maslow‘s hierarchy of needs © posbase 2005 abraham maslow (1954) developed a hierarchy of needs....
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Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Abraham Maslow (1954) developed a hierarchy of
needs. At the bottom of this hierarchy are basic
needs for survival of both individual and species,
such as hunger, thirst, and sexuality. At the more
advanced levels in the hierarchy, the needs become
more personal, and at the top is self-actualization.
Let us look at the hierarchy in more detail:
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Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Physiological Needs
Esteem Needs
Belongingness and Love Needs
Safety Needs
Self-Actualization
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Physiological Needs:
Hunger
Thirst
Sexuality
These needs serve the maintenance
of homeostasis
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Safety Needs:
Safety and protection from
pain, fear, and disorder.
Need for protective dependence,
order, law, and rules of behavior.
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Belongingness and Love Needs:
Needs for love, attachment,
social affiliation, and identification.
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Esteem Needs:
Needs for achievement,
recognition, and approval
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Esteem Needs:
Self-Actualization
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Later, Maslow added two levels between esteem needs
and self-actualization:
Cognitive needs: to know, understand, and explore;
Aesthetic needs: symmetry, order, and beauty.
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Assumptions about high level and lower level needs:
1. Needs at a higher level evolved later in phylogeny.
2. Needs at a higher are less important for survival.
3. To live on a higher need level of means longer life, less
illness, etc.
4. Higher level needs are less urgent to a person.
5. The satisfaction of higher level needs means more
wishful and more positive results, which means greater
happiness and a richer inner life.
Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
© POSbase 2005
Maslow did not test these assumptions
empirically, and there have not been many
research psychologists interested in doing so;
this may have to do with the fact that
Maslow‘s concepts are quite soft and resist
operationalization.