laser-based water level sensing: seeing the unseen
TRANSCRIPT
Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
Laser-based Water Level Sensing:Seeing the Unseen
Joshua Benjamin, Dr. David Kaplan
November 6th, 2017
Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/evapotranspiration.gif
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a
critical component of the
global water balance
ET accounts for 70-95% of
incoming precipitation in
Florida1
ET is difficult to pinpoint due
to a lack of accurate and
affordable sensor technology
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/wctranspirationwatertable.gif
Background
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White Method2,3
Developed by Walter White in 1932
Sy = Specific Yield
∆𝑠 = is the daily change in storage
R = net inflow/outflow rate [L/T]
Major assumptions2:
Diurnal water table fluctuations are a
product of plant water use
Groundwater consumption negligible
b/w midnight and 5 AM
Constant inflow/outflow rate
Specific yield is constant over time*
𝐸𝑇 = 𝑆𝑦 ×∆𝑠
𝑡+ 𝑅
Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
Current Technology Onset HOBO U20L Water Level Data
Logger
Accuracy = 0.4 cm
Precision/Resolution = 0.14 cm
Cost = $300.00
Subject to errors (>1cm) from4:
Moisture accumulation
Differential heating across the system
Errors based on3:
Installation location and media
Differences in atmospheric and water
temperature
Variations in solar radiation
Long equilibrium times
𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
http://www.onsetcomp.com/files/styles/image_widget_large/public/product-images/HOBO-Water-Level-Logger-
U20L-01-apart_1.jpg?itok=KNSuKT0i
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New Technology Leica DISTO E7100i5
Accuracy = ±0.15 cm
Resolution = 0.01 cm
IP54 Certified
Costs $150.00
Measurement Principle:
The Phase-Shift Method
c = the speed of light [L/T]
f = the modulation frequency
[1/T]
Δφ is the phase shift between the
measurement signal and the
reference signal [L]
𝐷 =𝑐
2𝑓∙∆𝜑
2𝜋
http://lasers.leica-
geosystems.com/sites/default/files/product_images/e7100i_left_top.jpg_c636653a1m.jpg
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Sensor Components
http://lasers.leica-
geosystems.com/sites/default/files/product_images/e7100i_left
_top.jpg_c636653a1m.jpg
Leica DISTO E7100i5
Floating Target Platform
Next Thing Co. C.H.I.P.
http://images.bit-tech.net/content_images/2016/10/next-thing-co-
chip-and-pocketchip-review/chip-2b.jpg
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Laser Mods Modified Laser to be USB
powered
Convert 5V to 3V – USB to
AAA
Started out with a custom
board
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Laser Mod – Buck
Converter
Modified Laser to be USB
powered
Converts 5V to 3V – USB to
AAA
Started out with a custom
board, transitioned to a Buck
converter mounted in a
custom casing inside of the
Disto battery casing
Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
𝐹𝑏 = 𝛾𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑∀𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦Floating Target
Platform
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Python.svg/2000px-Python.svg.pnghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bluetooth-Logo.svg/1280px-Bluetooth-Logo.svg.png
Written in Python
Interfaces between the computer
and the laser
Has custom start and end time
configurations
Exports data in a .txt format
https://eltechs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/eltechs-sq-512-300x300.png
Laser.py
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Well Case Design
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Longleaf
Flatwoods
Preserve Owned by the St.
John’s Water
Management District
2850 acres
Study site is Mesic
Flatwoods w/ Pomona
soil5 – sandy clay loam,
established in 20036
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Experimental
Setup1. Leica DISTO E7100i4
Located inside of front well cap
2. Floating Target Platform
Inside Back well
3. Next Thing Co. C.H.I.P.
Located inside of gray box
4. AGM Car Battery
Inside of Black Box
5. Onset HOBO Logger
Located Inside back well
1
3
2
4
5
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Results – December Trial
Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
Results – December Trial
Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment
Results – December Trial
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RSE Calculation 𝑅𝑆𝐸 = 𝑦2
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Measurement Root
Square Error
𝑅𝑆𝐸 = 𝑦2
LB-WLS Average = 0.05±0.04 cm/day
HOBO Logger Average = 0.19±0.16
cm/day
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UF Watershed
Ecology Group
People :
John Loeffler – 3D
Printing
Jackson Benfer -
Programming
Kevin Henson –
Field Work
Acknowledgements
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References1. McLaughlin, D., & Cohen, M. (2013). Realizing ecosystem services: wetland
hydrologic function along a gradient of ecosystem condition. Ecological
Applications, 23(7), 1619–1631. doi:10.1890/12-1489.1
2. White, WN, 1932. A Method of Estimating Ground-Water Supplies Based on
Discharge by Plants and Evaporation from Soil: Results of Investigations in
Escalante Valley, Utah.
3. McLaughlin, D., D. Kaplan, and M. Cohen, 2013. Managing Forests for
Increased Regional Water Yield in the Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain.
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
4. McLaughlin, D., and Cohen, M. (2011). “Thermal artifacts in measurements of
fine‐scale water level variation.” Water Resources Research, 47(9), n/a–n/a.
5. Leica Geosystems. (2016). “Leica DISTO E7100i.”
6. SJWMD, 2009. Longleaf Flatwoods Reserve Land Management Plan. St Johns
Water Management District.