logy course 1

8/14/2019 logy Course 1

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PATHOLOGYCourse 1

Gell Injury

lh efiecls of the di*ase = stuctu

PATHOLOGY


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PATHOLOGY

General - stldy of basic pathologjcalprocesses (lesions)Special - study of morphologicaT substrateof the diseases

Methods used in cLinical patholog):Hisioically,

I Histopathologlcaldiagnosisr Cfodiagnosisr Oihe|s->dyagnosis

Aoaiom@ n l srudy basedoi dorpho dgi obsetoatiotrof the esions al a gross eveH slopathorogy s rh-" base torp:lho oglel study=tlre sludy orcyloLogy is rhe study or deLLllar


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Thr term oi iniLrq or lcsionThe lesion represents allchanges producedin cells, tiss!es or organs caused by theaction of various etiological agents: physicar,chernical or bioUcal.Types of leslonsr tissular, cellularultrastruciura and molecular.Cell lesion is characterized by morphoiogrcaland functional celLular changes caused by theaction of various paihogens.

Etiologl of diseasesPhysicalase s:mechanca tEUm2 dalrcns ex.essivehealor

s lreavy metas so vnis

ency or xcess :>endocr neNuirition.i deric ences: derctorv ram n def c en.y ma absorbf on syndrome


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Cellular response to the pathogensCellularresponsetothep.tholensdependson (a)thelypof celand (b)tre duGton and lntens ly ol lhe palrr0qns

e pddmd er e: hbr $6 dld rd! w, b) @ !@inrchtrq&Ihohbmi

Chaprer I-Celular and extacelular lnjury/lesions

r Acule Revers ble: hydropic degenerationr ffevelslbLe: necrosis and apoptosrs. Chronic Revercible:. adaptal ons of ellgrowth and dfierentation:HP HT,AT

o Inlracellular accumuat on: offa1, pole ns glycoqeno Ini6cellular accumu ato. ol pigmentso lntury @!sed byabnormalities n Lcilm metabo!smEXTMCELLULAR LESIONS


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I Acute Revetsiblc: hvdropic degeneratronHydrcp. degenera idn is a deGbreceinlur] elr.i E ihe fEr manibsrafion or esonthal appea6 in a mosi alceL lypes oraqgfession. or ow iniensltyHydrop c deqenelion (DH)orce u aredema{srelnsolel)sa 4ion dha%cierzed byce L lr pefiydratron oocudn0 unde. the act onolvatrous patfrosens (anoxia Io! ns v ruseslDH oddors $ien @lscan no onger manE ithe hydro-onc balrnde. by alle.at on oi theNa-K pump al the de orcelmefrbEnhav ng as tlecl, sod um and waler entan

Hydropic degenerationDH ls evident in

sweeLrng). _


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'a''

o:


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Hydropic degeneration!n DF, l@trcn micrcscopy shoN

of the olasma membr:ne. sudh a3.r iunace and loss or intrcel u ardhaEoredzed by wling andREs with detedhment or nssomesi

Chronic.eversible-Celular adapbtionAdapii.g ce reactons areadaptalions of cell growlh anddiifef enlation in various phvsiologicaLand patho ogical condiiionsTypes of adaptaiive reactionl! hypedrophyand hyPerplasaE atrophy and invo ulion


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T}T)es of cellular adaptive reactionsq?c ol ceu giofrh ud differenii2lior

Tissue response of adaptarion

_ R4ss b e njury/s m

De(ae ng in ihe cellnumbrInoreasiq in the celnunber

chaiq.s in.eI d]firrenrr onchanging ro anolher cer type


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Cbinges rhat causc Lhc incrcase oldssnhi m2ssH}'I)edoiLt and Hypciplrsi.HypedrcPhy (Hr) c a reaclionchaEcte.ized by inorsins orllr iissue oroBan v0rume by

fypepasa{fP)isarcacloncharactodzed by increasin9 ofthe t ssu oror9an v0rume bymulipy ng orlhe nunberor

q srdh r.clo, (Fc) h axces

lhl snn.gi.rl & PlLlrnlogici ny?ctuoPhy and h)?crPltsi!g and volume in pregiancy

Increasing ol the muscularresponse lo intense exerc se

Concenirlc hypertrophy oithe lefi venircle due toHTA (obstace in iront oiL\4Endomelr a hyperp asraauero nype.esrogen sm


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Adaptative tissDe response or racdon

Adaprattve rissue responsc

I


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Ad:ptad\e tissue response or reacrion

Adrptrbvc rdcLion qnh

ad,-Arophytinyoruuon)rb' e! q aM-o'i'--!! s . Revs


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Chr.ees c^!snrg redu.ri!n olrissul.r masscsIoPh\

Atroohv js a soonse of cellu ar adapialoncld,a.ien7eo o' eoLcr.g 0fd 0s< F o'o qd1/o rndbdecreasing the vo ume or.elcomponentsCauses. chronic rschem a malnulflion. etcMA:The atrohied organ is sma lellhan romalwith a lanMO Airoohied @ has a red!@d vdwe lessorqarele> drd ran re>oJ:loooe'.Eg brow'd[oo'


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t-,b"-r" g.. r t "t"pqt, "".bPr ys oloqrca affophy (occ-rs du'ing developrenl)' " "oae e.Dlot s acu -noe soes d.'opl) dr'rqletaL deveLopmenl (involulion or treoglos channel)D poslnatal: invo ul on ofthymus in adolesce.ce

(a)invorllion oflhe postpadum myohelnuh: lhe ulerusdecases in size aner pregnancy (reduced endodne(b) generalsenile atrcphy n lhe eldedy the nsufliceniyoftunctona acliviiy and endocnne secret on

-Lttophy pi uludon)


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ffioLogr."l "rropf', lin\ oludon)Parholoq.a Aioph/rcnbe o.a zed orqneE'zed)oll b { rg cie' !rchronic G.hem a) w h.on5equen"toon/of lr"FE Dde !\,1rabeniqri neioanqios edse and m/. ?s. t' q b, !'ppresso o'311(ro'Jra.tbs.e -o vrs. e er'oPf, ot oF:.iT o . >,,u10o/sopp-qd,\e ero-q r1A EeArophy n the mu< esof lreloder It ol ose ofendocine silmurusEj j;.-;e;1. +u,al opiy b! .onp,ession 3 a lom ol scrEm c alrophv resu led

2n Pnclgvq!|@irtrz@

hrcirah.omDre:5on or an orc3n on nearbv iissuesE q frdronelos s and hrdrocephaia {Ls eiown asrnr.:d,. nereoi.e,e1e o"a

Skeletil muscle and cardiac attoPhy


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Changes in cell differentiationll.'1PLltaMetaplasia is a tjssue adaptation achievedby changing ofthe cellular differentiationshown by replacing of a mature ussue withanother type of mature tissueTypes:r EpilhelialmetaPlasra

r Connectiver.eiaP!asLaSquamous cpitelid mcrrPlasil

Cylird ricaL epilhelium olChrcn c irlalion (calcu uEyllrd calepilheilmof

Transitional epithellum of

Deficrency.!LlamnA


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Squamous metaplzsia olche broncllal mucosa

SqurmoLLs or(rpltrqid or'hr rru.iuun?l eli'helium

fr#Ec' lch,oM M?Dp6k4 trln l;blo; :!:!rl,dse,J ::; - e'd!n

eprhe !m I


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CiLndric.rl met:rPLasie

InicsEnal nc|rplnsl^

Finalt$Le - -_- L (ssueG:strD LHei@bac Intestnaep, he umller P, on epjrhel'um


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Connective metapLasra

condroblasls with boneor cadilage fomation,

cclldar


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ce! ord' rld@rrt{en5

NecrcsB Lncludes a spdrumeadLng to cellgroup deam n a geneli@]lY Prograomed celllntensily and vaded aetiolagy

^r o or apodoe.,{ne o'3 oasapop o F oii{drs01 t.e1ira


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)

Congula!i\ ( Necrosis r! \poPtosis*

(t:r\'.--a

q^eF F ,..'r,!;t:.:&


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Seqlleniial morPhological changes 1ncorgulariofl apoptosls'cno.sca EvenG 'n apoptos s

'5m!lle'./ropLsm6mo'ediiesnc' ;i'r#.1T %',fr1ff11'L'r"';!t"Tilllfi:!"iiJ+':x',1ff P *'*i**"*i,ldT;*{':,**"";;1*;i::,""1"ir-^"1"ffiggfiffis"1f;trf{i,?hr'iffi

Apoptc,sis an.l oftaqcs apoPtosls


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ru3sfr(h nronse eos ioph rc clioFas

ApopiG3h6dddbreq6s'oG3

-.tri

Apoptosis rs Disn )incc ornl)oPtos(

! condilions assocratedwith inhibilion oiapoptosis (lons cellI c.r.nomas suBvalolcancer ce ls (mubnons n

gaids proslale ovary. Auto mmufe discrde':{secondarylo Persislenlautof eaclive lymphoctes). conditions assocraled


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t Types of necrosisCoagulation necroslsLiqueiaction necrosisHaemorrhaglc neclos scaseous necrosisFibrinoid necrosisFat necrosisGangtenous necrosjs

l-LorgulJn\e nc.rosls


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Liquefactive necrosis

Cazeous necrosts


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Haemorhagic necrosisHaemolhagic necrosis


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Fibrinoid necrosis. ll is a lype of necroslschafaclerlzed by thedeposiiion oinbr n Inthe area oi necrosrs.' Eg

Lipde(ldcreatE)Triglrceides --.-- -.-.-...- ?iatY(rcleded fron necotic ceu, d,ids+!t- ..)nEolub . SOAPs


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logy course 1

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