From Technologies to Markets

© 2020

LiDAR for Automotive and

Industrial Applications

Market and Technology

Report 2020

Sample

2

Glossary and definition 2

Table of contents 4

Report scope 6

Report methodology 8

About the authors 9

Companies cited in this report 10

What we got right, What we got wrong 11

Yole Group related reports 13

Executive Summary 15

Context 43

• Scope of the report

• Historical perspective

• What’s new? Products launch, collaboration, fundraising

Market forecasts 61

• LiDAR volume and market forecast

• Automotive LiDAR market and volume forecast

• Industrial LiDAR market and volume forecast

• Alternative scenario

Market trends 96

• Automotive applications

• Industrial applications

• Defense, space and scientific applications

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1/2

3

Market shares and supply chain 140

• Players and market shares

• M&A and investments

• Partnerships and supply chain

• LiDAR in automotive development process

• Chinese landscape

Technology trends 185

• Image formation

• Components

• Products

• Integration in ADAS vehicles

• Novel technologies

• Technology roadmaps

Teardowns 241

Outlooks 253

AboutVelodyne 257

• Company profile

• Analysis

How to use our data? 280

AboutYole Développement 281

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 2/2

4LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

SCOPE OF THE REPORT

Markets and applications

Yours needs are

out of the report’

scope?

Contact us for a custom:

Consumer Automotive IndustrialDefense &

aerospace

AR/VR

ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

AR: Augmented Reality

VR: Virtual Reality

ADAS

Robotic cars

Logistics

Energy

Factory

automation

Construction

Smart buildings

Smart agriculture

Security

Planets

Atmosphere

Logistics

Out of scope In scope

LiDAR consumer

applications are

covered in Yole

3D Imaging &

Sensing report.

5LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

METHODOLOGIES & DEFINITIONS

Market

Volume (in Munits)

ASP (in $)

Revenue (in $M)

Yole’s market forecast model is based on the matching of several sources:

Information

Aggregation

Preexisting

information

6LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

COMPANIES CITED IN THIS REPORT

ABAX, Aeva, AEye , AGC, Airbus, ams AG, AOET , Argo AI, ASC, ASE Technology, Audi, Aurora Innovation, Ball Aerospace, Baraja, BEA , BEAMAGINE,

Beijing SurestarTechnology, Benewake, Blickfeld, BMW, Bosch, Bridger Photonics, Broadcom, Carnavicom , Cepton Technologies , Continental,

CoreDAR, Cosworth, Delphi, Denso, Draper, Eblana photonics, Eckhardt Optics, EOLOS, Eonite Perception, Epistar, Epsiline, Excelitas Technologies,

Faro, Fastree3D, Ficontec, Finisar, First Sensor AG, Fujitsu, GeoSLAM, GuangshaoTechnology, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hesai Photonics Technologies,

Hexagon AB, Hitronics Technologies, Hokuyo Automatic, Huawei, Huyndai, Hybo , Hybrid LiDAR Systems, Hypersen Technologies, Hyundai Mobis,

Ibeo Automotive Systems, II-VI, Imuzak, Infineon Technologies AG, INFOWORKS, Innoluce BV, Innoviz Technologies, Innovusion, Insight LiDAR,

Iridian Spectral Technologies, Irvine Sensors Corp., Jabil, Jaguar, Kaarta, Koito, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Laser Components, LeddarTech, Leica

Geosystems, LeiShen Intelligent System, Leonardo, Leosphere, Lexus, LG, Livox, Lumentum, Lumibird, Luminar Technologies, Lumotive, Magna,

Marelli, Meller Optics, Mercedes-Benz, METEK Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Micralyne, Micro Photon Devices, Microvision, Mirada

Technologies, Mirrorcle, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Neophotonics, Neptec Design Group Ltd. , Neptec Technologies, Neuvition, Newsight

Imaging , Nextcore, Ocular Robotics, OEwaves, OLEI LiDAR, Ommatidia, Omron, ONSemi, Ophir, Oplatek, Oqmented, Osram, OURS Technology,

Ouster , Panasonic, Phantom Intelligence, Phoenix LiDAR Systems, Pioneer Smart Sensing Innovations Corporation, PSSI, pmdtechnologies AG,

Preciseley Microtechnology Corp., Princeton Optronics, Quanergy Systems, Quantel laser , Quantum Semiconductor International (QSI), Redtail

Lidar, Renault, Renesas, Riegl, RoboSense, Rockley photonics, Scantinel Photonics, Sense Photonics, Sick AG, SiLC Technologies, STMicroelectronics,

Teledyne Optech, TeraXion, TetraVue, Topcon, Trimble, Valeo, Velodyne LiDAR, Veoneer, Volkswagen, Volvo, Waymo, Webasto, XenomatiX, Z+F Laser ,

ZF Friedrichshafen AG, and more.

7

Pierrick BOULAY, Market & Technology Analyst

Pierrick Boulay works as a Market and Technology Analyst in the fields of LED, OLED and lighting systems. He performs technical,economic, and market analyses at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’ market research and strategy consulting company.He has industry experience in LED lighting, including general and automotive lighting, and OLED lighting.

Prior to Yole, Pierrick worked in several R&D departments on LED lighting applications. He holds a master’s degree inElectronics from ESEO in France.

Contact: pierrick.boulay@yole.fr

Alexis DEBRAY, Market & Technology Analyst

Alexis Debray is a Technology & Market Analyst in the MEMS and Sensors team at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’market research and strategy consulting company. Alexis spent 17 years in Japan, including 2 years at the University of Tokyowhere he studied MEMS technologies, and 15 years at Canon Inc. where he was a research engineer. There he contributed toworks on MEMS devices, lingual prehension, and terahertz imaging devices. He is the author of various scientific publications andpatents.

Alexis graduated from ENSICAEN and holds a PhD in applied acoustics.

Contact: alexis.debray@yole.fr

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

Biographies & contact

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

8LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

LiDAR: FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO APPLICATIONS

LiDAR

Fiber-optic

communication

VCSEL

PETSiPM

Consumer optics

Optical packaging

OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography

PET: Positron Emission Tomography

SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier

VCSEL: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Laser diode

Geographic

Information

System

Cloud data

OCT

Automatic

target

recognition

Mobility

Robots

Space

Topography

Wind

Up to

$M 500

$10 000

$1 000 000

$30 000

$500 000

$500

$75 000

Consumer

MEMS

scanner

Image processing

$1

$10

$1000

$2 000

$100 000

Logistics/Industry

9LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

HISTORY OF LiDAR

1930

In the 1930, EH

Synge conceived

the LiDAR.

1939

Ellis A. Johnson, a

Carnegie Institution

Scientist, uses a

searchlight to

capture signals up

to 40 km.

1953

Columbia University

team led by Charles

Townes build the first

maser (microwave

amplification by

stimulated emission of

radiation)

1960

In 1960, TH Maiman

conceived the first

laser.

1962

The Hughes Mark

II Colidar is the

first commercial

LiDAR.

1963

SRI build the SRI

Mark I lidar for

atmospheric

studies.

1968

George D.

Hickman flies the

first bathymetric

LiDAR.

1969

Apollo Lunar

Ranging

Experiment (LURE)

lands on the moon

with Apollo 11.

1974

York University

(Canada) physicist

Allan Carswell

and his wife Helen

found Optech.

1978

Johannes Riegl

founds Riegl.

1984

Milton Huffaker

founds Coherent

Technologies to

commercialize

lidar wind-

detection systems

1998

Cyra Technologies

introduces the

Cyrax 2400, the

first tripod-

mounted,

commercial 3D

scanner.

2000

University of Texas

at Austin team led

by James Gibeaut

create the first

lidar-based digital

elevation model of

an archaeological

site, at Copan,

Honduras.

2004

DARPA Grand

Challenge in the

Mojave Desert ends

with no

finishers. SICK line

scanners are a

popular sensor among

teams.

10

LiDAR RANGING METHODS

There are three LiDAR ranging methods: pulsed time of flight, phase shift, and frequency modulation.

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

Pulsed Time of Flight

Pulsed Time of Flight (ToF) is a direct

measurement of the time of flight of light

from the emitter to the scene and then to

the photodetector.

This technique allows measurement of

several reflections.

It relies heavily on Time to Digital

converters (TDC) which transform the

pulse arrival timing into digital signals.

Phase Shift

In phase shift time of flight, continuous

waves are used and the time of flight is

measured as a phase difference.

The use of continuous waves allows for

heterodyne detection which is much

more sensitive than direct detection.

However, the maximum range is limited

by phase wrapping.

Frequency Modulation

In frequency modulation, a continuous

wave is modulated in frequency and the

time of flight is measured as a frequency

difference.

As with phase shift, continuous waves

allow for heterodyne detection. Moreover,

radial velocity can be easily measured.

However, a highly coherent source is

needed to use heterodyne detection.

11LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

LiDAR IMAGING METHODS

LiDAR

1D 2D/3D

Beam steering

Mechanical

Macro-mechanical

Turntable

Galvano scanner

Risley prisms

Voice-coil

MEMS

Micro-mirror

DMD

SLAM

Optical

Optical-phased array

Liquid crystal

Wavelength sweeping

Electro-optic

Fixed beams

Flash

Sequential flash

DMD: Digital Micromirror Device

MEMS: Micro-Electro Mechanical System

SLAM: Simultaneous Localization And Mapping

• 1D LiDAR include rangefinders and speedometers. They are used in construction and law enforcement, and out of the scope of this report.

• New technologies have been recently developed to achieve 3D LiDAR images.

• In sequential flash, an array of lasers in sequentially activated in order to partially illuminate the scene.

• DMD has been recently used to scan a laser beam in LiDAR.

• In wavelength sweeping, a laser beam passes through a prism. By changing the wavelength of the laser, the deflection of the beam is changed.

• Electro-optic method, such as the Kerr effect, have only been reported in academics.

12LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

EVOLUTION OF LiDAR USED BY ROBOTIC CARS

Reference

Number of channels

Range / m

Point per second

Power consumption / W

Weight / kg

Price / $

HDL-64E

64

120

1,300,000

60

12.7

70,000 est.

OS2-64

64

240

1,310,720

14- 20

0.93

20,000 est.

64 lasers and 64

photodetectors assembled

on several boards.

Up to 128 lasers and 128

photodetectors on two chips.

From 2017 to 2020, the LiDAR technology used by robotic cars have

evolved drastically. The Velodyne HDL-64E integrated 64 lasers and 64

photodetectors assembled on several boards. On the other hand,

Ouster uses up to 128 lasers (VCSEL) and up to 128 photodetectors

(SPAD) on two single chips assembled on a single board. The weight is

decreased from 12.7 kg to 930 g.

Courtesy of Velodyne Courtesy of Ouster

13

SILICON PHOTONICS FOR LiDAR

Performances

Recently, silicon photonics LiDAR has performed impressively in small packages.

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

Courtesy of Baba Lab, Yokohama University

In March 2020, the new iPad

included a LiDAR scanner.

This could be a great opportunity

for silicon photonics LiDAR.

The silicon photonics LiDAR from Baba Lab/Yokohama University integrates OPA scanning,

lasers, a modulator, and photodetectors on a single chip.

Courtesy of SiLC

At CES 2020, SiLC partnered with

Varroc Lighting Systems to integrate its

FMCW LiDAR into a headlamp.

Courtesy of SiLC

Also at CES 2020, SiLC demonstrated

the operation of its FMCW above

200m, capable of measuring crosswalks

at 220m and 2-inch objects at 190m.

Courtesy of Apple

14LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

LiDAR TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR ADAS VEHICLES

2000 2012 2017 2020+ 2030+

No LiDAR No LiDAR + Short range LiDAR

Audi integrates the Valeo Scala with mechanical scanning

and long-range performances (80 m).

Long range LiDAR

Some cars integrate non

scanning laser ranger for AEB

with short range (15 m)

Flash LiDAR using VCSEL arrives for Short/Mid range (below 80 m).

• MEMS technology is integrated in long-range LiDAR (> 80 m).

• Fiber laser is introduced in long-range LiDAR.

• SPAD array are used for flash LiDAR.

• SiPM is integrated in long range LiDAR.

• FMCW is mature for long range LiDAR.

+ Short-/mid range LiDAR

15

LiDAR MARKET FORECAST BY APPLICATION

2019-2025 Forecast

A 18% CAGR is expected in the next 5 years with automotive as the main driver.

2025

$3.8B

Note: ADAS vehicles do not include non scanning LiDAR used in ADAS levels 1 and 2.

ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance System

CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate

$180M

CAGR 12%$87M

$19M

$1.7B

CAGR 114%

$1.0B

$40M

$390M

$1.3B

CAGR 6%

$44M

CAGR 2%

$567M

CAGR 5%

2019

$1.6B

Robotic vehicles

ADAS vehicles

Topography

Wind

Industry

Total market

LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

16LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

LiDAR MARKET SHARE

2019 Market share by revenue

Total market: $1,598M

Trimble21%

Hexagon AB19%

Sick AG13%

Topcon9%

Velodyne LiDAR6%

Riegl5%

Faro5%

BEA Sensors3%

Teledyne Optech3%

Valeo2%

Ouster 2%

Leosphere2%

Waymo1%

Hokuyo1%

LeddarTech1%

RoboSense 1%

Hesai1%

Advanced Scientific Concepts

1%Others

5%

2019 LiDAR market share

Company name LiDAR revenue/MUSD

Trimble 333

Hexagon AB 304

Sick AG 202

Topcon 150

Velodyne LiDAR 100

Riegl 85

Faro 72

BEA Sensors 45

Teledyne Optech 42

Valeo 32

Ouster 29

Leosphere 28

Waymo 18

Hokuyo 18

LeddarTech 15

RoboSense 14

Hesai 13

Advanced Scientific Concepts 12

Others 81

• The LiDAR market is dominated by traditional companies in topography (Trimble, Hexagon, Topcon) and factory automation (Sick AG, BEA Sensors).

• Velodyne has seen its revenue decline in 2019 due to unit price reducing. It is a strategy of the company.

• New comers like Valeo and Ouster are starting to have LiDAR revenues.

• We estimate that Waymo produces LiDAR for its own robotaxis. The “market” for Waymo corresponds to the market price of the LiDAR.

• Chinese LiDAR companies like Hesai, RoboSense and Surestar, have an established business. Because a smaller unit price, their market share in dollars is modest.

*Revenue are for hardware only.

17LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

AUTOMOTIVE LiDAR PLAYERS

Israel

Japan

China

Canada

Australia

USA

Europe

Guangshao

Technology

South Korea

18LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020

AUTOMOTIVE LiDAR ECOSYSTEM

Laser Sources

Optical Elements

Photodetectors

IC

VCSELEEL

MEMS

PD/APD

ADC: Analog Digital Converter

APD: Avalanche Photodiode

EEL: Edge-Emitting Laser

FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array

IC: Integrated Circuit

MEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical System

PD: Photodiode

SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier

SoC: System on a Chip

SPAD: Single-Photon Avalanche Diode

VCSEL: Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

SPAD/SiPM

FPGA

Optical filters

Optical systems

ADC

Amplifier

LiDAR Systems

Guangshao

Technology

SoC

Fiber laser

19

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

Sensors for Robotic Mobility 2020

Status of the MEMS Industry 2020

Sensing and Computing for ADAS vehicles

Artificial Intelligence Computing for Automotive

3D Imaging & Sensing 2020

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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS

Yole Développement

20

Contact our

Sales Team

for more

information

LeddarVu8: The first off-the-shelf solid state high-

definition LiDAR module from LeddarTech

Valeo SCALA Laser ScannerLivox Horizon LIDAR

Teardown

Hamamatsu Photodiode and

Laser in Livox’s Horizon LiDAR

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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS

System Plus Consulting

21

CONTACTS

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+1 208 850 3914

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GENERAL

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camille.veyrier@yole.fr - +33 472 83 01 01

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sandrine.leroy@yole.fr - +33 4 72 83 01 89

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+ 1 310 600 8267

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