logy course 6

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. r"eopl6ia mems anewlhsue srouhiit h m abnomal tGsue Frolileraron

. pesistenl

. ucodinated*ith the sDdobdine n$ues- rhe grofrl does not stop even aierelininarion $e stinllDs, qhich

induced the prclifention

BIOLOGYOFMALINGNANT CELLS

Acquned diseas€ (rypes or

. ctum ca {i talad subslricet. mcroba (vfa aqed$

- nherled d sease (geneticdefech). PornGis cd > cooncadenomas



Carcinogenesrs

. ce It \s]brnt on dr s bYaLrdrigrhecell senome Di'ls the aciion olftevaridus reent = unor cLoDe (ir 'ial rol

seDddion orralfmed ell:. Prolifua(ion oltanslomld celh:

formarion ora rDmor inas(P.n.1roL,. Tdfl., progre$ror aidnnor

ietrorcn rr' 0rrogretrron)linial y l *. mon$romr Gte e gfle

Ln!L'pLelddjLo.e4emuljoN)=

bmrreai@. iilasion, netMis,

' Loelinvbior arddishnr .rarasg

t.:

Mechan sms of local invaslon and metastasis

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Robbins and Kundr t€rlbo0k orPal[olos] des.riptior ofthe procds orn,lignartprogre$ion and netastasis



CLASSIFICATION OF NEOPLASMS

. The main classification of neoplasmaccording with its biologic behaviour

' BENIGN. MALIGNANT

- TurnoLrrs can also be classified according iothe cel of orlginl1 EP THEL AL NEOPLASIVS2 IVESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

D,pas or neoplasm3

matisuinr neoptis (cane4

ird adlr@nr1$ues. €i spread (md:slases) in

Terminology of the neoplastic diseasesma$ G swen ns !$!e)

. For d€fiinq rhe na si:rtlumoul



Neoplasm morphology. Any ben q^ lumor (TB)and maignanlluhor (1M)has 2 componedls:

G) luno, p:,ei.,yma=slhem*sorn@pasrcce s(b) tmor stina 6m ds or

' df&dnDna cFn@bfttn'la

rhe imp asl c g.ovih requnes de6o

Morphological characteristics ofdistinguishing between TB and TM

. Differentiation and anaplasLa

. The rate of groMh

. Local invasion

.lvletasiasis



Hsioogi.a leaturs ofdifferenlialion of the n€prasms

mdsmaityolneopaslt.elswlh

w.



6ed j.ms 16!)b nondne€dded (ND)c,anap'ai.r..ns

tt

I'i:..,

The rate of growth

-TBs slow groMh .hlthm-IMs Epid growth lh!,thm

The raie oitlmor grosnh is corielaied wilh thedeg€e of diiferenUalion:

TM-WD=lhey grow more srowyTM-PD=they srow rapdy

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Local i

,.iain no atrhe oace or oiqii or

rBs laGsrcwne s owy) deveop

N.r arTBs areencapsu aled bdaG.i€dr ddned and seprErd

dar nen ex-ot nq hsanqyoma

nvaslon

IMs sjod Gpsy nvadiiqadra.edi$!es atrd causng ine(

nvasoi h a.haBcldrsiicieal!rc

Local invasionfeaturenfiltrative



Metastasissmsdbssinares away rrcn fierP (!

Loca sprcad direcllumo' spled iadj

e nyperprasra

o4a I idn,Lro,oou+ v4deneo.ao e"p.ur{' e po_:r aio o d{.'" dpairhe pra@ord qh ofhepimary rlmoD

l/letastastatic ways of tumor cells

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Visceral metastases

The eftects ol benign and

LocalEffectsCompress ng of thetissues -TB becomec ln.aly manLfesied

overinfecion (TB, T[I)

iTB Tlr,1)

rnaligfanl lumors ir the body

' Systemlc Effects- Cachexia (TM)

'TMpaGneoptasrcsdr

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laboraLa. q/tolosical

' Histologlcal :!! Pteq-

Neoplasm algorithm diagnosis

B€nig. rnd malisoant epith€lial tuBoB

, Bflign epiinelal rmos (TEB) de @nposd of dilleendated epnhelal rissu€s

- epidemoid nucou nmbtues- gladuld epithelim. Cbsincation (2 subt$et:- papilloms



Papilloma

Squamocellulrf p.pillona. Tunool epithelial prolifedlion with odsi! in epidemis

- vegorarive lunor ptojecrins on fie sli. suda.cldious dinensions (l-2 cn)

- ltree b6is of inrl&tation and o idegultu $nlrce

Squamous papilloma

3sa suppon and n ieil '1.!,:,

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Skin papilloma

as e evited skinres

onsr'tr dh

eo'lhe um trh ch oft€n slro$hy pe*erarosis on the su rlac€

m! rp e rnqeF te Pb.Jed ons

gqedon.onlanmg a @'e ol

Cutaneous warts

vulga swarts-skinpapilloma caused bY

human papiloma virus(HPV)

- Ml- skin papiloma wiih

- MA-pjgmenied smailvegetalion localized on

l6



AdenomaAdefoma is a TEB wiih ongin n glandllarepitheLum

' p'ore!o or9l.-d-l4eplre'Ftol o.fa,o pae /-aexod ne and endocaie o€anspm le,ali.i or duotular epilhelium

c assfcaton 3Vpes oiadenomas (after macroscopicappeahnce aid p ace oiorigin)- adenon.s deveoped ts@ s andurar pa€nchyma

- adenoma d€v€ oped in cav lary organs' madospcappea€neoipor'!hdicdardfodue)o,

,daidh,oG po yp (PA)

. ovaiai.ydadeiohd - (cA)

EXOCnne Otano aoenoamas. Exocrine glaidular

aoenoamas common yoeverops In mammaryglands, salivary glands

mammary slands (FA). Mixed iumof, homono-

. l'/A-nodulaf solid. touqh.-oncapsllated. sm: | (1-2

l8



Fibro-adenoma of mammary glands

I cttr

" *rt\tTI(a) 6pdh€liar dpoianl is mde up of

(b) rha conndve omponedis@mpo

Endocrine g aoenomasEndocrine gland adenomas are accomoaried bycharadenst c endocfl ne synoromes:- Thyrc d: excess oJ ihyroxine (tireotoxicosis)

PaEthyroid: hypercal€emia. Codi@! adrenal lhat ecrels st€ro ds (Conn & Cushinq

. Medular adcnalthat *reis catheco amine(ph@mmeylm.)

. Etcesof ACTH (sdr. Cushing)

. Ex@ss ot sTH {acrmegaly in younq lfe and giganismin

landular

t9



Thyrod g andu ar adenoma

Tdsilir..

:li,[i:ti

Parathyroid aoenoma

20



Pheocromocitoma

4sryry

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adenohalous lub! ar poLyps

m! lLo e-sh shod baseoT

(a) pedt e whch s@vtr€d d'

(b) qiobd' e4'emi/ornodulr,

(c)mscdar aye,orrhem@osa6

. N,lA'sess eveqetalvellmor,

vilh shod and thick ped ds andiiegura su{ece dueb$epGse.ce oi iumemus vr

(a) 6 emP.sed ol v'l denten bY

and cov€red bv a PrdileEtedsurrace eo thel um ooknonormaloiDP wlh €ducad

b) musceleye.olrhemlcosa is

villous

22



tubulo-villous polyps. [,1A-rtrnorrook nq ad.rescenr

sl'ucl!rc consstnq ot vil

. lvl llretubulov ousPoLYP

G) s oompced oi a ir* keped cle oo a n nq nunerous

covered by nuh€rousvm{b)nscre Laye, otrhehumsa s

colonic adenomaious PoIYP

Go$vnodu|eamonedbyapedidem4ilrnqqF*

. MM,s nrudue P h mdd $wE +hd€idFPaa

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progression to neoplasiaPrc.ancerous Lesons most onen encounl€red

Precancerous lesion

. EndDnel a hyperp 3sa end ofmammary s and. chroi c allr.oplr c s.slr hs w 1rr nleslrna merapras a and dysp as a

. Adenomatouscoonporyp

. coron c dyspasia n ulcechemoiihag c co $s

' cffoncautoimmunedseases+ LMNFl

' Ce acdiseaser nresinal ymphoma. Auio mmune thyodl s+ lhynd lymphoma

Siages ofdeveopment oineopasia afd progess:on oflhe DPio neopasia

-cldqyh.adF*dDo4rDbgc

lsDodanqe[slbj&iennD!{r M] mdqdqi

l{



in situ squamous cafcinoma

MALIGNENT EPITHELIAL TUMORS(cARCTNOMAS)

malignant epthellal tumors

lurnorderlved from epilhe a Ussles

-a'.9na1r epirheliar tu-o s are characler zed by:- are common in adulls aid eiderY- o,ag-osrs > eslaol ,r n srage 0 C S\ '00o; I edlr g

f.equenlly g ve lymphaiic melaslasesclasslflcaiion of carcinomasl

)5



EPIDERN,lOID CARCINOAI!1A(scuAN,4ocELULLAR CARCINOAIVIA )

. Origin:

- mucous eprdermord

eo demoid areas oisclamous metaplasra(plLf slfaif ed gut ep thelium)

. Localion:

- i,4ucous epdermod membrares: lip, longue. pliarvnx|arynx, exoco , vag na

- l\4u@us membranes wlh ies ons ol epidemoidmeiaprasia ex. bronchial eptheium (smoking)i

biliara channel (calcu ous)

Precancerous lesions

' There are 2iypes of dysplasic lesions:ore otten on the l4e, salp

doca hands (ski^ etposed io sun iolit). Vi paq,e,o'cm r "tr -0". M -celLs f6m haLl lMr pad of the €p demis presents atvp a

and ma*ed dyspa$a- Int€epdem ccarcioma (carcinonal^ situ epld€moid)c S

.V"p'|neace5M1,'ydala'|eod6-a'a/AFl1lo'',nd deomofim) MB s iiacl

pb eminenl. €d broM P aques w lh roca

. DasnosG shou d be m.de ln cls stas€

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na^.1.:.:1o:'1i1!]!ele1€r&qe5ddfferedJon

: ; ; " ;::"i . :i:T"*:;:i::T#;fl;:i*.':;"' ;!is"i^',",S'i?"",'"1?i',*";'i3."i::sb rni!:r v bv'vmpria,"

.!E dlre epehrt ruo$ . e ( MD q m' j'- i,,'.-' -".s" "

WD invasive scuamous carcinoma

28



MD invasive scuarnous carclnoma(no keraUnization)

scuarnous carcinoma -lymph node rnetastasis

19



Basal cell carcinoma

(CBC) s a Part culal lorm

oriain: basal ayer of lheep6ermis and hair fo licle

MacroscoP!cary:ulceraiile €rc noma wh

NoduLar and ulcerated basal ce I carclnoma

(ulcus rodens)

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Basal cell carcinoma of the skin

':,

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AdenocarcinomaAoenocarcino'na (ADC) is a tumor wth ongin inthe olandular eoithelium from caviiary organs(stohach, colon) ot parenchymalolgans (lung

3)



Adenocarcinomas ,.'g-,\".,.'':|t

,j)

niacroscop ca! lypes or aarc.omas

il



Adenocarcinoma-M I

eds lr!b*) aid dhvpE rmdersdh

Particular forms of ADC

- MA b;d d -i ** iso c*th""

d [email protected]*)

;!:;s.-d.!et bt ce &re

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WD gastric adenocarcrnoma

colonrc invasive adenocafcinoma

l5



coloid and ing cell gastrjc carclnorna

Garcinoma metastasesA. Lyniph nodes metastas s

-Macosc.pcaly - rymph nodes are ncr$s ng n

l\rl .b*od€ ly- lunor ce s nvade rymprr node atea

B VisceraL metasiasis:

- M crcsccpicaly



Adenocaac nomahepatic

logy course 6

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