Kingdoms

Two types of cells

• Prokaryote- Any of the group of organisms primarily characterized by the lack of true nucleus and possessing only a few organelles , and by the possession of a single loop of chromosomal DNA.

• Bacteria

• Eukaryotes-A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.

• All other kingdoms except bacteria

Kingdoms

1.Eubacteria

• Eubacteria- bacteria (prokaryotic cells) with rigid cell walls

• The group comprises the “true” bacteria.

2. Archaebacteria

• Archaebacteria are prokaryotes• they have similarities to both normal bacteria

and the eukaryotes.

• live in a variety of extreme environments

3. Protist

• eukaryotic organisms that are mostly unicellular.

• The protists include the protozoans, algae, and slime molds.

4. Fungi

• are eukaryotes• are heterotrophs• They secrete digestive chemicals into their

environment, where the food is “digested”, then the nutrients are absorbed

• Most fungi are multicellular• Includes mushrooms, mold, yeast

5. Plant

• multicellular organisms which produce food by photosynthesis.

• includes organisms that range from a tiny moss to a giant tree.

• All plants are multicellular and eukaryotic.

6. Animal

• Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms

• All animals are motile • All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest

their food.

What characteristics do taxonomists look for when classifying organisms?

Comparative anatomy

• Anatomy is the study of structure. Scientists look for similarities in structure.

• Example: the forelimbs of some animals

Comparative physiology

• Physiology is the study of function• Example: mammalian digestive systems

Comparative Biochemistry

• Comparing Proteins, DNA, Amino acid sequences