Download - Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture
Darrel LongOng Xin JieTeo Zheng Jie
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Energy Efficiency(Lighting)
1Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture
Lesson Objectives
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 2
Definition:Returning, or "bouncing" of a wave off of a surface
which resists that kind of wave at the same angle
Reflection of Light
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 3
RECAP:Angle at which light ray enters is the angle of incidence
Angle at which light ray exits is the angle of reflection
Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Reflection of Light
• Reflections off a smooth surface are sharp• WHY: Waves are allowed to return "intact“ and
undisturbed
• If the reflective surface is not smooth, diffuse reflection occurs• WHY: Different parts of the light hit the surface in
different places at different depths and different times
• Results in a mostly blurred image
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 4
Refraction of Light
Definition:Change in direction of a wave
when it passes into a new substance
• WHY: Different substances affect the speed of light within itself differently
• Optical density: How well light passes through the medium [The higher the density, the ‘harder’ it is for light to travel through it]
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 5
Refraction of Light
• Normal: Line perpendicular to spot where light hits substance
• If new substance has a higher refractive index/ higher optical density than the original substance, the ray of light will be bent towards the normal
• If new substance has a lower refractive index/ lower optical density than the original substance, the ray of light will be bent away from the normal
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 6
Reflection and Refraction
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 7
Practical Application
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 8
Practical Application
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 9
Reflection and Refraction
Questions:• What type of surface should one use?
• Should one use a material with a high or low refractive index?
• Which set-ups on the right are suitable to ensure maximum lighting of the room?
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 10
T5 (Fluorescent Tube) System
• Components: lamp, ballast and luminaries
• Small in lamp with big lumen output
• Applications:• Corridor• Void deck• Lift lightings
BenefitsEnergy saving Longer lamp life Less maintenanceBetter lighting design
(indirect lighting etc)Easy installation
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 11
Amalgam Lamp
• Good colour rendering at 4000 Kelvin
• Cool white colour temperature
• Applications:• 3-4m post-top
luminiaries for footpaths• 6m street lighting• Wall security lighting
Benefits Longer lamp life: 10K hr Longer power: 55W Lead freeEasy installation/retrofit
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 12
Amalgam Lamp
• Good colour rendering at 4000 Kelvin
• Cool white colour temperature
• Applications:• 3-4m post-top
luminiaries for footpaths• 6m street lighting• Wall security lighting
Benefits Longer lamp life: 10K hr Longer power: 55W Lead freeEasy installation/retrofit
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 13
Ceramic Metal Halide Lamp
• Consistent colour rendition helps to highlight both texture and colour
• Concentrated brightness and excellent optical control allow maximum design flexibility
• Applications:• Indoor medium bay down
light for industrial areas, public space and shop
Benefits Longer lamp lifeConsistent colour
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 14
Light Emitting Diodes
• Minimal energy to achieve high luminance
• Applications:• Phase indicator light on
main switchboard• Exit light, AV obstruction
lights• Lifts, block signs, garden
lights, interior hiding
Benefits Low power
consumption Longer lamp life Less maintenanceVibrant colours to
enhance visibility
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 15
Magnetic Ballast
• Reduces lamp system power in steps by corresponding stepped reduction in load voltage
• Applications:• Connected at lighting
distribution board for lighting load filled with magnetic ballasts
BenefitsReduce energy usage by
up to 25%Easy to install; no extra
modification requiredAble to operate at lower
temperaturesExtended life
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 16
DALI Lighting Management
• Digital Addressable Lighting Interface – controls degree of brightness
• Applications:• Dim to optimal levels• Detects and identify
failed lamp• Generates useful data
(Burning hours)
Benefits Automatic checking of
lights – increased productivity
Simplify wiring installation
Lower maintenance cost and energy usage
Increased occupant comfort
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 17
Electronic Timer
• Automatically turns off lights
• Applications:• Automatically turn off
lights in public areas at prerequisite times
• Programmable timings to offset differentials in sunsets and sunrises in different months
Benefits Automatic on/off –
increased productivity Reduces energy usage Enhanced security
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 18
Electronic Timer
• Automatically turns off lights
• Applications:• Automatically turn off
lights in public areas at prerequisite times
• Programmable timings to offset differentials in sunsets and sunrises in different months
Benefits Automatic on/off –
increased productivity Reduces energy usage Enhanced security
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 19
Motion Sensor
• On-demand lighting
• Applications:• Automatically turn off
lights in areas such as enclosed staircases
Benefits Automatic on/off –
increased productivity Reduces energy usage Enhanced security
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 20
Photocell Light Sensor
• Senses condition to determine lighting requirement
• Applications:• Control of lighting in
dark corners which requires lighting in the daytime due to overcast sky/timing
• Void decks/ letter boxes
Benefits Energy saving
Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture 21
The End
• Any questions?
22Lesson 1 Introductory Lecture