MaslowsHierarchy of Needs

Maslows TheoryWe each have a hierarchy of needs that ranges from "lower" to "higher." As lower needs are fulfilled there is a tendency for other, higher needs to emerge. Daniels, 2004

Maslows AssumptionsHuman nature is basically good, not evilNormal human development involves the actualization of this inherent goodness

What motivates behavior?According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in order achieve certain needs.

NEED : Need is deficiency . They are wants or desires. Needs are created whenever there is a physiological or psychological imbalance.Biological needsEssential need to liveSelf comfort needsSatisfaction of sex urgeNeeds associated with the demand of our senses

Socio-psychological needsFreedomSecurityLove and affectionAchieveSocial approvalCompanySelf assertionSelf actualisation

Human needs are classified into two categories

Maslows TheoryMaslows theory maintains that a person does not feel a higher need until the needs of the current level have been satisfied.Maslow posited a hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings: deficiency needs and growth needs. Maslow's basic needs are as follows:

Physiological NeedsFoodAirWaterClothingSex

Basic Human Needs

(i) Physiological needsFor the most part, physiological needs are obviousthey are the literal requirements for human survival. If these requirements are not met (with the exception of clothing, shelter, and sexual activity), the human body simply cannot continue to function.Physiological needs include:BreathingFoodShelterWaterReproductionSleep

Physiological Needs

Air, water, and food are metabolic requirements for survival in all animals, including humans. Clothing and shelter provide necessary protection from the elements. Reproduction is required for maintaining a birth rate adequate to survival of the species.Maslow was of an opinion that until these needs were satisfied to a degree to maintain life, no other motivating factors can work.

Food: A Most Powerful NeedSouth American Rugby team crashed in 1970Food was the most pressing problem.They ate human flesh for survival.Even the strongest taboo was broken to fill the basic need for food.

Food: A Most Powerful NeedIk tribe in Uganda forced to give up hunting and live on unfertile landlong standing social mores dissolve - people became psychopathicparents steal food from children, children from other children

Safety NeedsProtectionStability Pain AvoidanceRoutine/Order Safety and Security

(ii) Security or Safety needs: These are the needs to be free of physical danger and of the fear of losing a job, property, food or shelter. It also includes protection against any emotional harm. Safety and Security needs include:Personal securityFinancial securityHealth and well-beingSafety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts

Safety Needs

Safety: A Most Powerful Needwhen frightened, our thoughts and energies are divertedthreat of, or actual attack creates fight or flight reaction threats to safety can be physical or emotional

Social NeedsAffectionAcceptanceInclusion

Love and Belonging

Social Needs

Love and Belonging(social/emotional)Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers,family, clubs Affection - love and be loved Control - influence over others and self

Love and Belonging: A Most Powerful Need

(iii) Social needs:After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third layer of human needs are social and involve feelings of belongingness. This aspect of Maslow's hierarchy involves emotionally based relationships in general, such as:FriendshipIntimacyFamily

Humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance, whether it comes from a large social group, such as clubs, office culture, religious groups, professional organizations, sports teams, gangs, or small social connections (family members, intimate partners, mentors, close colleagues, confidants). They need to love and be loved by others.

In the absence of these elements, many people become susceptible to loneliness, social anxiety, and clinical depression. This need for belonging can often overcome the physiological and security needs, depending on the strength of the peer pressure.for example, may ignore the need to eat and the security of health for a feeling of control and belonging

Esteem NeedsSelf-RespectSelf-EsteemRespected by Others

Esteem

(iv) Esteem needs:

According to Maslow, once people begin to satisfy their need to belong, they tend to want to be held in esteem both by themselves and by others. This kind of need produces such satisfaction as power, prestige status and self-confidence. It includes both internal esteem factors like self-respect, autonomy and achievements and external esteem factors such as states, recognition and attention.

Esteem Needs

Esteem Needsemotional (ego)respect from others through: awards honors , status respect for self through: mastery achievement competence

Esteem from Self and Others: A Most Powerful NeedCongratulations

People need to engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-valued, be it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex. People with low self-esteem need respect from others. They may seek fame or glory, which again depends on others.

however, that many people with low self-esteem will not be able to improve their view of themselves simply by receiving fame, respect, and glory externally, but must first accept themselves internally. Psychological imbalances such as depression can also prevent one from obtaining self-esteem on both levels.

Maslow noted two versions of esteem needs, a lower one and a higher one. The lower one is the need for the respect of others, the need for status, recognition, fame, prestige, and attention. The higher one is the need for self-respect, the need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence and freedom.

The latter one ranks higher because it rests more on inner competence won through experience. Deprivation of these needs can lead to an inferiority complex, weakness and helplessness.

Self-ActualizationAchieve full potentialFulfillmentbeing problem-focusedincorporating an ongoing freshness of appreciation of lifea concern about personal growththe ability to have peak experiences

(v) Need for self-actualizationMaslow regards this as the highest need in his hierarchy. It is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming; it includes growth, achieving ones potential and self-fulfillment. It is to maximize ones potential and to accomplish something.What a man can be, he must be. This forms the basis of the perceived need for self-actualization. This level of need pertains to what a person's full potential is and realizing that potential.

Self Actualization Needs

Summary

Some Self-Actualizing People from HistoryAbraham LincolnThomas JeffersonMahatma GandhiAlbert EinsteinEleanor Roosevelt William JamesBenedict Spinoza

Self-Actualization Needsstop cruelty and exploitationencourage talent in otherstry to be a good human beingdo work one considers worthwhileenjoy taking on responsibilitiesprefer intrinsic satisfaction seek truthgive unselfish lovebe just

Qualities of the Self-ActualizedAn non-hostile sense of humorIntimate personal relationshipsAcceptance of self and othersSpontaneity and simplicityFreshness of appreciationMore peak experiencesDemocratic valuesIndependence

As each of these needs is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. From the standpoint of motivation, the theory would say that although no need is ever fully gratified, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates. So if you want to motivate someone, you need to understand what level of the hierarchy that person is on and focus on satisfying those needs or needs above that level.

This level is the most important for a student-teacher relationship because the teacher can have a great effect on the students path towards self-actualization.The teacher can encourage the student when they have done well, but also push them to achieve their highest potential.Students can use lesson plans incorporated with technology to step outside of the classroom and realize their potential in real world scenarios.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SATISFACTION IN MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS

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