Colonial America & Life in the 13 Colonies1492-1770

Chapter 4 (pg. 107)Chapter 5 (131)

Early English SettlementsRoanoke Island•Sir Walter Raleigh•Established in 1585 – was the first ATTEMPT to colonize America by the British for political reasons.• It was an attempt to acquire more land for the British Empire

•100 men•After 1 year, unhappy colonists decided to return to England.

Early English SettlementsRoanoke - The Lost Colony• Sir Walter Raleigh• 1587 was the 2nd attempt to colonize America by the British• 91 men, 17 women, 9 children• Virginia Dare was the first born English settler in America• It is still a mystery as to what happened to the settlers•Only clue to their fate was the carving “CROATOAN”

Early English SettlementsJamestown•Established 1607 for economic reasons•Charter – written permission to organize settlements in an area

•Virginia Company• Joint Stock Company – investors buy stock in a company in return for a share of future profits.•Made up of merchants (people who trade goods to make money)

Early English SettlementsJamestown continued…•The Virginia Company was hoping to find gold and silver.

Drawbacks of the location:• Poor farmland• Swampy and infested with disease carrying mosquitos

By the Spring of 1608 only 38 of 144 settlers remained alive

Early English SettlementsJamestown continued…

Important people:• Captain John Smith• Forced settlers to work• Explored the area• Negotiated to get food from the Native

American Powhatan Tribe• John Rolfe• Learned how to grow West Indies tobacco that helped the colony’s economy prosper• Married Pocahontas – the daughter of

Chief PowhatanFrist SUCCESSFUL English colony in the New World.

Early English SettlementsJamestown continued…“The Starving Time” 1609-1610•400 new arrivals•Lack of leadership•Food supplies ran out over the winter•Fighting with the Natives and cannibalism•By Spring of 1610, only 60 settlers remained

Early English SettlementsJamestown continued…Economy• Tobacco first sold in England in 1614• Colonists rented plots• Grew food and tobacco to sell

• By 1618, private land ownership expanded•Headright system• 50 acres of land plus 50 acres per

family member over 15 and 50 acres per servant brought to America

Early English SettlementsJamestown continued…Government• Colonists grew tired of taking orders from the Virginia Company• The House of Burgesses• First form of REPRESENTATIVE

GOVERNMENT in the New World.• 10 towns in the colonies sent 2

representatives each to make laws for the colony• First met in a Jamestown church on

July 30, 1619

Review Questions1. What was Roanoke?2. Why was the House of Burgesses important?3. What was the name of the group of merchants

that set up Jamestown?4. What is important about the year 1607?5. What did the early settlers of Jamestown hope

to find?6. What crop helped the people of Jamestown to

prosper?

New England ColoniesColoniesNew HampshireMassachusettsConnecticutRhode Island

Reasons1. Religious

Freedom2. Political

Freedom3. Economic

New England ColoniesPuritans vs. Pilgrims

Puritan – wanted to REFORM the Anglican Church. Would go on to found the colony of Massachusetts

Separatists – wanted to LEAVE and set up their own churches.

• Pilgrims were Separatists who left for the New World on a pilgrimage.

New England ColoniesMassachusetts

• founded for religious freedom•Mayflower•Pilgrims• Sough to settle in Virginia but

landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620• Chose to stay in Plymouth due to

the approaching winter season• Almost half died during the first

year due to malnutrition, disease, and cold

New England ColoniesMassachusetts

Pilgrim’s Government:•Mayflower Compact• Pledged their loyalty to England and helped establish the laws of the colony• Set up a self-government• An important step in the development of REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT in America

New England ColoniesMassachusetts

Important People:• William Bradford• Pilgrims’ leader & Historian

• Squanto & Samoset• Squanto spoke English• First Native Americans to meet the

Pilgrims• Taught Pilgrims how to hunt, fish,

and grow crops• Helped broker a treaty between

Pilgrims & Wampanoag• Massasoit

• A Wampanoag leader• Signed a treaty with the Pilgrims

New England ColoniesMassachusetts

The First Thanksgiving:• Took place in the Autumn of 1621• A celebration of peace between 90 Native Americans and 50 Pilgrims• Thankful to be raising food and for their survival• 3 day feast

• Fun Thanksgiving Facts

New England ColoniesMassachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Company• Increased persecution of

Puritans in England• 1629 – received a royal charter

to colonize north of Plymouth in/around Boston• Society based on the Bible• “City upon a hill”• Persecuted those that held other

religious beliefs• John Winthrop• Colony’s governor

New England ColoniesNew Hampshire

Founded for economic and religious reasons.•Captain John Mason• Fishing, lumbering, trade & ship building

• John Wheelwright• Led a group of dissenters from Massachusetts to practice religion freely

New England ColoniesConnecticut

Founded for religious, political, & economical reasons.• Better farmland• Thomas hooker• Unhappy with John Winthrop

and other Puritan leaders• Wanted more restrictions to

government• Led congregation from

Massachusetts to Connecticut

New England ColoniesConnecticut

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut•First written constitution in America•Described the organization of REPRESENTATITVE GOVERNMENT in detail

New England ColoniesRhode Island

Founded for religious tolerance•Dissenters were forced from Massachusetts• Roger Williams• Did not believe people should be

forced to practice a particular religion• Disagreed with taking land from the

Native Americans• Anne Hutchinson• Questioned authority of colony’s

ministers• Claimed God spoke to her directly

Review Questions1. What is the difference between a Puritan and a Pilgrim?2. Why was the Mayflower Compact an important step

towards representative government?3. For what reasons were the New England colonies

founded?4. What group founded Massachusetts?5. In what year did the Pilgrims land in the Americas?6. Where did the Pilgrims land?7. What was so significant about the Fundamental Orders

of Connecticut?

Middle ColoniesColoniesNew YorkPennsylvaniaNew JerseyDelaware

Reasons1.Religious

Freedom2. Economic

Middle ColoniesNew York

Founded for religious tolerance and economic reasons• Originally a Dutch colony

established by the West India Company to trade with America• Peter Stuyvesant• Dutch Colony Governor• Surrendered New Amsterdam to the

English• Charles II gifts the colony to his

brother, the Duke of York• Renamed colony to New York

Middle ColoniesNew York

Proprietary Colony - Owner own and controls the government of all the land

• By 1691, New York has an elected legislator• Duke of York promises religious

freedom

• People of New York:• Frist Jews in North America• Dutch, Swedes, Native Americans, and

Puritans• African slaves

Middle ColoniesNew Jersey

Founded for religious tolerance•Given to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret by Duke of York•Gave settlers large tracts of land•Promised religious tolerance•Trial by jury and represented assembly•Made local laws and set tax rates

Middle ColoniesPennsylvania

Founded for religious tolerance•Given to William Penn to repay King’s debt•William Penn• Believed in religious tolerance• Believed in representative

government• Saw the colony as a “holy

experiment”•Quakers• Everyone equal in God’s eyes• No church• Pacifists

Middle ColoniesDelaware

•Originally part of southern Pennsylvania•Known as the “Three Lower Counties”•Formed their own legislature and began functioning as a separate colony

Review Questions1. What were the Middle Colonies?2. Who were the Quakers?3. What are pacifists?4. What did William Penn do?5. What did he refer to Pennsylvania as?6. What were some things the colony of New

Jersey offered settlers to entice them to settle?7. What were 3 reasons the Middle Colonies were

founded?

Southern ColoniesColoniesMarylandVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia

Reasons1. Religious

Freedom2. Economic

Southern ColoniesVirginia

Founded for economic purposes

• Jamestown – 1607• Looking for gold• Ended up with prosperous

tobacco plantation•Began to push west and settle new land• Causes conflict with the Native

Americans

Southern ColoniesVirginia

William Berkeley• Virginia’s Governor• Brokered a treaty with the Native

Americans• Promised to prevent settlers from pushing

further west in exchange for a large tract of land

• Bacon’s Rebellion• Nathanial Bacon

• Resented colonial government• Led rebellion at Jamestown in 1676• Drove Berkeley into exile• England sends troops to restore order

Southern ColoniesMaryland

Founded for economic purposes and religious freedom.• George Calvert, Lord Baltimore• His son, Cecil, inherited colony• Wished to establish a safe place for

English Catholics• Mason-Dixon Line• Set boundary between Pennsylvania

and Maryland• Act of Toleration• Guaranteed religious freedom• Only lasted 34 years

Southern ColoniesMaryland

Founded for economic purposes• Hoped to make money by selling

and renting out land• Constitution written by John Locke• Main concern was principles and

rights• Needed slave labor for growth

and harvest of their crops• Rice and indigo were major crops

grown here• 1729 – Divided up into North and

South Carolina due to disputes over how the colony should be ruled

Southern ColoniesMaryland

Founded for political purposes• James Oglethorpe• Banned slavery, Catholics, and

rum• Founded as a place where debtors, the poor, and some criminals could make a fresh start rather than go to jail.• Could protect other colonies from Spanish attack from the south.

Other EmpiresNew France

•Established in Canada along the Mississippi River.•Had good relations with the Native Americans.•Mostly interested in fishing and fur trapping economy.

Other EmpiresNew Spain

•Controlled Mexico, Caribbean, Central, and South America

•Created missions to convert native people to the Catholic faith

Review Questions1. Why did George Calvert establish the colony of

Maryland?2. Why did Bacon oppose the colonial government?3. How did Georgia serve as protection for the English

colonies?4. Why were some cash crops grown in Southern colonies?5. Why did France begin exploring and settling the New

World?6. Why did Spain begin exploring and settling the New

World?

Life in the New England ColoniesGeography•Climate – COLDER than the other 2 regions due to its northern location•Geography – mostly hills and rocky soil•Natural Resources – fish, whales, trees, & furs

Economy•Ship building•Fishing•Fur trapping•Trade

Life in the Middle ColoniesGeography•Climate – Relatively HOT• Allowed for longer growing seasons•Warmer in the northern colonies and cooler in the southern colonies

•Geography – hills, flat lands, good soil•Natural Resources – iron ore, good soil

Economy• farming cash crops•Lumber & mining

Life in the Southern ColoniesGeography•Climate – Warmest of the 3 regions• Boasted the longest growing season

•Geography – broad, coastal plains•Hilly and covered with forests

•Natural Resources – rich farm lands, forests, & fish

Economy•Agrarian economy•cash crops: tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo

The Triangular Trade?

• A trade route that exchanged goods between Europe, the Americas and West Africa.

The Middle Passage•The part of the Triangular Trade which shipped slaves to the Americas.

Slave CodesSlave codes were strict rules stating how slaves could behave and how they would be punished•Examples:•Slaves cannot leave the plantation without written permission• It was illegal to teach slaves to read and write•Slaves would be whipped for minor offenses and hanged or burned to death for serious crimes.

Culture in the ColoniesThe Great Awakening• 1720s – 1740s• A return to strong religious beliefs in the colonies•More people went to churches and new denominations started forming.•More people began believing that all people were created equal in eyes of God.• Jonathan Edwards• Delivered powerful and convincing sermons

•George Whitefield• Spread revivals throughout the colonies

Culture in the ColoniesThe Enlightenment• A movement that began to spread the idea that knowledge,

reason, and science could improve society.Education• Primary purpose was to make sure everyone could read and

study the Bible.Family Life• Family was the foundation of colonial life• Women tended to domestic affairs• Men were heads of the household and managed the farm

GovernmentGlorious Revolution• England Parliament replaced King James II with William and Mary

• Showed power of elected representatives

English Bill of Rights• William & Mary forced to sign• Grants certain basic rights to all citizens• Inspired the creation of our Bill of Rights

Voting• Only white men who owned property had the right to vote.• Women, indentured servants, landless, poor, and African slaves

could not vote.