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Page 1: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

KotlinIn Practice @philipp_hauerSpreadshirt

JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17

Page 2: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt 2

Spreadshirt

Page 3: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Hands Up!

Page 4: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Kotlin Features and Usage in Practice

Page 5: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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References

5

val id = 1id = 2var id2 = 1id2 = 2

Immutable and mutable References

Page 6: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Data Classes

6

Immutability made easy:

data class DesignData( val id: Int, val fileName: String, val uploaderId: Int, val width: Int = 0, val height: Int = 0)

● Constructor (assign args to props)● Getter● toString()● hashCode(), equals()● copy()● final● Default Arguments (no

chaining)

val design = DesignData(id = 1, fileName = "cat.jpg",uploaderId = 2)

val fileName = design.fileNamedesign.fileName = "dog.jpg"

val design2 = design.copy(fileName = "dog.jpg")

Page 7: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Value Objects with Data Classes

//without value object:fun send(target: String){}

7

//expressive, readable, safefun send(target: EmailAddress){}

//with value object:data class EmailAddress(val value: String)

Page 8: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Putting Classes Together

Java Kotlin

8

Page 9: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Null-Safety and Means for Null Handling

9

String?

"Clean" null

String

"Clean"

val value: String = "Clean Code"val value: String = null

val nullableValue: String? = "Clean Code"val nullableValue: String? = null

val v: String = if (nullableValue == null) "default" else nullableValuesmart-cast!

val v: String = nullableValue ?: "default"

val v: String = nullableValue

Page 10: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Null-Safety and Means for Null Handling

10

if (order == null || order.customer == null || order.customer.address == null){

throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid Order")}val city = order.customer.address.city

val city = order?.customer?.address?.city ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid Order")

val city = order?.customer?.address?.city

smart-cast

val city = order!!.customer!!.address!!.city avoid this!

val city = order.customer.address.city

Page 11: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Expressions

11

Flow control structures are expressions!

val json = """{"message": "HELLO"}"""val message = try { JSONObject(json).getString("message")} catch (ex: JSONException) { json}

Page 12: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Expressions

12

Single Expression Functions

fun getMessage(json: String): String { val message = try { JSONObject(json).getString("message") } catch (ex: JSONException) { json } return message}

fun getMessage(json: String) = try { JSONObject(json).getString("message")} catch (ex: JSONException) { json}

Page 13: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Concise Mapping between Model Classes

data class SnippetEntity(val code: String,val author: AuthorEntity,val date: Instant

)data class AuthorEntity(

val firstName: String, val lastName: String

)

data class SnippetDTO(val code: String,val author: String,val date: Instant

)

13

Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com is licensed by CC 3.0 BY

http://www.freepik.com
http://www.flaticon.com
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Page 14: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Concise Mapping between Model Classes

fun mapToDTO(entity: SnippetEntity) = SnippetDTO( code = entity.code, date = entity.date, author = "${entity.author.firstName} ${entity.author.lastName}")

14

Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com is licensed by CC 3.0 BY

http://www.freepik.com
http://www.flaticon.com
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Page 15: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Processing an HTTP Response in Java

15

public Product parseProduct(Response response){ if (response == null){ throw new ClientException("Response is null"); } int code = response.code(); if (code == 200 || code == 201){ return mapToDTO(response.body()); } if (code >= 400 && code <= 499){ throw new ClientException("Sent an invalid request"); } if (code >= 500 && code <= 599){ throw new ClientException("Server error"); } throw new ClientException("Error. Code " + code);}

Page 16: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Processing an HTTP Response in Kotlin: when

16

fun parseProduct(response: Response?) = when (response?.code()){ null -> throw ClientException("Response is null") 200, 201 -> mapToDTO(response.body()) in 400..499 -> throw ClientException("Sent an invalid request") in 500..599 -> throw ClientException("Server error") else -> throw ClientException("Error. Code ${response.code()}")}

Page 17: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Do-It-Yourself ORM

17

@Componentclass UserDAO(private val template: JdbcTemplate) {

fun findAllUsers() = template.query("SELECT * FROM users;", this::mapToUser)

fun findUser(id: Int) = try { template.queryForObject("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $id;", this::mapToUser) } catch (e: EmptyResultDataAccessException) { null }

private fun mapToUser(rs: ResultSet, rowNum: Int) = User( id = rs.getInt("id") , email = rs.getString("email") , name = mergeNames(rs) , role = if (rs.getBoolean("guest")) Role.GUEST else Role.USER , dateCreated = rs.getTimestamp("date_created").toInstant() , state = State.valueOf(rs.getString("state")) )}

Page 18: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Spring: Easy Constructor Injection

18

// Javapublic class CustomerResource {

private CustomerRepository repo; private CRMClient client;

public CustomerResource(CustomerRepository repo, CRMClient client) { this.repo = repo; this.client = client; }}

// Kotlinclass CustomerResource(private val repo: CustomerRepository, private val client: CRMClient){}

Page 19: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Concise Lambda Expressions & Vaadin

19

val button = Button("Delete")

button.addClickListener( { event -> println(event) } )

button.addClickListener { event -> println(event) }

button.addClickListener { println(it) }

Page 20: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Collection API

20

val list = listOf(1,2,3,4)list.add(1)

Read-only Collections

val evenList = list.filter { it % 2 == 0 }

val daysList = list.filter { it % 2 == 0 }.map { DayOfWeek.of(it) }

println(daysList) //[TUESDAY, THURSDAY]

Collections API

Page 21: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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//Java:Table myTable = new Table("MyTable", container);myTable.setSizeFull();myTable.setColumnHeader("code", "Code");myTable.setColumnHeader("date", "Date");myTable.addGeneratedColumn("code", ShortValueColumnGenerator);myTable.setConverter("date", StringToInstantConverter);

Structuring with apply()

21

Page 22: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Structuring with apply()

//Kotlin:val myTable = Table("MyTable", container).apply { setSizeFull() setColumnHeader("code", "Code") setColumnHeader("date", "Date") addGeneratedColumn("code", ShortenedValueColumnGenerator) setConverter("date", StringToInstantConverter)}

22

Page 23: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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val layout = FormLayout().apply { setMargin(true) isSpacing = true val codeLabel = Label().apply { caption = "Code" value = "Select * From dual;" } val stateLabel = Label().apply { caption = "State" value = "${icon} Successfully executed" } val closeButton = Button("Close").apply { addClickListener { close() } } addComponents(codeLabel, stateLabel, closeButton)}

23

Structuring with apply()

Page 24: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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class AnalyserTest {

@Test fun `valid user data`() { val inconsistencies = Analyser.find(createValidData()) assertThat(inconsistencies).isEmpty() }

@Nested inner class `inconsistent e-mails` { @Test fun `different auth mail`() { //... }

}}

24

Testing with JUnit (5): Backticks

Page 25: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)class DAOTest { private lateinit var mysql: KMySQLContainer private lateinit var jdbcTemplate: JdbcTemplate

@BeforeAll fun init() { mysql = KMySQLContainer("mysql:5.7.18") mysql.start()

val dataSource = DataSourceBuilder.create() .url(mysql.jdbcUrl) .username(mysql.username) .password(mysql.password) .driverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver") .build() jdbcTemplate = JdbcTemplate(dataSource) } @AfterAll fun destroy(){ mysql.stop() } 25

Testing with JUnit (5): No Static

Page 26: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Top-Level and Extension Functions

26

Top-Level Functions// HelloWorld.ktfun main(args: Array<String>) { println("Hello World")}

Extension functions

// definitionfun String.wrap(wrapWith: String) = wrapWith + this + wrapWith

// usageval wrapped = "hello".wrap("*")// as opposed to:val wrapped = StringUtils.wrap("hello", "*")

// HelloWorld.javapublic class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World"); }}

Page 27: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Vaadin: Extension Functions to Add UI Logic

fun SnippetState.toIcon() = when (this){ SnippetState.EXECUTED -> FontAwesome.THUMBS_O_UP SnippetState.NOT_EXECUTED -> FontAwesome.THUMBS_O_DOWN}

//usage:val icon = state.toIcon()

27

enum class SnippetState {EXECUTED, NOT_EXECUTED}

Page 28: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Kotlin at Spreadshirt

Page 29: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Ecosystem vs. Language

29

Page 30: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Evaluation of Kotlin

30

Pros Cons

• Reuse of the powerful and

well-known Java ecosystem

• Interoperability with Java.

• Productivity

• Less error-prone

• Easy to learn. No paradigm shift.

• Stepwise migration possible.

• Brilliant IDE support with IntelliJ

IDEA.

• Training required

• Further development depends on

JetBrains.

• Poor Support for other IDEs (like

Eclipse)

• Less documentation available

compared with Java.

⇒ Low Risks

Page 31: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Kotlin Usage at Spreadshirt

11 new services and tools purelywritten in Kotlin

1 Java service enriched with Kotlin

31

2 Test Projects

Page 32: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Adoption of Kotlin Today(Outside of Spreadshirt)

Page 33: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Google Search Trends

33

Peak: Google I/O '17:

"Kotlin is an official language for Android development"

Page 34: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Further Support and Integrations for Kotlin

34

• start.spring.io• Kotlin Compiler Plugin• Kotlin Support in Spring 5.0

• Kotlin Gradle DSL

• @TestInstance(Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)

• Kotlin Android Extensions

Page 35: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Drawbacks and Pitfalls

Page 36: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Missing Default Constructor for Data Classes

36

⇒ Issues with Object Mapping:

• JAXB requires default constructor ↯• Jackson: jackson-module-kotlin allows parameterized

constructors• Hibernate: kotlin-noarg compiler plugin for JPA → Synthetic

default constructor

data class Snippet(val code: String, val author: String)

val snippet = Snippet()

apply plugin: "kotlin-jpa"

• Spring Data MongoDB: @PersistenceConstructor or kotlin-noarg plugin for @Document

Page 37: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Final by Default

37

• Some frameworks rely on extension of classes ▪ Spring▪ Mockito

• Solutions:▪ Open classes and methods explicitly▪ Open-all-plugin for Kotlin compiler

class CustomerService { fun findCustomer(id: Int){ //... }}

Can’t be extended by subclasses!

buildscript {dependencies {

classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-allopen:${kotlinVersion}")}

}apply plugin: 'kotlin-spring'

Page 38: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Hammer and Nails

38

Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com is licensed by CC 3.0 BY

http://www.freepik.com
http://www.flaticon.com
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Page 39: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Be aware of Train Wrecks!

fun map(dto: OrderDTO, authData: RequestAuthData) = OrderEntity( id = dto.id, shopId = try { extractItemIds(dto.orderItems[0].element.href).shopId } catch (e: BatchOrderProcessingException) { restExc("Couldn't retrieve shop id from first order item: ${e.msg}") }, batchState = BatchState.RECEIVED, orderData = OrderDataEntity( orderItems = dto.orderItems.map { dto -> mapToEntity(dto) }, shippingType = dto.shipping.shippingType.id, address = mapToEntity(dto.shipping.address), correlationOrderId = dto.correlation?.partner?.orderId, externalInvoiceData = dto.externalInvoiceData?.let { ExternalInvoiceDataEntity( url = it.url, total = it.total, currencyId = it.currency.id )} ), partnerUserId = authData.sessionOwnerId ?: restExc("No sessionId supplied", 401), apiKey = authData.apiKey, dateCreated = if (dto.dateCreated != null) dto.dateCreated else Instant.now(),)

Page 40: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Hammer and Nails

40

Be careful with:

• Unreadable monster expressions• Complicated null-safe-calls and elvis structures

//Don'tvalue?.emptyToNull()?.let { map.put("bla", it) }

// KISS!if (!value.isNullOrEmpty()){ map.put("key", value!!)}

fun String.emptyToNull() = if (this.isEmpty()) nullelse this

Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com is licensed by CC 3.0 BY

http://www.freepik.com
http://www.flaticon.com
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Page 41: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Kotlin Compiler - slow?

41

• Basically, Kotlin Compiler is slower than Java's• Solution:

▪ Gradle daemon ▪ Gradle incremental builds

Ten consecutive incremental builds with one core file changed

Ten consecutive clean builds without the Gradle daemon

Source: "Kotlin vs Java: Compilation speed" by AJ Alt

https://medium.com/keepsafe-engineering/kotlin-vs-java-compilation-speed-e6c174b39b5d
Page 42: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

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Conclusion

Page 43: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Kotlin at Spreadshirt:A Success Story!

Page 44: Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice...val date: Instant) data class AuthorEntity(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) data class SnippetDTO(val code: String, val author:

Spreadshirt

Questions?


Val Disere Press, VAL DP 2014 Hiver Web Anglais

Kotlin JAX, 25.04.18 In Practice Spreadshirt …...• Hibernate: kotlin-noarg compiler plugin for JPA → Synthetic default constructor dataclass Snippet(val code: String, val author:

Kotlin JUG Saxony Day, 29.09.17 In Practice · • Hibernate: kotlin-noarg compiler plugin for JPA → Synthetic default constructor data class Snippet(val code: String, val author:

DIAGNOSING OPEN- SOURCE COMMUNITY …22 class SetVectorizer(override val uid: String) extends Transformer with SVParams { // hopefully VectorUDT will be public soon! final val VT =

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f Ë ó Ë Ë © f Ë óimages.china-pub.com/ebook3680001-3685000/3684420/ch01.pdf · 2012. 11. 1. · val greeting: String = null val greeting: Any = "Hello" Ú I 4DBMB × J + Ú

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