SEEING THE UNSEEN

01 INTRODUCTION

03 IN ACTION02 INTEGRATION

04 DEPLOYMENT

n OVERVIEWn VALUE FOR BUSINESS n MAXIMISING PRODUCTIVITY n ENHANCING INTERPRETER PERFORMANCE n REDUCING INCIDENT POTENTIALn UNIQUE CAPABILITIES OF SHELL

n WIDE AZIMUTH SEISMIC SURVEYINGn NON-SEISMIC DATA INTERPRETATIONn STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATIONn BASIN & PLAY ANALYSIS

n PLAY BASED EXPLORATION n BASIN MODELLING n GEOCHEMISTRY KNOWLEDGE CAPTUREn INTERACTIVE SEISMIC PROCESSING AND DIAGNOSTICSn REGIONAL INTERPRETATION PLATFORM n DATA ACCESS, DATA MANAGEMENT AND GEODETIC INTEGRITY n MULTI-SCALE 2D/3D INTERPRETATION n SCALABLE VELOCITY MODEL BUILDING AND DEPTH CONVERSION

n STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK BUILDER n WIDE AZIMUTH SEISMIC DATA INTERPRETATION SUITEn INTERACTIVE QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATIONn NON SEISMIC DATAn GLOBAL EXPLORATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & FASTRACK

n TECHNOLOGY LEVERAGED GLOBALLYn SEAMLESS GLOBAL ROLLOUTn DIRECT WORKFLOW SUPPORTn COLLABORATION FOR OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY

/ INDEX OF CONTENTS

GEOSIGNS* is highly advanced seismic imaging and interpretation technology: a suite of tools, integrated to a degree unique in the industry, developed to pursue more complex prospects in ever more challenging environments. Derived from a century of experience in the field, GEOSIGNS helps Shell and partners increase efficiency and make better business decisions, globally.

ShellGeoSignsSubsurface Interpretation Workspace

*GEOSIGNS is a trademark that is owned and used by companies of the Shell Group

OVERVIEWGEOSIGNS* is highly advanced seismic imaging and interpretation technology: a suite of tools, integrated to a degree unique in the industry, developed to pursue more complex prospects in ever more challenging environments. Derived from a century of experience in the field, GEOSIGNS helps Shell and partners increase efficiency and make better business decisions, globally.

VALUE FOR BUSINESS

MAXIMISING PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCING INTERPRETERPERFORMANCE

REDUCING INCIDENT POTENTIAL

GEOSIGNS has been instrumental in many recent exploration and development successes for Shell. Its advanced capabilities deliver tangible business benefits. They include basin modelling, seismic survey acquisition design, seismic processing quality control, regional interpretation, quantitative interpretation, volumetrics and production geosciences, and portfolio management.

GEOSIGNS co-visualisation capabilities bring greater efficiency to field development by providing better resolution of structural uncertainties, while quantitative interpretation supports hydrocarbon identification and potential quantity for planning, drilling, operations and field development budgeting.

A ‘modelling while interpreting’ tool offers specialists who are working with seismic and well data the ability to assess the implications of interpretations in terms of the structural and thermal evolution of the prospect, from basin modelling; conditioned by geological, geophysical and geochemical data.

Efficiency is increased by the combination of three factors: the integration of tools, automated technologies and a common interface for standard and specialised workflows. Flexibility is also a key feature, allowing users to interrogate data according to their particular workflow.

Risk management in well planning is improved by: identifying seafloor and subsurface hazards, providing accurate formation depths and pore pressure predictions. In addition, GEOSIGNS can perform quality control on fault topology and seals.

UNIQUE CAPABILITIES OF SHELLShell was one of the first companies to develop its own interpretation and visualisation system.The integrity of GEOSIGNS is derived from decades of leadership in geological and geophysical exploration and development.

Watch this short film to find out more about GEOSIGNS.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=643q-fb1xc0

The seamless integration of a unique breadth of data types is a defining aspect of GEOSIGNS, delivering added value by extending our understanding of basin and reservoir potential. This extensive suite incorporates dozens of proprietary technologies developed to help Shell and its partners build a comprehensive picture of the subsurface.

ShellGeoSigns

BASIN & PLAY ANALYSISA global interactive database designed to enable play based exploration, giving explorers access to a wide variety of subsurface data. This allows the identification of the best exploration growth opportunities, creatively and consistently, through better understanding and risking of the basins and petroleum systems in which they work and the geological plays that they contain.

INTERACTIVE SEISMICPROCESSING AND DIAGNOSTICSA toolkit for the interpreter to support additional processing of seismic data for better resolution of the smallest details. This system leverages the many years of seismic processing experience within Shell to reveal unique insights and properties in the subsurface.

REGIONAL INTERPRETATION PLATFORMPerformance capabilities extend far beyond comparable systems due to the integration of a number of fundamental tools which complement the applications used. A particular strength is the speed of converting time seismic data to the depth domain and vice versa, utilising simple or complex operations as required by the interpreter

INTERACTIVE QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATIONA set of tools to model seismic signatures for oil, gas and water at a given location and then compare those signatures to actual stacked and pre-stack seismic data. Amplitude vs offset toolkits, in addition to other modelling suites, help interpreters control the risk in estimating reservoir quality and fluid content.

NON SEISMIC DATAA ‘bottom-up’ view of deep basins to understand and predict pre-salt paleogeography and petroleum system distribution and timing, highlighting possible sweet spots for hydrocarbon exploration.

GLOBAL EXPLORATIONMANAGEMENT SYSTEM & FASTRACKExploration geoscientists, portfolio managers and planners use GEMS/Fastrack extensively to assess the volumetric potential of subsurface resources and manage their portfolios to guide key business decisions.

EXPLORATION PROSPECT EVALUATION AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENTThree modules enable creating prospects and managing them over their lifecycle. This includes evaluating their risked volumetric potential; creating notional wells; and calculating entitlement volumes using portfolio cases that serve as source for the reporting of udSFR and dSFR volumes in the annual reporting of petroleum resources, project initiation notes and/or investment proposals.

GEOSIGNS helps Shell and partners increase efficiency and make better business decisions, globally. Three examples illustrate its contribution to the creation of commercial value.

ShellGeoSigns

WIDE AZIMUTH SEISMIC SURVEYINGIn some deepwater locations, salt layers can distort sound waves during seismic surveys, making it much harder to build an accurate picture. Shell has developed wide azimuth seismic surveying to overcome this challenge; the term describes the precise measurement of the angle in relation to the sea surface.

This new approach entails recording seismic signals from sensors on the seafloor, towed separately from the source boat, or on land using geophones. Wide azimuth recording images rock and salt layers from patterns up to 360° of azimuth for superior resolution and interpretation of the seismic data, often providing information on rock layers that was

previously invisible. The higher costs of acquiringwide angle seismic data and the computing powerneeded for analysis limited the application ofwide-angled surveys. Advances in interpretativetechnology have now made it an invaluable toolfor the exploration of new fields.

Shell deployment of wide-angle seismic surveying in the Gulf of Mexico led to the discovery of four major fields, adding hundreds of millions of barrels of oil and gas to the region’s resources in 2010.

NON-SEISMIC DATA INTERPRETATIONIn frontier areas with sparse seismic data, considerable ambiguity regarding the nature of structural features can arise. Where is the basement…are volcanics present…could the structures be carbonates…where is the salt?

Sensitivity to rock properties means gravity, magnetic, radiometric and electromagnetic data offer insights into the composition of structural features otherwise unattainable from seismic measurements alone.

Magnetic analysis and gravity modelling visualised and integrated in multi-dimensional interpretation (nDI) with seismic data can rapidly discriminate

between alternative hypotheses, giving theinterpreter a better understanding of the basin aswell as potential prospects.

In Colombia, analysis of the macro rock propertiesderived from gravity and magnetic modelling integratedwith seismic data has led to a new play development. It removed ambiguities and yielded new insights into the extent of continental crust and rock properties of the Chinchorro Paleohigh, previously thought to be crystalline basement.

STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION

Stratigraphic rendering of instantaneous phase. Image shown is looking north-west and displays a slice 28ms below top reservoir. Channel features are characteristic of the upper reservoir interval.

The Nelson Field in the UK Central North Sea is a stratigraphically complex, channelised reservoir in production since 1994 and now at the mid-mature stage of field life. The current management strategy is focused on identifying infill well locations with the aim of recovering bypassed oil.

Key to identifying such locations is an accurate reservoir model to highlight un-swept areas through simulation. Recent insights into both the static and dynamic behaviour of the field have led to the building of a new model to understand production performance.The static model was built around reinterpreted macrofacies within a new structural framework. The reinterpretation of macrofacies was undertaken using data sources including seismic sculpting images, seismic attribute analysis, core reinterpretation, well log analysis and production well characteristics. Once integrated, these delivered increased resolution both vertically and laterally.

A new structural model was interpreted to delineate new features. In addition,

Waveform Classifier and Spectral Decompositionwere used in combination with the new structuralmodel to delineate channel margins. Characteristicsignatures from gamma ray, neutron and density logshelped designation of macrofacies and, in particular,checking whether a specificwell was in the correct macrofacies polygon.

The result was that existing macrofacies were interpreted with much greater spatial accuracy. Some evidence suggested it may be possible to subdivide the reservoir into a greater number of macrofacies than before, including channel fairway, channel margin, inter-channel, slumps, abandoned channels and fans.

A new static model suite has been built and carried forward into dynamic simulation. It shows a good history match on total fluid production, oil and water production and pressure. It has helped to evaluate a number of possible infill targets and to better manage the field performance.

Shell works to ensure all its interpreters leverage GEOSIGNS to the full extent. Comprehensive support includes established processes for speedy platform deployment. Technical consultancy drives capitalisation and local training underpins the technical fluency of the workforce. Shell leads the field in its commitment to supporting partners in this way.

ShellGeoSigns

TECHNOLOGY LEVERAGED GLOBALLYGEOSIGNS is a standard global software platform with more than 1200 users within Shell. It delivers knowledge sharing, cost reduction and performance advantages in exploration and development. Applications share a common look and feel; all types of data are available through a data manager. GEOSIGNS runs on Win64 and Linux desktops, laptops and remote blades.

Shell operates High Performance Computing Centres of Expertise in Houston, Amsterdam, and Bangalore as well as with joint venture partners in Malaysia, Oman, and Nigeria. There are also research collaborations with selected universities such as the University of Texas and the University of California at San Diego.

Inside the computingmegacentre

SEAMLESS GLOBAL ROLLOUTShell ensures GEOSIGNS is implemented as quickly and efficiently as possible. The combination of a mature process, global infrastructure and dedicated IT teams ensures tools and technologies are deployed rapidly. Thereafter, the uptake of new functionality is prioritised to the same degree.

DIRECT WORKFLOW SUPPORTShell provides a complete global and regional consultancy service through dedicated experts. They have in-depth knowledge of Shell technology and business elements relevant to geoscientists. Working alongside subject matter experts and technical management, they devise bespoke training programmes to address capability gaps, update users on new features and address technical business challenges. Training is tailored to individual preference, whether one on one mentoring, class room workshops or audio and video online training.

Hands on support Virtual collaboration Training centre

COLLABORATION FOR OPTIMUM EFFICIENCYShell technology experts are part of a close feedback loop which engages Shell product development teams with partners’ technical business challenges, as they arise. Functional and operational insights are discussed to enable faster updates and quick localised deployment.

Virtual reality collaboration room Annual workflow support workshop

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INDEX 5: INTRODUCTION 5: INTEGRATION 5: IN ACTION 5: DEPLOYMENT 5: Knop 244: Knop 245: Knop 246: Knop 247: INDEX 6: INTRODUCTION 6: INTEGRATION 6: IN ACTION 6: DEPLOYMENT 6: Knop 220: Knop 221: Knop 222: Knop 223: INDEX 7: INTRODUCTION 7: INTEGRATION 7: IN ACTION 7: DEPLOYMENT 7: Knop 216: Knop 217: Knop 218: Knop 219: Knop 269: INDEX 8: INTRODUCTION 8: INTEGRATION 8: IN ACTION 8: DEPLOYMENT 8: Knop 158: Knop 159: Knop 160: Knop 161: 2: 1 BASIN 2: Off2 SEISMIC 21: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 22: Off3 REGIONAL 23: Off5 NON SEISMIC 24: Off6 GLOBAL 25: Off1 BASIN 36: Off2 SEISMIC 37: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 38: Off3 REGIONAL 39: Off5 NON SEISMIC 310: Off6 GLOBAL 311: Off1 BASIN 412: Off2 SEISMIC 413: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 414: Off3 REGIONAL 415: Off5 NON SEISMIC 416: Off6 GLOBAL 417: Off1 BASIN 518: Off2 SEISMIC 519: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 520: Off3 REGIONAL 521: Off5 NON SEISMIC 522: Off6 GLOBAL 523: Off1 BASIN 624: Off2 SEISMIC 625: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 626: Off3 REGIONAL 627: Off5 NON SEISMIC 628: Off6 GLOBAL 629: Off1 BASIN 730: Off2 SEISMIC 731: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 732: Off3 REGIONAL 733: Off5 NON SEISMIC 734: Off6 GLOBAL 735: Off1 BASIN 836: Off2 SEISMIC 837: Off4 QUANTITATIVE 838: Off3 REGIONAL 839: Off5 NON SEISMIC 840: Off6 GLOBAL 841: Off

INDEX 2: INTRODUCTION 2: INTEGRATION 2: IN ACTION 2: DEPLOYMENT 2: Knop 248: Knop 249: Knop 250: Knop 251: Knop 252: Knop 253: Knop 254: INDEX 9: INTRODUCTION 9: INTEGRATION 9: IN ACTION 9: DEPLOYMENT 9: Knop 162: Knop 163: Knop 164: Knop 165: Knop 166: Knop 167: Knop 168: INDEX 10: INTRODUCTION 10: INTEGRATION 10: IN ACTION 10: DEPLOYMENT 10: Knop 169: Knop 170: Knop 171: Knop 172: Knop 173: Knop 174: Knop 175: INDEX 11: INTRODUCTION 11: INTEGRATION 11: IN ACTION 11: DEPLOYMENT 11: Knop 176: Knop 177: Knop 178: Knop 179: Knop 180: Knop 181: Knop 182: INDEX 12: INTRODUCTION 12: INTEGRATION 12: IN ACTION 12: DEPLOYMENT 12: Knop 183: Knop 184: Knop 185: Knop 186: Knop 187: Knop 188: Knop 189: INDEX 13: INTRODUCTION 13: INTEGRATION 13: IN ACTION 13: DEPLOYMENT 13: Knop 190: Knop 191: Knop 192: Knop 193: Knop 194: Knop 195: Knop 196: INDEX 14: INTRODUCTION 14: INTEGRATION 14: IN ACTION 14: DEPLOYMENT 14: Knop 197: Knop 198: Knop 199: Knop 200: Knop 201: Knop 202: Knop 203: 3: 1 WIDE AZIMUTH 2: Off2 NON SEISMIC 21: Off3 STRATIGRAPHIC 22: Off1 WIDE AZIMUTH 33: Off2 NON SEISMIC 34: Off3 STRATIGRAPHIC 35: Off1 WIDE AZIMUTH 46: Off2 NON SEISMIC 47: Off3 STRATIGRAPHIC 48: Off1 WIDE AZIMUTH 59: Off2 NON SEISMIC 510: Off3 STRATIGRAPHIC 511: Off

INDEX 3: INTRODUCTION 3: INTEGRATION 3: IN ACTION 3: DEPLOYMENT 3: Knop 255: Knop 256: Knop 257: Knop 258: INDEX 15: INTRODUCTION 15: INTEGRATION 15: IN ACTION 15: DEPLOYMENT 15: Knop 204: Knop 205: Knop 206: Knop 207: INDEX 16: INTRODUCTION 16: INTEGRATION 16: IN ACTION 16: DEPLOYMENT 16: Knop 208: Knop 209: Knop 210: Knop 211: INDEX 17: INTRODUCTION 17: INTEGRATION 17: IN ACTION 17: DEPLOYMENT 17: Knop 212: Knop 213: Knop 214: Knop 215: 4: 1 TECHNOLOGY 2: Off2 SEAMLESS 21: Off3 DIRECT 22: Off4 COLLABORATION 23: Off1 TECHNOLOGY 34: Off2 SEAMLESS 35: Off3 DIRECT 36: Off4 COLLABORATION 37: Off1 TECHNOLOGY 48: Off2 SEAMLESS 49: Off3 DIRECT 410: Off4 COLLABORATION 411: Off1 TECHNOLOGY 512: Off2 SEAMLESS 513: Off3 DIRECT 514: Off4 COLLABORATION 515: Off1 TECHNOLOGY 616: Off2 SEAMLESS 617: Off3 DIRECT 618: Off4 COLLABORATION 619: Off

INDEX 4: INTRODUCTION 4: INTEGRATION 4: IN ACTION 4: DEPLOYMENT 4: Knop 259: Knop 260: Knop 261: Knop 262: Knop 263: INDEX 18: INTRODUCTION 18: INTEGRATION 18: IN ACTION 18: DEPLOYMENT 18: Knop 224: Knop 225: Knop 226: Knop 227: Knop 228: INDEX 19: INTRODUCTION 19: INTEGRATION 19: IN ACTION 19: DEPLOYMENT 19: Knop 229: Knop 230: Knop 231: Knop 232: Knop 233: INDEX 20: INTRODUCTION 20: INTEGRATION 20: IN ACTION 20: DEPLOYMENT 20: Knop 234: Knop 235: Knop 236: Knop 237: Knop 238: INDEX 21: INTRODUCTION 21: INTEGRATION 21: IN ACTION 21: DEPLOYMENT 21: Knop 239: Knop 240: Knop 241: Knop 242: Knop 243: