Darrel LongOng Xin JieTeo Zheng Jie

Team

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Pow

er

Energy Efficiency(Lighting)

1Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture

Lesson Objectives

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 2

Definition:Returning, or "bouncing" of a wave off of a surface

which resists that kind of wave at the same angle

Reflection of Light

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 3

RECAP:Angle at which light ray enters is the angle of incidence

Angle at which light ray exits is the angle of reflection

Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Reflection of Light

• Reflections off a smooth surface are sharp• WHY: Waves are allowed to return "intact“ and

undisturbed

• If the reflective surface is not smooth, diffuse reflection occurs• WHY: Different parts of the light hit the surface in

different places at different depths and different times

• Results in a mostly blurred image

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 4

Refraction of Light

Definition:Change in direction of a wave

when it passes into a new substance

• WHY: Different substances affect the speed of light within itself differently

• Optical density: How well light passes through the medium [The higher the density, the ‘harder’ it is for light to travel through it]

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 5

Refraction of Light

• Normal: Line perpendicular to spot where light hits substance

• If new substance has a higher refractive index/ higher optical density than the original substance, the ray of light will be bent towards the normal

• If new substance has a lower refractive index/ lower optical density than the original substance, the ray of light will be bent away from the normal

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 6

Reflection and Refraction

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 7

Practical Application

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 8

Practical Application

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 9

Reflection and Refraction

Questions:• What type of surface should one use?

• Should one use a material with a high or low refractive index?

• Which set-ups on the right are suitable to ensure maximum lighting of the room?

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 10

T5 (Fluorescent Tube) System

• Components: lamp, ballast and luminaries

• Small in lamp with big lumen output

• Applications:• Corridor• Void deck• Lift lightings

BenefitsEnergy saving Longer lamp life Less maintenanceBetter lighting design

(indirect lighting etc)Easy installation

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 11

Amalgam Lamp

• Good colour rendering at 4000 Kelvin

• Cool white colour temperature

• Applications:• 3-4m post-top

luminiaries for footpaths• 6m street lighting• Wall security lighting

Benefits Longer lamp life: 10K hr Longer power: 55W Lead freeEasy installation/retrofit

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 12

Amalgam Lamp

• Good colour rendering at 4000 Kelvin

• Cool white colour temperature

• Applications:• 3-4m post-top

luminiaries for footpaths• 6m street lighting• Wall security lighting

Benefits Longer lamp life: 10K hr Longer power: 55W Lead freeEasy installation/retrofit

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 13

Ceramic Metal Halide Lamp

• Consistent colour rendition helps to highlight both texture and colour

• Concentrated brightness and excellent optical control allow maximum design flexibility

• Applications:• Indoor medium bay down

light for industrial areas, public space and shop

Benefits Longer lamp lifeConsistent colour

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 14

Light Emitting Diodes

• Minimal energy to achieve high luminance

• Applications:• Phase indicator light on

main switchboard• Exit light, AV obstruction

lights• Lifts, block signs, garden

lights, interior hiding

Benefits Low power

consumption Longer lamp life Less maintenanceVibrant colours to

enhance visibility

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 15

Magnetic Ballast

• Reduces lamp system power in steps by corresponding stepped reduction in load voltage

• Applications:• Connected at lighting

distribution board for lighting load filled with magnetic ballasts

BenefitsReduce energy usage by

up to 25%Easy to install; no extra

modification requiredAble to operate at lower

temperaturesExtended life

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 16

DALI Lighting Management

• Digital Addressable Lighting Interface – controls degree of brightness

• Applications:• Dim to optimal levels• Detects and identify

failed lamp• Generates useful data

(Burning hours)

Benefits Automatic checking of

lights – increased productivity

Simplify wiring installation

Lower maintenance cost and energy usage

Increased occupant comfort

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 17

Electronic Timer

• Automatically turns off lights

• Applications:• Automatically turn off

lights in public areas at prerequisite times

• Programmable timings to offset differentials in sunsets and sunrises in different months

Benefits Automatic on/off –

increased productivity Reduces energy usage Enhanced security

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 18

Electronic Timer

• Automatically turns off lights

• Applications:• Automatically turn off

lights in public areas at prerequisite times

• Programmable timings to offset differentials in sunsets and sunrises in different months

Benefits Automatic on/off –

increased productivity Reduces energy usage Enhanced security

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 19

Motion Sensor

• On-demand lighting

• Applications:• Automatically turn off

lights in areas such as enclosed staircases

Benefits Automatic on/off –

increased productivity Reduces energy usage Enhanced security

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 20

Photocell Light Sensor

• Senses condition to determine lighting requirement

• Applications:• Control of lighting in

dark corners which requires lighting in the daytime due to overcast sky/timing

• Void decks/ letter boxes

Benefits Energy saving

Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 21

The End

• Any questions?

22Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture