrate the desired sized, boulders, lumps thereby making them soft which will eventually get converted into finer soil particle size distribution, porosity and permeability of soil mass (clayey) which could be undesirable in certain agricultural practices.

4. Because of the faster decomposition of high organic matter of spentwash and its ponding anaerobic condition could develop into soil environment leading to foul smell.

Scenario of accidental discharge of spentwash on land: Spentwash if discharged on land without any treatment may hamper the existing soil characteristics or if the digested spentwash were to be utilized for irrigation, it would have been necessary to dilute same with fresh water (25 to 30 times) and then the resultant mix could be applied at the rate of 20 M3/Acre for which a land area of 300 Acres becoming necessary. Due to liquid nature, the spentwash could be applied through pumping and gravity flow mechanisms. Being repeated application on same land in the vicinity of distillery plant, despite adoption of cyclic irrigation system, the inorganic salt built up in land leading to salinity problem would be quite evident. Accidental discharge of effluent or solid waste on land may change soil fertility slowly; making it saline and non-suitable for agricultural or and any other vegetation to survive. Moreover, the microbes in soil like fungi and bacteria which can have intense effects on its microbiology and biochemistry may also receive adverse impacts due to pollutants and contaminates through effects like toxicity. There could be certain alterations in soils' nature which may result in to physical and structural changes like variation in bonding properties of soils, cohesiveness, permeability, porosity, plasticity etc. This can result in to undesirable effects like excessive erosion, seepages, infiltration. Further, death of many useful organisms in the soil (e.g. earthworms) can create troubles w.r.t. soils' fertility and productivity. As already stated in earlier


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section, if raw effluent is discharged on land, acidic or alkaline pH, high TDS concentrations and organic matter contents could have detrimental effects like loss of nitrogen, increase in conductivity and salinity, reduced porosity etc. The increase in concentrations of above parameters shall exert negative impact on the aquatic biota and the fresh water ecosystem. First of all, suspended particles increase turbidity which reduces light penetration thereby disrupting growth of photosynthetic plants and disturb the food chain, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewaters act as nutrients that help aggravating problems of 'Eutrophication' and algal dominance, organic matter in the effluent could reduce dissolved oxygen levels and cause fish kill due to depletion of DO levels, excessive presence of CO2 through respiration process in eutrophied waters may lead to fall in pH which results in formation of weak acids and affects the pH sensitive reactions in the water body and benthic deposits, increase in ground water TDS levels could lead to salinity problems of soils, gastro enteric disorders, problems of urine stone etc. in humans, corrosion, pitting and similar problems with metallic objects due to salt deposition and scaling.

B) Ground Water (Quality & Quantity)

Water required for proposed distillery and existing sugar and co-gen operations of the industry is being taken from the Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. Hence, as ground water will not be a source of raw water for industrial activities, there will not be any major impact on ground water reserve (quantity) in the area. However, quality of ground water could get affected adversely if effluent handling, treatment and disposal practices, especially w.r.t. spentwash, are not properly followed. If spentwash conveyance arrangements, storage tanks, MEE section, are not scientifically maintained (as per CPCB guidelines) then runoff, overflows, leakages and seepages from tanks, pipe lines, open yards may lead to ground water contamination. If there are seepages, leakages then there may be further increase in these parameters leading to salinity problems, imparting colour to ground water not only be important from aesthetics but same may also have health concern. Contaminated ground water if utilized by residents of the region for drinking purpose it may affect the health. High TDS may lead to gastro enteric disorders, problems of urine stone etc. If utilized for industrial purposes, softening and demineralization may incur huge costs. Moreover, the pipelines and other metallic infrastructure involved in conveyance can undergo corrosion, pitting and similar problems due to salt deposition on exposed surfaces. Further, if polluted ground water is used for irrigation; it may deteriorate the soil fertility.

4.3.3.2 Mitigation Measures

A) Surface Water MLSCIL proposes to install an bio-methanation plant to primarily treat spentwash. Further,

this spentwash shall be concentrated in MEE. Ultimately, the concentrated spentwash to the tune of 200 M3/Day would be used for bio-composting process. Thereby, achieving zero discharge. There shall be maximum use of condensate getting available from cane juice evaporation in sugar factory and that from the MEE in distillery. This shall tremendously reduce fresh water demand.

Concepts of advanced mechanization and automation would be introduced in ETP so as to optimize power and chemical consumption as well as to minimize chances of reduced efficiencies due to human errors and non-efficient operation and maintenance practices.

MLSCIL shall not discharge any untreated/ treated industrial as well as domestic effluent into any nearby surface water body. Treated effluent from sugar factory ETP is used for irrigation purpose on nearby farm land. As no effluent shall be allowed to enter or reach any surface water body, the existing water quality will not be disturbed.

B) Ground Water

The recharge of ground water in study area is happening through rainfall, seepage from irrigation tanks and ponds in the study area. Under MLSCIL project, it is proposed to


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implement rain water harvesting measures in the industry premises. Rain water from roof top and surface harvesting shall be collected into recharging pit to be provided on site. Harvesting of rainwater and its recharge into the ground is a very important aspect which creates positive impact on the ground water table. No ground water from any bore well / open well shall be used in manufacturing processes and operations in the industry. The total quantity of domestic effluent, after proper treatment, would be used for gardening on own land / irrigation in nearby farms.

Spentwash storage tanks shall be constructed as per CPCB guidelines where HDPE liners and RCC lining will be implemented. Spentwash handling, storage and disposal systems would be made totally seepage proof to avoid any chances of groundwater contamination.

Sugar factory and Co-gen plant effluents are treated in full fledge ETP provided on site. Piezometer shall be installed around spentwash storage tank for monitoring of ground water.

No spentwash either raw or concentrated would be discharged on land to avoid ground water contamination.

4.3.4. Impact on Hydrology & Hydro-geology

No impact on geology of the area is likely, as no major excavations are involved in the project work and there is no any geological feature of local, regional or national importance in the area. Leakages and seepages from sugar factory effluent and spentwash storage structures could contaminate both shallow and deeper aquifer of the project site through actions like seepages, leakages and percolation.

Overall GW status in the study area is moderate which was revealed through inspection of various bore and open wells in study area. At many villages and small habitations, it was observed that people are totally dependent on the GW for all their domestic needs including drinking. In study area, no major GW recharge efforts were noted. It is very much essential that certain immediate steps are required to be taken either by the Govt. or by the industry through its CSR provisions towards healthy GW management including intensive rainwater harvesting, runoff management and construction of recharge structures. Thus, percolation of harvested and stored rain water shall recharge the existing open & bore wells of study area which shall definitely have a positive impact on the ground water table thereby increasing its level in the ground due to addition to the aquifers storage.

4.3.4.1. Mitigation Measures

In MLSCIL project, the spentwash handling, storage and disposal system infrastructure

comprising of 30-days spentwash storage tank, spentwash concentration system (MEE) spentwash storage shall be planned, designed and constructed as per the CREP norms set for distillery industry by MoEFCC and as per CPCB guidelines. Under the same, spentwash tank; ash storage yards and allied infrastructures should be provided with HDPE liners, RCC liners etc. as per the design details and specific requirements to completely prevent spentwash seepage, percolation and infiltration from the concerned structures into the soil and bedrock as well as to the groundwater storage aquifers.

Alternative sources and implementation of rainwater harvesting measures, both for the roof top and ground surface must be done so as to collect and arrest runoffs and store the same in tanks at certain locations as per the topography in the premises. Also, feasibility should be explored to recharge the harvested rain water directly to bore wells located in the industrial and those in the nearby areas.

4.3.5. Impact of Solid and Hazardous Wastes

Haphazard & uncontrolled storage of ash on site shall lead to littering & suspension of particles in air due to strong wind currents causing problems of air pollution & aesthetics.


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Characteristics of bagasse ash (co-gen boiler) and that of the spentwash ash shall be considerably different. The bagasse ash being from biomass could be used as manure while observing certain care towards rate as well as method of application. The spentwash ash on the other hand due to certain inorganic and heavy metal contents shall only be utilized as filler material in bricks' manufacturing. Improper utilization/disposal of ash would harm soil quality and fertility of the agriculture fields.

If boiler ash storage and concentrated spentwash tank areas are not scientifically maintained (as per CPCB guidelines) then runoff, overflows, leakages and seepages from same may lead to soil, surface water & ground water contamination.

Yeast sludge from fermenters (300 KL/M) and CPU sludge (0.5 MT/M) on inappropriate handling and storage conditions shall lead to formation of aerobic-anaerobic conditions in the tank body thereby resulting in to uncontrolled release of gases comprising prominently of methane, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and carbon di-oxide. Hydrogen sulphide imparts foul odour in the premises whereas SO2 lead to corrosive atmosphere. Moreover, inflammation of eyes, throat and respiratory track irritation are prominent effects observed in case of human being residing nearby the sludge storage / tank premises. ETP & CPU sludges shall contain settled biological flocks from secondary treatment units (aeration tanks / reactors). As such they can undergo anaerobic decomposition resulting in to odour problem if not handled, stored and disposed off properly.

Hazardous waste under Category 5.1, i.e. Used / Spent oil to the tune of 1.8 MT/Yr. shall be generated. This oil if gets spilled or littered in environment, can contaminate environment and result in to undesirable aesthetics also. The used oils especially the ones aimed for lubricating, after draining from engines; gearboxes; hydraulic systems; turbines and air compressors shall not be suitable for use as – (1) oil may be contaminated with wear debris, (2) lubricating base oil gets deteriorated and degraded to acids, (3) additives may decompose into other chemical species, (4) oils may get mixed with process fluids, degreasers and solvents thereby changing nature and properties completely. Spent oil on spillage tends to accumulate in the environment, causing soil and water pollution. Toxic gases and harmful metallic dust particles are produced by the ordinary combustion of used oil. High concentration of metal ions, lead, zinc, chromium and copper in used oil can be toxic to ecological systems and to human health if they are emitted from the exhaust stack of uncontrolled burners and furnaces. Certain compounds in used oils like PAH can be very dangerous to human and animal health being carcinogenic and mutagenic. Lubricating oil is transformed by the high temperatures and stress of an engine's operation.

4.3.5.1. Mitigation Measures

Bagasse ash shall be collected and stored separately. The ash quantity shall be handled and collected through dedicated and automatic mechanical systems followed by storage in silos. Ash shall be sprinkled / sprayed with water to avoid its suspension during all the above processes. Bagasse ash can be used as filler material in spentwash bio-composting.

Collection of yeast sludge from fermentation section in closed silo system, its dewatering (mechanical) and immediate disposal shall be done. Yeast sludge is utilized as manure in spentwash bio-composting.

The ETP & CPU sludge shall be consumed during spentwash composting processs.

4.3.6. Impact on Soil and Agriculture

Impact on soil characteristics shall be usually attributable to deposition of air pollutants from fuel burning operations in co-gen plant and distillery, wastewater discharges and solid and


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hazardous waste disposal. Particulate matter and other pollutants emitted into ambient air (especially in very high concentrations due to improper working of APC equipment) may result in deposition of same on soil and nearby agriculture fields. This can result into alteration of properties of soil and its composition. As such crops and plants grown in such soils may become unable to adapt to soil changes and thus the productivity gets reduced. Also, the contaminants from effluents and solid as well as hazardous wastes could have similar effects on soil through uncontrolled and consistent applications or accidental discharges. Due to this, soil fertility slowly diminishes making it saline and non-suitable for agricultural or and any other vegetation to survive. Moreover, the microbes in soil like fungi and bacteria which can have profound effects on its microbiology and biochemistry may also receive adverse impacts due to pollutants and contaminates through effects like toxicity. Certain alterations in soils' nature may result into physical and structural changes like variation in bonding properties of soils, cohesiveness, permeability, porosity, plasticity etc. This can result in to undesirable effects like excessive erosion, seepages, infiltration. Further, death of many useful organisms in the soil (e.g. earthworms) cancreate troubles w.r.t. soils' fertility and productivity. As already stated in earlier section, if raw effluent is discharged on land, acidic or alkaline pH, high TDS concentrations and organic matter contents could have detrimental effects like loss of nitrogen, increase in conductivity and salinity, reduced porosity etc. 4.3.6.1.Mitigation Measures

Ash shall be handled and collected through dedicated and automatic mechanical system

followed by storage in separate silos. Ash shall be sprayed with water to avoid its suspension during all the above processes. Finally, it shall be forwarded to brick manufacturers for final disposal.

Industrial effluent after proposed project shall be treated in an ETP of sugar factory that shall be duly upgraded. For domestic effluent, STP shall be installed while discarding existing septic tanks and soak pit systems. Condensate from MEE shall be treated into CPU and recycled into process.

Completely 'Zero Discharge' of spentwash from distillery shall be achieved through concentration in MEE followed by composting. Hence effect of this wastewater discharges, on soil and agricultural shall be nil.

4.3.7. Impact on Noise Levels The criteria on which noise impacts are analyzed depend upon the people who are being affected. Broadly, there are two types viz. people who are working near the source and the people who stay near the industry. People working near the source need risk criteria for hearing damage while the people who stay near the industry need annoyance and psychological damage as the criteria for noise level impact analysis. It is quite obvious that the acceptable noise level for the latter case is less than the former case. So, the noise impact analysis can be of two types namely (1) Noise impact analysis on working environment; and (2) Noise impact analysis on community. 1) Noise Impact Analysis on Working Environment For Noise Levels in the industrial unit, the potential noise generating sources are categorized under three major heads - noise from machinery, noise from sirens / work areas, noise from transportation. The total noise generated by operations of all equipment in the premises of all


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units in an Industrial Plant (from experience of existing unit) would be between 70 to 85 dB (A). Constant exposure to such level can result in damage to ear drums and loss of hearing, blood pressure levels, cardio-vascular disease and stress related heart problems among the workers. It may also disturb psychological condition of the workers. The actual resultant noise levels outside the factory will be much lesser in the ambient air after considering attenuation. Therefore, the impact of sugar factory, distillery and co-gen plant w.r.t. noise would be non-significant. The noise levels in work environment are compared with the standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA-USA), which in turn were enforced by Government of India through model rules framed under Factories’ Act. These standards were established with the emphasis on reducing hearing loss.

Table 4.8 Permissible Exposure In Case of Continuous Noise

Sr. No.

Total Time of Exposure (continuous or a number of short term exposures)

per Day, in hours

Sound Pressure dB (A)

Remarks

1. 8.00 90 1. No exposures in excess of dB (A) are permitted.

2. 6.00 92 2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower figure as indicated in column 2, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate scale.

3. 4.00 954. 3.00 975. 2.00 1006. 1.50 1027. 1.00 1058 0.75 1079. 0.50 11010. 0.25 115

2) Noise Impact Analysis on Community

Noise pattern from the source is computed with the help of following formula. Noise Level at distance r2 = (Noise level at distance r1) - 20 log (r2/r1)

The noise levels get reduced considerably in the range of 20-30% because of natural obstructions. The permissible noise levels, for different categories of area, as prescribed by MoEFCC are given in Table 4.8. The resultant noise levels at the receptor in different areas/zones are envisaged to be within permissible limits. If noise levels exceed the limit, people who stay near the industry get disturbed due to reasons like annoyance and psychological reasons. The present ambient noise monitored at all villages in the study area is within reasonable limits. The noise generated from an industry gets attenuated considerably


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because of natural barriers like walls, vegetation, houses etc. or gets deflected along the wind direction. Thus, it can be stated that noise impact due to the proposed activities in MLSCIL could be significant on working environment without control measures, while the noise impact on community would be negligible.

Table 4.9 Standards in Respect of Ambient Noise Levels

Sr. No.

Category of Area Limits in dB (A), Leq Day time

(6 AM to 10 PM) Night time

(10 PM to 6 AM)1. Industrial area 75 70 2. Commercial area 65 55 3. Residential area 55 45 4. Silence zone (Hospitals, Educational Institutes & Courts) 50 40

4.3.7.1.Mitigation Measures Proper oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance shall be carried out for machineries

and equipment to reduce the noise generation. Heavy duty muffler systems shall be employed for high noise generating equipment. Noise monitoring shall be done regularly in noise prone areas and within the industry

where workers will get exposed. Personal protective devices such as ear muffs, ear plugs, masks will be strictly enforced

for the workers engaged in high noise prone zones. For control of noise at source, steps shall be taken like - enclosing machine, reducing

vibrations in components by replacing metal parts with sound absorbing materials, isolating the work place containing noisy equipments, reducing height of fall bins, reinforcing sheet metal constructions by packets, reduce speed of conveyor belts, covering walls/ ceilings with sound absorbing materials, using sound absorbing screens, building sound proof control areas/ rest rooms etc. In short; insulation, isolation, separation techniques shall be implemented.

During each shift of 8 hours duration, maximum permissible limits of 115 dB (A) shall never be exceeded, in the work zone, even for a short duration.

The proposed plant will develop proper and adequate green belt which would attenuate noise intensity from the plant to surroundings and thus would prevent the noise pollution.

The Industry shall administer a 'Hearing Conservation Program' for workers exposed to high noise sources which shall include monitoring, notification, protection, training and record keeping for all employees in danger of exposure. The protocol shall comprise of following - 1. Monitoring shall include developing a sampling strategy to identify employees to be

included in the hearing conservation program. Each employee being monitored shall be notified of the results. Employees may observe the monitoring by the industry. The Industry shall establish and maintain an audiometric testing program that shall be performed by a qualified person at no cost to the employees.

2. Testing shall include baseline audiograms thereafter. The annual audiogram shall be evaluated for a standard threshold shift of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, or 4000 hertz (Hz) in either ear. Hearing protectors shall be provided by the Industry as part of the hearing conservation program.


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3. Training shall comprise of observing a training program in the use and care of hearing protectors for all employees who are exposed to an 8-h TWA ≥ 85 dB (A). The hearing protectors must attenuate 8-h TWA to at least 90 dB (A) and for employees with a standard threshold shift down to at least 85 dB (A). (TWA: time weighted average).

4. Record keeping will include maintaining audiometric test records by the Industry for the duration of the affected employment.

4.3.8. Impact of Vibration

Vibration is not expected during the industrial operation of MLSCIL. There would not be any vibration impact due to the proposed unit operation.

4.3.9. Impact on Land Use The proposed distillery project is going to be set-up in the premises of sugar factory and co-gen plant. Non-agricultural land has been acquired by the proponent for implementation of integrated project complex. Vacant land in premises of sugar factory shall be utilized for distillery activity. Hence no change in the land use pattern is expected. Therefore the impact on land use is non-significant. 4.3.10. Impact on Ecology and Bio-diversity Any unfavorable alteration in the quality of soil, water or air will lead the change in quality of habitat for plants and animals. This alteration may favor growth of some species and may reduce/eliminate others. The resilience to this change will depend on the extent of unfavorable change. Climate of the study area is normally dry and characterized by hot summer. Most of the area is rocky with part being plain and undulating. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), jowar (Sorghum vulgare), black gram (Vigna mungo) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum)are major crops grown in the area. Effect on Vegetation: In the case of proposed project, particulate emissions from boiler without APC / less efficient APC would be of concern. SPM forms coating on surface of leaves and retard photosynthetic activity of plants. It results in to hampering the plant growth and ultimately yield from the plant / crop gets affected. The plant growth and nutrient quality of plant products could get affected adversely. Also damage to plant tissues causing nicrosis and chlorosis of leaves may be a prominent effect. Due to deposition of particulates on tree leaves may change colour making it difficult for insects to get camouflage and hence the prey- predator relationship may get affected. Habitat Loss / Removal: In study area of 10 Km radius from Project Site, there is no presence of any Ecological Sensitive Zones, Reserved /Protected Forest /National Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuary. The study area represents semi-arid ecosystem with habitat types of agriculture, fallow land, barren land and human habitations. Although this region is not much diverse in terms of species or habitat richness, this ecosystem has its own importance.


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Contamination of Habitat: The study area represents agriculture, scrubs, and scattered trees and human habitations. If the effluent from industry is released into nearby stream which ultimately meet the Bori River, it may lead to Eutrophication which may disturb the entire water ecosystem. Eutrophication may kill number of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, phytoplanktons and zooplanktons species. This will lead to loss of biodiversity and species richness of the water body. 4.2.10.1 Mitigation Measures Proper landscaping shall be done Reducing noise levels by using acoustic enclosures, barriers, silencer for noisy

equipments. Dense green belt shall be developed along periphery of the premises. Roadside avenue plantation shall be implemented. Special care shall be taken during tree plantation to plant only suitable indigenous tree

species like Acacia, Palas, Neem, Awala, Vad, Pimpal etc. in large numbers and their care taken for at least first five years. Local people’s involvement in the activity is crucial.

Proper handling and disposal of fly ash at the industry site is very important. Otherwise, it would harm soil quality and fertility of nearby agriculture fields besides having negative impact on local habitats and biodiversity.

Spentwash shall not be stored for longer period on site. Spentwash leakages shall be avoided by proper handling mechanism. Awareness camps shall be conducted by Industry about local biodiversity and its

conservation measures. Opinion of local people, about their livelihood, local ecology, landuse change needs to be

taken into consideration at various stages of industry development. All developmental activities in and around the industries should be essentially eco-

friendly and sustainable for long term mutual benefits of the local people and the industry.

4.3.11. Impact due to Industrial Operations Involving Risk and Hazard

In an integrated sugar factory complex, there are number of areas where various operations and actions performed could lead to consequences involving risks & hazards. This section should receive careful consideration in identifying the particular impacts which may be due to number of reasons like – 1. Handling and storage of raw materials, by-products, products etc. 2. Primary and secondary manufacturing operations and running of equipment like boiler, turbine, fans, centrifuge etc. Identification of impacts in above areas and actions as well as mitigation measures towards same have been elaborated separately under Chapter – 7 on ‘Additional Studies’ where the section of ‘Risk Assessment’ under sector of sugar factory, co-gen plant and distillery has been dedicatedly dealt with.

4.3.12. Occupational Health and Safety The well being and safety of the employees has a direct bearing on the performance of the

project. Therefore, all the measures as envisaged in the risk analysis & HAZOP studies will be implemented with due care.


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All the employees will be provided with PPEs like safety helmets, goggles, face shields, heat resistance shoes, dust masks/ respirators, self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), breathing air masks etc.

Mock drills as per ‘On site Emergency Plan’ as approved by Chief Inspector of factories will be conducted for fire hydrant systems, fire fighting equipment. All the emergency systems shall be placed in good working condition. Same shall be made available during emergency conditions by adopting the effective preventive maintenance. Emergency preparedness of teams as per the onsite emergency plan shall be ensured by conducting the effective training through mock drills including evacuation plans.

The company shall make an agreement with the multi-specialty hospitals for medical checkups and emergency services and also with nearby companies for mutual aid during emergencies.

Inspection & breakdown maintenance of all the equipment including pollution control equipment shall be undertaken by proper work permit systems.

Health Check-up of Workers Industry shall under take pre-employment health check up followed by periodical health

checkup every year with special attention to occupational health hazards & shall be conducted for all the employees.

The following parameters shall be the part of pre-employment & annual periodical medical check-up. The company will outsource all the tests with the local hospitals.

Table 4.10 Test Details

No. Test Details (Physical Fitness Certificate)1 Pulse 2 Blood Pressure 3 Per Abdomen (PA) 4 Complete Blood Examination Hemoglobin% (Hb%), WBC, RBC, etc 5 Vision 6 Central Nervous System (CNS)7 Respiratory System-Lung Function (RS) 8 Cardio Vascular System (CVS)9 Electro Cardio Gram (ECG)10 Chest X-ray 11 Venereal Disease (VD) 12 Total Leucocyte Count (TC)13 Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)14 Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC)15 Complete Urine Examination [Physical / Chemical /Albumin, Sugar & Bile Salt etc.16 Ultrasound with Film for Kidney anomalies 17 Random Blood Sugar 18 Sputum for Acid Fast Bacillus (AFB for Tuberculosis)19 Lever Function Test


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4.3.13. Impact on Historical Places No historical place is within the study area and the impact is nil. 4.4 EVALUATION OF IMPACT Evaluations of impacts on the environmental parameters due to the proposed project of MLSCIL will be an important aspect to be studied. For evaluation of the impacts, Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) has been implemented. Description of same is presented in following paragraphs. 4.4.1 BATTELLE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION SYSTEM (BEES) Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) has been used for evaluation of impacts arising out of different project activities. The BEES is a simple yet very effective methodology for conducting environmental impact analysis. It is based on a hierarchical assessment of environmental quality indicators. The system incorporates classification consisting of four levels- Level I: Categories, Level II: Components, Level III: Parameters, and Level IV: Measurements

Each Category (Level I) is divided into several components, each Component (Level II) into several parameters, and each Parameter (Level III) into one or more measurements. The Environmental Evaluation System (EES) identifies a total of four (4) categories, twenty (20) components and eighty six (88) parameters. BEES assessment for environmental impacts due to the proposed activities of MLSCIL is based on commensurate "environmental impact units (EIU)". Two EIU scores are produced, one 'with' and another 'without' the proposed project activities. The difference between the two scores is a measure of the environmental impact. The scores are based on magnitude and importance of specific impacts. In addition to the EIU scores, the EES labels major adverse environmental impacts with a "red flag." These flags point to fragile elements of the environment, for which more detailed studies are warranted. Table 4.11 shows a complete list of categories, components, and parameters of the Battelle EES. Column 1 shows the four (4) categories, Column 2 shows the twenty (20) components, and Column 3 shows the eighty eight (88) parameters. The EES methodology is based on assigning importance unit to each of the parameters. Collectively, these "importance units" are referred to as "parameter importance units" or PIUs. Parameters have been assigned important weights by an interdisciplinary team of experts based on the ranked-pair wise comparison techniques. A total of 1000 PIUs are distributed among the 86 parameters based on value judgments. The individual PIUs are shown in Column 4 of Table 4.11, the summation component PIUs are shown in Column 5, and the summation category PIUs are shown in Column 6. Effectively, for each parameter i, its (PIU)i represents a weight wi


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Each PIUi or wi requires a specific quantitative measurement. The methodology converts different measurements into common units by means of a scalar or "value function." A scalar has the specific measurement on x-axis and a common environmental quality scale or "value" on the y-axis. The latter varies in the range 0 ≤ Vi ≤ 1. A value of Vi = 0 indicates very poor quality, while Vi = 1 indicates very good quality. Values of Vi = Vi, 0 are obtained for conditions 'without' the project, and Vi = Vi, 1 for conditions 'with' the project. The condition 'without' the project represents the current condition, while that 'with' the project represents the predicted future condition. The environmental impact EIis evaluated as follows:

EI = ∑ [ Vi,1wi ] - ∑ [ Vi,0wi ]for i = 1 to n, where n = number of parameters (88). For EI> 0, the situation 'with' the project will better than 'without' the project, indicating that the project has positive environmental benefits. Conversely, for EI< 0, the situation 'with' the project is worse than 'without' the project, indicating that the project has negative environmental benefits, i.e. certain negative impacts. A large negative value of EI indicates the existence of substantial negative impacts. The assigned weights or PIU's represent the relative importance of each parameter within the overall system. Once established, they should be kept constant; otherwise, the environmental impact assessment would be difficult to replicate. The potential problem areas are represented by those parameters for which the Vi value changes significantly in the adverse direction, as measured by the following relation (in percent)-

ΔVi (%) = 100 (Vi,0 - Vi,1) / Vi, 0 These parameters are tagged with 'red flags' to indicate potential problems which may warrant more detailed attention. For parameters in the ecology category, a minor red flag applies when 5% <ΔVi< 10%; a major red flag when ΔVi> 10%. In all other categories, a minor red flag applies when ΔVi< 30% whereas a major red flag when ΔVi ≥ 30%. The EES can be applied for the evaluation of project impacts, to select specific alternatives, or during the planning process to minimize potential adverse impacts of proposed projects. In the latter case, a feedback loop is used to continually modify the proposed project through successive iterations. Projects developed with the help of EES are expected not only to minimize environmental impacts, but also help improve selected portions of the environment 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION FOR MLSCIL DISTILLERY Environmental quality assessment for the proposed project of MLSCIL has been undertaken through evaluation of relevant environmental parameters. These parameters represent various components and categories of environment namely- 1. Biological Environment

2. Environmental Pollution

Water Air Soil Noise

3. Aesthetics


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4. Human Interest Functional relationship (value functions) has been developed for each of the selected parameter, resulting in parameter measurement with environmental quality. The allocation of PIUs, among the selected environmental parameters, represents a consequence of opinion of members of an interdisciplinary team of experts. Accordingly, the major environmental categories i.e. biological environment, environmental pollution, aesthetics and human interests are allocated 240, 402, 158 and 200 PIUs respectively, out of total of 1,000 units. The exhaustive list of parameters and associated PIUs used for impact assessment of proposed Distillery of MLSCIL are presented in Table 4.11. Though the BEES are considered to be the best available environmental evaluation technique, conflicting conclusions among decision makers could arise in the interpretation of evaluated results. The primary factors giving rise to such difference in opinion are at uncertainty and subjectivity in the allocation of PIUs to different environmental parameters and uncertainty caused by the aggregation of individual parameter scores to yield the final project score under different project impact scenarios. It is therefore, necessary to take into account such variability and uncertainty while inferring the impact of a development project on the surrounding environment. In order to study the influence of variation of PIU allocation on project evaluation, sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the PIUs for all environmental categories from 0 to 1000 with step size of 50 units. While performing the sensitivity analysis, the aggregate of PIUs allocated among these categories was kept fixed at 1000 units. This gave rise to numerous environmentally beneficial, indifferent or adverse decisions. 4.5.1 Biological Environment A well planned tree plantation program would be undertaken by the project proponents in proposed Distillery premises in a phase wise manner. Plantation would be done in accordance with CPCB guidelines. 4.5.1.1 Terrestrial Environment a) Natural Vegetation The area around the factory consisted of agriculture land mostly comprised of crops namely pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), jowar (Sorghum vulgare), black gram (Vigna mungo) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum) as well as watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The crops grown in the area are mostly rain-fed crops. In the acquired area, some land levelling shall be done by the proponents. There are no trees to be cut for the proposed activities. Green belt development on the 35% of total plot area would be implemented as per the guidelines of MoEFCC and as per the plan mentioned. Apart from this green belt development, open areas around the offices & buildings would be covered with the grasses, shrubs & plants for landscaping. Outskirts of the area would be planted with fast growing trees as indicated in the Environmental Management Plan. Solid waste dump area would be fenced & covered with shrubby vegetation. In totality, green belt development on the acquired area would imply positive benefits in terms of the extensive green belt development & proper planning of same as indicated in a separate chapter on the green belt development plan.


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b) Crops In the study area, under 10 Km radius from the proposed units, sugar cane is commonly and mostly cultivated. In some cases crops like Jowar, Sugarcane, Wheat, Pigeon pea, Maize, vegetables and cotton. The project would not have any significant negative impact on crops. The concentrated spentwash under proposed distillery would be used for bio-composting. c) Species Diversity No endangered species are found in the area. Certain endemic tree species to Western Ghats is found in the study area. No negative impacts are envisaged due to the proposed project. However, plantation of variety of the species, as induced in the Environmental Management Plan, would improve the ecosystem of the area. This will improve the ecosystem marginally. d) Food & Web Index As area would not have any negative impact, no impact on food & web cycle is expected. However, due to afforestation plan in the acquired area, improvement in the food web index is expected. e) Rare & Endangered Species As per gazetteer no rare species are found in the study area but seven endangered species are found in the study area. Plant Species like Pimpal, Neem, Wad, Vedi Babhul, Shewga, Subabul plant species found in the study area. These are normal species found in the Maharashtra Zone. Negative impact on these species is not expected. Green belt development plan, as per the EMP, would increase the number of various plant species in the acquired area. ii) Animal Species Animal species found in the area are Indian Wolf, Jackal, Black Buck, Indian Gazelle, Bonnet Macaque, Flying Fox, Indian Palm Squirrel, Wild Boar, Langur, etc. found. Bird species such as Indian Peafowl, House Sparrow, Grey Francolin, Rock bush Quail, Black Kite, etc. are found. Indian Rat Snake, Spectacled Cobra, Common Indian Krait, Saw-scaled Viper, Russel’s Viper, Garden lizard also found to be present in study area.

f) Pest Species No major pest or parasitic species are found in the area. No negative or positive impact on same is expected. 4.5.1.2 Aquatic Environment 1. Natural Vegetation The existing quality of natural vegetation is good. No aquatic weeds are observed in the surface waters.


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2. Species Diversity There are no rare and endangered aquatic species reported in the study area. Hence, no changes in these parameters are anticipated. As the proposed distillery effluent would not be discharged directly to any water body, the species diversity, any plant or animal species will not get affected. But accidental releases of spentwash in Bori river may affect the water quality and soil. 3. Food & Web Index

Accidental discharge of spentwash if any would affect the feeding and breeding grounds of aquatic diversity. 4. Rare & Endangered Species No rare & endangered aquatic species are present in the study area. No positive or negative impact is expected on these species. 4.5.2 Environmental Pollution Parameters for the above-mentioned category are divided into four parts as Water Soil Air Noise Impacts of the proposed molasses based distillery on these components are summarized below & presented in Table: 4.5.2.1 Water Major parameters, which represent the water environment are BOD, Total Dissolved Solids, COD & pH. In case of Distillery effluent the factors like odour and colour are also of importance. Industrial effluent generated by the proposed activities would comprise of various streams namely the process effluents and effluents arising out of other activities namely cooling and boiler blow downs, washing, laboratory etc. The concentrated spentwash to the tune of 200 CMD (@ 4.4 KL/KL of Alcohol) shall be forwarded for bio-composting with filler material such as press mud, boiler ash and yeast sludge. MEE condensate (130 CMD), spent lees (90 CMD), cooling blow down (5) Lab & Washing (5 CMD) shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU. 4.5.2.2 Soil As NPK values of soils are adequate at most of the places in study area, good crops are grown without much use of chemical fertilizers. In case of the study area, the soil chemistry will not change because there are no any emissions from the proposed project which shall have adverse impact on the soil quality. In totality, negative impact on soil chemistry of the premises as well as that of the study area is not expected. Spentwash generated shall be incinerated in proposed incinerator boiler.


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a. Land Use Pattern No changes in the land use pattern of the acquired area are expected. The study area would not have any positive or negative impact, on the land use pattern because of the proposed project. b. Soil Chemistry The chief soil found in the study region is very deep, well drained, fine, calcareous soils on very gently sloping lands with means and buttes with moderate erosion; associated with shallow well drained, clayey soils with moderate erosion and moderately saline. Also the study area consist of shallow, well drained, clayey soils on gently sloping lands with mesas and buttes with moderate erosion and slight stoniness. Moreover, around the bank of Bori River in the study area. Moderately deep, well drained, clayey, calcareous soils on very gently clopping plain with moderate erosion; associated with very deep, well drained soil is found. c. Soil Erosion

Development of the green belt plan as per the EMP would also prevent the soil erosion from the project premises. Also, grassland on the open lands shall help arresting the erosion of soil. Thus, there will not be any soil erosion from the acquired area. 4.5.2.3 Air The steam required for the proposed distillery would be taken from existing 50 TPH and 30 TPH boiler. The existing boilers are provided with a common stack of 65 M followed by wet scrubber as APC equipment. Process emissions from the distillery would be CO2 and water vapours. Due care at the proposed distillery project shall be taken to prevent violation of law. The PM10, PM2.5 & SO2 monitored at the site show values of 60.02 g/M3, 17.32 g/M3 and 14.75 g/M3 respectively. These are well within the limits specified by MPCB/ CPCB. The degradation of the air environment would be prevented by incorporating actions suggested in the EMP & along with implementation of the green belt development plan. 4.5.2.4 Noise The source of noise generation would be the cane carrier, mills, pumps, compressors, and boiler house, distillation column as well as stand by D.G. Set. However, D.G. set would not be the continuous source. Only in case of electricity failure, D.G. Set would be operated. D.G. Set shall be enclosed in a separate canopy to reduce the noise levels. Prevention of noise with the plan suggested in EMP would suffice the control of noise pollution

4.5.2.5 Vibration No major source of vibration is present.


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4.5.3 Aesthetics 4.5.3.1 Topographical Character a. Landscape Topography and landscape of the area are overall flat. Small changes would occur in the form of general levelling & digging for the construction purpose. The debris arising from the construction would be utilized for filing of low-lying area, if any. Thus, even if some changes may occur in the topography of the area it would bring out positive impact in the form of levelling & landscaping. b. Green belt Natural vegetation and its diversity will increase due to green belt development. c. Visual quality of air There will not be any effect on the visual quality of the air in light of round the clock operation of Wet scrubber provided to existing boilers. d. Visual quality of water There will not be any effect on visual quality of the water body present in the study area. Effluent from proposed activities would be taken to Effluent Treatment Facility to be provided on site for its proper treatment. Treated effluent from sugar factory would be used for gardening in own factory premises as well as for irrigation. e. Sound There might be small increase in noise levels around the factory premises. This can be taken care by implementation of good green belt development plan as suggested in EMP. 4.5.4 Human Interest The proposed distillery will provide employment to the nearby locality, inducing the positive effect through primary and secondary jobs. a. Community health The project would not have any impact on the sanitation facility. Additional water would be required for domestic purpose in distillery as the same will be taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. Hence, sanitation in the study area as well as acquired area would not have any positive or negative impact. b. Employment

The skilled labours’ and officers’ @ 70 nos. will be required for the proposed project. The same would be made available from the local area as well as from outside. Out of this total 70 labours, 40 nos. will be unskilled whereas and 30 nos. will be skilled. Preference would be given, for the job opportunities, to those labours that are residing nearby. Thus there would be marginal increase in the employment at local level.


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c. Economy As the project requires unskilled labours, the economic growth in the study area is bound to increase. Totally, economic growth would undergo positive impact. The small contract jobs at local level would improve the economy at the micro level. d. Transportation & communication Due to daily production of alcohol & dispatch as well as transportation of sugar cane & other raw materials, transportation in the study area is bound to be increased. As the project would require transportation of raw materials & products, mostly the local transporters would be benefited because of this project. More loads on communication network are not expected. These trucks shall be hired from local transport offices. Therefore, there shall not be any major impact on existing traffic density. e. Education

The educational facilities up to higher secondary school are present in nearby town. f. Water supply

The source of water for proposed distillery would be Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara.

g. Occupational health

The regular health checkup facility & programs would be carried in the proposed project for workers. The company would imply measures suggested in the EMP. No major occupational health problem is anticipated by the proposed project. Following measures shall be taken up by the Industry- As per the requirement of Factory Act, provision of Occupational Health Center shall be

done on site. An ambulance shall be made available all the time i.e. 24X7. Regular medical check-up of employees shall be carried out and records shall be

maintained. Workmen Compensation Policy as well as Medi-claim Health Policy shall be done for all

the workers (temporary and permanent) in the Industry and shall be renewed every year. Workers shall be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments (PPEs) such as ear plug,

helmet, safety shoes, gloves, goggles etc. Table 4.11 Application of BEES for Impact Evaluation due to MLSCIL, Satara

Categories Components Parameters Parameter Importance Units

(PIUs) V i,0

Without

Project

V i,1

With

Project

ΔVi W iΔVi

Parameter PI\Wi

Component PIUs

Category PIUs

1 2 3 4 5 = Sum of 4 6=Sum of 5 7 8 9= 8-7 10 = 9X4 Biological

Environment (Ecology)

Species & Populations (Terrestrial Flora, Terrestrial Fauna,

1. Terrestrial browsers & grazers

14 240 0.5 0.5 0 0

2. Terrestrial crops (Farm Land)

14 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.4


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Categories Components Parameters Parameter Importance Units (PIUs)

V i,0

Without

Project

V i,1

With

Project

ΔVi W iΔVi

Parameter PI\Wi

Component PIUs

Category PIUs

1 2 3 4 5 = Sum of 4 6=Sum of 5 7 8 9= 8-7 10 = 9X4 Aquatic Biota) 3. Terrestrial

natural vegetation. (Grass, Flowers,Trees &Shrubs.)

14 0.6 0.7 0.1 1.4

4. Terrestrial pest species

14 0.6 0.6 0 0

5. Terrestrial upland birds

14 1.0 1.0 0 0

6. Aquatic commercial fisheries.

14 0.7 0.7 0 0

7. Aquatic natural vegetation

14 0.5 0.5 0 0

8. Aquatic pest species

14 0.6 0.6 0 0

9. Fish 14 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -1.4 10. Water fowl 14 140 0.7 0.7 0 0

Habitats & Communities

11. Terrestrial food web index

08 0.8 0.8 0 0

12. Land use 15 0.6 0.6 0 0 13. Terrestrial

rare and endangered species.

08 0.3 0.3 0 0

14. Terrestrial species diversity

08 0.8 0.8 0 0

15. Aquatic food web index

10 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -1

16. Aquatic rare & endangered species

08 0.5 0.5 0 0

17. River characteristics

15 0.5 0.5 0 0

18. Aquatic species diversity

12 0.6 0.6 0 0

19. Habitat Removal,

Contamination of Habitat (Aquatic Biota)

08 0.7 0.7 0 0

20. Terrestrial Fauna -Fragmentation of Terrestrial Habitat

08 100 0.6 0.6 0 0


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V i,0

Without

Project

V i,1

With

Project

ΔVi W iΔVi

Parameter PI\Wi

Component PIUs

Category PIUs

1 2 3 4 5 = Sum of 4 6=Sum of 5 7 8 9= 8-7 10 = 9X4 Environmental Pollution

Water 21. Basin hydrologic loss

(alteration of hydraulic regime, alteration of surface runoff, alteration of aquifers)

25 402 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -2.5

22. BOD(Water Quality-WQ)

28 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -2.5

23. Dissolved Oxygen (WQ)

31 0.8 0.8 0 0

24. Fecal Coliforms (WQ)

10 0.6 0.6 0 0

25. Inorganic carbon(WQ)

22 0.6 0.6 0 0

26. Inorganic nitrogen (WQ)

25 0.6 0.6 0 0

27. Inorganic phosphate(WQ)

28 0.6 0.6 0 0

28. Pesticides(WQ) 10 0.3 0.3 0 0 29. pH (WQ) 22 1.0 1.0 0 0 30. Stream flow

variation (alteration of river, nalla, channel)

28 0.8 0.8 0 0

31. Temperature. 28 1.0 1.0 0 0 32. TDS(WQ) 28 0.8 0.8 0 0 33. Toxic

substances (WQ)

7 0.7 0.7 0 0

34. Turbidity (WQ) 20 312 0.6 0.6 0 0 Air 35. Carbon dioxide

Air Quality(AQ) 10 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -1.0

36. Hydrocarbons (AQ)

5 0.8 0.8 0 0

37. Nitrogen oxides(AQ)

7 0.8 0.8 0 0

38. Particulate matter(AQ)

14 0.6 0.6 0 0

39. Photochemical oxidants (AQ)

3 1.0 1.0 0 0

40. Sulfur dioxide (AQ)

10 0.6 0.6 0 0

41. Other(Climate) 3 52 1.0 1.0 0 0 Land (Soil)

42. Land use 8 0.6 0.8 0.2 1.6 43. Soil erosion 4 0.8 0.8 0 0


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V i,0

Without

Project

V i,1

With

Project

ΔVi W iΔVi

Parameter PI\Wi

Component PIUs

Category PIUs

1 2 3 4 5 = Sum of 4 6=Sum of 5 7 8 9= 8-7 10 = 9X4 44. Soil

Contamination 8 0.8 0.8 0 0

45. Soil Quality 8 28 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.8 Noise 46. Noise 10 10 0.8 0.8 0 0

Aesthetics Cultural

Land

47. Surface material

6 158

0.8 0.9 0.1 0.6

48. Relief and topographic character

16 1.0 1.0 0 0

49. Width and alignment

10 32 0.8 0.8 0 0

Air 50. Odor and visual

3 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -0.3

51. Sounds 2 5 0.8 0.8 0 0 Water 52. Appearance 16 1.0 1.0 0 0

53. Land and water interface

16 1.0 1.0 0 0

54. Odor and floating materials

10 0.8 0.8 0 0

55. Water surface area

10 1.0 1.0 0 0

56. Wooded and geologic shoreline

10 62 0.8 0.8 0 0

Biota 57. Animals- domestic

5 1.0 1.0 0 0

58. Animals – wild 5 0.6 0.6 0 0 59. Diversity of

vegetation types

12 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.2

60. Variety within vegetation types

8 30 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.8

Manmade Objects

61. Manmade objects

9 9 0.8 0.8 0 0

Composition 62. Composite effect

10 0.7 0.7 0 0

63. Unique composition

10 20 1.0 1.0 0 0

Human Interest (Social, Cultural)

Educational / Scientific Packages

64. Archaeological 6 200 1.0 1.0 0 0 65. Training in

new technologies & skill development

7 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.7

66. Ecological Effects on crops,

12 0.8 0.9 0.1 1.2


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V i,0

Without

Project

V i,1

With

Project

ΔVi W iΔVi

Parameter PI\Wi

Component PIUs

Category PIUs

1 2 3 4 5 = Sum of 4 6=Sum of 5 7 8 9= 8-7 10 = 9X4 Reduction of farm land

67. Geological 11 1.0 1.0 0 0 68. Hydrological 12 48 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.2

Historical Packages

(Infrastructure and services)

69. Architecture and styles

5 1.0 1.0 0 0

70. Conflicts with projects of urban, commercial or industrial development

10 0.9 0.9 0 0

71. Events Recreation

10 1.0 1.0 0 0

72. Persons 12 1.0 1.0 0 0 73. Religions and

Cultures 10 1.0 1.0 0 0

74. Western frontier

8 55 1.0 1.0 0 0

Cultures 75. Indians 13 1.0 1.0 0 0 76. Other ethnic

groups 5 1.0 1.0 0 0

77. Religious groups

5 23 1.0 1.0 0 0

Mood/Atmosphere

78. Awe-Inspiration

8 1.0 1.0 0 0

79. Isolation / solitude

8 1.0 1.0 0 0

80. Mystery 4 1.0 1.0 0 0 81. Oneness with

nature 8 28 1.0 1.0 0 0

Security and Safety

82. Increase in crime and accidents caused

5 0.5 0.5 0 0

Health 83. Temporary acute and chronic

5 0.7 0.7 0 0

Life Patterns (Economy)

84. Employment opportunities

(Creation of new economic activities. Generation of Temporary & Permanent Jobs)

13 0.7 0.9 0.2 2.6

85. Income for state & private sector.

8 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.8


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V i,0

Without

Project

V i,1

With

Project

ΔVi W iΔVi

Parameter PI\Wi

Component PIUs

Category PIUs

1 2 3 4 5 = Sum of 4 6=Sum of 5 7 8 9= 8-7 10 = 9X4 86. Saving for

consumers and private consumers Savings in foreign currency for the state.

5 0.6 0.6 0 0

87. Housing. (Commercial value of properties, Electricity tariff)

5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.5

88. Social interactions

(Conflict due to negotiations & / or compensation payments, Political conflicts, Demonstration and Social Conflicts.

5 46 0.6 0.6 0 0

The Battelle EES Environmental Impact Analysis Cumulative Index Ei +6.1

Table 4.12 Identification of RED Flags to the Potential Problem Areas In BEES for MLSCIL

Parameters PIUs W i

V i,0

Without Project V i,1

With Project ΔVi ΔVi, r # Red Flag

1 2 3 4 5 =4-3 6=5/3 X 100 7 9. Fish 14 0.6 0.5 - 0.1 - 16 Minor 15 Aquatic food web index 10 0.7 0.6 -0.1 - 14 Minor 21. Basin Hydrologic Loss 25 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -16 Minor 22. BOD 28 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -16 Minor 35. Carbon Dioxide 10 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -13 Minor 50.Odor& Visual 3 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -14 Minor # - In the Battelle EES, the potential problem areas are represented by those parameters for which the Vi value changes significantly in adverse direction, as measured by the relation (negative values, in percent) - ΔVi, r = 100 [V i,1 - V i,0] / V i,0. These parameters are tagged with 'red flags' to indicate potential problems which may warrant more detailed attention. For parameters in the ecology category, a minor red flag applies when 5% <ΔVi,r ≤ 10%, and a major red flag when ΔVi,r> 10 %. In all other categories, a minor red flag applies when ΔVi,r ≤ 30% or ΔVi ≤ 0.1, and a major red flag when ΔVi,r> 30% or ΔVi> 0.1.


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4.6 THE MITIGATION MEASURES The potential problem areas mentioned in above Table 4.12 shall be having adverse impact due to the various project activities. The mitigation measures to minimize the impact on different parameters are presented below-

1. Basin Hydrologic Loss

The integrated MLSCIL complex comprises of existing sugar factory (3,500 TCD) and Co-gen plant (10 MW) which require 2151 M3/Day of water for various manufacturing processes & operations. Further, for the proposed 45 KLPD molasses based distillery; total water requirement is about 439 M3/Day. The fresh water for MLSCIL project complex is taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. If continuous water is taken for entire crushing season of about 180 days, as much as 27,072 M3/Season of fresh water will be depleted from reservoir. For non-crushing season fresh water requirement for co-gen and distillery would be 53,820 M3/Season. Thus, totally 80,892 M3 of fresh water shall be consumed during every season. This in turn is considerable quantity of fresh water which could serve other important & priority purposes like drinking, irrigation, fishery etc. Utilization of such huge fresh water would result into severe basin hydrologic loss imparting negative impact of MLSCIL on Environment.

To avoid this, in both sugar factory & distillery projects of MLSCIL have planned for implementation of reduce – reuse – recycle principle. There under. during crushing season 2001.6 M3/day of fresh water requirement from existing and sugar factory shall be met from cane condensate water, and treated water from STP. This means about 93% of fresh water under existing sugar and co-gen shall be met from recycle water. Considering proposed distillery (during crushing season), about 434 M3/day from proposed distillery shall be met from recycle of sugar factory condensate water, CPU treated water and treated water from distillery. This means as much as 99.7% i.e. 100 % shall be recycled water. In other words, this much quantity of fresh water is saved which is a very positive impact on conserving the precious natural resource - Fresh water.

2. B.O.D.

Through the manufacturing operations in proposed molasses based distillery, various streams of effluent shall be generated. The same shall comprise of spent wash as the main process waste water. Also, streams namely spent lees; boiler and cooling tower blow downs, floor washing as well as lab effluent shall be other types of effluents. The resultant combined waste water from other streams than the spentwash shall exhibit characteristics such as BOD of 800-1,000 mg/l, COD of about 1,600-2,000 mg/l, SS of about 200 mg/l, TDS of 1,800-2,000 mg/l. The BOD is mainly imparted due to organic matter in the effluent stream. This wastewater, if let out in the environment without any treatment, shall cause deleterious effects such as depletion of DO in receiving water bodies. To avoid this, the wastewater from proposed distillery shall be treated in proposed CPU. Therein, the effluent stream shall be given in primary, secondary and tertiary treatments so as to bring the different characteristics of effluent within norms stipulated by MPCB / MoEFCC. The spentwash, on the other hand, shall be treated and disposed off through MEE concentration followed by biocomposting.


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3. CO2

The CO2 generation shall take place in fermenters of the proposed distillery. In a fermenter, sugar in the wash gets converted to ethyl alcohol through metabolic activities of yeast. Consequently, CO2 in evolved as emission of the bio-chemical reaction. The generation of CO2 takes place in considerable quantum which when let out in the atmosphere could have undesirable effects in the surrounding ambience. Since CO2 has been labelled as one of the major gases responsible for the green-house effect, its release in the atmosphere has to be properly controlled. Under the proposed project, this CO2 from fermenters shall be let out for a certain period initially. To minimize the CO2 effects marginally, a care shall be taken through implementation of the green belt which can play an important role in curbing its release to atmosphere, from the premises. However, there is a future planning (within an year or so) to collect the CO2 properly, compress it adequately and bottle subsequently. The CO2 cylinders shall then be supplied to manufacturers of beverages. This approach shall totally curb the release of CO2 in distillery premises.

4. Odour and Visual

This parameter comes under ‘Aesthetics’ category of BEES. The odor potential, although not much, do exists at certain places especially at the fermenters, yeast sludge separation and storage areas etc. The same if not lifted immediately within 5 to 6 hours of generation, fermentation reactions would set in giving rise to foul smell. Further, development of anaerobic conditions in the equalization tank of ETP due to inadequate mixing and agitation as well as decomposition of sludge could give rise to smell nuisance. The visual appearance is again a major concern related to aesthetics which could be tackled only through BMP’s and good house-keeping. Under the proposed molasses based distillery, effective EMP will be adopted so as to maintain the overall aesthetics in good manner. Also, to maintain an overall good and pleasant aesthetics in the distillery premises, all the requisite care including maintaining good housekeeping shall be practiced.

4.7 IMPACTS DUE TO DECOMISSIONING ACTIVITY 4.7.1 Decommissioning Phase Decommissioning is defined as the procedure to make the equipment, pipeline, or manufacturing setup unfit for reuse for its designed function. This is done by cutting the components into small pieces or demolishing of buildings or disconnecting all circuits and removing of all infrastructure making them unusable. Here, when the plan of decommissioning of plant would confirmed, initially site survey would be conducted and the necessary utilities will be enlisted for decommissioning of following infrastructure in MLSCIL– 1. In MLSCIL complex there are buildings such as - administration building, residential

colony, security office, Sugar godowns, Colony buildings, factory building, Common Stack (65 M) of boiler etc are RCC structures.

2. SS tanks of alcohol storage tanks. 3. SS tanks of molasses. 4. Distillery frame fabricated structure, distillation column, fermentation vessels. 5. Rest would be utility like boiler, cooling tower, ETP, weigh bridge, D.G. room etc.


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For demolishing of RCC structure blasting is not recommended as the site is surrounded by school and some residential houses. Same work would be done manually. Fabricated structure would be dismantled by cutting the metal components. Inventory of left over chemicals after shutdown would be done. These chemicals would be sold to outside parties. This would be done for safe disposal of used chemicals from the industry. The necessary equipments and trained manpower would be hired to dismantle above mentioned structures. The decommissioning would be done by detoxification followed by dismantling activity. These procedures are described below. 4.7.1.1 Detoxification For detoxification of tanks, pans, centrifuges, distillation columns, fermenters, following in-situ methods are suggested - a. Hot Water/ Air Purging: Hot air /water shall be purged through the units until specified

criteria are met. b. Alkali Wash: The equipment and pipelines are subjected to thorough alkali solution wash,

with specific criteria for the completion of the wash. The alkali solution shall be 5% to 10% of NaOH.

c. Water Wash: Finally a thorough water wash of the equipment and pipelines is recommended, before they are dismantled from their supports.

The used water shall be diverted to ETP for its treatment and safe disposal.

4.7.1.2 Dismantling "Decommissioning" is a procedure to make an equipment or manufacturing setup unfit for its reuse for its designed function. This could be done by cutting project components into small pieces, demolition of buildings, disconnecting circuits and removing of all infrastructure set up thereby making it unusable. All the equipment, pipelines and structural components shall be dismantled only after in-situ detoxification has been carried out as specified above. The pipelines would be dismantled first followed by the equipment and finally by the structure. The dismantling of the units will begin from the topmost floor and proceed towards the ground floor. Large equipment shall be dismantled in sections wherever possible. The dismantled metal components would be disposed off by sale to authorized parties. Demolition of RCC buildings would be done manually and debris generated would be used for filling low lying areas. The structures constructed by cement, concrete such as godowns, buildings would be demolished and debris material used for land filling in spentwash tanks area. Hereunder, impacts of decommissioning have been described.

Table 4.13 Identification of Impacts due to Decommissioning of MLSCIL

No. Env. Aspect Activities /Operation Impact Identification Measures 1. Land Use Dismantling and

decommissioning of industrial set up.

The land will be barren and vacant after decommissioning

Existing project being agro-based, post decommissioning

--


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No. Env. Aspect Activities /Operation Impact Identification Measures use would be residential or agriculture.

2. Air Cutting, demolition and dismantling operations.

Transportation.

Release of fumes of acid/ alkali during washing

Fugitive dust during demolition of building & transportation.

Water sprinkling to suppress dust during demolition work.

3. Water Washing of manufacturing equipment, mills, pans, centrifuges, pipelines, fermenters, distillation infrastructure, tanks etc. during detoxification

Washing discharges getting access into nearby nallah under uncontrolled operational conditions.

Washing discharges to ETP; treatment & disposal through same outside industrial premises after achieving specified standards. Demolition of ETP shall be last activity.

4. Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste

Cutting wastes, scrap, demolition wastes etc.

Oils and lubricants removed from equipment

Littering of wastes Bad aesthetics

Solid wastes generated would be sold to authorized re-processor. Demolition waste to landfill.

5. Noise Cutting and drilling activities during decommissioning

Dismantling of heavy machinery & equipment, fermenters, distillation column, turbines, boilers etc.

Increase in noise levels during decommissioning.

PPEs to manpower involved in decommissioning and safety measures to will be followed.

6. Risk & Hazard

Dismantling & decommissioning of equipments & buildings.

Accidents, spillage of molasses, alcohols, spentwash etc., storage tanks detoxification, storage tanks dismantling.

Use of PPEs, expert and experienced supervision, due follow up of safety norms & procedures.

Chapter 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES…5

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5.1 INTRODUCTION While preparation of Final EIA report, it is necessary that one should consider project alternatives and their relative potential impacts on the environment. Selection of alternative is thus more critical in an industrial development where time, money, environment and natural resources are at stake. Hence, selection of alternative must be both practical and rational, taking into consideration the constraint of the proposed project. 5.2 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES 5.2.1 Fermentation Technology The manufacture of alcohol basically involves fermentation of substrate containing sugar material such as molasses and sugar cane juice. The fermentation processes are classified as batch and continuous. MLSCIL shall adopt continuous fermentation process. This shall improve the operating parameters of the plant interims of high fermentation efficiency, higher alcohol percent and higher consistency of the performance parameters over longer period. Most of the modern ethanol production plants adopt this fermentation technology. The fermentation process would employs a special yeast culture and yeast management system, which can withstand variations in the molasses quality, temperature and other shock loads. Fermentation plant would consist of three numbers fermentors with all the accessories like Level controller, automatic pH monitoring system, Plate Heat Exchangers for cooling, Air spargers, Broth mixers, Agitators and Air blowers etc. Hence, it would give a tremendous advantage in maintaining the yeast population and in combating the bacterial infection. Molasses after weighing is diluted to an appropriate sugar concentration while pumping through Molasses Broth Mixer into the Fermentor. To help the fermentation sustain the assailable nitrogen would be added in the medium in the form of Urea and DAP as required. Temperature in the fermentors would be maintained to an optimum level as required for efficient reaction with the help of Plate Heat Exchanger and recirculation pumping system. This recirculation will also help in proper mixing of fermented wash. Air blower would be provided to supply the necessary oxygen required for the yeast. 5.2.2 Distillation Process Fermented wash is distilled through a number of distillation columns and the alcohol present in it is separated. In conventional process distillation was carried out at atmospheric pressure. In modern process, the distillation is carried out under vacuum and at different pressures. Thereby, the steam and power consumption in the process has considerably reduced. Following are the advantages of Multi-pressure Vacuum Distillation- Analyzer column operates under vacuum due to which formation of by-products such as

acetal gets minimized thereby improving quality of finished product i.e. alcohol. Analyzer column with Hyper – state trays ensure high turbulence on tray, this minimizes

chances of scaling. Also, this special construction of trays and access to each tray helps in easier maintenance of column internals.


150

Pre-Rectification column ensures proper removal of Sulphur compounds/mercaptans for ensuring a good odour to alcohol. This column also reduces the load of lower boiling volatile compounds passing on to rectifier cum exhaust column.

The vacuum distillation requires 50% less steam compared to conventional old distillation technologies. The vacuum distillation consists of distillation columns with high efficiency column trays, condensers reboilers, vacuum pumps and reflux pumps.

Vacuum distillation system requires low steam consumption i.e. 1.8 kg/lit. of total alcohol of EQRS quality as against 2.0 kg/lit – 2.2 kg/lit of total alcohol of normal quality in atmospheric distillation.

In this vacuum distillation process, alcohol is separated and concentrated using principle of fractional distillation.

System designed for maximum heat integration for optimum utilization of energy. Minimum no of condensers. Forced circulation multi – pass condensers with optimum

tube side velocities. Use of Term siphon re-boilers in Analyzer column helps in maintaining uniform

temperature profile across the column. Also avoid excess spent wash volume generation. Energy saving by recovery of Steam condensate from Thermo siphon re–boiler of analyzer

column.

Hence, MLSCIL has selected Continuous Fermentation Technology with closed Multi Pressure Vacuum Distillation process for production of alcohol. 5.2.3 Sugar Factory The technological process of sugar manufacturing, involving the techniques of cane crushing and juice crystallization, has undergone radical change with developments in the field of science and technology. The techniques of cane crushing and juice crystallization used till date is of Indian origin and traditional in character. The same traditional technique is being practiced for manufacturing of sugar. 5.2.4 Co-gen Plant

Sugar cane is crushed in the milling tandem, after crushing, Bagasse is produced. The only way to use the bagasse effectively is to consume it by using as fuel in the boiler to generate steam. The generated steam is used for moving the power turbine to generate power. Bagasse based power generation project in the premises of MLSCIL sugar factory fulfill captive need of the industry and make available surplus power to be exported in the grid. Moreover, biogas generated by anaerobic digestion of the spent wash is used as fuel along with the bagasse in the boiler. Biogas being a clean fuel is one of the best fuels to be utilized in the boiler.


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5.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR ABATING THE POLLUTION

Following table shows the technology used /to be used for abating pollution Table 5.1 Technology Used /to be Used for Abating Pollution

No. Particulars Technology used in most of the distillery units

Technology used in MLSCIL Complex

1 Water Spentwash generated from distillery is generally bio-methanated and then used for bio-composting.

Spentwash generated shall be Conc. in MEE followed by composting with press mud, boiler ash and yeast sludge.

Other effluents viz. spentlees, boiler and cooling blow lab & washing are treated in Sugar ETP.

Other effluents from distillery shall be forwarded to CPU consisting of RO plant

2 Air Steam required for the distillery operations is taken from the Bio-methanation plant boiler or from sugar boiler

Steam required for distillery operations would be taken from existing boilers.

3 Solid Wastes

Solid waste in the form of yeast sludge is generated. The same is utilized in spentwash bio-composting operation along with pressmud and thus disposed off.

Solid waste generated from the proposed distillery operations would be consumed during spentwash composting process.

5.4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES The proposed Distillery of 45 KLPD would be established in the premises of existing sugar factory and co-gen plant. Industry has sufficient land for the same and hence no any alternative sites were considered.

Chapter 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

PROGRAM

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM...6

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6.1 INTRODUCTION With the knowledge of baseline conditions, and impacts predicted in Chapter–4, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project. This will enable in taking up suitable steps, in time, to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is an important tool for control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. In MLSCIL, monitoring of various environmental parameters would be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the following: • State of pollution within the plant and in its vicinity; • Examine the efficiency of pollution control systems installed in the plant; • Generate data for predictive or corrective purposes in respect of pollution. The same

could serve as basis for future impact assessment studies for project. • To verify the impacts predicated due to the proposed project. • To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters. The environmental monitoring during the proposed project is important to assess the performance of pollution control equipments to be installed in the project complex. The sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations will be as per the guidelines of the Central Board/State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly, environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis by MLSCIL to assess the pollution level in the plant as well in the surrounding area with the following objectives: To verify the impacts predicated due to the proposed project. To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters. To check or assess the efficiency of the various pollution controlling measures. To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study,

do not become critical through the commissioning of proposed project. Establish database for future impact assessment studies for proposed project. 6.2 MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE As discussed in Chapter 4, the impact during construction phase shall not be permanent and certain minor impacts are predicted on air, water, soil and human health due to dust emissions and noise during transportation and construction activities. Hence, there the need to conduct intensive monitoring during construction phase is not felt. However, appropriate measures to minimize impacts during this phase are suggested in Chapter 4 of this report. 6.3 MONITORING DURING POST CONSTRUCTION / OPERATIONAL PHASE

During operational stage, continuous air emissions from power boilers, wastewater disposal, if any non-hazardous waste such as ash, chemicals used in sugar processing used oily wastes are expected. The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below: Source emissions and ambient air quality; Groundwater Levels and ground water quality; Water and wastewater (effluent & sewage) quality;


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Solid and hazardous waste characterization (fly ash, bottom ash, oily wastes, ETP sludge, used and waste oil)

Soil quality Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient

noise levels) Ecological preservation and afforestation

6.3.1 Air Pollution Management

Apart from the ambient and source monitoring during operation stage following recommendations are also suggested - Air pollution control equipment would be interlocked with the process as per the

guidelines of CPCB. If the emissions exceed the standards, the corresponding units of the plant which are

contributing the excessive pollutant load are stopped till the qualities of pollutant discharged from those units are brought down to the required level.

In case of failure of pollution control equipment, the production process connected to it shall be stopped.

Under no circumstances, the emissions shall exceed the limits mentioned in the consent letter.

Online monitoring system shall be installed under proposed project. In case of power failure, alternate electric source shall be provided which shall be

sufficient to operate the APC equipment. 6.3.2 Water Management The total water requirement for proposed distillery would be 439 M3/Day and whereas that of existing sugar and co-gen project is complex would be 2,151 M3/Day. For details on water requirement refer Section 2.7.1 of Chapter – 2. The effluent generated from proposed activities shall be given proper treatment as per CREP guidelines. Refer Section 2.7.1.4 of Chapter – 2 for effluent generation and disposal.

The industry would observe that the effluent collection, disposal and treatment facilities always remain in a good shape so as to achieve desired efficiencies.

Spentwash storage lagoon shall be lined to avoid percolation of leachate. No untreated industrial effluent should be disposed off on land or in any surface water

body. The pipeline and storage tanks meant for effluent conveyance and storage should be

checked periodically and should not have any leakages. Leakage, if any, will harm the surrounding soil and water environment significantly. HDPE & stainless steel could be used as pipeline and valves material respectively.

Compliance towards CREP norms shall be strictly followed under sugar, co-gen and distillery project.

Flow meter shall be installed at ETP inlet and outlet to record the daily flow of the water. Pumps in the ETP shall be supplied with alternate electric supply source in case of power

failure.


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6.3.3 Noise Level Management Vital aspects of noise pollution and its Mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 2. Moreover, people working in close vicinity of the high noise generating equipments would be provided with PPE such as ear plugs, earmuffs etc. The industry would take care while procuring major noise generating machines / equipments to ensure that the manufacturers have taken adequate measures to minimize generation of noise. The distance between source and receiver would be increased and the relative orientation

of the source and receiver would be altered. Thick bushy trees would be planted in and around the industrial area to intercept noise

transmission to the nearby villages. Workers are provided with PPE like earmuffs & earplugs, noise helmets etc. The same

shall be provided under proposed activities. Allocation of work would be managed so that no worker would be exposed to noise more

than 90 dB (A) for more than 8 hours. The overall noise levels in and around the plant area would be kept well within the

standards by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation.

Monitoring shall include developing a sampling strategy to identify employees to be included in the hearing conservation program. Each employee being monitored shall be notified of the results. Employees may observe the monitoring by the Industry. The Industry shall establish and maintain an audiometric testing program that shall be performed by a qualified person at no cost to the employees.

Record keeping will include maintaining audiometric test records by the Industry for the duration of the affected employment.

6.3.4 Land Management There are no chances of change in the soil characteristics due to air pollutants and suspended particulates from the proposed activity. There would be no any discharge of untreated domestic or industrial effluent, solid and hazardous waste from sugar and co-gen unit. The solid and hazardous waste is being stored in dedicated area provided on site. Same practice shall be practiced after establishment of proposed distillery project. 6.3.5 Odour Management

There are different odour sources in distillery, which include molasses handling and storage, fermentation and distillation, bio-methanation, secondary effluent treatment, bio-composting and storage of effluents etc. To abate the odour nuisance, the industry has a concrete planning which includes following steps and actions

It is proposed to provide covered fermentation and tapping of CO2 gas. Collection of waste yeast sludge from fermentation section in a closed system and its

immediate and proper disposal. Reduced volume of effluents (spentwash, spent lees) by adopting strategic approaches

such as use of the effluents back in process under Reduce-Reuse-Recycle planning. Closed drains carrying spentwash to the treatment units, minimization of fugitive

emissions from anaerobic treatment units.


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Proper collection & handling of excess sludge generated from the anaerobic and aerobic treatment units.

Minimum retention of raw and bio-methanated spentwash in the storage lagoons. Effective composting of the spentwash along with filler materials and green belt

development with suitable plantation in and around the treatment units, which can minimize undesirable smells around the treatment units.

Adoption of GMPs (Good Management Practices) Use of mill sanitation bio-cides to minimize the growth of aerobic/ anaerobic micro

organisms. Regular use of Bleaching powder in the drains. Arranging awareness and training camps for workers. Steaming of major pipe lines. Use of PPEs like masks by everybody associated with odour potential prone areas. India has very few trained and skilled manpower as per the requirement of international

practices for the odour monitoring and control. Therefore, the human resource shall be developed and continuous efforts will be made for upgrading the knowledge base and skill in this area. The human resource development shall include representatives from academic and national research institutions, state and central regulatory agencies and distilleries.

6.3.6 Dust Management

The trouble with dust in work zone and ambient atmospheres shall be controlled by certain dedicated measures. An action plan has been prepared in the industry that includes following-

Installation of appropriate, adequate and efficient exhaust and ventilation system to remove and control dust from work zone areas.

The efficiencies of dust control equipment in the industry such as wet scrubber shall be monitored regularly (at least once a month).

Inlet and outlet of pollution control equipment shall be provided with necessary sampling arrangements as per guidelines of CPCB.

Dust collected from the APC equipment e.g. fly ash from co-gen boilers is properly handled and disposed off by sale to brick manufacturers.

Air pollution control equipment would be interlocked with the process as per the guidelines of CPCB.

Provision of PPEs such as masks, aprons, gloves, goggles etc. are provided to the workers and same shall be practiced under proposed activities.

Implementation of green belt of adequate density and type shall be made to control and attenuate dust transfer in the premises.

Provision of properly surfaced internal roads and work premises (tarred and concrete) shall be made to curb dust generation and its suspension due to vehicular movement.

6.4 OPERATION CONTROL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE All the equipments and machinery used shall be maintained properly and should be kept clean. For proposed distillery, the acid dosing equipments used in the fermentation processes would be checked regularly to prevent any leakages. The fermenters should be maintained properly and should be kept clean to avoid any contamination that would affect the quality of alcohol.


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The quality of stack emission depends very much on the operating parameters of plant. Improper combustion of fuel in the boilers increases unburnt carbon particles in the exhaust flue gases therefore proper maintenance is an important factor. The lubricants used for various equipment and fuel-handling areas would contribute to the pollution aspect. It would be taken care of, at the source, by looking after possible spillage, drippings, leakage etc. in the plant. Table 6.1 Operation Maintenance Schedule for Equipments under Proposed Distillery

Sr. No. Equipments Frequency of Maintenance 1 Molasses Storage tanks Twice a Year 2 Fermentation Tanks Once in a Month 3 Distillation columns Once in a Month 4 Pumps Once in week 5 Multi Effect Evaporation (MEE) System Once in a Month 6 Boiler Blow down Once in a day

6.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MEASURES

The following measures are taken under existing sugar factory and co-gen plant. Same practice would be followed under proposed distillery activities – As per the requirement of Factory Act, there is provision of Occupational Health Centre.

There under, a qualified visiting doctor has been appointed. The infrastructure of existing Occupational Health Centre shall be enhanced in order to

provide medical facilities to all the workers as well as nearby village/town people. Regular medical check-up of newly employed workers under proposed project shall also

be done and record shall be maintained. Provision of workmen compensation policy as well as mediclaim health policy shall be

done for the workers under proposed (temporary and permanent) and shall be renewed every year.

Display of sign boards in hazard areas in local language. Provision of PPEs to all workers. Public Liability Insurance Policy would be done.

Table 6.2 Health Care Facility Equipment

No. Instrument Use 1. Stethoscope Used to hear sounds from movements within the

body, like heart beats, intestinal movement, breath sounds, etc.

2. Reflex testing hammer (padded) To test motor reflex of the body 3. Sphygmomanometer (Blood

pressure meter) To record the patient's blood pressure

4. A thin beam electric torch To see into the eye, body's natural orifices, etc., and to test for papillary light reflex, etc.

5. A watch / stopwatch Used in recording rates like heart rate, respiratory rate, etc.; for certain tests of hearing


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No. Instrument Use 6. A measuring tape For size measurements 7. A weighing machine To record the weight 8. Tuning forks To test for deafness and to categorize it 9. Kidney dish As a tray for instruments, gauze, tissue, etc. 10. Thermometer To record the body temperature 11. Gas cylinders Supply of oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide,

etc. 12. Oxygen mask or tubes Delivering gases up to the nostrils to assist in

oxygen intake or to administer aerosolized or gaseous drugs

13. Vaporizer To produce vapors 14. Instrument sterilizers Used to sterilize instruments in absence of

an autoclave 15. Dressing drums Storage of gowns, cotton, linen, etc. 16. Syringe of different sizes and

needles For injections and aspiration of blood or fluid from the body.

17. Otoscope To look into the external ear cavity 6.6 MEASURES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 6.6.1 Better Employment Opportunities In order to run the existing and proposed projects, in all about 520 nos. of skilled and unskilled workers are required. Out of these total workers, about 450 workers have already been hired from local areas. Additional manpower of 70 nos. is to be inducted for commencing the proposed distillery activities. Local persons shall be given preference while appointing the extra employees. 6.6.2 Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) Plan

The planning for CER shall be started with the identification of the activities/projects and may be undertaken in the periphery of Industrial area. Corporate Environmental Responsibility Action Plan would be prepared based on the casual approach to the project based accountability approach, integrated with the social and environment concerns related to the business of the integrated project complex. Selection of activities under CER shall be made to ensure that the benefits reach the smallest unit i.e. village, Panchayat, block or district. A question was raised during public hearing regarding social responsibility. CER planning shall be done for long-term sustainable approach. Shri Shivraj Mhetre; MD of MLSCIL explained that about Rs. 4.51 Cr. (6.6 % of Capital Investment – 68.50 Cr.) has been considered based on SE survey conducted in the study area. The activities under CER is as follows- 6.6.2.1 List of Activities to be Undertaken for Corporate Social Responsibility (CER)

Planning Rs. 4.51 Cr. (6.6 % of Capital Investment – 68.50 Cr.) has been earmarked for CER activities. Activities to be undertaken under CER have been considered based on SE survey conducted in the study area.


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Table 6.3 Budgetary Provisions to be undertaken by MLSCIL under CER No. Description of work Cost

(Rs. Lakhs)1. Water Conservation - Drip Irrigation on 202 Ha

“Drip Irrigation” system on 202 Ha of land of farmers in command area.

200.00

2. Water Supply Infrastructure - 5 Villages Safe Drinking Water Units with Filtration, RO Module & Storage Tank (1 Unit/ Village; 1000 Lit/Hr) – Ruddhewadi, Dudhani, Chincholi M., Sangogi B. and Nimbal.

50.00

3. Rural Sanitation - 3 Villages 4 Toilet Units each of 6 Seats (3 Ladies + 3 Gents) with Water Tank of 1000 Lit. & Septic Tank at Andewadi (2 Unit), Dudhani (1 Unit) & Sangogi B. (1 Unit). 4 Units X Rs. 10 Lakhs = Rs. 40 Lakhs.

40.00

4. Primary Health Centre (PHC) & Ambulance - PHC at Village Chore

50.00

5. Non-Conventional Energy Promotion & Energy Conservation - a. Solar Street Lights in Ruddhewadi, Dudhani, Chincholi M.,

Sangogi B., Nimbal, Andewadi, Boblad, Boroti - 100 Nos. X Rs.50,000/-= Rs.50 Lakhs

b. LED Street Lamps in 3 Villages – Rs. 15 Lakhs

65.00

6. Afforestation (6 village)- No of Trees / Village = 1000, Cost of Tree Plantation / Village = Rs. 6 Lakhs

36.00

7. Cane Trash Management Awareness Programs Training & Awareness to farmers for refraining them from “Cane Trash (Pachat)” burning to prevent sever ‘Air Pollution’ in Command area

10.00

Total Rs. 451.00 For implementing the above mentioned CER plan, a CER committee will be formed in the industry. A senior official will be the chairman, environment officer will be the secretary and representatives from 3 village grampanchayat will be the members.

Table 6.4 CSR Implementation Schedule

Sr. No.

CSR Activity Year 2019

Year 2020

Year 2021

Year 2022

Year 2023

Year of Completion

1 Water Conservation- (Rs. 200 Lakhs)

Rs. 40 Lakhs

Rs. 40 Lakhs

Rs. 40 Lakhs

Rs. 40 Lakhs

Rs. 40 Lakhs

2023

2 Water Supply Infrastructure (Rs. 50 Lakhs)

Rs. 10 Lakhs

Rs. 20 Lakhs

--- Rs.20 Lakhs

-- 2022

3 Rural Sanitation (Rs. 40 Lakhs)

Rs. 10 Lakhs

Rs. 10 Lakhs

Rs. 10 Lakhs

Rs. 10 Lakhs

-- 2022

4 PHC & Ambulance (Rs. 50 Lakhs)

--- --- Rs. 50 Lakhs

--- --- 2021


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Sr. No.

CSR Activity Year 2019

Year 2020

Year 2021

Year 2022

Year 2023

Year of Completion

5 Non-Conventional Energy Promotion & Energy Conservation (Rs. 65 Lakhs)

Rs. 10 Lakhs

Rs. 20 Lakhs

Rs. 10 Lakhs

Rs. 15 Lakhs

Rs. 10 Lakhs

2023

6 Afforestation (Rs. 64 Lakhs)

Rs.12 Lakhs

Rs.6 Lakhs

Rs.6 Lakhs

Rs.6 Lakhs

Rs.6 Lakhs

2023

7 Cane Trash Management Awareness Program (Rs. 10 Lakhs)

Rs. 2 Lakhs

Rs. 2 Lakhs

Rs. 2 Lakhs

Rs. 2 Lakhs

Rs. 2 Lakhs

2023

Total Rs. 84 Lakhs

Rs. 98 Lakhs

Rs. 118 Lakhs

Rs. 93 Lakhs

Rs. 58 Lakhs

Rs. 451 Lakhs

% of Total CSR Cost 19% 21% 26% 21% 13% 100% 6.6.3 Measures for Improvement of Ecology Following steps would be taken- Afforestation program. Keeping noise levels under control at night time. Keeping sufficient height of stacks. General Guidelines - 1. Augmentation of existing green belt would be done to mitigate the effects of noise. 2. Plantation activities shall be done according to naturally occurring vegetation. Exotic

species shall be avoided. 3. Provision of shrubs and thick trees at storage and disposal places of the solid waste would

be made. 4. All the necessary steps would be taken & care would be observed under the project

regarding proper maintenance of the industrial premises. 5. Use of e-mail and other modern communication systems would be followed to conserve

the papers and attain speedy interaction in daily business activities. 6. Promoting measures of energy and water conservation would be adopted. 7. Activities like slide shows or expert’s lectures on Local Biodiversity shall be arranged for

the staff to make them aware about the plant and animal species found nearby; also it will reduce unnecessary human-wild conflict. This will eventually reduce the damage to biodiversity by the employees.

6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM SCHEDULE The following routine monitoring program as detailed in Table - 6.5 shall be implemented at site. Besides to this monitoring, the compliances to all Environmental Clearance conditions and regular permissions from CPCB/ MoEFCC shall be monitored and reported periodically.


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Table 6.5 Plan for Monitoring of Environmental Attributes within Industrial Premises (Onsite)

No. Description Location Parameters Frequency Conducted by 1. Ambient Air

Quality Upwind-1 Downwind-2 (Near main gate, Near Bio-methanation, Near compost yard, Near Storage Section.)

1. PM10 2. PM2.5 3. SO2 4. NOx 5. CO

Monthly

MoEFCC and NABL Approved External Laboratory.

2. Work Zone Air Quality

4 Locations (Admin Building, Fermentation section, Evaporation section, Distillation section)

1. PM10 2. PM2.5 3. SO2 4. NOx 5. CO

Monthly

MoEFCC and NABL Approved Laboratory

3. Stack Emissions

Boiler – 1 Nos. (Existing Sugar & Co-gen boiler)

D.G Set – 1 Nos.

1. SPM 2. SO2 3. NOx

Monthly

MoEFCC and NABL Approved Laboratory

4. Ambient Noise 5 Locations. (Near Main Gate, Near ETP, Near Sugar Admin Building , Near Compost Area, Near Fermentation Section)

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(n), Leq(d), Leq(dn)

Monthly MoEFCC and NABL Approved Laboratory

5. Work zone Noise

Premises –5 Nos (Distillation section, Evaporation section, Storage Section, DG set, ETP section)


Monthly MoEFCC and NABL Approved Laboratory

6. Effluent Treated Untreated

1. pH 2. SS 3. TDS 4. COD 5. BOD 6. Chlorides 7. Sulphates 8. Oil & Grease.

Monthly MoEFCC and NABL Approved External Laboratory.

leachate 1. pH 2. EC 3. BOD 4. COD


Compost 1. pH 2. Moisture 3. Bulk Wt. 4. Organic Matter 5. Organic Carbon 6. Nitrogen 7. Phosphorous 8. Potassium 9. TVS



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No. Description Location Parameters Frequency Conducted by 10. Ash 11. Sulphate 12. C/N ratio

7. Drinking water Canteen Aqua guard Parameters as per drinking water Std IS10500

Monthly MoEFCC and NABL Approved External Laboratory.

8. Fugitive Emissions

Chemical Bulk storage area & Distillation column

VOC Monthly MoEFCC and NABL Approved External Laboratory.

9. Waste management

Implement waste management plan that Identifies and characterizes every waste associated with proposed and expansion activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Records of Solid Waste Generation, Treatment and Disposal shall be maintained

Twice in a year

By MLSCIL

10. Emergency Preparedness such as fire fighting

Fire protection and safety measures to take care of fire and explosion hazards, to be assessed and steps taken for their prevention.

On site Emergency Plan, Evacuation Plan, fire fighting mock drills

Twice a year

By MLSCIL

11. Health Check up

Employees and migrant labour health check ups

All relevant health checkup parameters as per factories act.

Once in a Year

By MLSCIL

12. Green Belt Within Industry premises as well as nearby villages

Survival rate of planted sapling

In consultation with DFO.

By MLSCIL

Table 6.6 Environmental Monitoring Schedule within Industrial Premises

No

Description Schedule of Monitoring

Sep Oct

Nov

Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug

1 AAQ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 Workzone

Air √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

3 Stack Emissions

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

4 Noise √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 5 Effluent √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √


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No


Sep Oct Nov

Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug

6 Drinking water

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

7 Fugitive Emissions

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

8 Waste management

√ √

9 Emergency preparedness, such as fire fighting

√ √

10 Health Check up

√ √

11 Green Belt √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Note: -Sugar Factory Operation period – 180 Days

Co-gen Operation period –180 Days during Season, 50 Days during Off Season Distillery Operation period – 270 Days

Table 6.7 Plan for Monitoring of Environmental Attributes Surrounding the Industrial

Premises (Offsite) No Description Location Parameters Frequency Conducted by

1 Ambient Air Quality

Upwind & Downwind Locations (Rudhewadi, Mugali, Dudhani, Andewadi, Sangogi)

1. PM10 2. PM2.5

3. SO2 4. NOx 5. CO

Quarterly


2 Noise 10 villages within 5 Km from site (Rudhewadi, Mugali, Dudhani, Andewadi, Sangogi)


Quarterly


3 Soil 4 locations within 5 Km (Mugali, Dudhani, Chincholi M., Sangogi)

1. pH 2. Salinity 3. Organic

Carbon 4. Nitrogen 5. Phosphorous

Potash

Quarterly


4 Ground Water and Surface water

1 tube well & 2 open well around industrial premises, (Villages for Surface water - Andewadi,

Parameters as per CPCB guideline for water quality monitoring – MINARS/27/2007-08

Quarterly



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No Description Location Parameters Frequency Conducted by

Jevargi B., Sangogi Basavan. Villages for Ground water – Ruddhewadi (Near Bori River), Open Well Near Site.)

5 CSR As per activities -- Six monthly By MLSCIL

Table 6.8 Environmental Monitoring Schedule Surrounding the Industrial Premises No.


Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July August Sep Oct1 AAQ √ √ √ 2 Noise √ √ √ 3 Soil √ 4 Ground Water

& Surface water

√ √ √

5 CSR √ √ 6.8 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

ASPECTS The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter- 4 i.e. Anticipated Environment & Mitigation Measures will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures, the phased priority of implementation is given in below table.

Table 6.9 Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Program

Sr.No.

Attribute Time Period Implementation

Schedule Immediate Progressive

1 Air Pollution Control

Before commissioning of the Plant

* ----

2 Water Pollution Control

Before commissioning of the Plant

* ----

3 Noise Control Before commissioning of the Plant

* ----

4 Solid Waste Management

Stage wise ---- *

5 Green Belt Development & Rainwater Harvesting.

Stage wise * *

6 Ecological Aspects Stage wise ---- *


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Sr.No.

Attribute Time Period Implementation

Schedule 7 Socio - economic

Aspects Stage wise ---- ----

Note:* indicates implementation priority.

6.9 COMPLIANCE WITH CREP GUIDELINES The MoEFCC has launched the Charter on "Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) with the purpose to go beyond the compliance of regulatory norms for prevention & control of pollution through various measures including waste minimization, in-plant process control & adoption of clean technologies. The Chapter has set targets concerning conservation of water, energy, recovery of chemicals, reduction in pollution, elimination of toxic pollutants, process & management of residues that are required to be disposed off in an environmentally sound manner. The Chapter enlists the action points for pollution control for various categories of highly polluting industries. The Task Force was constituted for monitoring the progress of implementation of CREP recommendations/ action points. The following activities are being undertaken by KSL and will be continued after proposed distillery establishment under CREP norms. 1. The spentwash will be first subjected to Biomethanation followed by concentration in

MEE. The concentrated spentwash is use for bio-composting along with other filler material.

2. The fuel for Boilers is Bagasse & Biogas. Biogas (methane gas) which is generated subsequent to bio-methanation of distillery process.

3. Adequate storage capacity of molasses should be provided and molasses should not be stored in kutcha lagoon to avoid groundwater pollution.

4. Priority should be given to distilleries for lifting of press-mud for compost making with the spent wash.

Chapter 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

ADDITIONAL STUDIES…7

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7.1. PUBLIC CONSULTATION As per EIA notification 14th September 2006 and ToR issued by EAC of MoEFCC (vide Letter No. J-11011/308/2016-IA-II (I) dated 21.11.2016), Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL) conducted public hearing on 25.05.2018 for proposed establishment of 45 KLPD molasses-based distillery. 7.1.1. Details of Public Hearing

Date of Public Hearing : 25.05.2018Place of Hearing : Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Cogeneration Industries Ltd.

(MLSCIL), Satling Nagar, At: Ruddhewadi, Post: Dudhani, Tal.: Akkalkot, Dist.: Solapur.

Advertisement given : 24.04.2018News Paper : Lokmat (English and Marathi)

Copies of news enclosed at Appendix K Members Present :

1 Shri Kishor Pawar Additional District Magistrate, Solapur

Chairman

2 Shri J. S. Salunkhe I/c. Sub Regional Officer, MPCB, Pune

Member

3 Shri N. S. Awatade I/c. Sub Regional Officer, MPCB, Solapur

Convener

7.1.2. Minutes of Public Hearing

Table 7.1 Points Raised in the PH & Response of PP

Sr. No.

Points Presented by Public

Response Given by PP Remarks

1. Shri Ramkrushna Karnakoti, R/o: Sangolgi asked question about details of storage of alcohol.

Technical Consultant answered that under proposed distillery there will be provision of storage tanks for alcohol. There under, receiving tanks of 50 M3 (9 Nos.), 10 M3 (3 Nos.) and bulk storage of 800 M3 (3 Nos) and 200 M3 (2 Nos.) will be provided. The material of construction used for tanks would be Mild Steel. Depending upon the daily production of alcohol, the capacity of the tanks has been decided.

Ref.: Chapter 7, Table 7.6 for storage details of alcohol.

2. Shri Sachin Bharate, R/o: Akkalkot asked a question about generation of type of pollutions from the proposed project.

The Consultant with the help of Power Point presentation slide explained all the types of environmental aspects of pollution viz. Air, water, solid waste, hazardous waste, odour, noise pollution along with its control measures. Here it was informed that the effluent generation from proposed distillery would be in the form of Spentwash, spent lees and other effluents.

Ref.: Chapter 2 for sources of pollution from proposed distillery.


166

Sr. No.



The Spentwash will be treated in biomethanation plant followed by concentration in MEE followed by biocomposting whereas other effluents like cooling blowdown, spentlees etc. Will be treated in proposed distillery CPU. It was told that the entire quantity of the spent wash shall be totally consumed in the bio-composting operations thereby resulting into Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). The compost, in turn, can be applied to farms as manure. As such, no any major concern of air pollution is expected as no new boiler will be installed under proposed project. Also, plantation of trees, provision of Personal Protective equipments for noise attenuation measures and good housekeeping, adequate storage, handling and disposal of Spentwash, press mud and yeast sludge will prevent noise pollution and odour nuisance. Further, it was informed that as far as solid waste and hazardous waste is concerned, solid waste like yeast sludge & ETP sludge would be used in composting whereas hazardous waste in the form of spent oil will be burnt in cogen boiler with bagasse. Hence, there shall be no any major impact of pollution due to proposed distillery.

3. Shri Shankar Siddharam, R/o: Dudhani asked about how much amount of alcohol will be generated daily?

Sulakshna Ayarekar answered that under proposed distillery, 45 KLPD per day alcohol would be generated.

Ref.: Chapter 2, Section 2.6.1, Table 2.7

4. Imam Sayyad, R/o: Akkalkot asked that which social activities would be carried out by Project Proponent under proposed project.

Shri Shivraj Mhetre; MD of MLSCIL explained that about Rs. 4.51 Cr. (6.6 % of Capital Investment – 68.50 Cr.) has been considered based on SE survey conducted in the study area. The activities under CSR would be (1) Drip Irrigation system for water

conservation (RS. 2 Cr.), (2) Provision of safe drinking water supply

infrastructure (Rs. 0.5 Cr.), (3) Rural Sanitation (Rs. 0.40 Cr.), (4) Provision of Primary Health Center and

Ref.: Chapter 6, Section 6.6, Table 6.3, Table 6.4 for CER Details.


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Sr. No.



Ambulance (Rs. 0.50 Cr.) (5) Promotion of non-conventional energy

and energy conservation by providing street lights and solar lamps in study area (Rs. 0.65 Cr.),

(6) Plantation in nearby villages contributing Mission of Maharashtra State Government (Rs. 0.36 Cr.)

(7) Cane Trash management and Awareness Programs (Rs. 0.10 Cr.). These activities will be implemented in the villages of study area.

5. Shri Yalappa Jadhav, R/o: Solapur asked what are the uses of alcohol?

The consultant explained that alcohol is an important Source of Revenue of Govt. Through Excise Duty. In addition to this, alcohol has number of applications like 1) Blending with petroleum fuels, 2) In pharmaceutical industry as Solvent, 3) In manufacturing of various synthetic chemicals, 4) Used in perfumes, cosmetics and vegetable essences and 5) In manufacture of IMFL & Country Liquors.

Ref.: Chapter, Section 1.4 and Chapter 2, Section 2.2 for uses of alcohol and its need.

6. Shri Mahadev Gayakwad, R/o: Dudhani asked that how the effluent will be treated?

Sulakshna Ayarekar explained that effluent generated from proposed 45 KLPD distillery plant shall comprise of raw Spentwash to the tune of 335 KL, spent lees to the tune of 90 KL and other effluents viz. Cooling blow downs, lab and washing to the tune of 10 KL. Raw Spentwash shall be treated in bio-methanation plant followed by concentration in Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE). The concentrated Spentwash to the tune of 200 CMP (@ 4.4 Kl/KL of Alcohol) shall be forwarded for bio-composting with filler material such as press mud, boiler ash and yeast sludge. MEE condensate (130 CMD), spent lees (900 CMD), cooling blow down (5) Lab & Washing (5 CMD) shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU and recycled back in process for dilution of molasses and other process. Further, effluent form existing sugar fatory and co-gen plant to the tune of 200 M3/Day is being treated in full fledge sugar factory Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) provided on site. Quantity of domestic effluent from

Ref.: Chapter 2, Section 2.7 for effluent generation details.


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distillery shall be to the tune of 4.5 M3/Day. While that from factory and co-gen plant will be 23.5 M3/Day. Total domestic effluent to the tune of 28 M3/Day will be treated separately in proposed Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) to be provided on site. Presently domestic effluent from sugar and cogen unit is treated in septic tank followed by soak pits.

7. Shri Sudhir Kumbhar, R/o: Ruddhewadi asked whether regular monitoring w.r.t. air, noise effluent will be done by MPCB?

Sulakshna Ayarekar in replying this question informed that regular monitoring will be done in respect of air, noise, effluent by MPCB as well as the same will be monitored by Regional Office. Moreover, self monitoring will also be done by MoEFCC and NABL approved laboratory.

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8. Shri Parmeshwar Bapat, R/o: Ruddhewadi raised a question about employment generation wherein he wanted to know as to whether the proposed project shall generate any opportunities for employment.

Shri Shivraj Mhetre while replying this question brought to kind attention of the public that activities under proposed distillery project would improve the socio-economic status of people in the study are in terms of local labour employment and contract basis jobs. The proposed activity could provide employment opportunities to the skilled and semi-skilled local populace, especially in small scale business and other related services. She also informed that the MLSCIL project complex through various activities therein namely sugar factory, cogen plant have already given jobs – both primary and secondary – to 450 people. About, 70 nos. of local persons would be employed under proposed distillery. The Consultant requested the public to develop necessary skills so that they could get priority in job appointments of MLSCIL.

Ref.: Chapter 2, Section 2.2.1 for employment generation details.

9. Shri Shrikant Mhetre, R/o: enquired about the details of pollution control measures/equipments to be taken under proposed project. In addition to this he also asked-what is Spentwash?

In reply to above question, the Consultant told about the pollution control measures taken for each environmental aspect like air, water, noise, odour, solid and hazardous waste in detail. Further Sulakshna Ayarekar also explained about definition of spent wash. She told that spent means waste and wash is a term used in distillery for discharges from fermentation, distillation section, etc. Thus, spent wash indicates nothing but waste

Ref.: Chapter 2 and Chapter 4 for details of pollution control measures / equipment’s under proposed distillery


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discharge from a distillery which is generated after recovery of alcohol through distillation of fermented wash. This spent wash is having dark brown colour when in fresh condition and contains considerable organic matter due to which it is good for bio-methanation.

10. Shri Gulab Khairat, R/o: Dudhani raised a question about benefits to farmers from proposed MLSCIL project.

The Consultant explained that the compost that would be generated from proposed distillery would be directly given to farmers for agriculture. This will increase the fertility and productivity of soil due to which crop yield (including sugarcane) will be increased. The resultant increased sugar cane yield will be helpful for existing sugar factory and farmers.

Ref.: Chapter 2, Section 2.7.1 for use of treated effluent.

11. Shri. J. S. Salunkhe, Member, enquired that whether project proponent has applied for NOC from CGWA. He also enquired about the provision for implementation of incineration boiler and odour control measures.

Consultant informed that MLSCIL has already applied for grant of NOC from CGWA though there is no use of ground water for proposed distillery and the permission process is in process. As far as provision of incineration boiler for proposed distillery is concerned, it was informed that there is presently no plan for incineration boiler. Same shall be considered in future. Also, odour control measures would be done by proposer housekeeping, good management practices and storage and disposal of spentwash.

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12. Shri Kishor Pawar, Chairman suggested for plantation in project premises taking into consideration the mission plantation of Maharashtra State Government. He also enquired about the recycle water, presence of mutifeed boiler, power generation using bagasse.

Technical Consultant informed that during crushing season no fresh water will be used for industrial operations i.e. 100% recycle and during non-crushing season 52 % water will be recycled. Further, Mr. Mhetre informed that the existing boilers are multifuel boilers in which bagasse and biogas is used as fuel.

Ref.: Chapter 2, Section 2.7.1 for water consumption details.


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7.2. R & R ACTION PLAN There is no R & R action plan because proposed distillery establishment will be taken up in existing premises of distillery and sugar factory of M/s. Matoshri Laxmi Sugar & Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL). 7.3. RISK ASSESSMENT Proposed distillery will be implemented by the project proponents in the premises of existing integrated project complex of MSCIL. Risk assessment and hazard management study was done by Mr. Vinod Sahasrabuddhe who is the FAE for RH in respect of EEIPL. Proposed establishment project would be formulated in such a fashion and manner so that utmost care of safety norms and Environment Protection Act shall be taken care of.

Objective of the Risk and Hazard Analysis is to -

1. Identify hazards and nature of hazard in the process, storage and handling of hazardous

chemicals. 2. Carry out Qualitative risk analysis for the process and suggest mitigation measures. 3. Carry out Quantitative risk analysis of the storage of hazardous chemicals and estimate

the threat zones for Most Credible and Worst case scenarios 4. Suggest mitigation measures to reduce the risk/probability of the accident to the

minimum. 5. Incorporate these measures for ensuring safe operations and safe layout and for effective

preparation of On-site and Off-site emergency plans 6. Suggest Guidelines for on-site and off - site emergency plan Methodology Identify hazards based on a. Processes description received based. b. Identify Hazardous Chemicals handled and stored Inventory of Hazardous chemicals c. Proposed storage facilities for hazardous chemicals, particularly Alcohol. d. Plant layout e. Safety measures presently f. adopted by the company,

Hazard Assessment

1. By Qualitative Risk Assessment 2. By Quantitative Risk Assessment by Hazard index calculations and estimate threat zones

by using ALOHA Recommendations

Recommend mitigation measures based upon the above Recommending guidelines for the preparation of On-site Emergency Plan.


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7.4. REVIEW OF THE PROJECT MLSCIL is going to establish a new 45 KLPD distillery based on continuous fermentation and multi pressure vacuum distillation with integrated evaporation. Company have analyzed and observed the place which can fulfil all the basic requirements. 7.5. POTENTIAL RISK PRONE AREAS IN MLSCIL’S INTEGRATED

COMPLEX

Table 7.2 Hazard Identification Chart Sr. No

Hazardous Area

Hazard Identified

Mitigation measures Mitigation Measures in Place

1 Boiler Area Explosion IBR rules for design, maintenance and operation of boilers by certified boiler attendants in mandatory.

These measures are in place as the boiler is in operation for the existing capacity.

2 All over the plant

Lightening To design and install adequate number of best available lightening arrestors.

Lightening arrestors at critical locations like bagasse yard, biogas distillery section will be installed. The same will be followed for Distillery premises.

3 Electrocution Lose fitting Regular maintenance, internal safety audit, and external safety audit at regular intervals.

These are in place and will be incorporated for the operation of the existing capacity as well as new distillery operations.

4 Electrical Rooms

Fire and electrocution

Regular maintenance, internal safety audit, and external safety audit at regular intervals.

The mitigation measures are being followed for existing sugar manufacturing unit as well as new distillery operations.

5 Transformer Area

Fire and electrocution


The mitigation measures are being followed for existing sugar manufacturing unit as well as new distillery operations.

6 Cable Tunnel Fire and electrocution


Mitigation measures will be followed for existing sugar manufacturing unit as well as new distillery operations.

7 Bagasse Storage Area

Fire Fire hydrant around bagasse storage area.

Fire hydrant lines will be laid around bagasse area.

8 Alcohol Production Area

Fire and Alcohol vapour release

HAZOP study is strongly recommended for the production as well as Alcohol Storage area and adequate safety instrumentation with alarms and interlocks to be incorporated to make the design and plant operation intrinsically safe.

Suggested mitigations will be followed for establishment of new distillery section.


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Hazardous Area

Hazard Identified

Mitigation measures Mitigation Measures in Place

9 Distillery (Ethanol Storage Tank)

Fire Detailed standard measures have been suggested in the report; Fire hydrant will be laid around with foam fighting arrangements. It is recommended to design the fire fighting system as per OISD 117 standards.

Standards will be followed for the new establishment.

10 Biogas production area

Fire Adequate instrumentation and alarms to be incorporated in design. All flameproof fittings to be used. For all areas of the plant, with fire hazard: No hot work in the area without proper and adequate precautions in place. Work permit system to be followed.

The mitigation measures will be adopted for the betterment of safety.

7.6. POTENTIAL RISK PRONE AREAS SUGAR AND COGENERATION AREA 7.6.1. Boiler Operations Boiler operation is main operation which provides steam throughout the plant for various processes. Bagasse is main fuel for boiler in MLSCIL and the area is allotted for bagasse storage is 100 M X 100 M open space and ash generated is stored on site. Bagasse storage is covered with fire hydrant. The fire hydrant layout drawing can be referred at Appendix-K. Boiler is designed as per IBR rules and proper care has been taken for operations. No new boiler will be installed. Steam required for distillery operations will be taken from existing boiler.

Mitigation Measures Existing boiler will be maintained in good conditions with the help of boiler audits and

maintenance schedule. At the time of maintenance schedule, proper care will be taken. 7.6.2. Sugar Manufacturing Section of the Plant I. Bagasse Storage: Fire Hazard

a. Bagasse is produced after crushing of sugar cane. In dried form it is used as fuel for

boiler. b. The existing plant has 100 Meter X 100 meter open area allocated for the storage of

bagasse. This can store maximum 75,000 MT. c. Mall spark or ignition will cause fire and will spread rapidly leading to injury and loss of

life, and damage to the property.


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Mitigation Measures Following mitigation measures to eliminate the fire hazard are in place: There is fire hydrant system laid around the area.

Following additional measures are suggested as below:

1. It should be ensured while routing high tension voltage lines to avoid storage of bagasse

storage below & near high voltage (H.T.) transmission lines. 2. Avoid routing of electric supply cables &cable trenches near to bagasse storage and if

unavoidable locate these as far away from stored bagasse or bagasse heaps. 3. Always keep other raw materials & useful material far away from storage of bagasse area. 4. Installation of Fire Hydrant (self auto-mode fire fighting) system around the area of

bagasse yard. Fire hydrant has been laid around the bagasse storage area. And has been shown in the drawing.

5. Fire hydrant system has been designed as per IS code and/or as per the applicable relevant code.

6. Creating awareness among workers about sudden bagasse fire and emergency action plan will definitely avoid risks of heavy fire. In this way we can save a valuable fuel & life of human being working near bagasse.

7. Posting of proper supervision staff with necessary communication facility. 8. Hot work, like welding, gas cutting should not be carried out near bagasse storage. Or

only after issue of proper work permit and making necessary arrangements 9. Daily record of bagasse storage data must be maintained and proper review of storage

conditions must be taken by higher authority. 10. Training of all the involved staff in firefighting in normal & emergency operating system. 7.6.3. Co-generation Plant The company has 38 MW capacity Co-gen plant. The steam produced is used for power

generation through turbine and the extracted steam is used for internal consumption for sugar plant.

The boiler is as per IBR design standards, maintained and approved by IBR authority’s rules and regulations.

The boiler and co-generation unit incorporates all the necessary and standard instrumentation, alarms and interlocks and is operated through DSC system to ensure the safe operation.

Preventive Measures for Electricity Hazard

All electrical equipment is to be provided with proper earthing. Earthed electrode are

periodically tested and maintained. Emergency lighting is to be available at all critical locations including the operator’s

room to carry out safe shut down of the plant. Easy accessibility of fire fighting facilities such as fire water pumps and fire alarm

stations is considered. All electrical equipments to be free from carbon dust, oil deposits, and grease. Use of approved insulated tools, rubber mats, shockproof gloves and boots, tester, fuse

tongs, discharge rod, safety belt, hand lamp, wooden or insulated ladder and not wearing metal ring and chain.


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Flame and shock detectors and central fire announcement system for fire safety are to be provided.

Temperature sensitive alarm and protective relays to make alert and disconnect equipment before overheating is to be considered

Danger from excess current due to overload or short circuit is to be prevented by providing fuses, circuit breakers, thermal protection.

Hazard Identification

Heavy high-pressure steam leakage, resulting in noise pollution, and in the worst case explosion involving boiler.

Mitigation Measures in Place

As mentioned above, all the precautions and mitigation measures as per the statutory rule are in place and are strictly monitored.

Important interlocks such as boiler water control, fans tripping on backfire, steam pressure, oil pressure, overload sensors, noise reduction muffles have been provided for boiler.

Turbine and power generation plant is equipped with PLC operated system with sequential start up and shutdown procedure built in. The plant is assisted with standard instrumentation, alarms, and interlocks, trips namely high speed trip, bearing vibration, bearing oil circulation, oil temperature, and turbine alignment.

7.6.4. Biogas Production Company has planned to set up biogas generation plant of 28,800 m3/day capacity. Biogas generated will be used in boiler as fuel. Pre- treated effluent at 380C to 400C will be pumped to the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR).The gas will be separated in degassing tower and the effluent will be received in lamella clarifier before discharge. Biogas will be stored in a gas holder at 400 WCg. This will be compressed by a blower to maximum 3000 mm WCg pressure for pumping to the boiler or flare stack. The reactor and entire operation will be at low pressure with maximum operating pressure of reactor at 400 mm WCg. Mitigation Measures 1. CSTR reactor will be provided with pressure gauges, water seal pressure and vacuum

breakers, flame arrestors, manometers, temperature indicators (TI) etc. 2. Liquid and gas flow meters will be provided. 3. Blower will be provided with safety relief valve (SRV), Non-Return Valve (NRV), high

and low pressure alarms and interlocks. 4. All the electrical fittings will be flameproof. 7.6.5. Storage of Molasses The molasses is mainly used for production of Ethyl Alcohol, Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) and Rectified Sprit (RS) by fermentation process. At present, the factory is having 1 mild steel molasses storage tank of 6000 MT capacity with 23 meter diameter and 9.5 meter Height. Proper care has been taken by the sugar factory to cool down molasses before it goes to molasses storage tank. The molasses storage tank is equipped with a suitable pump for


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recirculation of molasses. A 40 days stored molasses is considered for inventory storage. The molasses will be pumped through pipeline, from the sugar factory storage tank to the distillery day molasses tank after establishment of the distillery.


There is serous hazard of tank failure, in case there is increase in molasses temperature beyond 60 deg C and if hot work is carried out when there is even a small quantity of Molasses in the tank. Mitigation Measures for Molasses Storage Tank

Molasses is stored in good quality and leak proof steel tanks. Bund walls will be

constructed around the tank. Volume of bund = 1.2 x volume of the highest capacity storage tank i.e. 6000 MT/M will

be constructed. Continuous mixing of molasses is being carried out for existing molasses tank. If there is

increase in temperature beyond 300C, external cooling of tanks is provided. A temperature recorder will be provided to the tanks with high alarm. The Molasses will be utilized for the distillation operations.

If there is Leakage -

Leakage will be washed out, diluted and properly treated in effluent treatment plant and will be recycled back to the storage tank. Arrangements will be made for collection and recycle leakage. Immediate transfer of the leakage will be done through pumping.

Replacement of leaky gaskets, joints, will be done. Work permit system will be strictly followed.

Leakage of pipelines, welding repairs will be carried out outside of the plant as far as possible. The necessary hot work permit will be issued only after taking mandatory precautions by the concerned authority.

Through pump gland leakage will be reduced to the minimum. Pumps will be installed with mechanical seals.

For all major leakage in tanks, the following procedure will be followed. Material will be transferred to other tank. The tank will be prepared for welding repairs by making sure that it is positively

isolated and ensuring that it is free of the chemicals and gases by air analysis before any hot work is undertaken .This procedure will be done by skilled workers.

For this purpose safety permit will be given. Industry is about to install 2 new molasses tanks only for distillery purpose. The

mitigation measures followed for the existing molasses tank will be followed for the new ones also.

During Shut down

It is observed that the molasses tank is manually cleaned by opening the bottom manhole

cover. Thick slurry is poured outside manually, into the channel, and generally flows into the gutter, and is discharged the factory area without any treatment.

This is a serious environment hazard.


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The work is carried out contract labours entering inside tank. Each labour takes a turn staying inside till he can tolerate the smell.


There is serious health hazard for the workers employed for this work. There is smell and humid atmosphere inside the tank, and probably less oxygen. The workers have to come out after a particular time when he feels uneasy. The workers sweat profusely.

There is serious water pollution underground and where it is flowing and odour hazard. Mitigation Measures

Manual cleaning should be immediately replaced by mechanical cleaning. Thick sludge should be removed from the tank by using a suitable pump capable off

pumping thick slurry. The sludge should be collected separately and properly disposed off. After thick slurry removal the remaining sludge should be diluted with water and should

be sent to ETP plant before disposal.

Figure 7.1 Molasses Tank

7.6.6. Storage and Handling of Sulphur 100 MT Sulphur is stored with closed shed in bags. It is transferred manually in bags to the SO2 production unit as per the batch requirement. Storage and handling of Sulphur: Exposure to dust, dust explosion,


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100 MT Sulphur is stored, in a closed shed, in bags or in heaps. It is transferred manually to the SO2 production unit manually as per the requirement in bags. Following are the hazards in storage and handling Sulphur.

1. Dust Explosion 2. Fire

Dust Explosion As Sulphur is stored and handled in granular form, there is always some dust formation, which can lead to dust explosion. A dust explosion occurs when a fine dust in suspension in air is ignited, resulting in a very rapid burning, and the release of large quantities of gaseous products. This in turn creates a subsequent pressure rise of explosive force capable of damaging plant and buildings and injuring people. It is generally considered that a dust explosion can only be initiated by dust particles less than 500 microns diameter. Conditions For A Dust Explosion

Following conditions are necessary before a dust explosion can take place. a) The dust must be combustible. b) The dust cloud must be of explosive concentration, i.e. between the lower and upper

explosion limits for the dusts. c) There must be sufficient oxygen in the atmosphere to support and sustain combustion. d) A source of ignition must be present. e) The dust must be fine enough to support an explosion. Sulphur is a flammable substance in both the solid and liquid states. The dust is characterized by a very low ignition point of 190°C compared to other combustible dusts, and dust clouds are readily ignited by weak frictional sparks. Dusts containing 25% or more elemental Sulphur may be almost as explosive as pure sulphur.

Mitigation Measures Explosion Prevention: Dust explosions can be prevented by ensuring that the following conditions are met: Both Formation and Suspensions of Sulphur dust in air is avoided.

To prevent dust formation during the storage and handling of Sulphur, it is necessary to take necessary precautions to avoid spillage and crushing of granular Sulphur during bulk loading and unloading in the storage area.

Storage shed should be constructed with a minimum number of horizontal surfaces to avoid dust must accumulation.

Bulk accumulations of fine Sulphur may also be removed using soft push brooms, having natural bristles and non-sparking scoops or shovels before vacuum cleaning equipment is used.

The use of compressed air to remove dust from any surface, vigorous sweeping or any other method of cleaning which may raise a dust cloud is prohibited.

All sources of ignition are excluded. Presence of moisture helps in preventing dust explosion.


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Mitigation Measures at Present

Storage shed is constructed with a minimum number of horizontal surfaces to avoid dust. A bulk accumulation of fine Sulphur is removed using soft push brooms, having natural

bristles and non-sparking scoops. The use of compressed air to remove dust from any surface, vigorous sweeping or any

other method of cleaning which may raise a dust cloud is prohibited. All sources of ignition are excluded.

Fire in Sulphur Storage

There is a risk of fire in Sulphur storage as ignition temperature is low 190 0C as compared with other dusts. Solid and liquid Sulphur will burn to produce Sulphur dioxide gas, which is extremely irritating and toxic. The effects of the fire hazard itself are slight. Mitigation Measures At Present

Smoking and the use of matches is prohibited in all areas where sulphur dust is likely to be present. Prominent ‘NO SMOKING!!!’ signs are placed around such areas.

Naked flames, gas cutting and welding equipment are prohibited during normal operation of the plant.

Repairs involving the use of flames, heat, hand and power tools in areas where Sulphur is present will be made only after getting hot work permit from the concerned authorities.

Safety and Fire Fighting Recommendations Use of Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) will be followed. Automatic sprinkler systems which comply with relevant Indian Standards (IS) will be

provided with a fine spray or mist. Fire hoses and extinguishers will be attached with fine spray nozzles with the purpose of

stopping the dust cloud formation. For larger Sulphur fires, light water fog or CO2 extinguishers will be used. Always use Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Sulphur fires produce

hazardous sulphur dioxide gas. Sulphur dioxide gas is heavier than air and will accumulate in the vapour spaces of the rail car.

Automatic sprinkler systems which comply with relevant Indian Standards and provide a fine spray or mist are recommended as the most satisfactory extinguishing system for bulk stores. Fire hoses and extinguishers must be fitted with fine spray nozzles to ensure that Sulphur dust clouds are not raised, as these can explode on contact with the fire.

7.6.7. Production and Supply of SO2

Following are the toxic properties of SO2 with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating N (H) =3, N (F) =0 and N(R) = 0, Threshold Limit value (TLV-TWA) value is 2 ppm


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Figure 7.2 Sulphur Dioxide Production Units

Unit produces required amount of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) at the required rate by changing Sulphur feed to the unit, it is melted by steam at 7 kg/cm2 pressure and temp 200 -2500C. Melted Sulphur is fed continuously to Sulphur burner unit. Air at controlled rate is fed to burner to produce Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Temperature is maintained at 450 - 500 0C.Gas at high temp of 400 0C to 600 0C is cooled to 60 0C and sent to the user unit through 150 mm piping at 1.5 to 1.7 atm pressure; piping length is approximately 25-30 meters. This is unit designed for production and use of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). There is practically no inventory of gas in the Sulphur burner unit and the inventory of the gas is in the pipeline from the unit to the sulphiter only. The Sulphur burning unit is located at 10 M level on South side of the plant. Refer Appendix-K for worst case scenario of Sulphur dioxide. The assessment of risk factor and toxicity index is as follows-

Toxicity Index Toxicity number: Toxicity Number (TH) is derived from the NFPA health factor NH. NH is an integer number ranging from 0 to 4.

Table 7.3 Values of NH and TH

Sr. No. NH TH1 0 02 1 503 2 1254 3 2505 4 350


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Penalty Factor The Penalty Factor (Ts) is the second toxicity parameter used to determine the TI. The Ts value is derived from the 'Threshold Limit Values (TLV). The TLV-values are drawn up by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). TLV represents a Time Weighted Average (TWA) air concentration to which workers can be exposed during a normal working week of 6 days at 8 hrs per day, without ill effects. The penalty factor is determined from the table below:

Table 7.4 Values of TLV

Sr. No TLV Penalty factor (Ts) 1 <5 1252 5-50 753 >50 5

Toxicity Index TI= Th+Ts/100 X (1+1.75+2.4) TI= 250+125/100 (5,15) = 3.75X 5.15, which is equal to 19.3 .The resulting TI values are ranked into three categories: 1-5 Light 6-9 Moderate 10- up High Hence Toxicity index is in HIGH range.

Mitigation Measures suggested and measures which are in place Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the unit should be available. Emergency Shutdown procedure should be available. Operators are trained. Emergency Shutdown procedure, in local language should be displayed. SO2 leak detectors can be installed in the plant for early warning. PPEs including Self Breathing Apparatus and gas masks should be readily available at the

operation site. It is recommended that minimum 1 or 2 one Self breathing set should be made available

at the location. Before the plant start up and every six months, pressure test and thickness test of all the

equipments and piping carrying sulphur Dioxide is being carried. To warn all workers, alarm system in case SO2 leakages has already been installed in

existing plant. SO2 leak detectors have been installed. Emergency Shutdown procedure and action plan have been already installed in existing

plant. Emergency Shutdown procedure and action has been displayed in the SO2 production area

in the local language. In case of leakage is noticed from a flange joint, emergency shutdown plant will be

ordered. Only trained persons will deal with the situations using safety appliances and breathing

apparatus. Area around SO2 production unit and main plant will be evacuated immediately.


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In case of major leakage, onsite emergency plan for the entire plant will be put in action and if necessary Govt. authorities will be alerted. Off site emergency plan will be activated. If necessary, population around 1 to 1.5 km will be warned.

LED panelled temperature sensors have been installed in the SO2 production unit. At present following safety PPEs are available at the location.

1) Safety Goggles -10 pairs 2) Gum boots 10 –pairs 3) Hand gloves - 10 pairs. 4) Mouth masks -10 numbers.

7.7. ALCOHOL MANUFACTURING UNIT This facility, particularly ethanol separation unit would be fully automated and operated through PLC. Qualitative Risk analysis (QRA), HAZOP studies will be carried out for new unit and all the recommendations, particularly related to safety, like instrumentation modifications, installation of alarms, interlocks to eliminate possible hazards due to process upsets will be in place before plant commissioning. 7.7.1. Storage of Alcohol Calculation for Fire & Explosion Index (F & E Index)

Preliminary estimate for the calculation of radius of exposure by multiplying F & E I by 0.84 is done. Assumptions are as follows: Material Factor (MF) value of 16 calculated based on NF =3 and flash point of 55 deg F material factor as per standard table is 16 and calculating General Process Hazard (GPH) and Special Process Hazard (SPH) factors as 1.5 and 2.6, based on above ground storage conditions. F& EI index calculated is = 62.4. Based on following criterion of F & EI values, hazard is rated slightly on higher side.

Table 7.5 F & EI Rating

Sr. No. Value of F & E I Rating

1 Light Hazard 1 to 452 Moderate Hazard 46 to 60 3 High Hazard 61 to 95 4 Severe Hazard 96 and above

Mitigation Measures

1. Based on standard recommendations it is recommended to have Alcohol storage tanks

should be in open in dyke walls and must have spill collection and control (recycle) arrangement to pump into another tank.

2. As indicated the storage should be in open with dyke walls. 3. Clear distance between tanks will be provided as per the requirement of Petroleum Rules

2002. 4. Location of pumps, location of tank farm in the factory should be as per the requirements

of Petroleum rules 2002. 5. Necessary approval from Chief Controller of Explosives should be obtained for the

alcohol storage, tank location, tank farm location and factory lay out. 6. In Present plant layout, clear distance between 800 Cu. M Alcohol storage tanks appears

to be less than half the tank diameter.


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7. Such details and location of the tank-farm from the operation plant, other buildings will be examined and necessary modification will be made to conform to the Petroleum rules for the storage of class A flammable chemicals.

Fire fighting system design for the plant Existing fire fighting system will be modified/augmented (Including water storage if Necessary) to install the fire fighting system for Alcohol manufacturing plant and particularly around alcohol storage tanks.

Following guidelines are given for the same

Fire hydrant system, with necessary alarm systems, piping, with required number of hydrant points, hose boxes, pump, auxiliary pump to operate, auxiliary power generator/backup will be designed as per relevant IS standards.

The static fire fighting pumps shall conform to the requirements given in IS 12469: 1988. The capacity of pumps should be worked out based on requirements of output and pressure for the system. 171 m3 / Hr , @ 7.kg / Cm2 .Provision shall be made for standby pumps fed from different source of power at the rate of 50 percent of aggregate number of pumps, subject to minimum of one and maximum of two. Where pumps are of different capacities as per DBR we require Main Electric Pump, Stand by Pump Electric or DG , Sprinkler Pump if further applicable and Jokey Pump. Fire fighting hydrant system in the entire plant will be as per IS 909: 1975 Standard with hose Reels.

For determining water requirement, pump capacity, pump discharge, foam fire fighting Arrangements it is recommended to design the same as per OISD 117 standards.

Fire fighting system design around alcohol storage

Special fire fighting arrangement around RS and alcohol, ENA tank farm will have

Medium Velocity Water Spray system Configured with Deluge Valve System and Automatic Smoke Detection System with Multisensory Detectors with Manual Call Point and Hooter. Automatic Sprinkler System Or Internal Hydrant & Hose Reel with Foam Ratio

Controller. NFPA 13 & 15 + Foam Monitor Nozzle. NFPA 13 & 15 Foam sprinkler system, configured with AFFF foam tank NFPA 16

Details On Fire Fighting System Around The Alcohol Storage Area

Guidelines in OISD 117 will be followed, while designing fire fighting system around the

alcohol storage area. The main components of the fire system are fire water storage, fire water pumps and

distribution piping network. The fire water system installation will be designed to meet the fire water flow

requirement to fight single largest risk at a time. Fire water flow rate for a tank farm will be segregated of the following -

a. Water flow calculated for cooling a tank on fire at a rate of 3 lpm/m² of tank shell area. b. Water flow calculated for exposure protection for all other tanks falling within a radius

of (R+30) meters from centre of the tank on fire (R-Radius of tank on fire) and situated in the same dyke at a rate of 3 lpm/m2 of tank shell area.


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c. Water flow calculated for exposure protection for all other tanks falling outside a radius of (R+30) m from centre of the tank on fire and situated in the same dyke at a rate of 1 lpm/m2 of tank shell area.

d. Foam water requirement required will be calculated based on 5 lpm/m2 of tank area. e. For water flow calculations, all tanks farms having class A or B petroleum storage will

be considered irrespective of diameter of tanks and whether fixed water spray system is provided or not.

f. Various combinations will be considered in the tank farm for arriving at different fire water flow rate and the largest rate to be considered for design.

g. Fire water flow rate for supplementary streams will be based on using 4 single hydrant outlets and 1 monitor simultaneously.

h. Capacity of each hydrant outlet as 36 M3/Hr and each monitor as 144 M3/Hr minimum will be considered at a pressure of 7 kg/cm2g.

i. Medium velocity water spray system configured with deluge valve system and automatic smoke detection system with multisensory detectors with manual call point and hooter.

j. Automatic sprinkler system or internal hydrant & hose reel with foam ratio controller. NFPA 13 & 15 + Foam Monitor Nozzle. NFPA 13 & 15 foam sprinkler system, configured with AFFF foam tank NFPA 16.

B) Header Pressure- Fire water system will be designed for a minimum residual pressure of 7 Kg/cm2 (g) at hydraulically remotest point in the installation considering single largest risk scenario. C) Storage a. Water for the fire fighting will be stored in easily accessible surface or underground or

above ground tanks of steel, concrete or masonry. b. The effective capacity of the reservoir/tank above the level of suction point will be

minimum 4 hours aggregate rated capacity of pumps. However, where reliable make up water supply is 50% or more of design flow rate, the storage capacity may be reduced to 3 hours aggregate rated capacity of pumps.

D) Others

Frequent checking of pipe lines and storage units will be done. HAZOP studies will be carried out with the participation of plant personnel and submit

the report, clearly indicating additional safety measures recommended with respect to additional instrumentation, alarms etc, operating instructions, safety provisions.

Welding will not be done near combustible material storage. Disaster/ emergency prepared plan will be prepared as per the guidelines and rules laid

down in Factory's act. Regular mock drills and trainings for success of emergency plan during actual emergency

will be carried out. Emergency procedures will be laid down clearly and convincingly to everyone on site, particularly the key personnel & essential workers. Record will be maintained for same.

Safety policy, Environment, Health and Safety policy will be formulated and will be displayed at all prominent places in the plant and offices.


184

Properly equipped Occupational Health Care will be established in the factory premise / the present one will be suitably augmented with increased facilities to take care of the workers to be employed in the new proposed plant as per the factories act 74 W.

Regular medical check-up of workers will be carried out and proper records will be maintained. Details of tests to be carried out will be finalized with OHC doctor and will be informed.

Representation of the OISD norms is given in Figure 7.2

Figure 7.3 Ethanol Storage Tank Representations

During public hearing, a question was raised regarding storage of alcohol. Technical Consultant answered that under proposed distillery there will be provision of storage tanks for alcohol. There under, receiving tanks of 50 M3 (9 Nos.), 10 M3 (3 Nos.) and bulk storage of 800 M3 (3 Nos) and 200 M3 (2 Nos.) will be provided. The material of construction used for tanks would be Mild Steel. Depending upon the daily production of alcohol, the capacity of the tanks has been decided. The details of Storage Tanks are as follows –

Table 7.6 Details of Storage Tanks

Sr. No.

Description Specification Diameter Height

1 RS Daily Receivers Capacity - 50m3


3400 mm 5250mm

2 ENA Daily Receivers Capacity - 50m3


3400 mm 5250mm

3 Ethanol Daily Receivers Capacity- 50m3


3400 mm 5250mm


185

Sr. No.

Description Specification Diameter Height

4 TA Daily Receiver Capacity- 10 m3


2100 mm 3000 mm

5 RS Bulk Storage Capacity- 800m3


11250 mm 13750 mm

6 ENA Bulk Storage Capacity- 800m3


11250 mm 13750 mm

7 Ethanol Bulk Storage Capacity- 800m3


11250 mm 13750 mm

8 TA Bulk Storage Capacity- 200 m3


5800 mm 7500 mm

9 Fusel Oil storage tank Capacity- 20m3


2100 mm 3000 mm

10 Deneturaction Tank Capacity- 100 m3


4500 mm 6000 mm

Refer Appendix-K for worst case scenario of Alcohol. 7.8. FIRE TRIANGLE Following representation will be displayed at the premises of the distillery area for better understanding of the fire safety.

Figure 7.4 Fire Triangle

Mitigation measures for leakages and Fire

Approval from Chief Controller of Explosives (CCOE) ' will be procured in addition to regular factory inspector's approval and other statutory approvals. a) With respect to the Petroleum Act, Petroleum rules, 2002 following important

measures with respect to tank layout and factory layout will be followed Minimum Clear distance between two tanks will be 0.5 D or d or 15 meters D= tank diameter in meters, d= diameter of small tank in meters or (D+d)/4.


186

b) Tanker vehicle loading / unloading centre of the bay area will be minimum 15 meters away from the tanks storage periphery.

c) Boundary fencing will be minimum 20 meters away from periphery. d) All the tanks will be placed within the area surrounded by dyke wall, constructed as

per standard design and construction norms. e) Volume within the dyke wall shall be more than the largest storage tank inside the

dyke wall. f) Provision of spare tank for pumping large alcohol spillage or leakage by proving

sump and pump connection. g) In case, spare tank is not provided pump piping will be provided such that large

leakage can be pumped to a suitable process tank. h) All pump motors and other electrical fittings will be flame proof of suitable class. i) Chilled water condenser will be provided over the tanks to avoid alcohol loss. j) Suitable and proper safety measures will be installed on the tanks. k) Tanks will be provided with level indicating instruments with high and low level

alarms. l) A small spark of fire may result into loss of lives, machines and the damage by fire

may result in high economic losses. This type of losses can be avoided by preventing and controlling the fire instantly for which fire–fighting group will be established.

m) The fire fighting group would keep in stock adequate number and keep in readiness, the following types of equipment and arrangements.

a. CO2 extinguishers b. Dry powder chemical extinguishers c. Foam extinguishers d. 80 mm. spray hoses e. Fire brigade

7.8.1. Fire Fighting Arrangements On Site Fire hydrant line is there on site for bagasse storage area. Fire extinguishers are available onsite in sugar manufacturing unit. The details are given as follows.

Table 7.7 Fire Extinguishers at Sugar Manufacturing Unit

Sr. No.

Place Fire Extinguisher

Type

Quantity Manufacturing Year

No.

1 Power House

Carbon Dioxide Type

Capacity - 22.5 Kg Serial No.-8928 Make-Reliable Fire Engineers Hy. tested to 250 kgf/cm2

2013 1 No.

2

Switch Yard

Carbon Dioxide Type

Capacity -22.5 Kg Serial No.-8928 Make-Reliable Fire Engineers Hy.tested to 250 kgf/cm2

2013 1 No.


187

Table 7.8 Sand Buckets

No. Place Fire Extinguisher Type Quantity 1 Power House Sand Buckets 2 Nos. 2 Switch Yard Sand Buckets 8 Nos.

Table 7.9 Fire Hydrant Pumps at Sugar Manufacturing

No. Area of the plant No.

1 Fire Hydrant System Open Well Submersible 02 nos. 7.9. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ASPECTS AND MEDICAL PROVISION IN

THE FACTORY

Effects of Alcohol on health It reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials. TLV for 8 hr. is 1000 ppm (ACGIH). Minimum identifiable concentration has been reported as 350 ppm. Exposure to concentrations of 5000 -10000 ppm results in irritation of eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. To prevent injury to workers, standard PPEs will be provided. In addition, sufficient number of Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) will be provided in case of major alcohol leakage to avoid exposure to higher levels of alcohol. All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure of employees to occupational safety and health hazards. 7.9.1. Medical check-up Pre & post medical check-ups are being done of all the employees. Employees will be regularly examined and the medical records will be maintained for each employee. Pulmonary function test and periodical medical check-up shall be done once in every year. The following tests have been conducted for each worker: Lung Function Test Radiology - X-ray Pulmonary Function Test Audiometric Test General clinical examination with emphasis on respiratory system Pre employment examinations Periodical medical examinations at the time of employment and after completion of

employment. The Check-up reports can be refereed at Appendix-I. 7.9.2. Occupational Health Centre (OHC)

Effects of Alcohol on health:

It reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials. TLV for 8 hr. is 1000 ppm (ACGIH).Minimum identifiable concentration has been reported as 350 ppm. Exposure to concentrations of 5000 10000 ppm results in irritation of eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.


188

Effects of exposure to higher concentration of Alcohol in the atmosphere are given in the following table:

Table 7.10 Effect of Ethyl Alcohol

mg/l Ppm Effects in human10-20 5300 – 10,640 Some transient coughing and smarting of eyes and

nose, not tolerable30 15,960 Continuous lacrimation and marked coughing; could be

tolerated with discomfort.40 21,280 Just tolerable for short period

> 40 >21,280 Intolerable To prevent injury to workers, standard PPEs will be provided. In addition, sufficient

number of Self-contained breathing apparatus will be provided to be used in case of major alcohol leakage to avoid exposure to higher levels of Alcohol.

All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure of employees to occupational safety and health hazards.

Medical check-up: Pre & post medical check-ups will be done of all the employees. Employees will be regularly examined and the medical records will be maintained for each employee.

Pulmonary function test and periodical medical check up shall be done once in every year. The following tests will be conducted for each worker:

Lung Function Test Radiology – X-ray Pulmonary Function Test Audiometric Test General clinical examination with emphasis on respiratory system Pre employment examinations Periodical medical examinations at the time of employment and after completion of

employment. Standard Medical facilities will be designed as per rule and will be provided in the OHC

for proposed project. Some important are illustrated below: 1. Well equipped First Aid Boxes will be provided in each Section of the factory. 2. Snake bite Lancet will be made available. 3. In case of need, factory will be having dispensary to give effective medical facility to

workers. In dispensary, sufficient stock of medicines will be available to provide to workers in case of any major emergent situation.

4. A vehicle will be always available to shift the sick/injured person to District Hospital. 5. Ambulance will be made available 24X7 in the factory to deal and take the injured

workers to the district hospital. 7.10. ONSITE AND OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLAN On site and off site emergency plan will be made according to the Factory Act, Schedule 6 Rule 12(1). Also systematic format will be followed as it is followed for existing plant of sugar manufacturing.

Chapter 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

PROJECT BENEFITS…8

189

8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS Any industrial activity helps in improving the social status of the locality. The proposed project by MLSCIL will result in improvement of infrastructure and social structure in the study area that will lead to sustainable development. The community that inhabit in the nearby areas will be benefited directly or indirectly by this project. Following benefits due to the proposed project are expected - 8.1.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure Due to a number of actions and planning proposed by the MLSCIL management, the status of physical infrastructure in command area of the industry is bound to improve. Thus, there shall be a positive impact on this aspect. Following are certain steps that the industry would take –

Industry shall construct tar roads for easy access to the work site. It will also help in

transportation of raw materials and products from the industry. This will improve the transportation facilities and road connectivity in the area.

Industry shall adopt the rainwater harvesting systems that will improve the ground water table. As no any groundwater is utilized for the proposed project of distillery, it will be indeed useful to the surrounding farmers in their fields.

Plantation of trees in the industrial area and its surrounding shall help in improving the aesthetic beauty of the surrounding environment giving a pleasant look and improvising the air quality. Also, green belt will help in arresting dust emissions as well as noise. Compost prepared by using distillery spentwash and sugar press mud shall be used as fertilizer and treated wastewater will be used for the growth of the plants.

The industry has provided fresh water lifting scheme on sangolgi bandhara. Villages in study area would be benefited from CER activities to be undertaken by industry especially in respect of sanitation through provision of toilets and MSW management actions.

8.1.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure Upliftment of the sector: Due to the presence of the industry there will be availability of

various amenities and facilities viz. various shops, banking facilities and post office. This will help in boosting the standard of the area and the living.

People residing in the nearby areas will be benefited by the educational facility that will help in enhancing literacy rate and safety in that area.

The industry shall organize various campaigns regarding the medical and health check up for the workers / labours and also for the local people. This will help in improving the good sanitation practice as well as health awareness among the people. Ambulance service will be made available for everyone.

By upcoming of the industry, the frequency of the local transportation will increase in this area. This will help shorten the time reaching destination and utilize it for some fruitful productive work.

Press mud produced is composted along with spent wash generated from the distillery plant to produce enriched bio-manure. It will be supplied to farmers for use in cultivation of sugarcane and other crops. The composted bio-manure is rich in nutrients and use of the same will reduce the need for chemical fertilizer.

PROJECT BENEFITS…8

190

8.2 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL In any industrial activity all three types i.e. skilled, semi skilled and unskilled people are required. In MLSCIL preference is given for employment to local people based on qualification and requirement. When the production of sugar, alcohol and power manufacturing becomes stable, expansion may become possible further and then employment availability may further enhance. Hence, it can be stated that by this activity employment potentials certainly increasing in all walks of life – skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. 8.3 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS After execution of the project the above mentioned benefits shall accrue. Apart from this other tangible benefits are mentioned below - After establishment, the industry will meet the national interest of economical growth

through sustainable development, as alcohol has been a great source of revenue through excise duty levied by the Government.

First Aid Training and fire safety training will be given to all the workers.

Insurance Policies for the workers and local people will be made available.

Improvement in the aesthetic through green belt development.

The ground water recharging shall be done by arresting rainwater.

Chapter 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...9

191

9.1 INTRODUCTION Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required for ensuring sustainable development. It should not affect the surrounding environment adversely. The management plan presented in this chapter needs to be implemented by the proposed distillery unit. The EMP aims at controlling pollution at source with available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures. Waste minimization and waste recycling measures are emphasized. In addition to the industry specific control measures, the proposed industry should adopt following guidelines.

Application of Low and Non Waste Technology in the production process; Adoption of reuse and recycling technologies to reduce generation of wastes and to

optimize the production cost of the industry.

The recycling and reuse of industrial waste not only reduces the waste generation but also can be an economic gain to the industry. Further, the management of the MLSCIL will take all the necessary steps to control and mitigate the environmental pollution in the designing stage of the project. While implementing the project the management will follow guidelines issued by CPCB. The EMP is prepared based on the existing environmental status of the project location and anticipated impacts of the project activities on environment.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC)

As a part of the EMP, it is essential to formulate an Environmental Management Cell (EMC). The MLSCIL is already having a cell functioning under existing project. The cell works under Chairman of the industry and responsible persons from certain departments have been taken as members. EMC is responsible for all the activities and actions as well as outputs and management of entire infrastructure provided for control and abatement of pollution in the MLSCIL complex. Further, the cell is also active in protecting state of environment in the study area around existing campus of MLSCIL. Various programs and tasks towards conservation, awareness, promotion, review etc. are undertaken and implemented through the existing environmental management cell of MLSCIL. This cell will also be responsible for taking care of actions and implementations subsequent to the proposed distillery program by MLSCIL. Further, the EMC will be adequately expanded by incorporation of certain new members since the workload on existing ones is going to be increased substantially subsequent to commissioning of establishment of proposed distillery. Following table gives details about EMC in the industry.

Table 9.1 Environmental Management Cell

Sr. No.

Name of Member Designation Number of Person(s)

1. Mr. Siddharam Mhetre Chairman 1 2. Mr. Gokul D. Shinde Vice-Chairman 1 3. Mr. Datta B. Shinde Managing Director 1 4. Mr. Bhagwan Shinde Director 1 5. Mr. Shivraj Mhetre Director 1 6. Dr. Sangram Ghugare Env. Consultant


192

Sr. No.

Name of Member Designation Number of Person(s)

Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd. 7. Mr. R. K. Gadade Works Manager 1 8. Mr. P. B. Pawar Manager (Production) 1 9. Mr. A. S. Patil General Manager (Cane) 1

10. Mr. K. L. Hosure Cane Manager 1

Figure 9.1 Environmental Management Cell and Responsibilities

Members of the Environmental cell would be well qualified and experienced in the concerned fields. Some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature etc. will be carried out in the laboratory that would be established at the site. However, for additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc., services of accredited laboratories as well as that of a consultant would be hired.

Managing Director Effective implementation of EMP

Sugar Factory Team Responsible for all activities in this unit related to Safety, Health and Environment (SHE)

Health and Safety Manager Reporting the Vice President, Operational Risk Committee and the Board on matters regarding SHE performance, SHE Management System performance and the SHE risk position in the Industry

Environmental Engineer

Providing technical advice on implementation of SHE management plan.

Environmental Chemist

Collecting and analyzing the samples and developing remediation programs.

Distillery Team Responsible for all activities in this unit related to Safety, Health and Environment (SHE)

Safety Officer Developing & implementing occupational health and safety policy, program and procedure, increasing health and safety awareness at all levels within the organizations.

Co-gen Team Responsible for all activities in this unit related to Safety, Health and Environment (SHE)


193

9.3 WORKING OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Figure 9.2 Environmental Management Plan 9.4 RECOMMENDATION & IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter 4 would be implemented. This will reduce the impact on environment due to the proposed molasses based distillery. To facilitate easy implementation, the recommendations suggested are grouped in different phases. The most important measures are accommodated in earlier phase whereas the lesser important ones are grouped in later phase. 9.4.1 Summary of Recommendations

Table 9.2 Summary of Recommendations

Sr. No.

Aspect Recommendations & Proposed Action

1. Water Consumption

The total water requirement for 45 KLPD distillery project would be 439 M3/Day. During sugar cane crushing season (180 days) out of total water required 210 M3/Day would be sugar cane condensate, 224 M3/Day would be recycled water from proposed CPU, 4 M3/Day would be treated water from STP and 1 M3/Day would be fresh water for domestic purpose. It could be seen that during sugar cane crushing season 99.7% i.e. 100% recycled water will be used for proposed distillery. No any fresh water except for domestic purpose will be required during crushing season. During non crushing season of sugar factory out of total water requirement only 215 M3/Day would be fresh water (4.7 KL/KL of Alcohol) taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara will be required for distillery. Remaining 224 M3/Day (50% recycle) would be recycled water

Environmental Policy

Planning • Environmental Aspects • Objectives & Targets • Environmental Management

Implementation • Implementation of EMP in all the three plants

i.e. Sugar factory, Co-gen and Distillery • Document Control • Operational Control • Emergency Preparedness/Response

Checking / Corrective Action • Monitoring & Measurement • Non-conformance & Corrective & Preventive

Action • Records • EMS Audits

Management Review Preparing Environmental Plan

and Policy


194

Sr. No.


from proposed CPU. In existing sugar factory & co-gen plant total water requirement for various industrial activities in MLSCIL is to the tune of 2,151 M3/Day. Out of total water requirement, 2,127 M3/Day is for industrial purpose & 24M3/Day for domestic purpose. Moreover for industrial purpose 1,980 M3/Day (92%) is utilized from sugar cane condensate. Remaining quantity of 149.4 M3/Day (7%) is fresh water taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. About 21.6 M3/Day (1%) of STP treated water will be recycled for flushing purpose & 2.4 M3/Day is fresh water. It has been suggested to Project Proponents (PP) to make use sugar factory condensate, treated water from distillery CPU and treated water from STP during crushing season. This will reduce the load of fresh water demand under proposed distillery during crushing season i.e. 100% recycle water will be achieved. Whereas, during non-crushing season, recycled water from distillery CPU will be used i.e. approximately 50% recycle will be achieved. The suggestion to MLSCIL management was made based on earlier experience of the EIA Coordinator - Dr. Sangram Ghugare - when he dealt in year 2016-17 with one proposed 45 KLPD molasses based distillery project of M/s. Jaywant Sugars Ltd. (MLSCIL); Satara district of Maharashtra. Under present case of MLSCIL, if this strategy is adopted about 100% fresh water could be saved during crushing season and 50 % fresh water could be saved during non- crushing.

2. Effluent Treatment

Effluent generated from proposed 45 KLPD distillery plant would comprise of raw spentwash @ of 335 KL, spent lees @ 90 KL and other effluents viz. cooling blow downs, lab & washing @ 10 M3/Day. Raw spentwash shall be primarily treated in Bio-methanation plant followed by concentration in MEE. Concentrated spentwash @ 200 M3/Day shall be forwarded for bio-composting along with press mud, boiler ash and yeast sludge. Effluents like MEE condensate (130 M3/Day), spent lees (90 M3/Day) and other effluents 10 M3/Day shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU. The domestic effluent under the proposed distillery would be 4.5 M3/Day. Further, effluent form existing sugar factory and co-gen plant @ 200 M3/Day is being treated in full fledge Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) provided on site. Quantity of domestic effluent from existing sugar factory is to the tune of 23.5 M3/Day. Presently, it would be treated in septic tank followed by sock pit. MLSCIL management has planned to install STP for domestic effluent treatment under proposed distillery establishment. Treated water from STP shall be used for flushing purpose.

3. Air Pollution Control

The steam required for the distillery operations shall be taken from two existing Co-gen boilers. Air pollution control measures


195

Sr. No.


involves Wet Scrubber as an APC. Common stack of 65 M height is used as APC equipment. No new D.G. Set will be installed under proposed distillery.

4. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management

Proper arrangements and planning of sale of the solid waste of industrial unit.

Solid waste in form of boiler ash shall be generated from bagasse burning in boiler as well as yeast sludge and CPU sludge from distillery and biological sludge from ETP from sugar factory.

Ash shall be stored in silo and shall be transported to disposal site through covered vehicles.

Hazardous waste in the form of spent oil shall be generated from proposed distillery and existing sugar and co-gen unit. The same shall be stored in HDPE drums.

Adequate storage and disposal shall be done of hazardous waste. 5. Ecological

Preservation and Upgradation

Implementation of vegetative plantation with a time bound program.

Greenbelt development along the periphery and along the roads of proposed unit.

Maintenance of the proposed plantation with due care. 6. Improvement

of Socio-Economic Aspects

The proposed unit will generate primary and secondary employment in the region.

Programs related to health, hygiene and education will be arranged and workshops as well as seminars would be conducted in nearby vicinity for creating public awareness.

Active participation shall be done in the activities considered under CER.

9.5 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

ASPECTS After commissioning of the project, regular monitoring of Environmental Attributes such as Ambient Air Quality, Stack Emissions, Noise, and Effluent would be done on regular basis.

Table 9.3 Implementation Schedule

Sr. No.

Recommendations Time period Implementation schedule Immediate Progressive As per Time

Schedule of Proposed Unit

1. Air Pollution Control (Stack of Distillery Boiler)

Before proposed establishment of distillery

* - -

2. Water Pollution Control (Execution of Sugar ETP)

-- Already implemented under existing unit


196

Sr. No.

Recommendations Time period Implementation schedule Immediate Progressive As per Time

Schedule of Proposed Unit

Proposed CPU plant

Before proposed establishment of distillery

* - -

3. Noise Control (Green belt development as well as isolation and Insulation)

* - -

4. Solid waste Management (Compost yard)

Stage Wise - * -

5. Ecological aspects (Green belt development)

Stage wise * * -

6. Socio-economic aspects (CSR)

Stage wise - - *

Note: ‘ * ’ indicates implementation of recommendations 9.6 POST ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE COMPLIANCE

After commissioning of the proposed distillery, regular monitoring of Environmental Attributes such as Ambient Air Quality, Stack Emissions, Noise and Effluent would be done on regular basis. Refer Chapter 6 for details w.r.t Post Monitoring Program to be conducted. Following compliance against the consent conditions after commissioning of project would be observed under the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules 2010

Table 9.4 Statutory Compliance to be Observed

Sr. No. Description Frequency Remark

1. Renewal of Consent Once in a year Application for renewal shall be done 60 days before the expiry date

2. Environmental Statement

Once in a year Would be submitted for every financial year before 30th September of next year

3. Hazardous Waste Returns

Once in a year Would be submitted for every financial year before 30th June of next year.

4. Cess Returns Monthly Twelve Returns would be submitted every year


197

9.6.1 Monitoring Equipment Air Quality and Meteorological Instruments

1. Fine Dust Sampler 2. Weather station with Wind Vane, Anemometer, Thermometer, Dry/Wet Bulb

Thermometer, Rain-gauge 3. Spectrophotometer 4. Single pan balance up to 0.0001gms detection levels. 5. Relevant chemicals as required 6. Oven

Water and Waste Water Quality

1. BOD Incubator 2. COD reflux assembly 3. Refrigerator 4. Thermometer 5. pH meter 6. Stop watch 7. Distilled water plant 8. Pipette box 9. Titration set 10. Relevant chemicals and glass wares

Noise Levels

Sound level meter in different scales like A, B and C with slow and fast response options Soil Characteristics

Soil samplers (auger) to collect soil samples.

Chapter 10

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION…10

198

10.1 INTRODUCTION This EIA report has been prepared for proposed project by M/s. Matoshri Laxmi Sugar Cogeneration Industries Ltd. (MLSCIL), Satling Nagar, At: Ruddhewadi, Post: Dudhani Taluka:Akkalkot District: Solapur, Maharashtra. By taking into consideration the raw material availability in the command area and demand of the products (alcohol) in the market, the promoters of MLSCIL have planned to go for establishment of 45 KLPD molasses based distillery in the premises of sugar factory of 3500 TCD & co-gen plant of 10 MW. The above-proposed project attracts the condition of Environmental Clearance procurement as per the EIA Notification No. S. O. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006; amendments thereat. Accordingly, it has been listed under Category – A; Item No.: 5 (g). The proposed project was considered by the EAC on 27.09.2016 for grant of ToRs. The same are issued by MoEFCC vide letter J-11011/308/2016-IA II (I) dated 21.11.2016. Total capital investment towards the proposed project of distillery is Rs. 68.50 Crores and that of sugar factory and co-gen plant is Rs. 99.56 Crores. Sugar Factory is registered under IEM Registration, vide No. U15421PN2011PLC140080 dated 06.07.2011. 10.2 PROJECT AT A GLANCE

Table 10.1 Project at a Glance

No. Particulars Details 1. Name and address of the Industry Matoshri Laxmi Sugar and Co-generation

Industries Ltd., Satling Nagar, At.: Ruddhewadi, Post: Dudhani, Tal.: Akkalkot, Dist.: Solapur, Maharashtra.

2. Land Acquired (Sugar, Co-gen & Distillery) Total Plot Area - 4,44,971 Sq.M. (44.49 Ha)3. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four

corners of the site (Proposed Distillery) 17022’52.43’’ N and 76020’32.82’’ E 17022’53.79’’ N and 76020’40.40’’ E 17022’42.50’’ N and 76020’38.79’’ E 17022’43.14’’ N and 76020’32.64’’ E

4. Elevation 450 M above MSL5. Nearest Habitation / Schools / Hospitals Ruddhewadi (1.56 Km)6. Nearest city Akkalkot (21.36 Km)7. Nearest highway SH-154 (11 Km)8. Nearest railway track Dudhani Railway Station (4.41 Km) 9. Nearest airport Solapur Airport (50.89 Km) 10. Nearest tourist places Akkalkot Swami Samarth Maharaja Temple 11. Defense installations Nil within 10 Km radius12. Archaeological important place /

Historical Monuments Nil within 10 Km radius

13. Ecological sensitive zones Nil within 10 Km radius14. Reserved/ Protected forest/ National

Parks / Wildlife Sanctuary / Wetland / Estuaries / Biosphere reserves (from Project Site)

Nil within 10 Km radius

15. Nearest streams / Rivers / water bodies (from Project Site)

Bori River (1.80 Km)


199

10.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 10.3.1 Product and Raw Material

Table 10.2 List of Products

Industrial Unit Products Quantity Distillery (45 KLPD) (Proposed)

Rectified Spirit (RS) 1,350 KL/M (45 KLPD)Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) 1,350 KL/M (45 KLPD)Ethanol 1,350 KL/M (45 KLPD)Impure Spirit 75 KL/M (2.5 KLPD)By–productsCompost 145 MT/Day Biogas 28,800 M3/Day


Sugar 10,500 MT/M By - productsMolasses 4,200 MT/M Bagasse 31,500 MT/M Pressmud 3,675 MT/M

Co-Generation Plant (10 MW) (Existing)

Electricity 10 MW

Table 10.3 Raw Materials for Integrated Complex

Industrial Unit Raw Materials Quantity Source

Distillery (45 KLPD) (Proposed)

Molasses 5,000 MT/M Own Sugar Factory Yeast 2 MT/M

Local Vendors Urea 2 MT/M De-foaming Oil 1 MT/M


Sugar Cane 1,05,000 MT/M Near By Farms Lime 168 MT/M Local Vendors Sulphur 52 MT/M

Co-Gen Plant (10 MW) (Existing)

Bagasse 26,160 MT/M Own Sugar Factory


200

Figure 10.1 Manufacturing Process of Sugar, Co-gen and Distillery

10.4 SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES 10.4.1 Water Pollution Water requirement for proposed 45 KLPD distillery project would be 439 M3/Day.

During sugar cane crushing season (180 days) out of total water required 210 M3/Day would be sugar cane condensate, 224 M3/Day would be recycled water from proposed CPU, 4 M3/Day would be treated water from STP and 1 M3/Day would be fresh water for domestic purpose. It could be seen that during sugar cane crushing season 99.7% i.e. 100% recycled water will be used for proposed distillery. No any fresh water except for domestic purpose will be required during crushing season. During non crushing season of sugar factory out of total water requirement only 215 M3/Day would be fresh water (4.7 KL/ KL of Alcohol) taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara will be required for distillery. Remaining 224 M3/Day (50% recycled) would be recycled water from proposed CPU.

Effluent generated from proposed 45 KLPD distillery plant would comprise of raw spentwash @ of 335 KL, spent lees @ 90 KL and other effluents viz. cooling blow downs, lab & washing @ 10 M3/Day. Raw spentwash shall be primarily treated in Bio-methanation plant followed by concentration in MEE. Concentrated spentwash @ 200 M3/Day shall be forwarded for bio-composting along with press mud, boiler ash and yeast


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sludge. Effluents like MEE condensate (130 M3/Day), spent lees (90 M3/Day) and other effluents 10 M3/Day shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU. The domestic effluent under the proposed distillery would be 4.5 M3/Day.

In existing sugar factory & co-gen plant total water requirement for various industrial

activities in MLSCIL is to the tune of 2,151 M3/Day. Out of total water requirement, 2,127 M3/Day is for industrial purpose & 24M3/Day for domestic purpose. Moreover for industrial purpose 1,980 M3/Day (92%) is utilized from sugar cane condensate. Remaining quantity of 149.4 M3/Day (7%) is fresh water taken from Sangolgi Bk. Bandhara. About 21.6 M3/Day (1%) of STP treated water will be recycled for flushing purpose & 2.4 M3/Day is fresh water. Other effluents MEE condensate @ 130 M3/Day, cooling blow down @ 5 M3/Day, Lab & Washing @ 5 M3/Day shall be treated in proposed distillery CPU. Further, effluent form existing sugar factory and co-gen plant @ 200 M3/Day is being treated in full fledge ETP provided on site. Quantity of domestic effluent from existing sugar factory is to the tune of 23.5 M3/Day. Presently, it would be treated in septic tank followed by sock pit. MLSCIL management has planned to install STP for domestic effluent treatment under proposed distillery establishment. Treated water from STP shall be used for flushing purpose.

10.4.2 Air Pollution Under the existing sugar and co-gen unit, two boilers of 50 TPH and 30 TPH are

installed. Fuel in the form of bagasse to the tune of 545 MT/Day and 328 MT/Day is used for boilers 50 TPH and 30 TPH respectively. These boilers are provided with wet scrubber preceding the common stack of 65 M height as APC.

Two D.G. Sets of 160 KVA and 500 KVA capacities are installed with adequate stack height and acoustic enclosure.

Green belt will be developed in 156137 Sq.M.. Green belt developed in the premises acts like adsorbent of air pollutants.

10.4.3 Noise Pollution The source of noise generation would be the cane carrier, mills, pumps, compressors, and

boiler house as well as stand by D.G. Set. The equipments are designed to meet these conditions under proposed unit. D.G. Sets are enclosed in a separate canopy to reduce the noise levels. Green belt is developed to attenuate the noise levels.

10.4.4 Solid Waste

Table 10.4 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal Details

No. Industrial Unit

Waste Type


1. Distillery Yeast Sludge 10KL/Day Immediate utilization

To be consumed during spentwash composting process. CPU sludge 0.5 MT/M

2. Sugar Factory

Boiler Ash 30 MT/D Silo cap. 50 MT Sold to brick manufacturers

Biological sludge from ETP

15 MT/D -- Used as fertilizer in own land


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10.4.5 Hazardous Waste

Table 10.5 Hazardous Waste Details

Sr. No

Industrial Unit Hazardous Waste Category


1 Sugar Factory and Co-gen Plant

5.1 - Spent Oil 5.0 Kg/Day

HDPE Drums

Reuse in own boiler as fuel

2 Proposed Distillery

5.1 - Spent Oil 1.8 MT/Yr

HDPE Drums

Would be burnt with bagasse in co-gen boiler.

10.4.6 Odour Pollution In the integrated complex of MLSCIL sources of odor generation is from ETP, molasses tanks, stale cane, bad mill sanitation, bacterial growth in interconnecting pipes & unattended drains. The mitigation measures for controlling the same are proper housekeeping, sludge management in biological ETP units, Steaming of major pipe lines, Regular use of Bleaching powder in the drains, Efficient handling, prompt & proper disposal of pressmud. 10.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT Trees would be planted in the proposed project’s premises along roads as well as along

the fence. A thick barrier of trees would be created along the entire periphery of the plot. Trees of commercial importance would be planted. In the immediate vicinity of ash storage sections / go-downs, the trees tolerant to dust

would be planted. Total land acquired for Sugar Factory, Co-gen Plant and Distillery is 444971 M2. The

area proposed under green belt would be about 156137 M2 which is to the tune of 35 % of the total plot area available with the industry.

10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the following: State of pollution within the plant and in its vicinity; Examine the efficiency of Pollution Control Systems installed in the plant; Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution; To assess environmental impacts.

The project management will carry out the monitoring regularly and record shall be maintained of the same. For details w.r.t post monitoring program to be conducted; refer Chapter – 6. 10.7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environment Management Plan aims at controlling pollution at source with available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures. The MLSCIL shall effectively implement the EMP. The EHS Officer shall report the Managing Director, Operational Risk


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Committee and the Board on matters regarding HSE performance, HSE management system performance and the HSE risk position in the Industry.

10.8 CONCLUSION The proposed project of distillery plant MLSCIL will help to elevate the economic growth at the local level as well as national level. It will also generate the employment in the study region, thereby improving the standard of living in the region. The proposed activity shall not disturb the land use pattern in the study region of 10 Km. The waste material generated from the sugar factory in the form of bagasse, pressmud and molasses will be used effectively for production of power and alcohol thereby providing value addition. Moreover, the compost produced can also be used as soil conditioner in the fields. The power generation projects not only fulfill the captive needs of the industry but also the surplus power is exported to grid. The proposed project is further beneficial for society without hampering the environment and thereby accomplishing the aim of sustainable development.

Chapter 11

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS …11

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11.1 THE ORGANIZATION Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL) is a major company under the 'Equinox Group' (EG). It is one of the leading environmental consultants in the country and renders all the environmental services, under one roof, needed by various industries. EG companies offer services related to Environmental; Civil & Chemical Engineering, Pollution Control & its abatement, Industrial Safety, health & Hygiene. EEIPL is an ISO 9001:2008 certified organization (DNV-GL) that has been duly accredited through QCI – NABET for the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC); New Delhi as recognized and approved ‘Environmental Consultant’ at the National Level. EG group is in environmental business since 1997 and operates through its offices located in Kolhapur, New New Mumbai, Hyderabad and New Delhi in India as well as at Baltimore in Maryland; USA. Moreover, the organization is having back up of a most modern laboratory infrastructure. The NABL accredited lab, also approved by Govt. of India through the MoEFCC; New Delhi has received certifications namely ISO/ IEC – 17025:2005. The 'Equinox Group' have rendered services as well as expert consultation to a number of industries such as sugar factories, power plants, distilleries, foundries, sponge iron & steel plants, textile industries, bulk drug manufacturing units and chemical industries, food processing & beverage manufacturing units, asbestos products & roofing, timber and particle board Industries etc. 11.2 TECHNICAL KEY PERSONNEL

1. Dr. Sangram P. Ghugare (Chairman & MD)

Ph.D., ME (Environmental by Research), BE (Env.) AMIE (India), MISWA (Austria), MIWA (UK), Chartered Engineer. EIA Co-ordinator: (Sectors- Thermal Power Plants, Metallurgical Industries, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Distilleries, Sugar Industries) Functional Area Expert (Cat. A - AP, WP, SHW) 30 years' all-round experience in Environmental and Civil Engineering consultation services, civil construction & erection activities (cast in situ; prefabricated & pre-stressed). Doctoral research - ‘Study on Optimization of Surface Aerobic Bio-composting (SABC) Process in the Distillery Wastewater Management.’ Patents for the research findings have been applied for. Master's degree program research – 'Engineering Aspects in the Treatment of Spentwash by using Aquatic treatment System (ATS)'. Worked on four research projects funded by MoEFCC, MNES and MEDA that contemplated - innovative wastewater techniques and treatments (ATS), conservation of resources, non-conventional energy recovery & utilization (pressmud, night soil, vegetable wastes, poultry wastes, slaughter house wastes), environmental value addition through by-product processing to gain energy / clean fuel, rural sanitation and hygiene etc. Involved in - preparation of DPRs for Lake Conservation projects (worth Rs. 315 Cr.) and their implementation, assignments of procuring Environmental Clearance, rendering services under pollution control and environmental management.


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2. Ms. Sulakshna Ayarekar (Joint MD & In-charge-Projects) M.Sc. (Env. Science), PGDEM & ISO 14000/14001, PG. DIP. Industrial Water & Waste Water Treatment) EIA Co-ordinator (Sectors - Asbestos milling and asbestos based products, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Distilleries) Functional Area Expert (EB) 12 years’ experience in assignments of – Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies; environmental clearance jobs, environmental management & pollution control, environmental monitoring & measurement.

3. Mr. Yuvraj N. Damugade (Executive Director & Sr. Env. Engineer) BE (Env.) Functional Area Expert (ISW, AP, AQ) 13 years’ experience in - designing of ETP, STP, water treatment system, EIA studies; environmental clearance jobs, environmental management & pollution control, DPRs for lake conservation projects and their implementation.

4. Mr. Jaydeep S. Patil (Dy. Engineer)

BE (Env.), DCE Functional Area Expert (WP) 10 years’ experience in - environmental engineering and management, ETPs; STPs; WTPs, Technical and administrative expertise in the DPRs on lake and river conservation projects under NRCD (NLCP, SLCP) and their implementation, project monitoring and performance evaluation.

5. Dr. Rohan J. Lad (Dy. Head-Projects)

Ph.D., M.Sc. (Env. Science), B.Sc. (Chem.), PG Dip (Industrial Safety, Health & Environment) Functional Area Expert (EB) 5 years' experience during doctoral research - Studies on the Impact of Mining Activities on Environment in Kolhapur District. Seven years’ experience in air quality & noise monitoring, Four research papers published in impact factor international & national journals.

6. Prof. (Dr.) Jay S. Samant (Tech. Director -EB)

Ph.D. Zoology (Ecology), M.Sc. Zoology (Marine Biology), B.Sc. (Hons.) Zoology 50 Years' all-round experience in Research, Admin, Teaching (PG & Ph.D.), Guide for 38 Research Scholars. Member of National and International Committees / Organizations - Wetland International Asia (WISA), Ex Member SEAC Committee Maharashtra, Ex Director BNHS, Founder & Ex Head Environmental Science Department; Shivaji University; Kolhapur, High Level Monitoring Committee (HLMC) on Mahabaleshwar - Panchgani Eco-sensitive Zone; MoEFCC; Govt. of India, Governing Council; Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON); A Research Centre of Excellence under MoEFCC, UGC's CAS Program to the Dept. of Zoology; University of Rajasthan, Steering & Monitoring Committee; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune, Maharashtra State Bio-Diversity Board, (MSBB); Govt. of Maharashtra, World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA); (IUCN) Switzerland, Founder Secretary; World Wildlife Fund (WWF) India - Kolhapur Division (Maharashtra), Coordinator- NAAC Peer Committee; UGC, Bird Hazards Research Group; AR&DB;


206

Ministry of Defence; Govt. of India, Steering Group for Biodiversity Conservation Prioritization Project India funded by BCPP; WWF; USAID and UNDP, IXth Five Year Plan Committee on Forest and Wildlife; MoEFCC, National Geographic Society; Washington; USA, International Society for Tropical Ecology; Selection Committees for senior scientists in Wildlife Institute of India (WII); MoEFCC & DST and for position of Professor in Universities.

7. Dr. Anuradha J. Samant (Tech. Director -SE) Ph.D. (Sociology), MA (Sociology), BA (Education, Sociology, Psychology) 40 Years' experience in Research, Teaching (PG & Ph.D.) Guide for 20 Research Scholars. Member of National Committees / Organizations - National initiative “Save the Western Ghats March” (A pioneering environmental movement in peninsular India), IWSA (Indian Women Scientist Association); An NGO - DEVRAAI (Development Research, Awareness & Action Institute), Vanita Sanskruti Sanstha, Peoples Regional Protection Movement SESA (Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area); Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka, Maharashtra State representative of PCRA (Petroleum Conservation & Research Association), Conducted 88 workshops for teachers; women and youth in Maharashtra.

8. Dr. Jaysingh B. Ghugare (Tech. Director -SC)

Ph.D.(Horticulture), M.Sc., B.Sc. (Agri.) 45 Years' experience in Research, Teaching and Administration, Ex-Director Horticulture Department; Govt. of Maharashtra. Active involvement in development of select fruit species of commercial importance (grapes, mangoes, coconut etc.), expertise in soil science.

9. Dr. Jotiram B. Pishte (Emp. Expert – HG;GEO)

Ph.D., M.Sc., B.Sc. (Geology) 40 Years' experience in Research, Teaching and Admin., Principal Gopal Krishna Gokhale College; Kolhapur, Special expertise in geology and hydrogeology.

10. Dr. Bahubali N. Patil (Emp. Expert -SE)

Ph.D. (HR Dev. in Co-op Banks), M.Phil., MSW (HR), BA (Economics), PG Dip. Env., PG Dip. HRD 30 Years' experience in Research, Teaching and Admin; Professor in Shahu Institute of Business Education & Research, Kolhapur, Expertise in socioeconomics.

11. Prof. Jayant M. Gadgil (Emp. Expert -AQ)

ME (Env. Engg.), BE (Civil Engg.), DCE 40 Years' experience in Research, Teaching in Engineering Colleges, Shivaji University Departments, Special expertise in Air Pollution Control & Air Quality Modeling Studies and Research.

12. Asso. Prof. Sunil S. Shaha (Emp. Expert - WP)

ME, BE (Env. Engg.), DCE 25 Years' experience in Teaching, Project Management Consultancy through KIT's College of Engineering; Kolhapur and Shivaji University Departments, Special expertise in Water Pollution Control; Solid as well as Hazardous Wastes Management.


207

13. Mr. Vinaykumar Kurakula (Emp. Expert - LULC, NV & SHW) M.Sc. (Geo-info Science for Environmental Modelling and Management), BE (Civil Engg.), PG Dip in Industrial Pollution Prevention and Control. 8 Years' experience in the areas of EIA, 3D noise mapping & modeling, Land use and land cover mapping, Remote sensing processing, GIS mapping and Ground vibration studies.

14. Mr. Vinod Sahasrabudhhe (Emp. Expert -RH) ME (Chem. Engg.), B.Tech. 41 Years' experience in the area of risk assessment & hazard management, Team member – Vardharajan Committee set up by Govt. of India to investigate MIC gas leak tragedy UCIL Bhopal.

15. Mr. B. S. Lole (Emp. Expert - SC) M.Sc. (Agri.) B.Sc. (Agri.) 46 Years' experience in the area of Research & Study in Soil survey and soil conservation, Research & Teaching for R. S. & GIS in SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad

16. Ms. Sai Mohite (Associate FAE - WP) M.Sc. (Env. Sc.), B.Sc. (Ind. Microbiology) 3 Years' experience in subordinate capacity in - coordinating EIA studies, preparation of EIA reports, environmental monitoring, environmental management and pollution control.

17. Mr. Neeraj Powar (Associate FAE - SE) M.S.W. (URCD), B.A. 3 Years' experience in the field of socio-economic studies, rural-urban community development.

18. Ms. Dipali S. Ingale ( Functional Area Associate – HG;GEO) M.Sc. B.Sc. (Geology) 3 Years' experience in preparation of mining plans for mining of major and minor minerals.

19. Mr. Vaibhav V. Survase (Functional Area Associate – HG;GEO)

M.Sc. B.Sc. (Geology) 3 Years' experience in preparation of mining plans for mining of major and minor minerals.


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11.3 SERVICES OFFERED 1) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies, EIA Report preparation, conducting

public hearing and procurement of Environmental Clearance (EC) from Government of

India (MoEFCC) & State Governments.

2) Consultation on - compliance of EC conditions, SPCB Consent conditions, Post EC

certification assignments.

3) Environmental Management Services - SPCB Consents, Env. Auditing, Water Cess &

Hazardous Wastes Returns, Effluent & Emission Monitoring, Performance Evaluation

and O & M of Waste Treatment Facilities, Up-gradation of Treatment Systems,

Technical & Legal Consultation.

4) ETPs, STPs, WTPs & APC Equipment (Planning, Designing, Erection, Commissioning

& Turnkey Projects)

5) Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management services

6) Planning, designing and implementation of green belt development as well as rain water

harvesting system.

7) Procurement of Ground Water Abstraction (GWA) clearance from Central Ground Water

Abstraction (CGWA) & Ministry of Water Resource (MoWR); New Delhi, Government

of India.

8) Procurement of clearance from National Board for Wild Life (NBWL); New Delhi,

Govt. of India for projects located in sanctuaries, national parks and other protected areas

as well as in their ESZs.

9) Planning, designing and installation of groundwater aquifer monitoring infrastructure

with Piezomener Stations Networking and Hydro-Geological Surveys.

10) Consultation on - Resource & Energy conservation, Non-conventional energy utilization,

Noise; Ventilation; Illumination & Temperature profile surveys, Occupational Health &

Safety.

11) Procurement of ISO 14000:14001 accreditation for projects.

12) Revival and conservation of Lakes and Rivers under National Plan for Conservation of

Aquatic Eco-System (NPCA) (Central Govt.) and State Lake Conservation Plan (State

Govt.)

SA- 216thAC Meeting Feb 9,2018 Page 1

NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR EDUCATION & TRAINING

QUALITY COUNCIL OF INDIA

QCI Office, 6th Floor, ITPI Building, Ring Road, I.P. Estate, New Delhi

Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations

Accreditation Committee Meeting for Surveillance Assessment held on

February 09, 2018

The following members were present during the meeting:

1. Dr. S.R. Wate - Chairman

2. Dr. G.K. Pandey - Member

3. Dr. S. P.Chakrabarti - Member

4. Prof. Umesh Kulshrestha - Member

Prof. B.B. Dhar, Dr. Nalini Bhat , Prof. C.P. Kaushik and Prof. G.J. Chakrapani expressed their inability to

attend the meeting.

Mr. A.K. Jha – Senior Director, Dr.S.K Mishra – Joint Director, Dr. Pawan Kumar Singh – Assisstant Director and Ms.Meenakshi Arora – Accreditation Officer were present in the meeting.

1.0 Case for Surveillance Assessment The following case was discussed and decisions taken as noted below.

1.1 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd, Kolhapur

The ACO has been assessed as per Version 3 of the Scheme. Result of the 2nd Surveillance assessment (SA) is given below :

1.1.1 Category of Approval :

ACO has scored more than 60% marks. Hence, the organization accreditation is continued with

Cat.A.

1.1.2 Scope of Accreditation

Sl. No.

NABET Scheme Sectors

Sector Description Cat.

Sector No.(MoEFCC Notification dated Sep. 14, 2006 and Amendments)

1 1 Mining of minerals including opencast / underground mining

A 1 (a) (i)

2 4 Thermal power plants B 1 (d)

210


1.1.3 Sectors approved for EIA Coordinators (ECs) a.Assessed as per SA norms – for ECs approved earlier:

Sl. No.

Name

Earlier approval status (in RA/subsequently)

Approval status (after SA)

Remarks Sectors

approved Cat.

Sectors approved

Cat.

In-house

1 Sangram Ghugare

4 B CA B

Upgraded to Cat. A in Sector 21. 21 B CA A

22 A CA A

25 B CA B

2 Sulakshana Ayarekar 21 B CA A Upgraded to Cat. A in Sector 21.

Empanelled

3 Vinay kumar Kurakula 32 B CA A

Upgraded to Cat. A in Sector 32 37 B CA B

b. Assessed as per IA norms – for new Sectors of approved ECs and fresh ECs proposed:

Sl. No.

Name Functional Area

Cat. Remarks Applied Recommended Approved

3 8 Metallurgical industries both primary & secondary B 3 (a) 4 12 Asbestos milling and asbestos based products A 4 (c ) 5 13 Chlor-alkali industry A 4 (d)

6 17 Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations)

A 5 (b)

7 18 Petro-chemical complexes (industries based on processing of petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics)

A 5 (c)

8 20

Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking &reformation and not covered under the complexes)

A 5 (e)

9 21

Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates)

A 5 (f)

10 22 Distilleries A 5 (g)

11 25 Sugar Industry B 5 (j)

12 32 Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs)

A 7 (d)

13 37 Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF)

B 7 (i)

14 38 Building and construction projects B 8 (a)

15 39 Townships and Area development projects B 8 (b)

16 40(ii) Electro Plating and metal Processing A -

17 40(v) Food Processing A -

211


Sl. No.



In-house

1 Dipali Survase 1 No No - Absent

2 Sulakshana Ayarekar

12 Yes Yes A

None 22 Yes Yes A

25 Yes Yes B

3 Sangram Ghugare 8 Yes Yes B None

Empanelled

5 Ramdas Wani

13 Yes Yes A

None

20 Yes Yes A

21 Yes Yes A

38 Yes Yes B

39 Yes Yes B

6 Vivek Navare 1 Yes Yes A None

7 Bhaskar Thorat

17 Yes Yes A

*40(ii & v only)

18 Yes Yes A

21 Yes Yes A

22 Yes Yes A

40* Yes Yes A

1.1.4 Functional Areas (FA) approved for Functional Area Experts (FAEs) a. Assessed as per SA norms – for FAEs approved earlier:

Sl. No. Name



Remarks FAs approved

Cat. FAs

approved Cat.

In-house

1

Sangram P. Ghugare

AP A CA A

None WP A CA A

SHW A CA A

2 Sulakshna Ayarekar EB B CA A Upgraded to Cat. A.

3 Yuvraj Damugade

AQ B CA A Upgraded to Cat. A in

AQ and AP. AP B CA A

HW B CA B

4 Jay Samant EB A CA A None

5 Anuradha J. Samant SE A CA A None

6 Jaydeep Patil WP B CA B None

7 Rohan Lad AP B CA B

None EB B CA B

Empanelled

8 Jayant M. Gadgil AQ A CA A None

9 Jotiram Pishte Geo A CA A

None HG A CA A

10 Vinod Sahasrabuddhe RH A CA A None

11 Ramdas Wani RH A CA A

None SHW A CA A

12 B. N. Patil SE B ANC - Absent.

13 Vinay Kumar Kuruakula LU A CA A None

212


Sl. No. Name



Remarks FAs approved

Cat. FAs

approved Cat.

NV A CA A

SHW B CA B

b. Assessed as per IA norms – approved experts for new functional areas and fresh FAEs proposed:

Sl. No.



Inhouse

1 Sandip Manglekar

AP Yes Yes B None

NV Yes Yes B

2 SwapnaN. Ghatge SHW - - - Candidature withdrawn

RH - - -

3 Tejas Patil AQ Yes Yes B None

4 Pragatee Murkute

SHW - - - Candidature withdrawn

RH - - -

NV - - -

5 Rohan Lad RH Yes Yes B None

6 Sai Mohite WP Yes Yes B None

7 Neeraj Powar SE Yes Yes B None

8 Vaibhav Survase

HG Yes Yes B None

Geo Yes Yes B

Empanelled

9 Jayant Gadgil

AP Yes Yes A None

WP Yes Yes A

10 B.S. Lole SC Yes Yes A None

11 Sunil Shaha

WP Yes Yes A None

SW Yes Yes A

12 Ramdas Wani

RH Yes Yes A

None SHW Yes Yes A

AQ Yes Yes B

13 Bhaskar Thorat

RH Yes Yes A

*HW only. WP Yes Yes A

SHW* Yes Yes A

1.1.5 Functional Area Associates (FAAs) a.FAAs Approved

SI. No. Name Approval status

(after SA) Name of FAE/Mentor Remarks

FA Status

In-house

1 Tejas Patil AP Continue Sangram Ghugare None

HW Continue Sangram Ghugare

213


b.FAAs Proposed

SI. No. Name Approval status

(after SA) FAE/Mentor Remarks

Applied Approved

In-house

1 Gandhar Ghanekar HW Yes Vinay Kumar None

2 Snehal Powar

SC Yes B.S. Lole None

NV Yes Vinay Kumar

3 Pooja Sarnaik

WP Yes Sai Mohite None

SHW Yes Sangram Ghugare

Note: The following will be communicated to the ACO by NABET 1. Detailed observations and reasons for alerts 2. Results of balance candidates and details of the assessment

The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks to the Chair.

Issued by A K Jha Senior Director QCI-NABET

214


Abbreviations:

ACO - Accredited Consultant Organization AC - Accreditation Committee IA - Initial Accreditation SA - Surveillance Assessment EC - EIA Coordinator FA - Functional Area FAE - Functional Area Expert FAA - Functional Area Associate CA - Continue by Assessment CWA - Continue with alert ANC - Approval Not continued

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ENCLOSURE – I