LOW COST HOUSING

Submitted by : FAIRUZ BARCH/8008/10

Introduction:+ Low cost housing  refers to houses that

are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.

+ Less the house costs to build, the more energy it tends to waste, leading to much higher utility bills.

+ The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.

+ Following Properties Reduces Cost Construction:•Locally available materials .•Improved skills and technology.•Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.

+ Low cost housing is done by proper management of resources as well as by utilizing cheap building materials.

Different building techniques are :

1. Recycling

2. Extensive Planning

3. Modular Planning

4. Infilling

•Recycled materials adapted for low-cost housing include wood and rubber.

•Are previously been used.

•Reprocessed into materials that are used in building walls and other parts of a house.

•Recycled glass and metal are also used on occasion.

•These recycled materials are often less expensive than using fully natural products.

1. Recycling:

•In extensive planning, the more planning goes into a house, the less the actual construction will cost.

• Contractors should plan out exact dimensions.

•Contractors should gather facts.

•Contractors should look for the best materials at the cheapest prices so they can order exactly what they need. This saves money that would otherwise be wasted on unnecessary supplies and cleanup caused by littered materials.

• Most houses are built as quickly as possible without this detailed planning beforehand.

2. Extensive Planning:

+ Modular building is a type of construction where pieces of the home or typically whole rooms or major parts of rooms ,are built off-site in large factories. + This process allows the pieces to be built efficiently and exactly according to building standards. + At the site, the pieces are connected to the house. + Owners can typically choose how many modular rooms they want. + Since materials aren't assembled on-site, owners save money on construction time, including the time it would take to clear away the construction debris. + Owners also save money on construction financing interest if they're using a construction loan.

3. Modular Building:

• Infilling is the practice of going back through residential areas and building in areas that had previously been left empty.

• Now its possible to build on because of resolved environmental concerns, space issues or other problems that have since been remedied.

• Infilling makes better use of existing space.

• It is less expensive for contractors overall

4. Infilling:

1) Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.

2) Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil cement blocks in place of burnt brick.

3) Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less energy like concrete block in place of burnt brick.

4) Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for conventional building components like use R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.

5) Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure for reducing the size of the component in the building.

6) By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials due to demolition of the unplanned component of the house can be avoided.

Techniques to reduce cost from area :

• Interlock house build at Vallikkunnu panchayath, Malappuram District, Kerala.• Won the 2010 "Parpidam Best Home Award" •Construction cost of this house is 3 lakh

Construction technique adopted:

1. Foundation

2. Wall

3. Lintel

4. Roof

+ The foundation cost comes to about 10 to 15% of the total building +It is adopted for single or double storey building.+ It is recommended to adopt a foundation depth of 2 ft.(0.6m) for normal soil like gravely soil, red soils etc.+ We should use the uncoursed rubble masonry with the bond stones and good packing. +To avoid cracks formation in foundation the masonry shall be thoroughly packed with cement mortar of 1:8 boulders and bond stones at regular intervals.+ Suggested to adopt arch foundation in ordinary soil for effecting reduction in construction cost up to 40%.+ This kind of foundation will help in bridging the loose pockets of soil which occurs along the foundation.+ In the case black cotton and other soft soils it is recommend to use under ream pile foundation which saves about 20 to 25% in cost over the conventional method of construction.

1. Foundation:

•Wall thickness of 6 to 9″ is recommended for adoption in the construction of walls all-round the building and 41/2 ” for inside walls. •It is suggested to use burnt bricks which are immersed in water for 24 hours and then shall be used for the walls.• Making use of Rat – trap bond wall & Concrete block wall.

+ Rat trap bond wall:* It is a cavity wall construction and leads to reduction in the quantity of bricks required for masonry work. * By adopting this method of bonding of brick masonry compared to traditional English or Flemish bond masonry, it is possible to reduce in the material cost of bricks by 25% and about 10to 15% in the masonry cost. * By adopting rat-trap bond method one can create aesthetically pleasing wall surface and plastering can be avoided.

2. Wall:

•In view of high energy consumption by burnt brick it is suggested to use concrete block which consumes about only 1/3 of the energy of the burnt bricks in its production.

•By using concrete block masonry the wall thickness can be reduced from 20 cms to 15 Cms.

* Concrete block masonry saves mortar consumption, speedy construction of wall resulting in higher output of labour, plastering can be avoided thereby an overall saving of 10 to 25% can be achieved.

+ Concrete block walling:

2. Wall:

The traditional R.C.C. lintels which are costly can be replaced by brick arches for small spans and save construction cost up to 30 to 40% over the traditional method of construction.

By adopting arches of different shapes a good architectural pleasing appearance can be given to the external wall surfaces of the brick masonry.

3. Lintel:

Normally 5" thick R.C.C. slabs is used for roofing of residential buildings.

By adopting rationally designed construction practices like filler slab and precast elements the construction cost of roofing can be reduced by about 20 to 25%.

Filler slabs* They are normal RCC slabs where bottom half (tension) concrete portions are replaced by filler materials such as bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc

* These filler materials are so placed as not to compromise structural strength, result in replacing unwanted and nonfunctional tension concrete, thus resulting in economy.

* These are safe, sound and provide aesthetically pleasing pattern ceilings and also need no plaster.

4. Roof:

Material used in low cost building:

Bamboo mat board

Coir composite board

Jute polyester composite

Bamboo laminated compositeCement bonded particle board

Bamboo mat veneer composite

Laurie Baker :

• Born in 2 March 1917.• Was an award-winning British-born Indian architect.• Renowned for his initiatives in cost-effective energy-efficient architecture.• He never maintained a regular office.• Often sketched on waste paper.• Designed largely on site.• Built Houses for lower-middle to lower class clients.• Made a name for himself both in sustainable architecture as well as in organic architecture.• Made many concepts related to low cost housing.• Died on 1 April 2007 at the age of 90.

Techniques used by Laurie Baker :+ Building house on terrace site :+ Building house on sloping site :

+ Use of rattrap bond : + Use of Jaalis :

+ Making use of following :

Techniques used by Laurie Baker :

Brick arches Overhanging roofSpanning by corbelled arches

Example : The Hamlet – Laurie Bakers Home..

•This is Baker’s home in Trivandrum.

• Unique house built on a plot of land along the slope of a rocky hill, with limited access to water.

•Baker’s genius has created a wonderful home for his family.

•Material used from unconventional sources.

• Family eats in kitchen.

• Electricity wiring is not concealed

The Hamlet : Laurie Bakers Home..

•Made Use of BRICK JALLIS.• Effective way to minimize your electricity bills.

• Built In Furniture For The Hamlet.

The Hamlet : Laurie Bakers Home..

BUILDING MATERIAL:

+ RECYCLED Wood from traditional demolished building.

The Hamlet : Laurie Bakers Home..

+ All materials are used in their natural form, exposed brick work, mortar, concrete shows the truthfulness of materials.

+ Baker’s loves to material in their natural form.

The Hamlet : Laurie Bakers Home..

Surface treatment was done by Using Waste Materials

The Hamlet : Laurie Bakers Home..

QUALITY OF SPACES

• According to Baker, fans and lamps can be avoided through appropriate planning.•In india there is sunlight all round the year, which means that if water is stored in the southern part of the house, hot water can be made available.•Garbage can be recycled.•Only a person like baker has the courage for this, because his motive is not just to make money 

The Hamlet : Laurie Bakers Home..

LOW COST HOUSING

!!! THANK YOU !!!