DESIGN CASE STUDY

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

THE CONSTRUCTION SITE AT DWARKA SEC 23 . THE PROJECT IS UNDER DDA OF BUILDING 2300 HOUSING . THE TOTAL COST HAS BEEN PEGGED AT RS 762.3 CRORES AND THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE COMPLETED BY OCTOBER 2013.

ALL HOUSING COMPLEXES WILL HAVE AMENITIES LIKE GROCERY SHOPS,PARKS, COMMUNITY CENTRES, CHOWKIDAR HUT, PARKING SPACESAND ANANGANWADI CENTRE IN EACH BLOCK.

INTRODUCTION

KEY PLAN

SUN PATH

PREVAILINGWINDS

MONSOONALWINDS

FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF MATERIALS•SUSTAINABLE USE OF LOCAL MATERIAL•AVAILIBLITY OF SKILLED LABOUR•SCALE OF CONSTRUCTION•COST VARIATION WITH ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS•AVAILBLITY OF POWER•DISASTER RESISTANT REQUIREMENTS•ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS•TYPOLOGY BASED ON GEO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

VARIOUS ASPECTS OF COST REDUCTIONS•OPTIMUM UTILISATION OF LAND•FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS•OPTIMUM USE OF BUILDING MATERIAALS •RATIONALIZATION OF SPECIFICATIONS•PROPER SCHEDULING OF WORKS•NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES

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DESIGN CASE STUDY

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

SITE PLAN

BUILT UP

LANDSCAPE

COMMUNITY HALL AND OTHER FACILITIES

WALKWAYS

ZONING

•THE UNITS ARE ESSENTIALLY TWO-ROOM UNIT WITH SEPARATE W.C AND BATH CUBICLES AND KITCHEN WITH A SIT-OUT BALCONY.•TYPOLOGY OF BUILDING BLOCKS- WALKUP UNITS WITH FIVE FLOORS.•TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT -LESS THAN 15 MTS.•ONE STAIRCASE CATERING FOUR UNITS AT EACH LEVEL, AND ACCESS TO ROOF IS THROUGH M.S. LADDER

SITE PLAN

DESIGN CASE STUDY

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

WATER SUPPLY

TANKS PLACED AT THE TERRACE FROM WHICH WATER IS SUPPLIED TO THE INDIVIFUAL UNITS THROUGH THE PVC PIPES.

DESIGN CASE STUDY

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

THE HOSE REELS ARE CONNECTED TO THE BOREWELLS.FIRE EXTINGUISHERS PRESENT AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDINDS.NO SPRINKLERS.NO FIRE ALARMS

FIRE SERVICES

DESIGN CASE STUDY

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

THERSE ARE NO DG’S PRESENT.ELECTRICITY CONNECTION IS THRIUGH THE MAINS.

PREFAB BEAMS AND COLUMNS HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS SECTIONAL ELEVATION

STURCTURE

DESIGN CASE STUDY

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

RAFT FOUNDATION

COLUMN BEAM JUNCTION

CONCRETE BLOCK WALL

ASSEMBLY OF 3-S BEAMS

PRECAST HOLLOW COLUMNS

PRECAST SLAB

SITE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

DESIGN CASE STUDY

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

ASSEMBLY OF PRECAST FRAME

FORMATION OF SLABPRECAST STAIRCASE

SITE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

SECTION OF HOLLOW COLUMN

ADVANTAGES:

•SELF-SUPPORTING READY-MADE COMPONENTS ARE USED, SO THE NEED FOR FORMWORK, SHUTTERING AND SCAFFOLDING IS GREATLY REDUCED.•CONSTRUCTION TIME IS REDUCED AND BUILDINGS ARE COMPLETED SOONER, ALLOWING AN EARLIER RETURN OF THE CAPITAL INVESTED.•ON-SITE CONSTRUCTION AND CONGESTION IS MINIMIZED.•QUALITY CONTROL CAN BE EASIER IN A FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINE SETTING THAN A CONSTRUCTION SITE SETTING.•PREFABRICATION CAN BE LOCATED WHERE SKILLED LABOUR IS MORE READILY AVAILABLE AND COSTS OF LABOUR, POWER, MATERIALS, SPACE AND OVERHEADS ARE LOWER.•TIME SPENT IN BAD WEATHER OR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE IS MINIMIZED.•LESS WASTE MAY OCCUR•ADVANCED MATERIALS SUCH AS SANDWICH-STRUCTURED COMPOSITE CAN BE EASILY USED, IMPROVING THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION AND AIRTIGHTNESS

DESIGN CASE STUDY

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

PROPOSED TECHNIQUESRAM LOCHAN TILE

FUNICULAR ROOF

A FRAME

PRE TENSION WALL

•THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE FORM OF THE STRUCTURE IS THE TRIANGULATION OF A CUBOID THAT UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTES LOAD.• THIS RESULTS IN A TRUSSED FORMATION, WHICH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTES LOAD, AS WELL AS EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES.•THE SKELETON OF THE STRUCTURE IS A STEEL WELDED TRUSS MEMBER THAT IS CONNECTED WITH CUBOID NODES USED AS CONNECTORS.• THIS JOINT HAS BEENTHE SIGNIFICANT INNOVATION THAT HAS SIMPLIFIED THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS. SIMPLE JOINTS FACILITATE ALLCOMBINATIONS. •COMPONENTS CAN FURTHER BE PULLED OUT ATDIFFERENT JUNCTIONS AND LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF UPPERSTOREYS AND TERRACES.

•THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RLT IS A THIN TILE THAT CAN BE MADE WITH DIFFERENT TEXTURES, COLOURS, AND MATERIALS. •THE TILE IS MADE WITH A 1:2 MIX OF CEMENT AND MARBLE OR STONE CHIPS THAT IS CAST INTO A SIMPLE MOULD AND DE-MOULDED AFTER ABOUT HALF AN HOUR. •AFTER 48 HOURS CURING THE TILE IS READY TO BE USED.• THE TILE FORMS THE OUTER IMPERMEABLE AND PERMANENT SURFACE OF A RLT. •THE COMPOSITION OF THE TILES BACKUP BLOCK CAN RANGE FROM MUD, LEAN CONCRETE ETC., TO A MIXTURE OF FLYASH, GYPSUM AND LIME. ASIMPLE MOULD •IS USED TO CAST THE BLOCK. THE WEDGE IN THE TILE ENSURES BONDING BETWEEN THE TILEAND THE BACKUP MATERIAL TO MAKE A PRE-FINISHED WALLING BLOCK. THE RLT CAN BE USED ON SITE AFTER DEMOULDING AND 48 HOURS CURING

•WALLS USING INTERLOCKING BLOCKS ATTEMPT TO RESPECT THIS PRESENT DAY CONTRADICTION WITHIN RCC,• BY USING CONTINUOUS HOLES FOR INSERTING HIGH TENSION BARS WHICH ARE PRE-STRESSED FROM THE ENDS, THROUGH THE SURROUNDING FRAME, •THUS LOCKING THE BLOCKS INTO POSITION• THE CAVITIES ARE THEN FILLED WITH FINE RIVER SAND. •THUS THE TENSION IN THE WALLS THATMAYBE CAUSED BY A HORIZONTAL THRUST WILLBE TAKEN BY THE STEEL AND THE COMPRESSION BY THE CONCRETE

•THE ENTIRE AREA TO BE ROOFED IS DIVIDED INTO A GRID DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE FUNICULAR SHELL REQUIRED OR THE SIZE / SHAPE OF MOULDS AVAILABLE.• THE EDGE BEAM / SUPPORTING BEAM IS HALF CAST. THE REINFORCEMENT CAGE OF THE EDGE BEAM CAN EITHER BE PRE WELDED OR MADE IN THE CONVENTIONAL MANNER. •THE RISE TO SPAN RATIO IS 1:6 THUS; THEOPTIMAL SPAN OF THE SHELL IS 3 M THOUGH IT CAN SPAN UP TO 15 M. •THE MOULD IS SUPPORTED BETWEEN THE EDGE BEAMS. TIMBER PLANKS ARE USED TO BRIDGETHE GAP BETWEEN THE EDGE OF THE MOULD AND THE EDGE BEAM.• A THIN LAYER OF SAND IS PUT ON TOP OF THE MOULD WITH A LAYER OF THE FINISHING MATERIALS- BRICK / STONE TILES / MUD BLOCKSETC. ALONG THE CURVATURE OF THE MOULD OR ACCORDING TO INDIVIDUAL CHOICE.•INTERESTING PATTERNS MAY BE CREATED BY ARTISTICALLY MINGLING THE CHOSEN MATERIALS ALONG WITH WASTE BY-PRODUCTS E.G.- EDGING OF MARBLE / GRANITE SLAB OR BROKEN TILES ETC.•CEMENT SLURRY IN THE RATIO 1:2 IS POURED OVER THE ASSEMBLY AND IS ALLOWED TO SETTLE.

DESIGN CASE STUDY

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

GEODESIC DOMESSWARAN SINGH BLOCK

VENE BOLCKS

PROPOSED TECHNIQUES

•TAKE A SIMPLE, MANUALLY OPERATED BLOCK MAKING MACHINE AS AVAILABLE WITH MOST OF THE BUILDING CENTRES •TAKE A STIFF PVC SHEET OR RED MUD PLASTIC SHEET CUT TO THE SIZE OF THE BASE OF THE MOULD.• COAT IT WITH USED MOBIL OIL TO PREVENT ADHESION AND FACILITATE EASY DEMOULDING FROM THE SURFACE OF THE BLOCK.•STONE PIECES OF DIFFERENT COLORS AND ARRANGE THEM IN PATTERNS AS MAY BE DESIRED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARTICULATION OF MATERIALS.•PREPARE A 1: 3 MIX OF CEMENT AND SAND MORTAR. POUR THE MORTAR EVENLY OVER THE STONE CHIPS•THE VIBRATION HELPS INTEGRATION OF THE STONE•PIECES WITH THE CEMENT MORTAR TO FORM AN IMPERMEABLE DIAPHRAGM..•PREPARE ANOTHER MIX OF MUD WITH 2% CEMENT OR 5% LIME OR THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO. THIS MIX FORMS THE MAJOR PORTION OF THE BODY OF THE BLOCK. .•TAKE A JUTE PIECE LITTLE SMALLER THAN THE SIZE OF THE BASE AND DIP IT IN CEMENT SLURRY. PLACE THE JUTE PIECE IN THE MOULD AND FILL THE REST OF THE MOULD WITH THE SAME MIX TO ABOUT 2/3 RD OF THE MOULD AND ADD ANOTHER LAYER OF JUTE DIPPED IN CEMENT SLURRY.•NOW FILL THE MOULD TO THE TOP. LOCK THE LID AND USE THE COMPRESSOR TO COMPRESS THE BLOCK•SURFACE OF THE WALL AND WILL REQUIRE A FLASH COAT LATER IF AT ALL, ONLY TO EVEN OUT THE SURFACE.• REPEAT THE PROCESS OF COMPACTION. THE JUTE PIECES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS THEY BIND THE WHOLE MUD MIX WELL AND ALSO ALLOW FOR EASY LIFTING OF THE LARGE MUD BLOCK

•G DOMES ARE MADE OF SIMPLE SECTIONS OF DOMES IN TRIANGULAR SHAPE•THE SECTIONS ARE MADE FOR MEMBERS AND FACING•THESE SECTIONS ARE JOINED USING MILD STEEL PLATES•THEN LINED WITH FACING

•IT COMPRISES OF A MOULD MADE OF TIMBER. THE MOULD IS USED TO MAKE THE ADOBEBLOCKS RIGHT WHERE THE WALL IS TO BE ERECTED, AND RELIES ON A SIMPLE NON-MECHANISED PROCEDURE. •THE MOULD IS PLACED WHERE REQUIRED AND THEN EARTH MIXTURE IS POURED IN AND COMPACTED WITHIN THE MOULD. •ONCE THE MOULD IS FILLED AND ALL THE EARTH WITHIN COMPACTED, THE MOULD IS LIFTED OUT AND MOVED AHEAD TO MAKE THE NEXT BLOCK. •THE SAME PROCESS IS REPEATED. THE MOULD ENSURES THAT THE BLOCKS ARE LAID PRECISELY AND GIVES IT A CLEANER FINISH THAN THE ROUGH, HAND COMPACTED ADOBE WALLS.

DESIGN CASE STUDY

SEMESTER: 7TH

BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1

LOW COST HOUSING DWARKA SEC 23

PROPOSED TECHNIQUES

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS•REDUCE PLINTH AREA BY USING THINNER WALLS•FREQUENT CHANGES IN DESIGN SHOULD BE AVOIDED•BUILDING SHOULD BE IN REGULAR SHAPES SUCH AS SQURE, RECTANGLE•BASEMENT SREA SHOULD BE MINIMUM•RATIONALIZE EVERY COMPONENT OF HOUSE SO THAT CHAJJAS AND BALCONY SIZES ARE REDUCED•PRE CAST LINTELS TO BE USED•CEILING HEIGHT TO BE KEPT AS MINIMUM AS POSSIBLE•MINIMUM SUNKEN SLABS FOR TOILETS AND KITCHENS•SINGLE STACK SYSTEM FOR PLUMBING TO BE USED•PVC PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE•EVAPORATIVE ROOF COOLING SYSTEM TO BE DESIGNED•USE OF PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS•USE OF OTHER LOW COSST AND ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS