Submitted by:

Aakash Dev

Civil Department

Shri Vaishnav Institute of

Technology and Science Indore

Email:

dev.aakash1794@gmail.com

Key Features

Inexpensive to build

Save money while also maintaining building

quality

Not sacrificing the strength, performance and life

of the structure

Takes less time in building in comparison to the

conventional ones

Use of resources while not harming the

environment

Final result should be affordable for most people

Why do we need low cost

houses?

Growing population day by day

Affordable housing for BPL people

We need a solution that is fast

Easy to build

Fulfills the needs of conventional houses

Our country aims that in our near future each and

every individual has his/her shelter for his family

and to fulfill this need we definitely need some

immediate plans

Different building techniques

are:

Recycling

Extensive planning

Modular planning

Infilling

Recycling

Recycled materials adapted for low-cost housing include wood and rubber that are previously been used.

Reprocessed into materials that are used in building walls and other parts of a house.

Recycled glass and metal are also used on occasion.

These recycled materials are often less expensive than using fully natural products.

Extensive planning

In extensive planning, the more planning goes into a house, the less the actual construction will cost.

Contractors should plan out exact dimensions and should gather facts.

Contractors should look for the best materials at the cheapest prices so they can order exactly what they need.

This saves money that would otherwise be wasted on unnecessary supplies and cleanup caused by littered materials.

Most houses are built as quickly as possible without this detailed planning beforehand.

Modular planning

Modular building is a type of construction

where pieces of the home or typically whole

rooms or major parts of rooms ,are built off-

site in large factories.

This process allows the pieces to be built

efficiently and exactly according to building

standards.

At the site, the pieces are connected to the

house.

Since materials aren't assembled on-site,

owners save money on construction time,

including the time it would take to clear away

Infilling

Infilling is the practice of going back

through residential areas and

building in areas that had previously

been left empty.

Now its possible to build on because

of resolved environmental concerns,

space issues or other problems that

have since been remedied.

Infilling makes better use of existing

space.

It is less expensive for contractors

overall

Techniques to reduce cost from

area

Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.

Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil cement blocks in place of burnt brick.

Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less energy like concrete block in place of burnt brick.

Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for conventional building components like use R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.

Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure for reducing the size of the component in the building.

By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials due to demolition of the unplanned component of the house can be avoided.

Construction technique adopted

Foundation

Wall

Lintel

Roof

Foundation

The foundation cost comes to about 10 to 15% of the total building

Suggested to adopt arch foundation in ordinary soil for effecting reduction in construction cost up to 40%.

In the case black cotton and other soft soils it is recommend to use under ream pile foundation which saves about 20 to 25% in cost over the conventional method of construction.

wall

Making use of Rat – trap bond wall &

Concrete block wall.

It is a cavity wall construction and leads to

reduction in the quantity of bricks required

for masonry work.

By adopting this method of bonding of

brick masonry compared to traditional

English or Flemish bond masonry, it is

possible to reduce in the material cost of

bricks by 25% and about 10to 15% in the

masonry cost.

By adopting rat-trap bond method one can

create aesthetically pleasing wall surface

and plastering can be avoided.

Concrete block walling

In view of high energy consumption by burnt brick it is suggested to use concrete block which consumes about only 1/3 of the energy of the burnt bricks in its production.

By using concrete block masonry the wall thickness can be reduced from 20 cms to 15 Cms.

Concrete block masonry saves mortar consumption, speedy construction of wall resulting in higher output of labour, plastering can be avoided thereby an overall saving of 10 to 25% can be achieved.

Lintel

The traditional R.C.C. lintels which are costly can be replaced by brick arches for small spans and save construction cost up to 30 to 40% over the traditional method of construction.

By adopting arches of different shapes a good architectural pleasing appearance can be given to the external wall surfaces of the brick masonry.

Roof

Normally 5" thick R.C.C. slabs is used for roofing of residential buildings.

By adopting rationally designed construction practices like filler slab and precast elements the construction cost of roofing can be reduced by about 20 to 25%.

Filler slabsThey are normal RCC slabs where bottom half (tension) concrete portions are replaced by filler materials such as bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc

These filler materials are so placed as not to compromise structural strength, result in replacing unwanted and nonfunctional tension concrete, thus resulting in economy.

These are safe, sound and provide aesthetically pleasing pattern ceilings and also need no plaster.

Laurie Baker(1917-2007)

Laurie baker Was an award-

winning British-born Indian

architect.

Renowned for his initiatives in

cost-effective energy-efficient

architecture.

Made many concepts related to

low cost housing.

Techniques used by Laurie

Baker

The Hamlet Laurie bakers

home This is Baker’s home in Trivandrum built on a plot of land

along the slope of a rocky hill, with limited access to water.

Baker’s genius has created a wonderful home for his family.

Material used from unconventional sources.

Electricity wiring is not concealed.

According to Baker, fans and lamps can be avoided as in India there is sunlight all round the year, which also means that if water is stored in the southern part of the house, hot water can be made available.

Made Use of BRICK JALLIS.

Effective way to minimize your electricity bills

Built In Furniture For The Hamlet

Recycled Wood from

traditional demolished

building.

All materials are used in their natural form,

exposed brick work, mortar, concrete shows

the truthfulness of materials.

Baker’s loves to material in their natural form.

Quality of spaces

Major plans progressing at present in

India

•Affordable Housing

Affordable housingDemand for housing in India is literally going through the

roof. To cater to the increasing demand, Tata BlueScope

Steel supplies affordable housing solution - a Complete

Solution to the customer right from Conceptualization-

Design-Manufacturing- Supply.

Thus, using light guage structure (LGS) along with world

class ZINCALUME® steel and COLORBOND® steel, Tata

BlueScope Steel provides all benefits of a conventional

house in a very short span of time.

More about the solution

Benefits of ZINCALUME® steel- durability, design flexibility,

termite resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength,

dimensional stability, light-weight structure, etc.

Being steel, it is earthquake resistant, fire resistant and thermally

efficient; also has energy efficiency and environmental friendly

credentials.

The insulation laid against the underside of roof sheeting dampens

the rain induced vibration at point of impact and a substantial noise

reduction is achieved.

In addition to noise reduction, the insulation also significantly adds to

the thermal insulation properties of the roof system.

The Steel Building is easy to build. What more, it helps reduce cost

by reducing foundation cost due to lighter superstructure, reduced

cranage cost, less labour requirement, fast construction time, etc.

To counter the various problems, optimum residential

buildings have to be built in huge numbers, not only to

prevent the expansion of slums and chawls, but also for its

eradication.

This solution provides steel houses that can be erected in a

very short span of time and which have all features

equivalent to or better than conventional houses.

These LGS houses have been tested and are in use in

various countries such as the USA, China, Malaysia,

Vietnam, Indonesia, etc. to name a few.

NGOs, Government Agencies, Corporates and Individuals

involved in Rehabilitation/ Relief works can make use of

our affordable housing solutions.

Benefit to society

IIT Madras-The 6.5 lakh home

The researchers from the civil engineering department of IIT

Madras have developed a method for low cost housing.

This is to build rapid, cost-effective mass housing using glass

fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG) panels. Gypsum is a waste

by product of the fertilizer industry & an environmental hazard

too.

This method of construction is not only less expensive(cost

2/3rd), but also less time consuming as the 'GFRG demo

building' was constructed by the IIT team in just a month and

is even ecofriendly.

Since 2003, the IIT-Madras research team had conducted

extensive studies on the use of these panels as structural

How its made ?

These panels, originally developed by RBS Australia, were

intended as wall panels ('Rapidwall') suitable for rapid erection of

walls in buildings to carry gravity loads.

The panels are made of calcined gypsum plaster, combined with

special additives and glass fibres, to produce GFRG panels - 12m

long, 3m high and 124mm thick (with hollow cavities).

The IITM research group extended the application of this product

for the entire building system - including floors, roofs, and

staircases, thus significantly reducing the consumption of

Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).

The team also collaborated in the indigenous development of an

excellent water-proofing material, which is essential for prolonged

durability of the GFRG panels, especially in the case of roofs and

toilets.

The panels are prefabricated and cut to desired sizes

based on room dimensions with openings for doors and

windows, thus making rapid construction possible.

Filling the cavities with concrete increases the vertical

load-carrying capacity almost tenfold, and inserting

vertical steel bars in these cavities, contributes to their

earthquake resistance.

Advantages over conventional

buildings:

High speed of construction

Less built-up area for the same carpet area.

Less embodied energy and carbon footprint:

significant reduction in use of cement, sand, steel

and water; recycling of industrial waste gypsum.

Lower cost of structure: savings in materials; no

plastering.

Lower building weight (panels weigh only 43 kg/m2),

contributing to savings in foundation and reduction in

design for earthquake forces, particularly in multi-

storeyed construction.

Buildings up to 8-10 storeys can be designed using

this load-bearing system, without the need for beams

and columns.

Starting from

the foundation

Provide

support for

vertical walls

Construction

of second

storey

Settling the roof

Fine finish and

furnishing

Smooth

walls

Conclusion

There is a strict need at present in India for

building cheap and affordable houses

It is the key to nations development ,to provide

proper shelter to its citizens

The growing population in urban areas have led to

a strict shortage in land, congested traffic and

housing shortfall

This has also led to the hike in prices which

makes it impossible for common people to have

their own houses

Thus there is a immediate need for construction of

cheap houses in large scale

Bibliography

Google search

Wiki

Times of India

NDTV

Tata BlueScope steel

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Thank You….